BIO-based waterborne roof coating composition and method of application

Abstract

The present invention provides a novel bio-based, waterborne roof coating composition that offers a sustainable and high-performing alternative to conventional roof coatings. The coating's unique blend of components results in surprising durability, weather resistance, and reflectivity, while minimizing environmental impact. The coating composition contains: a water-based resin, a bio-based starch, a primary pigment, and a transition metal.

Description

[0001] Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0002] TITLE OF THE INVENTION

[0003] BIO-BASED WATERBORNE ROOF COATING COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF APPLICATION

[0004] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLCIATIONS

[0005] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 63 / 722,175, filed November 19, 2024 and U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 63 / 735,029, filed December 17, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0006] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The present invention relates to the field of field of coatings, e.g., roof coatings. More specifically, the present invention relates to water-based, environmentally friendly coatings that incorporate bio-based materials for enhanced durability and performance. The coating composition contains: a water-based resin, a bio-based starch, a primary pigment, and a transition metal. In addition, the coating composition may have low or is free from volatile organic compounds (“VOC”) and / or may have a total of bio-based material(s) totaling from 24 wt% to 95 wt%.

[0008] DISCUSSION OF THE BACKGROUND

[0009] In contemporary society exposure to toxic glues and coatings is unavoidable. Conventional polyurethane based coating systems may be formed by reacting an isocyanate compound with a polyol compound, of which the polyol used may have at least one petroleum-based building block (such as ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide). While such petrochemical based polyols are widely used, these polyols face many problems in addition to the health drawbacks, such as exhaustion of natural resources and fluctuations in price based Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 on changes in oil price. Although bio-based oils may seem to be an attractive alternative, most bio-based oils are not miscible in water and therefore these alternatives typically contain volatile organic compounds and / or strong off-gassing odors.

[0010] When considering traditional roof coatings, in particular, most coatings are formulated with petroleum-based resins and solvents, which can have negative environmental impacts due to volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and the reliance on nonrenewable resources. While some water-based roof coatings exist, they often lack the durability and longevity of their solvent-based counterparts.

[0011] In view of the foregoing, there remains a critical need in the art to develop a high- performance, environmentally friendly roof coating that offers excellent durability, weather resistance, and reflectivity while minimizing environmental impact.

[0012] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] It is an object of the present invention to provide a bio-based, waterborne roof coating composition that addresses the limitations of existing technologies. The coating is formulated to be easily applied and cured at a variety of temperatures, without the need for specialized equipment. The unique combination of ingredients provides a strong and lasting bond on a variety of substrates and roofing materials, including those made of metals, plastics, wood, and composites. The coating comprises a blend of water-based resin, bio-based starch, primary pigment, and a transition metal, resulting in a surprisingly durable and high- performing coating.

[0014] A coating composition comprising: a water-based resin; a bio-based starch; a primary pigment; and Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 a transition metal.

[0015] A kit comprising, the coating composition comprising a water-based resin, a biobased starch, a primary pigment, and a transition metal together with instructions for use thereof.

[0016] A method of making a coating composition, comprising stirring, shaking, or agitating a water-based resin, a bio-based starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal, and, optionally a solvent for a time and under conditions sufficient to blend the water-based resin, the bio-based starch, the primary pigment, the transition metal, and, optionally the solvent to substantial homogeneity thus forming the coating composition.

[0017] A method of coating a surface of a material by:

[0018] (1) applying a layer of a coating composition comprising a water-based resin, a biobased starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal, and, optionally a solvent and, optionally, one or more additives to a surface of a material, wherein the material, and

[0019] (2) allowing the coating composition to cure.

[0020] A coated material wherein a surface of a material has a coating of a cured product of a coating composition comprising a water-based resin, a bio-based starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal.

[0021] The above objects highlight certain aspects of the invention. Additional objects, aspects and embodiments of the invention are found in the following detailed description of the invention.

[0022] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0023] Unless specifically defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a skilled artisan in chemistry (e.g., polyurethane chemistry), adhesives, and coatings.

[0024] All methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, with suitable methods and materials being described herein. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. Further, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting, unless otherwise specified.

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Identical elements in the various figures are identified with the same reference numerals.

[0026] Reference will now be made in detail to each embodiment of the present invention. Such embodiments are provided by way of explanation of the present invention, which is not intended to be limited thereto. In fact, those of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate upon reading the present specification and viewing the present drawings that various modifications and variations can be made thereto.

[0027] The present invention provides a coating composition (also referred to herein, interchangeably as a “coating”) containing: a water-based resin; a bio-based starch; a primary pigment; and a transition metal. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0028] In an embodiment, the water-based resin serves as a primary binder, providing adhesion and film formation. In the present invention, the water-based resin may be any of an epoxy resin, an alkyd resin, an alkyd emulsion, a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin, a polybutadiene-based resin, a vinyl acetate emulsion, a latex, an electrophoretic deposition resin, a hybrid resin (e.g., a polyurethane dispersions blended or hybridized with an acrylic resin), and a resin with high bio-based or renewable content.

[0029] In an embodiment, the water-based resin is an alkyd resin. An example of an alkyd resin is a polyester resin modified by the addition of a fatty acid or other component. Alkyds are derived from polyols and organic acids including dicarboxylic acids or carboxylic acid anhydride and triglyceride oils. Typical components are vegetable oils or fatty acids such as linseed, soybean, castor, dehydrated castor, safflower, tung, coconut and tall oil. Acids include isophthalic, terephthalic, adipic, benzoic, succinic acids and phthalic, maleic and trimellitic anhydride. Polyols include glycerol, pentaerythritol, Trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol and 1,4- butanediol.

[0030] In an embodiment, the water-based resin is a polyester resin. An example of a polyester resin are synthetic resins formed by the reaction of dibasic organic acids, polyacids, or anhydrides and polyhydric alcohols. Exemplary acids include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and adipic acid. Exemplary anhydrides include phthalic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride. Exemplary polyols include neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol and trimethylolpropane.

[0031] In an embodiment, the water-based resin is a hybrid resin. Exemplary hybrid resins include a polyurethane dispersions blended or hybridized with an acrylic resin and a dispersion of a poly (vinyl alcohol) stabilized with vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) copolymer. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0032] The water-based resin can be selected from a variety of commercially available resins.

[0033] Examples of such resins are an acrylic resin, a styrene- acrylic resin, and a polyurethane dispersion.

[0034] In an embodiment, the coating composition contains a total of at least 50%, at least 52.5%, at least 55 wt%, at least 57.5 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 62.5 wt%, or at least 65 wt% of the water-based resin. The coating composition contains a total of at most 70 wt%, at most 67.5 wt%, at most 65 wt%, at most 62.5 wt%, or at most 60 wt% of the water-based resin. In an embodiment of the invention is any range or sub-range bound by a lower (i.e., “at least”) and an upper (i.e., “at most”) limit from those selected above.

[0035] The bio-based starch acts as a reinforcing agent, enhancing the coating's durability, flexibility, and resistance to cracking.

[0036] In an embodiment, the bio-based starch is, for example, acorn squash starch, arrowroot starch, barley starch, butternut squash starch, cassava starch, corn starch (maize starch), manioc starch, lentil starch, lima bean starch, oat starch, pea starch, potato starch, rice starch, sorghum starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch, white potato starch, or mixtures thereof.

[0037] In an embodiment, the bio-based component is com starch.

[0038] In an embodiment, the bio-based component is a potato starch.

[0039] In an embodiment, the coating composition contains a total of at least 10%, at least 12.5%, at least 15 wt%, at least 17.5 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 22.5 wt%, or at least 25 wt% of the bio-based starch. The coating composition contains a total of at most 30 wt%, at most 27.5 wt%, at most 25 wt%, at most 22.5 wt%, or at most 20 wt% of the bio-based starch. In an embodiment of the invention is any range or sub-range bound by a lower (i.e., “at least”) and an upper (i.e., “at most”) limit from those selected above. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0040] The primary pigment as used in the present invention includes any material that providing whiteness, reflectivity, and UV protection.

