Cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant
The cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant addresses the inefficiencies of existing systems by using a Paradox membrane and hydraulic system to cyclically raise and lower water, producing a continuous and efficient supply of clean electricity.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- AU · AU
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- PERO RAVLIC
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-23
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD The subject invention relates to a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. It is a closed hydroelectric power plant in which a limited amount of water circulates, and the process repeats cyclically. In addition, it is about raising water to a higher level for any purpose. BACKGROUND ART Due to its purity, electricity is a perfect form of energy. For this reason, it is treated as an ideal solution for meeting human needs for energy. The demand for electricity is enormous, but the existing solutions for producing electricity provide only a smaller part of the total need. In addition, in as short a time as possible, electrical energy should replace all other impure energy forms in use. This fact further emphasizes the enormous need for electricity. Much effort has been invested in finding quality solutions in this area, but so far, without much success. In the attempts, I include my two patent applications that did nothing significant in the field of hydroelectric power plants. Meanwhile, I realized I had overlooked a key detail that completely changed everything. This is why I decided to write this new patent application, which I will explain below. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION I will divide this chapter as follows. In point 1,1 will explain in detail the basic solution of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. In points 2 and 3,1 will explain the second and third solutions of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. These are two solutions that have the hydraulic system. In point 4,1 will explain the solution without a hydraulic system. In the chapter "Best mode for carrying out the invention," I will explain the 5th solution of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. This cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant does not have a hydraulic system. 1.) The basic solution of a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant At the very beginning, I will explain the essence of the matter. An explanation of the imagined situation follows. In a vessel of a characteristic shape, a smaller amount of water can cause greater pressure on the bottom of the vessel than the weight of the water in the vessel itself. An example is a vessel with a larger cross-sectional area or diameter in the lower part and a smaller cross-sectional area or diameter in the upper part. This characteristic shape of the vessel is at the center of attention until the end of the explanation. As an example, the lower part of the vessel has the shape of a cuboid. The internal dimensions of the lower part of the vessel are: length is 10 meters, width is 10 meters, height is 1 meter. The upper part of the vessel is a vertical tube 100 meters long and 250 millimeters in diameter, for example. This combined vessel is filled to the top with water. The total hydrostatic pressure on the bottom of the vessel is 10,000 tons. In other words, the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the vessel is 100 tons per square meter. The amount of water in the upper part of the vessel is 4,9 cubic meters of water, which is a weight of 4,9 tons. In this case, the total load of water in the combined vessel of 104,9 tons caused hydrostatic pressure on the bottom of the vessel of 10,000 tons. Now, I'm going to change this whole situation a bit. I will slightly increase the height of the lower part of the combined vessel. I will put a weighing scale on the bottom of this new vessel. I will put a horizontal, vertically movable watertight membrane on the weighing scale. In the following, I will call this membrane the Paradox membrane. I will assume that the weight of the Paradox membrane is 10 tons. The paradox membrane is placed exactly where the bottom of the first vessel was. This means the combined water column remained unchanged compared to the previous situation. The Paradox membrane is loaded with the previously described combined water column from the upper side. The question is what happens on the upper side of the Paradox membrane and what happens on the lower side. The same hydrostatic pressure that previously acted on the bottom of the combined vessel now acts on the Paradox membrane from the upper side. A hydrostatic pressure of 100 tons per square meter acts on the Paradox membrane from the top. And what about the underside of the membrane? What does the weighing scale on which the Paradox membrane lies show? The weighing scale shows that it is loaded with a load of 114.9 tons. This load is the sum of the weight of the combined water column and the Paradox membrane. The weighing scale is the instrument based on which I draw a conclusion, which is the essence of this idea of mine. The hydrostatic pressure acting on the Paradox membrane from the upper side is not transferred to the lower side of the membrane. Based on this key fact, I will construct a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant in the following. The shape of the combined vessel, the natural properties of water, and the Paradox membrane are key to the operation of this hydroelectric power plant. The Paradox membrane in a simple closed system, which I will explain below, is a means that enables the production of an unlimited amount of pure electrical energy. A cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is a closed system in which clean electricity is produced in the complete sense of the word. The essence of this hydroelectric power plant is to replace the previously mentioned weighing scale with a hydraulic lifting system. The goal of the process in the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is to raise a significant amount of water to a significantly higher level using the Paradox membrane in the combined vessel. I will divide the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant into two parts. In the first part, the first phase of the process is performed. In the first phase, a significant amount of water is raised from a lower level to a great height. The second phase of the process is performed in the second part of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. In the second phase, the raised water descends from a great height through a pipe, passes through a water turbine, and collects in a basin below the hydro turbine. After completing the first phase of the process, the system is filled with water from the pool. Another possibility is that the raised water collects at the top, under the vertical long pipe's opening. After completing the first stage of the process, the raised water descends through the hydraulic pipe in a continuous water column, passes through the hydro turbine under pressure, and directly fills the system. In any case, a