[0041] In an embodiment of the present invention the primary pigment is titanium oxide. However, it is also envisioned that the primary pigment for use in the present invention may be lithopone, a hydrous clay, a precipitated barium sulphate, a precipitated calcium carbonate, or a calcined clay.

[0042] In an embodiment, the coating composition contains a total of at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, or at least 15 wt% of the primary pigment. The coating composition contains a total of at most 20 wt%, at most 19 wt%, at most 18 wt%, at most 17 wt%, at most 16 wt%, or at most 15 wt% of the primary pigment. In an embodiment of the invention is any range or sub-range bound by a lower (i.e., “at least”) and an upper (i.e., “at most”) limit from those selected above.

[0043] As used in the present invention, the term “transition metal” means a transition metal or transition metal complex that inhibits microbial growth. The inclusion of a transition method extends the coating's lifespan.

[0044] Transition metals having fungicidal and / or mildewcidal activity include iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium.

[0045] Non-limiting examples of transition metal complexes having fungicidal and / or mildewcidal activity are the following (see Frei, et al. JACS Au. 2022 Sep 23;2(10):2277- 2294.) Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0046] In an embodiment of the invention, the transition metal zinc or copper. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0047] In an embodiment, the transition metal is zinc. Further, the transition metal can be a zinc-containing compound provides zinc ions including, without intending to limit the scope, zinc oxide, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, or mixtures thereof.

[0048] In an embodiment, the coating composition contains a total of at least 1%, at least 1.25%, at least 1.5 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 2.5 wt%, or at least 3 wt% of the transition metal based on the metal ion content. The coating composition contains a total of at most 5 wt%, at most 4.75 wt%, at most 4.5 wt%, at most 4.25 wt%, at most 4 wt%, at most 3.75 wt%, or at most 3.5 wt% of the transition metal. In an embodiment of the invention is any range or sub-range bound by a lower (i.e., “at least”) and an upper (i.e., “at most”) limit from those selected above.

[0049] In an embodiment, the coating composition comprises a solvent. The solvent includes, but is not limited to, alcohols such as ethanol or methanol, water, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethyl formamide.

[0050] The coating composition may contain a total of at least 7.5 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 12.5 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 17.5 wt%, or at least 20 wt% of a solvent. The coating composition contains a total of at most 35 wt%, at most 30 wt%, at most 25 wt%, at most 20 wt%, or at most 15 wt% of a solvent. In an embodiment of the invention is any range or sub-range bound by a lower (i.e., “at least”) and an upper (i.e., “at most”) limit from those selected above.

[0051] In an embodiment, the solvent is water-based (i.e., is contained in water as a solvent). In an embodiment, the solvent is water. In an embodiment, the solvent has low VOC content or is free from (i.e., has zero) VOCs. In and embodiment, the solvent is free from VOCs. In an embodiment, the coating composition is free from organic solvents.

[0052] In an embodiment, the coating composition has low VOC content or is free from (i.e., has zero) VOCs. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0053] As low VOC content, it is envisioned that there is less than 2 wt%, less than 1.5 wt%, less than 1.0 wt%, less than 0.05 wt%, less than 0.01 wt% total VOCs.

[0054] In an embodiment, the coating composition has no detectable odor.

[0055] In an embodiment, the coating composition has a pH after mixing the components in a solvent ranging from 6.0 to 8.0, 6.5 to 7.5, from 6.7 to 7.3, from 6.9 to 7.1.

[0056] In an embodiment, the coating composition has a dynamic viscosity at 25°C ranging from 800 to 4000 cps. As a lower viscosity limit, at least 800 cps, at least 850 cps, at least 900 cps, at least 950 cps, at least 1000 cps, at least 1100 cps, at least 1200 cps, at least 1300 cps, at least 1400 cps, at least 1500 cps, at least 1750 cps, and at least 2000 cps are mentioned. As an upper viscosity limit, at most 4000 cps, at most 3750 cps, at most 3500 cps, at most 3250 cps, at most 3000 cps, at most 2750 cps, at most 2500 cps, at most 2250 cps, and at most 2000 cps are mentioned. Ranges and sub-ranges based on a selection of a lower limit and an upper limit from the foregoing are mentioned. Exemplary viscosity ranges include formulations having a viscosity of 800 to 4000 cps, 1000 to 3500 cps, and 1200 to 3000 cps.

[0057] In an embodiment, the coating composition contains a total of at least 24 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 27.5 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 45 wt%, at least 50 wt%, at least 55 wt%, or at least 60 wt% of bio-based materials (e.g., the bio-based component as well as other plant-based and / or bio-renewable polymers). The coating composition contains a total of at most 95 wt%, at most 90 wt%, at most 85 wt%, at most 80 wt%, at most 75 wt%, at most 70 wt%, at most 65 wt%, at most 60 wt%, at most 55 wt%, at most 50 wt%, at most 45 wt%, at most 40 wt%, or at most 35 wt% of bio-based materials

[0058] (e.g., the bio-based component as well as other plant-based and / or bio-renewable polymers).

[0059] In an embodiment of the invention is any range or sub-range bound by a lower (i.e., “at least”) and an upper (i.e., “at most”) limit from those selected above. Exemplary ranges Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 include: 24 wt% to 95 wt%, 30 wt% to 95 wt%, 35 wt% to 95 wt%, 40 wt% to 95 wt%, 24 wt% to 85 wt%, 30 wt% to 85 wt%, 35 wt% to 85 wt%, 40 wt% to 85 wt%, 24 wt% to 75 wt%, 30 wt% to 75 wt%, 35 wt% to 75 wt%, 40 wt% to 75 wt%, 24 wt% to 65 wt%, 30 wt% to 65 wt%, 35 wt% to 65 wt%, 40 wt% to 65 wt%, 24 wt% to 50 wt%, 30 wt% to 50 wt%, 35 wt% to 50 wt%, and 40 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0060] In an embodiment, after mixing, the coating composition has a high solids content of over 25%, over 30%, over 35%, over 40%, over 45%, over 50%, over 55%, over 60%, over 70%, over 75%, over 80%, over 85%, or over 90%, for example from 25 to 95%, from 30 to 90%, from 35 to 80%, from 40 to 70%, from 45 to 65%. This very high solids content reduces transportation costs.

[0061] Of the total solids content, the bio-based starch makes up at least 15 wt%, at least 17.5 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 22.5 wt% at least 25 wt% to at most 40 wt%, at most 35 wt%, at most 30 wt%, at most 27.5wt%, including ranges defined by a lower and upper end point including, for example, from 15 to 40 wt%, 17.5 to 25 wt%, 20 to 30 wt%, or 22.5 to 27.5 wt%.

[0062] Of the total solids content, the water-based resin makes up at least 25 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 40 wt% at least 45 wt% to at most 80 wt%, at most 75 wt%, at most 70 wt%, at most 65 wt%, at most 60 wt%, at most 55 wt%, including ranges defined by a lower and upper end point including, for example, from 25 to 80 wt%, 30 to 75 wt%, 35 to 70 wt%, 40 to 65 wt%, or 45 to 60 wt%.

[0063] The coating composition of the present invention can be formulated in various forms, such as liquids, pastes, films, depending on the desired application method. The coating is designed to be easily applied to the substrates, either manually or through automated dispensing equipment. Upon application, the coating cures at ambient temperatures, forming a strong and lasting bond to the surface upon which it is applied. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0064] Additives

[0065] The coating of the present invention may include an optional additive component. Exemplary additive components include one or more of a promoter, defoamer, a thickener, a rheology modifier, an emulsifier, dyes, a pigment, an antimicrobial agent, a nanotube, a microcarrier, a curative agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a plasticizer, a filler, reinforcements, a solvent, a chain extender, and / or a crosslinker.

[0066] Where the additive is a nanotube or a microcarrier, the nanotube and / or microcarrier may contain additives including at least one of titanium dioxide (if not used as the primary pigment), a secondary pigment, and an antimicrobial agent.

[0067] Exemplary catalysts include catalysts include tertiary amines, Mannich bases formed from secondary amines, nitrogen-containing bases, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali phenolates, alkali metal alcoholates, hexahydrothiazines, and organometallic compounds. An exemplary catalyst is dibutyltin dilaurate, an organotin compound. The catalyst may be added, in amount from 0.001 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the system. The catalyst may accelerate the curing time of isocyanate moieties (e.g., in the isocyanate component or in prepolymers) and active hydrogens (e.g., polyols and / or chain extenders) to offer mechanical properties.

[0068] An exemplary antimicrobial agent is a 2:1 blend of emulsified water-based silver solution and zinc-pyrithione.

[0069] Dyes and / or secondary pigments (such as titanium dioxide and / or carbon black), may be included in the additive component to impart color properties to the coating composition to tune reflective properties and / or UV protective properties. Pigments may be in the form of solids or a dispersion in a resin carrier. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0070] Reinforcements (e.g., flake or milled glass and / or fumed silica), may be used to impart certain properties.

[0071] The coating composition may be a curable composition that includes curing agent / hardener component in addition to the coating composition or as part of the coating composition. The amount of the hardener component used may vary depending on whether the hardener component is used in addition to or as part of the coating composition. In exemplary embodiments, an amine-based hardener (e.g., one that is known in the art for use in curing epoxy systems) may be excluded because the sprayable polyurethane systems rely on urethane curing chemistry due to minimal residual epoxy content.

[0072] Other additives include, e.g., UV light stabilizers, antioxidants, air release agents, and adhesion promoters, which may be independently used depending on the desired characteristics of the coating composition.

[0073] The additives addition amount will vary depending upon the end use. In an embodiment, the total amount of all additives (based on the total of the coating composition) is no more than 25 wt% no more than 20 wt%, no more than 15 wt%, not more than 10 wt%, or no more than 5 wt%. As an example, where the additive is a defoamer, the total amount is 0.1 to 10 wt%, 2 to 9 wt%, 3 to 8 wt%, or 4 to 7 wt%, including sub-ranges, for example, 0.1 to 2 wt%, 0.2 to 1.5 wt%, 0.3 to 1 wt%, 0.35 to 0.75 wt%. Alternatively, where the coting composition contains a UV light stabilizer, the amount ranges from 0.1 to 6 wt%, 0.5 to 5 wt%, 1 to 4 wt% or 2 to 3 wt%, including sub-ranges, for example, 0.1 to 2.5 wt%, 0.25 to 2 wt%, 0.5 to 1 wt%, 0.6 to 0.8 wt%.

[0074] Other exemplary additives and amounts include:

[0075] A reactive surfactant, for example 3-n-pentadecylphenol, with an equivalent weight of from 250 to 300, at an amount of from 1 to 5 wt% or 2 to 4 wt%. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0076] A diamine with an equivalent weight ranging from 130 to 160, and an amount of from 3 to 9 wt% or 5 to 7 wt%.

[0077] An antimicrobial agent, for example, silver solution and zinc pyrithione, at an amount of from 0.5 to 1.5 wt% or 0.75% to 1.25%.

[0078] Kits

[0079] The present invention includes an embodiment where a kit is provided such that the coating composition described above is present together with instructions for preparing and / or using the coating composition.

[0080] In the kits of the present invention, one or more of the water-based resin, the biobased starch, the primary pigment, and / or the transition metal may be stored in its own individual container or stored in a container in combination with any one or more of the other component(s).

[0081] In the kits of the present invention, additives may be present. In an embodiment the additives are present in the coating composition. Alternatively, the additives may be contained in their own separate container(s) for addition as applicable to the desired use. For example, dyes and / or secondary pigments may be stored in a separate container in the kit.

[0082] Storage temperatures for the kit should be 45° to 90°F, 55° to 85°F, or 60° to 80°F. Freezing temperatures, direct sunlight, & moisture should be avoided. Further, the kit should not be exposed to direct heat and / or should be kept away from heat sources.

[0083] In an embodiment, the coating composition is contained in a delivery device. In an embodiment the delivery device may contain the coating composition and a curing agent in separate chambers of a delivery device, wherein each container is connected to a mixing chamber by way of a tube, a channel, or other delivery vehicle. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0084] In an embodiment, the delivery device further comprises a tip, tube, channel or other outlet for application of the coating to the desired surface.

[0085] Method

[0086] In an embodiment, the coating composition is prepared by: stirring, shaking, or agitating a water-based resin, a bio-based starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal, and, optionally a solvent for a time and under conditions sufficient to blend the water-based resin, the bio-based starch, the primary pigment, the transition metal, and, optionally the solvent to substantial homogeneity thus forming the coating composition. The solvent preferably has low or is free from volatile organic compounds.

[0087] In an embodiment the method further comprising adding one or more additive selected from the group consisting of a promoter, defoamer, a thickener, a rheology modifier, an emulsifier, dyes, a secondary pigment, an antimicrobial agent, a nanotube, a microcarrier, a curative agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a plasticizer, a filler, reinforcements, a second solvent, a chain extender, and a crosslinker.

[0088] In an embodiment, the water-based resin, the bio-based starch, the primary pigment, the transition metal, solvent, and, optional, additive, may be added in any order.

[0089] In an embodiment, all components are added together and the mixture is then stirred, shaken, or agitated. In this embodiment, one or more components may be dissolved in sufficient solvent to permit formation of a substantially homogenous dissolution or suspension.

[0090] In an embodiment, the water-based resin is dissolved in sufficient solvent to permit formation of a substantially homogenous dissolution or suspension followed by addition, in any order, individually or together, the bio-based starch, the primary pigment, and the transition metal. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0091] In an embodiment, the bio-based starch is dissolved in sufficient solvent to permit formation of a substantially homogenous dissolution or suspension followed by addition, in any order, individually or together, the water-based resin, the primary pigment, and the transition metal.

[0092] In an embodiment, the primary pigment is dissolved in sufficient solvent to permit formation of a substantially homogenous dissolution or suspension followed by addition, in any order, individually or together, the water-based resin, the bio-based starch, and the transition metal.

[0093] In an embodiment, the transition metal is dissolved in sufficient solvent to permit formation of a substantially homogenous dissolution or suspension followed by addition, in any order, individually or together, the water-based resin, the bio-based starch, and the primary pigment.

[0094] In the method of the present invention, the component(s) and mixtures thereof are stirred, shaken, or agitated for a time and under conditions suitable to fully disperse the component(s).

[0095] The time and conditions for stirring, shaking, or agitating (i.e., mixing) is not particularly limited so long as it is sufficient to ensure that the water-based resin, the biobased starch, the primary pigment, and the transition metal., respectively, are fully dispersed (e.g., in a solvent). The time and conditions would be understood to the skilled artisan. Exemplary, times are from 15 seconds to 5 minutes, from 30 seconds to 4 minutes, from 1 minute to 3 minutes. Stirring can be accomplished by using a jiffy blade mixer at a slow speed (e.g., 400 rpm, 450 rpm, 500 rpm, 550 rpm, 600 rpm). Alternatively, hand shaking or agitation may be used.

[0096] “Substantially homogeneity” or “substantially homogeneous” in this context means that the water-based resin, bio-based starch, primary pigment, and transition metal, as Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 applicable, are mixed well and in a manner that permits creation of an approximately uniform dispersion. In an embodiment, the total mixing time is from 30 seconds to 5 minutes, from 1 minute to 4 minutes, from 2 minutes to 3 minutes.

[0097] In the preparation method above, the coating composition may optionally be allowed stand for a time ranging from 30 seconds to 5 minutes, from 1 minute to 4 minutes, from 2 minutes to 3 minutes prior to being applied to a surface of a material.

[0098] In an embodiment, the coating composition has low VOC content or is free from (i.e., has zero) VOCs. As low VOC content, it is envisioned that there is less than 2 wt%, less than 1.5 wt%, less than 1.0 wt%, less than 0.05 wt%, less than 0.01 wt% total VOCs.

[0099] In an embodiment, the coating composition has no detectable odor after mixing.

[0100] In an embodiment, the coating composition has a pH after mixing ranging from 6.0 to 8.0, 6.5 to 7.5, from 6.7 to 7.3, from 6.9 to 7.1.

[0101] In an embodiment, the coating composition has a dynamic viscosity at 25°C after mixing ranging from 800 to 4000 cps. As a lower viscosity limit, at least 800 cps, at least 850 cps, at least 900 cps, at least 950 cps, at least 1000 cps, at least 1100 cps, at least 1200 cps, at least 1300 cps, at least 1400 cps, at least 1500 cps, at least 1750 cps, and at least 2000 cps are mentioned. As an upper viscosity limit, at most 4000 cps, at most 3750 cps, at most 3500 cps, at most 3250 cps, at most 3000 cps, at most 2750 cps, at most 2500 cps, at most 2250 cps, and at most 2000 cps are mentioned. Ranges and sub-ranges based on a selection of a lower limit and an upper limit from the foregoing are mentioned. Exemplary viscosity ranges include formulations having a viscosity of 800 to 4000 cps, 1000 to 3500 cps, and 1200 to 3000 cps.

[0102] In an embodiment, the coating composition contains a total of at least 24 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 27.5 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 45 wt%, at least 50 wt%, at least 55 wt%, or at least 60 wt% of bio-based materials (e.g., a plant-based Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 and / or bio-renewable polymer). The coating composition contains a total of at most 95 wt%, at most 90 wt%, at most 85 wt%, at most 80 wt%, at most 75 wt%, at most 70 wt%, at most 65 wt%, at most 60 wt%, at most 55 wt%, at most 50 wt%, at most 45 wt%, at most 40 wt%, or at most 35 wt% of bio-based materials (e.g., a plant-based and / or bio-renewable materials). In an embodiment of the invention is any range or sub-range bound by a lower (i.e., “at least”) and an upper (i.e., “at most”) limit from those selected above. Exemplary ranges include: 24 wt% to 95 wt%, 30 wt% to 95 wt%, 35 wt% to 95 wt%, 40 wt% to 95 wt%, 24 wt% to 85 wt%, 30 wt% to 85 wt%, 35 wt% to 85 wt%, 40 wt% to 85 wt%, 24 wt% to 75 wt%, 30 wt% to 75 wt%, 35 wt% to 75 wt%, 40 wt% to 75 wt%, 24 wt% to 65 wt%, 30 wt% to 65 wt%, 35 wt% to 65 wt%, 40 wt% to 65 wt%, 24 wt% to 50 wt%, 30 wt% to 50 wt%, 35 wt% to 50 wt%, and 40 wt% to 50 wt%.

[0103] In an embodiment, after mixing, the coating composition has a high solids content of over 25%, over 30%, over 35%, over 40%, over 45%, over 50%, over 55%, over 60%, over 70%, over 75%, over 80%, over 85%, or over 90%, for example from 25 to 95%, from 30 to 90%, from 35 to 80%, from 40 to 70%, from 45 to 65%. This very high solids content reduces transportation costs.

[0104] Method of Using the Coating Composition and Resulting Material Construct

[0105] In an embodiment is a method of coating a surface of a material by:

[0106] (1) applying a layer of a coating composition comprising a water-based resin, a biobased starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal, and, optionally a solvent and, optionally, one or more additives to a surface of a material, wherein the material, and

[0107] (2) allowing the coating composition to cure.

[0108] Depending upon the surface to be treated, the application method, and the desired application thickness, among other factors, the coating composition of the present invention Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 may be diluted by up to 50% (i.e., add an equal amount of solvent to the volume of the mixed coating composition), up to 40%, up to 30%, up to 25%, up to 20%, up to 15%, or up to 10% with a solvent. In this regard, there would be a corresponding decrease in the solids content of the coating composition to be applied. Thinning by dilution may be desirable for some applications to avoid lap marks and / or to allow for proper self-leveling characteristics. In an embodiment, the solvent has low VOC content or is free from (i.e., has zero) VOCs. The solvent for dissolution may be water.

[0109] The coating composition of the present invention may be applied directly to a surface of a material.

[0110] Application of the coating composition can be in one coating layer or multiple coating layers.

[0111] Overall, the total application and / or dry film thickness may be at least 0.001 inches (1 mil), at least 0.002 inches (2 mils), at least 0.003 inches (3 mils), at least 0.004 inches (4 mils), at least 0.005 inches (5 mils), at least 0.006 inches (6 mils), at least 0.007 inches (7 mils), at least 0.008 inches (8 mils), at least 0.009 inches (9 mils), at least 0.010 inches (10 mils), at least 0.011 inches (11 mils), at least 0.012 inches (12 mils), at least 0.013 inches (13 mils), at least 0.014 inches (14 mils), at least 0.015 inches (15 mils), at least 0.016 inches (16 mils), at least 0.017 inches (17 mils), at least 0.018 inches (18 mils), at least 0.019 inches (19 mils), at least 0.020 inches (20 mils), at least 0.021 inches (21 mils), at least 0.022 inches (22 mils), at least 0.023 inches (23 mils), at least 0.024 inches (24 mils), at least 0.025 inches (25 mils), at least 0.026 inches (26 mils), at least 0.027 inches (27 mils), at least 0.028 inches (28 mils), at least 0.029 inches (29 mils), at least 0.030 inches (30 mils), at least 0.031 inches (31 mils), at least 0.032 inches (32 mils), at least 0.033 inches (33 mils), at least 0.034 inches (34 mils), at least 0.035 inches (35 mils), at least 0.036 inches (36 mils), at least 0.037 inches (37 mils), at least 0.038 inches (38 mils), at least 0.039 inches (39 mils), at least 0.040 inches (40 Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 mils), at least 0.050 inches (50 mils), at least 0.060 inches (60 mils), at least 0.070 inches (70 mils), at least 0.080 inches (80 mils), at least 0.090 inches (90 mils), or at least 0.100 inches (100 mils). Overall, the total thickness may be at most 0.500 inches (500 mils), at most 0.400 inches (400 mils), at most 0.300 inches (300 mils), at most 0.250 inches (250 mils), at most 0.200 inches (200 mils), at most 0.150 inches (150 mils), at most 0.100 inches (100 mils), at most 0.090 inches (90 mils), at most 0.080 inches (80 mils), at most 0.070 inches (70 mils), at most 0.060 inches (60 mils), at most 0.050 inches (50 mils), at most 0.049 inches (49 mils), at most 0.048 inches (48 mils), at most 0.047 inches (47 mils), at most 0.046 inches (46 mils), at most 0.045 inches (45 mils), at most 0.044 inches (44 mils), at most 0.043 inches (43 mils), at most 0.042 inches (42 mils), at most 0.041 inches (41 mils), at most 0.040 inches (40 mils), at most 0.039 inches (39 mils), at most 0.038 inches (38 mils), at most 0.037 inches (37 mils), at most 0.036 inches (36 mils), at most 0.035 inches (35 mils), at most 0.034 inches (34 mils), at most 0.033 inches (33 mils), at most 0.032 inches (32 mils), at most 0.031 inches (31 mils), or at most 0.030 inches (30 mils). Ranges and sub-ranges based on a selection of a lower limit and an upper limit from the foregoing are included in the present invention. Exemplary thickness ranges include coating thicknesses of from 0.001 to 0.500 inches (1 - 500 mils), from 0.002 to 0.250 inches (2 - 250 mils), from 0.003 to 0.200 inches (3 - 200 mils), from 0.004 to 0.100 inches (4 to 100 mils), from 0.005 to 0.050 inches (5 to 50 mils) or from 0.010 to 0.040 inches (10 to 40 mils).

[0112] Where multiple layers (i.e., applications) are used, the application thickness per layer may be 1 to 50 mils, 2 to 45 mils, 3 to 40 mils, 4 to 35 mils, 5 to 30 mils, 5 to 25 mils, 5 to 20 mils, 5 to 15 mils, or 5 to 10 mils. Of course, thinner coating ranges are also envisioned by selecting any lower and upper limit from the foregoing including, for example, from 1 to 10 mils, 2 to 10 mils, 2 to 15 mils, 2 to 20 mils, 3 to 10 mils, 3 to 15 mils, 3 to 20 mils, 4 to 10 mils, 4 to 15 mils, or 4 to 20 mils. Where multiple layers are used, there are at least 2, at least Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0113] 3, at least 4, or least 5 layers to at most 10 layers, at most 9 layers, at most 8 layers, at most 7 layers, at most 6 layers, or at most 5 layers. Illustrative exemplary ranges including 2 to 10 layers, 2 to 8 layers, 2 to 5 layer, 3 to 10 layers, 3 to 8 layer, and 3 to 5 layers.

[0114] The coating composition may be applied to the surface of a material by brushing, rolling, or spraying.

[0115] The coating composition of the present invention has a coverage rate of approximately 250 to 400 sq. ft. per gallon; however, the coverage rate is impacted by the material (e.g., substrate) to be treated, the surface pretreatment, and whether or not the coating composition was diluted before application. The following table includes approximate coverage rates for different substrates:

[0116] Following application to the surface of a material, the coating composition of the present invention has a dry-time ranging from 2 to 15 hours, from 3 to 14 hours, from 4 to 13 hours, from 5 to 12 hours, from 6 to 11 hours, or from 7 to 10 hours, but the drying time varies depending upon the temperature, ventilation, and catalyst system being used. For example, the drying time at ambient temperature may be 8 hours or less.

[0117] After preparing the coating composition, a process for curing the composition may be used to form a thermoset or cured composition. For example, the composition or formulation Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 may be cured under conventional processing conditions to form a coating bond. Curing the coating composition may be carried out at curing reaction conditions including a predetermined temperature and for a predetermined period of time sufficient to cure the composition. The curing conditions may be dependent on the various components used in the curable composition such as the hardener used in the formulation. The curing reaction conditions include, e.g., carrying out the reaction under a temperature, generally in the range of from -5° C. to 60° C. (e.g., 0° C. to 50° C„ 5° C. to 45° C„ 10° C. to 35° C„ 15° C. to 30° C., 20° C. to 27.5° C. etc.), including ambient temperature. For sprayable applications, the coating may be applied to substrates, e.g., using airless sprayers and air-assisted pneumatic sprayers and the like. The applied composition may be cured by heating the composition at the aforementioned curing temperatures.

[0118] Following drying of a first layer or when the coating is tack free, a second coating layer may be applied by spraying, rolling, or brushing (which may be repeated for additional layers). However, for proper adhesion, it is desired to apply the second (or subsequent) coat within 24 hours, within 18 hours, within 12 hours, or within 6 hours of application of the first (or prior) coat. If the first (or prior) coat has dried longer than 24-hours, the surface may be abraded or etched to promote adhesion of the second (or subsequent) coat.

[0119] Temperature and humidity directly affect pot life and dry time. Accordingly, in an embodiment the conditions should be between 40 - 95 °F, between 50 and 85 °F, between 60 and 80 °F, or between 65 and 75 °F and the humidity should not exceed 80%, not exceed 70%, not exceed 60%, or not exceed 50%.

[0120] In an embodiment, the surface to be coated has a moisture content of no more than 25%, no more than 20%, no more than 15%, no more than 10%, or no more than 5% as measured with an electronic moisture meter. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0121] Prior to application of the coating composition to a surface(s), the surface(s) may pretreated and / or cleaned.

[0122] In an embodiment, the surface(s) to be adhered may be cleaned prior to application of the coating composition. For example, to facilitate proper adherence, the surface can be cleaned to remove dirt, debris, grime, minerals such as lime and calcium, oils, release agents, grease, mud, excess mortar, and mold and mildew, etc.

[0123] In an embodiment, the surface may be pretreated with a primer (e.g., smooth surfaces) or a sealer or filler to remove pinholes (e.g., porous surfaces). Another envisioned pretreatment includes pointing and / or caulking all cracks. Further, all voids, beeholes, masonry surface defects and openings such as conduits, pipes, drains, door frames, vents, air conditioner openings, electrical openings, control joints, or any dissimilar materials should be repaired using urethane or other approved patching.

[0124] Another form of surface pretreatment envisioned in the present invention includes fluting, scoring, sandblasting, and / or etching as well as raking joints. Pretreating a surface in this manner can increase the absorption, but will also lower coverage rates.

[0125] In an embodiment, the coating composition is not applied where freezing temperatures have existed prior to application. In such a situation, adequate time should be allowed for the application surface to thaw. In an embodiment, air, surface, and material temperatures should be above 40°F (4.4°C) and at least 5°F above the dew point prior to application. Further, it is not desirable to apply the coating composition where temperatures are below 40°F or when temperatures are expected to drop below 40°F within 48 hours of application. For exterior surfaces, application should also be avoided if rain, snow, or lower temperatures are expected within 48 hours. Further, the coating composition would be adversely affective if relative humidity is greater than 90% and, therefore, it should be avoided. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0126] In the case of spills or following application excess coating composition can be cleaned up with water.

[0127] Coated Products

[0128] The coating can be applied to various roofing substrates, including asphalt shingles, metal roofs, concrete roofs, and concrete tiles. This unique combination of components results in a roof coating that exhibits surprising durability and performance compared to conventional petroleum-based coatings. The coating provides excellent weather resistance, UV protection, and reflectivity, contributing to energy savings and prolonged roof lifespan.

[0129] The coating composition of the present invention may also find utility in many other different industries including oil and gas, steel fabrication, bridge and highway, power generation, marine, food processing, pharmaceutical, veterinary, hospitals, and restaurants.

[0130] An exemplary use includes floors (concrete, ceramic, wood, metal, galvanized steel, ungalvanized steel, tile, etc.) of food processing, veterinary, hospitals, restaurants and other facilities that need to have a floor coating with high gloss, mold resistance, and mildew resistance. Other uses include warehouses, food and beverage facilities, USDA inspected facilities, commercial vehicles, airports, stadiums, sound walls, stadiums, direct-to-metal, direct-to-aluminum, direct-to-galvanized steel, direct-to-ungalvanized steel.

[0131] Thus, the coating composition is suitable for and has excellent adherence properties with a broad scope of materials including asphalt, concrete, ceramic, wood, metal, galvanized steel, ungalvanized steel, and tile. It is also conceivable that the coating composition can also be sued for glass, paper packaging (e.g., cardboard), composites, textile and plastic.

[0132] Within the scope of the present invention are materials having a coating made from the coating composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, the coating on the materials is at a total dry film thickness of at least 0.001 inches (1 mil), at least 0.002 inches Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0133] (2 mils), at least 0.003 inches (3 mils), at least 0.004 inches (4 mils), at least 0.005 inches (5 mils), at least 0.006 inches (6 mils), at least 0.007 inches (7 mils), at least 0.008 inches (8 mils), at least 0.009 inches (9 mils), at least 0.010 inches (10 mils), at least 0.011 inches (11 mils), at least 0.012 inches (12 mils), at least 0.013 inches (13 mils), at least 0.014 inches (14 mils), at least 0.015 inches (15 mils), at least 0.016 inches (16 mils), at least 0.017 inches (17 mils), at least 0.018 inches (18 mils), at least 0.019 inches (19 mils), at least 0.020 inches (20 mils), at least 0.021 inches (21 mils), at least 0.022 inches (22 mils), at least 0.023 inches (23 mils), at least 0.024 inches (24 mils), at least 0.025 inches (25 mils), at least 0.026 inches (26 mils), at least 0.027 inches (27 mils), at least 0.028 inches (28 mils), at least 0.029 inches (29 mils), at least 0.030 inches (30 mils), at least 0.031 inches (31 mils), at least 0.032 inches (32 mils), at least 0.033 inches (33 mils), at least 0.034 inches (34 mils), at least 0.035 inches (35 mils), at least 0.036 inches (36 mils), at least 0.037 inches (37 mils), at least 0.038 inches (38 mils), at least 0.039 inches (39 mils), at least 0.040 inches (40 mils), at least 0.050 inches (50 mils), at least 0.060 inches (60 mils), at least 0.070 inches (70 mils), at least 0.080 inches (80 mils), at least 0.090 inches (90 mils), or at least 0.100 inches (100 mils). Overall, the total thickness may be at most 0.500 inches (500 mils), at most 0.400 inches (400 mils), at most 0.300 inches (300 mils), at most 0.250 inches (250 mils), at most 0.200 inches (200 mils), at most 0.150 inches (150 mils), at most 0.100 inches (100 mils), at most 0.090 inches (90 mils), at most 0.080 inches (80 mils), at most 0.070 inches (70 mils), at most 0.060 inches (60 mils), at most 0.050 inches (50 mils), at most 0.049 inches (49 mils), at most 0.048 inches (48 mils), at most 0.047 inches (47 mils), at most 0.046 inches (46 mils), at most 0.045 inches (45 mils), at most 0.044 inches (44 mils), at most 0.043 inches (43 mils), at most 0.042 inches (42 mils), at most 0.041 inches (41 mils), at most 0.040 inches (40 mils), at most 0.039 inches (39 mils), at most 0.038 inches (38 mils), at most 0.037 inches (37 mils), at most 0.036 inches (36 mils), at most 0.035 inches (35 mils), at most 0.034 inches (34 mils), at most 0.033 inches (33 mils), Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 at most 0.032 inches (32 mils), at most 0.031 inches (31 mils), or at most 0.030 inches (30 mils). Ranges and sub-ranges based on a selection of a lower limit and an upper limit from the foregoing are included in the present invention. Exemplary thickness ranges include coating thicknesses of from 0.001 to 0.500 inches (1 - 500 mils), from 0.002 to 0.250 inches (2 - 250 mils), from 0.003 to 0.200 inches (3 - 200 mils), from 0.004 to 0.100 inches (4 to 100 mils), from 0.005 to 0.050 inches (5 to 50 mils) or from 0.010 to 0.040 inches (10 to 40 mils).

[0134] Therefore, within the scope of the present invention is a material having a coating as defined that has low or is free from volatile organic compounds and the thickness has at least 24 wt% of the bio-based component based on the total solids content of the coating.

[0135] Benefits of the

[0136] In some embodiments, the coating composition of the present invention provides one or more of the following advantages over conventional roof coatings:

[0137] • Environmentally friendly: The coating is water-based and incorporates biobased materials, minimizing VOC emissions and reliance on petroleum-based resources.

[0138] • Durable: The unique combination of components results in a surprisingly durable coating that resists cracking, peeling, and weathering.

[0139] • High performance: The coating provides excellent weather resistance, UV protection, and reflectivity, contributing to energy savings and prolonged roof lifespan.

[0140] • Easy application: The coating can be applied using conventional methods and equipment.

[0141] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include:

[0142] [1] A coating composition comprising: Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 a water-based resin; a bio-based starch; a primary pigment; and a transition metal.

[0143] [2] The coating composition of [1], further comprising a solvent.

[0144] [3] The coating composition of [2], wherein the solvent has low volatile organic compounds content.

[0145] [4] The coating composition of [2] or [3], wherein the solvent is free of volatile organic compounds.

[0146] [5] The coating composition of any of [2] - [4], wherein the solvent is water.

[0147] [6] The coating composition of any of [1] - [5], wherein the coating composition has low volatile organic compounds content.

[0148] [7] The coating composition of any of [1] - [6], wherein the coating composition is free of volatile organic compounds.

[0149] [8] The coating composition of any of [1] - [7], wherein the composition has a pH ranging from 6.0 to 8.0.

[0150] [9] The coating composition of any of [1] - [8], wherein the composition has a dynamic viscosity at 25°C ranging from 800 to 4000 cps.

[0151]

[0010] The coating composition of any of [1] - [9], wherein the water-based resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of an epoxy resin, an alkyd resin, an alkyd emulsion, a polyester resin, a polyurethan resin, a polybutadiene-based resin, a vinyl acetate emulsion, a latex, an electrophoretic deposition resin, a hybrid resin, and a resin with high bio-based or renewable content. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0152]

[0011] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0010] , wherein the water-based resin is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, a styrene- acrylic resin, and a polyurethane dispersion.

[0153]

[0012] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0011] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 50 to 70 wt% of the water-based resin.

[0154]

[0013] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0012] , wherein the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of acorn squash starch, arrowroot starch, barley starch, butternut squash starch, cassava starch, corn starch (maize starch), manioc starch, lentil starch, lima bean starch, oat starch, pea starch, potato starch, rice starch, sorghum starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch, and white potato starch.

[0155]

[0014] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0013] , wherein the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of corn starch, potato starch, and wheat starch.

[0156]

[0015] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0014] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 10 to 30 wt% of the bio-based starch.

[0157]

[0016] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0015] , wherein the primary pigment is at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, lithopone, a hydrous clay, a precipitated barium sulphate, a precipitated calcium carbonate, and a calcined clay.

[0158]

[0017] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0016] , wherein the primary pigment is titanium oxide.

[0159]

[0018] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0017] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 10 to 20 wt% of the primary pigment.

[0160]

[0019] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0018] , wherein the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0161]

[0020] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0019] , wherein the transition metal is at least one transition metal complex and the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium.

[0162]

[0021] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0020] , wherein the transition metal is zinc or copper.

[0163]

[0022] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0021] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 1 to 5 wt% of the transition metal.

[0164]

[0023] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0022] , further comprising an additive and said additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of a promoter, defoamer, a thickener, a rheology modifier, an emulsifier, dyes, a secondary pigment, an antimicrobial agent, a nanotube, a microcarrier, a curative agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a plasticizer, a filler, reinforcements, a chain extender, a crosslinker, a UV light stabilizer, an antioxidant, an air release agent, and an adhesion promoter.

[0165]

[0024] The coating composition of any of [1] -

[0023] , wherein the coating composition comprises 10 to 95 wt% of a bio-based component.

[0166]

[0025] A kit comprising, the coating composition of any one of [1] -

[0024] together with instructions for use thereof.

[0167]

[0026] The kit of

[0025] , further comprising one or more separately packaged additives selected from the group consisting of a promoter, defoamer, a thickener, a rheology modifier, an emulsifier, dyes, a secondary pigment, an antimicrobial agent, a nanotube, a microcarrier, a curative agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a plasticizer, a filler, reinforcements, a chain extender, a crosslinker, a UV light stabilizer, an antioxidant, an air release agent, and an adhesion promoter. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0168]

[0027] The kit of

[0025] -

[0026] , wherein the coating composition is contained in a delivery device.

[0169]

[0028] A method of making a coating composition, comprising stirring, shaking, or agitating a water-based resin, a bio-based starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal, and, optionally a solvent for a time and under conditions sufficient to blend the water-based resin, the bio-based starch, the primary pigment, the transition metal, and, optionally the solvent to substantial homogeneity thus forming the coating composition.

[0170]

[0029] The method of

[0028] , wherein the solvent is present.

[0171]

[0030] The method of

[0029] , wherein the solvent has low volatile organic compounds content.

[0172]

[0031] The method of

[0029] or

[0030] , wherein the solvent is free of volatile organic compounds.

[0173]

[0032] The method of any of

[0029] -

[0031] , wherein the solvent is water.

[0174]

[0033] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0032] , wherein the coating composition has low volatile organic compounds content.

[0175]

[0034] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0033] , wherein the coating composition is free of volatile organic compounds.

[0176]

[0035] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0034] , wherein the composition has a pH ranging from 6.0 to 8.0.

[0177]

[0036] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0035] , wherein the composition has a dynamic viscosity at 25°C ranging from 800 to 4000 cps.

[0178]

[0037] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0036] , wherein the water-based resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of an epoxy resin, an alkyd resin, an alkyd emulsion, a polyester resin, a polyurethan resin, a polybutadiene-based resin, a vinyl acetate emulsion, a Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 latex, an electrophoretic deposition resin, a hybrid resin, and a resin with high bio-based or renewable content.

[0179]

[0038] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0037] , wherein the water-based resin is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, a styrene- acrylic resin, and a polyurethane dispersion.

[0180]

[0039] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0038] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 50 to 70 wt% of the water-based resin.

[0181]

[0040] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0039] , wherein the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of acorn squash starch, arrowroot starch, barley starch, butternut squash starch, cassava starch, corn starch (maize starch), manioc starch, lentil starch, lima bean starch, oat starch, pea starch, potato starch, rice starch, sorghum starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch, and white potato starch.

[0182]

[0041] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0040] , wherein the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of corn starch, potato starch, and wheat starch.

[0183]

[0042] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0041] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 10 to 30 wt% of the bio-based starch.

[0184]

[0043] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0042] , wherein the primary pigment is at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, lithopone, a hydrous clay, a precipitated barium sulphate, a precipitated calcium carbonate, and a calcined clay.

[0185]

[0044] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0043] , wherein the primary pigment is titanium oxide.

[0186]

[0045] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0044] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 10 to 20 wt% of the primary pigment.

[0187]

[0046] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0045] , wherein the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0188]

[0047] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0046] , wherein the transition metal is at least one transition metal complex and the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium.

[0189]

[0048] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0047] , wherein the transition metal is zinc or copper.

[0190]

[0049] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0048] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 1 to 5 wt% of the transition metal.

[0191]

[0050] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0049] , further comprising an additive and said additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of a promoter, defoamer, a thickener, a rheology modifier, an emulsifier, dyes, a secondary pigment, an antimicrobial agent, a nanotube, a microcarrier, a curative agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a plasticizer, a filler, reinforcements, a chain extender, a crosslinker, a UV light stabilizer, an antioxidant, an air release agent, and an adhesion promoter.

[0192]

[0051] The method of any of

[0028] -

[0050] , wherein the coating composition comprises 10 to 95 wt% of a bio-based component.

[0193]

[0052] A method of coating a surface of a material by:

[0194] (1) applying a layer of a coating composition comprising a water-based resin, a biobased starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal, and, optionally a solvent and, optionally, one or more additives to a surface of a material, wherein the material, and

[0195] (2) allowing the coating composition to cure.

[0196]

[0053] The method of

[0052] , wherein (1) and (2) are repeated to form layers of the coating composition.

[0197]

[0054] The method of

[0053] , wherein there are 2 to 5 layers.

[0198]

[0055] The method of any one of

[0052] -

[0054] , wherein the total thickness of the coating composition after said applying ranges from 1 to 500 mils. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0199]

[0056] The method of any one of

[0052] -

[0055] , wherein the total thickness of the coating composition after said applying ranges from 5 to 50 mils.

[0200]

[0057] The method of any one of

[0052] -

[0056] , wherein said allowing the coating composition to cure is at ambient temperature.

[0201]

[0058] The method of any one of

[0052] -

[0057] , wherein the solvent is present.

[0202]

[0059] The method of

[0058] , wherein the solvent has low volatile organic compounds content.

[0203]

[0060] The method of

[0058] or

[0059] , wherein the solvent is free of volatile organic compounds.

[0204]

[0061] The method of any of

[0058] -

[0060] , wherein the solvent is water.

[0205]

[0062] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0061] , wherein the coating composition has low volatile organic compounds content.

[0206]

[0063] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0062] , wherein the coating composition is free of volatile organic compounds.

[0207]

[0064] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0063] , wherein the composition has a pH ranging from 6.0 to 8.0.

[0208]

[0065] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0064] , wherein the composition has a dynamic viscosity at 25°C ranging from 800 to 4000 cps.

[0209]

[0066] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0065] , wherein the water-based resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of an epoxy resin, an alkyd resin, an alkyd emulsion, a polyester resin, a polyurethan resin, a polybutadiene-based resin, a vinyl acetate emulsion, a latex, an electrophoretic deposition resin, a hybrid resin, and a resin with high bio-based or renewable content.

[0210]

[0067] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0066] , herein the water-based resin is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, a styrene- acrylic resin, and a polyurethane dispersion. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0211]

[0068] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0067] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 50 to 70 wt% of the water-based resin.

[0212]

[0069] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0068] , wherein the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of acorn squash starch, arrowroot starch, barley starch, butternut squash starch, cassava starch, corn starch (maize starch), manioc starch, lentil starch, lima bean starch, oat starch, pea starch, potato starch, rice starch, sorghum starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch, and white potato starch.

[0213]

[0070] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0069] , wherein the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of corn starch, potato starch, and wheat starch.

[0214]

[0071] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0070] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 10 to 30 wt% of the bio-based starch.

[0215]

[0072] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0071] , wherein the primary pigment is at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, lithopone, a hydrous clay, a precipitated barium sulphate, a precipitated calcium carbonate, and a calcined clay.

[0216]

[0073] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0072] , wherein the primary pigment is titanium oxide.

[0217]

[0074] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0073] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 10 to 20 wt% of the primary pigment.

[0218]

[0075] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0074] , wherein the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium.

[0219]

[0076] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0075] , wherein the transition metal is at least one transition metal complex and the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium.

[0220]

[0077] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0076] , wherein the transition metal is zinc or copper. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0221]

[0078] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0077] , wherein the coating composition comprises from 1 to 5 wt% of the transition metal.

[0222]

[0079] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0078] , further comprising an additive and said additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of a promoter, defoamer, a thickener, a rheology modifier, an emulsifier, dyes, a secondary pigment, an antimicrobial agent, a nanotube, a microcarrier, a curative agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a plasticizer, a filler, reinforcements, a chain extender, and a crosslinker.

[0223]

[0080] The method of any of

[0052] -

[0079] , wherein the coating composition comprises 10 to 95 wt% of a bio-based component.

[0224]

[0081] A coated material wherein a surface of a material has a coating of a cured product of a coating composition comprising a water-based resin, a bio-based starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal.

[0225]

[0082] The coated material of

[0081] , wherein the coating has at least 10 wt% of bio-based components based on the total solids content of the coating.

[0226]

[0083] The material construct of

[0081] or

[0082] , wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of asphalt shingles, metal roofs, concrete roofs, and concrete tiles.

[0227]

[0084] The material construct of any one of

[0081] -

[0083] , wherein the total thickness of the coating ranges from 1 to 500 mils.

[0228]

[0085] The material construct of any one of

[0081] -

[0084] , wherein the total thickness of the coating ranges from 5 to 50 mils.

[0229]

[0086] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0085] , wherein the coating has low volatile organic compounds content.

[0230]

[0087] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0086] , wherein the coating is free of volatile organic compounds. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0231]

[0088] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0087] , wherein the water-based resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of an epoxy resin, an alkyd resin, an alkyd emulsion, a polyester resin, a polyurethan resin, a polybutadiene-based resin, a vinyl acetate emulsion, a latex, an electrophoretic deposition resin, a hybrid resin, and a resin with high bio-based or renewable content.

[0232]

[0089] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0088] , wherein the water-based resin is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, a styrene- acrylic resin, and a polyurethane dispersion.

[0233]

[0090] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0089] , wherein the coating comprises from 50 to 70 wt% of the water-based resin.

[0234]

[0091] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0090] , wherein the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of acorn squash starch, arrowroot starch, barley starch, butternut squash starch, cassava starch, corn starch (maize starch), manioc starch, lentil starch, lima bean starch, oat starch, pea starch, potato starch, rice starch, sorghum starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch, and white potato starch.

[0235]

[0092] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0091] , wherein the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of corn starch, potato starch, and wheat starch.

[0236]

[0093] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0092] , wherein the coating comprises from 10 to 30 wt% of the bio-based starch.

[0237]

[0094] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0093] , wherein the primary pigment is at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, lithopone, a hydrous clay, a precipitated barium sulphate, a precipitated calcium carbonate, and a calcined clay.

[0238]

[0095] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0094] , wherein the primary pigment is titanium oxide. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0239]

[0096] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0095] , wherein the coating comprises from

[0240] 10 to 20 wt% of the primary pigment.

[0241]

[0097] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0096] , wherein the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium.

[0242]

[0098] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0097] , wherein the transition metal is at least one transition metal complex and the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium.

[0243]

[0099] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0098] , wherein the transition metal is zinc or copper.

[0244]

[0100] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0099] , wherein the coating comprises from 1 to 5 wt% of the transition metal.

[0245]

[0101] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0100] , further comprising an additive and said additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of a promoter, defoamer, a thickener, a rheology modifier, an emulsifier, dyes, a secondary pigment, an antimicrobial agent, a nanotube, a microcarrier, a curative agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a plasticizer, a filler, reinforcements, a solvent, a chain extender, and a crosslinker.

[0246]

[0102] The material construct of any of

[0081] -

[0101] , wherein the coating comprises 10 to 95 wt% of a bio-based component.

[0247] In the context of the present description, all publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein, if not otherwise indicated, are explicitly incorporated by reference herein in their entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth, and shall be considered part of the present disclosure in their entirety. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0248] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

[0249] The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others or ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0250] Except where expressly noted, trademarks are shown in upper case.

[0251] Unless stated otherwise, all percentages, parts, ratios, etc., are by weight.

[0252] When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as a range, or a list of upper and lower values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper and lower range limits, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. Where a range of numerical values is recited herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended that the scope of the present disclosure be limited to the specific values recited when defining a range. Further, where a numerical limit or range is stated herein, the endpoints are included. Also, all values and subranges within a numerical limit or range are specifically included as if explicitly written out.

[0253] Further, unless otherwise explicitly stated to the contrary, when one or multiple ranges or lists of items are provided, this is to be understood as explicitly disclosing any Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 single stated value or item in such range or list, and any combination thereof with any other individual value or item in the same or any other list.

[0254] When the term “about” is used, it is used to mean a certain effect or result can be obtained within a certain tolerance, and the skilled person knows how to obtain the tolerance. When the term "about" is used in describing a value or an end-point of a range, the disclosure should be understood to include the specific value or end-point referred to.

[0255] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0256] The transitional phrase "consisting of" excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim, closing the claim to the inclusion of materials other than those recited except for impurities ordinarily associated therewith. When the phrase "consists of" appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

[0257] The transitional phrase "consisting essentially of" limits the scope of a claim to the specified materials or steps and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. A “consisting essentially of’ claim occupies a middle ground between closed claims that are written in a “consisting of’ format and fully open claims that are drafted in a “comprising” format. Optional additives as defined herein, at a level that is appropriate for such additives, and minor impurities are not excluded from a composition by the term “consisting essentially of’. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0258] As used herein, an "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic is included in at least one or more manifestations, examples, or implementations of this invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art. Combinations of features of different embodiments are all meant to be within the scope of the invention, without the need for explicitly describing every possible permutation by example. Thus, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0259] Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “and / or” refers to an inclusive and not to an exclusive. Thus, “and / or” should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, e.g., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. For example, a condition A and / or B, is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0260] The use of "a" or "an" to describe the various elements and components herein is merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the disclosure. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise. Similarly, the adjective “another,” when used to introduce an element, is intended to mean one or more elements. The terms “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive such that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

[0261] The above written description of the invention provides a manner and process of making and using it such that any person skilled in this art is enabled to make and use the same, this enablement being provided in particular for the subject matter of the appended claims, which make up a part of the original description. Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61

[0262] As used herein, the phrases “selected from the group consisting of,” “chosen from,” and the like include mixtures of the specified materials.

[0263] The above written description of the invention provides a manner and process of making and using it such that any person skilled in this art is enabled to make and use the same, this enablement being provided in particular for the subject matter of the appended claims, which make up a part of the original description.

[0264] Although this invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it is to be understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of illustration and that numerous changes in the details of construction and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.

[0265] The above description is presented to enable a person skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, this invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the accompanying claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

[0266] Numerous modifications and variations on the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the accompanying claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

Claims

Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61CLAIMSWhat we claim is1. A coating composition comprising: a water-based resin; a bio-based starch; a primary pigment; and a transition metal.

2. The coating composition of claim 1, further comprising a solvent.

3. The coating composition of claim 2, wherein the solvent is free of or has low volatile organic compounds content.

4. The coating composition of claim 2, wherein the solvent is water.

5. The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition has low volatile organic compounds content.

6. The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition is free of volatile organic compounds.

7. The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition comprises from 50 to 70 wt% of the water-based resin and the water-based resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of an epoxy resin, an alkyd resin, an alkyd emulsion, a polyester resin, a polyurethan resin, a polybutadiene-based resin, a vinyl acetate emulsion, a latex, anAttorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 61 electrophoretic deposition resin, a hybrid resin, and a resin with high bio-based or renewable content.

8. The coating composition of claim 7, wherein the water-based resin is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, a styrene- acrylic resin, and a polyurethane dispersion.

9. The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition comprises from 10 to 30 wt% of the bio-based starch and the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of acorn squash starch, arrowroot starch, barley starch, butternut squash starch, cassava starch, com starch, manioc starch, lentil starch, lima bean starch, oat starch, pea starch, potato starch, rice starch, sorghum starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch, and white potato starch.

10. The coating composition of claim 9, wherein the bio-based starch is at least one selected from the group consisting of corn starch, potato starch, and wheat starch.

11. The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition comprises from 10 to 20 wt% of the primary pigment and the primary pigment is at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, lithopone, a hydrous clay, a precipitated barium sulphate, a precipitated calcium carbonate, and a calcined clay.

12. The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition comprises 1 to 5 wt% of the transition metal and the transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, iron, cobalt, palladium, gold, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, rhenium, and iridium.Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 6113. The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition comprises from 50 to 70 wt% of the water-based resin, from 10 to 30 wt% of the bio-based starch, and from 10 to 20 wt% of the primary pigment, and from 1 to 5 wt% of the transition metal.

14. The coating composition of claim 1, further comprising an additive and said additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of a promoter, defoamer, a thickener, a rheology modifier, an emulsifier, dyes, a secondary pigment, an antimicrobial agent, a nanotube, a microcarrier, a curative agent, a catalyst, a surfactant, a plasticizer, a filler, reinforcements, a chain extender, a crosslinker, a UV light stabilizer, an antioxidant, an air release agent, and an adhesion promoter.

15. The coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition comprises 10 to 95 wt% of a bio-based component.

16. A method of making a coating composition, comprising stirring, shaking, or agitating a water-based resin, a bio-based starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal, and, optionally a solvent for a time and under conditions sufficient to blend the water-based resin, the bio-based starch, the primary pigment, the transition metal, and, optionally the solvent to substantial homogeneity thus forming the coating composition.

17. A coated material wherein a surface of a material has a coating of a cured product of a coating composition comprising a water-based resin, a bio-based starch, a primary pigment, a transition metal.Attorney Docket No. BIOB-14 / 01WO 40787 / 6118. The material construct of claim 17, wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of asphalt shingles, metal roofs, concrete roofs, and concrete tiles.

19. The material construct of claim 17, wherein the total thickness of the coating ranges from 1 to 500 mils and comprises at least 24 wt% of bio-based materials based on the total solids content of the coating.

20. The material construct of claim 17, wherein the total thickness of the coating ranges from 5 to 50 mils and comprises at least 24 wt% of bio-based materials based on the total solids content of the coating.

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