smaller or larger water tank is under the opening at the top of the vertical long pipe. In filling the system, the space of the lower part of the combined vessel above the Paradox membrane is filled. Before filling the system, the regulating valve at the bottom of the upper part of the combined vessel, i.e., at the bottom of the vertical long pipe, is closed. The raised water descends from a great height through the pipe in a continuous water column. This ensures maximum utilization of the energy of the water raised to a higher level. There is nothing important to add to this short and simple explanation of the second stage of the process for the basic solution of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. This procedure is continuously repeated cyclically. This is why this hydroelectric power plant is called a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. The first part of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is a large-sized combined vessel composed of a lower and an upper part. This combined vessel is mainly identical to the previously described combined vessel. The lower part has a significantly larger cross-section than the upper part and is many times smaller in height than the upper part. The shape of the lower part is a regular geometric body, for example, a cuboid, an upright cylinder, or some other shape. Continuing the explanation, I will assume that the lower part is a cuboid. The lower and upper surfaces of the cuboid are in a horizontal position, and the four remaining surfaces are in a vertical position. The horizontality and verticality of the combined vessel's lower part are prerequisites that must be met for the process in the lower part to function successfully. The cuboid's length and the cuboid's width are 10 meters. The hydraulic system rests on the horizontal base plate of the lower part of the combined vessel. The hydraulic system consists of a hydraulic platform that rests on vertical columns. The columns of the hydraulic system lie on a horizontal base plate. The height of the columns is, for example, 2.5 meters. This way, human access to the space under the hydraulic platform is enabled for any purpose. The Paradox membrane lies on the hydraulic system's platform. Above the Paradox membrane is a water column 10 meters long, 10 meters wide, and 1 meter high. The total height of the lower part of the combined vessel is the sum of the height of three parts: the hydraulic system's height, the thickness of the Paradox membrane, and the water column of 1-meter- height. A vertical long pipe with a diameter of, for example, 250 millimeters and a height of 100 meters is connected to the upper surface of the combined vessel's lower part. A little above the junction of the lower and upper parts of the combined vessel on the vertical long pipe, there is a regulation valve. As a rule, the upper pipe is always filled to the top with water. For a simpler understanding of the first part of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant, I will list its basic parts from the lowest level to the top. On the lower surface of the lower part of the combined vessel is a hydraulic lifting system. On the platform of the hydraulic system lies a horizontal, vertically movable, watertight Paradox membrane. Above the Paradox membrane is a 1-meter-high water column that loads the membrane evenly over the entire surface. This water column fills the space of the lower part of the combined vessel from the Paradox membrane to the upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel. A vertical long tube is connected to the upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel. At the bottom of the vertical long pipe, just above the junction of the lower and upper parts of the combined vessel, there is a regulation valve. These are the basic parts of the first part of the simplest cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. The first phase of the process looks like this. The columns of the hydraulic system rest on the basic horizontal plate of the lower part of the combined vessel, The hydraulic platform is lowered to the lowest initial working level. The Paradox membrane lies on the platform of the hydraulic system. The process begins by opening the control valve on the vertical long tube. By opening the control valve, a continuous combined water column is formed, composed of a water column in the lower part of the combined vessel and a water column in the upper part of the combined vessel. Pressurized oil fills the cylinders of the hydraulic platform. This causes a gradual vertical lifting of the hydraulic system's platform. The hydraulic system platform lifts the Paradox membrane. The Paradox membrane rises vertically upwards and lifts the combined water column above it. The lifting of the Paradox membrane causes the water to be forced out of the lower part of the combined vessel into the upper long vertical pipe. Raising the hydraulic system and the Paradox membrane results in water outflow from the system at the top of the vertical long pipe. Raising the platform of the hydraulic system and the Paradox membrane by one meter causes the displacement of 100 cubic meters of water from the lower part of the combined vessel. The water is raised through a vertical long pipe to a height of 100 meters. At the top of the vertical long pipe, the water flows out of the system. After raising the hydraulic system and the Paradox membrane, the regulating valve at the bottom of the vertical long pipe closes. On the upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel, an opening opens to fill the system with water. The pressure from the hydraulic system is released. Due to its weight, the hydraulic system platform and the Paradox membrane descend vertically downwards. Water fills the space of the lower part of the combined vessel above the Paradox membrane and evenly loads the Paradox membrane over the entire surface. The water column above the Paradox membrane additionally causes its vertical descent as well as the descent of the hydraulic system platform. After the hydraulic system and the Paradox membrane are lower to the initial operating position and the system is filled with water, the system filling opening on the upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel closes. The system is prepared for a new lift cycle. Follows the calculation of the energy value of one cycle of a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. The maximum load the hydraulic system lifts at the beginning of the lifting phase is 114.9 tons. The approximate energy value of one lifting cycle is 24 kWh. Losses per cycle are the energy required to lift the hydraulic system's platform by one meter and the energy needed to perform other actions. The formula for potential energy gives the theoretical amount of energy required to raise a load of a certain weight to a certain height. This simple calculation is for orientation. To lift a load weighing 1 ton to a height of 1 meter, an amount of energy of 0.002724 kWh is consumed. Considering that the weight of the load lifted by the hydraulic system decreases during the lifting process, I will assume that the average weight of the load lifted by the hydraulic system is 65.4 tons. To lift a load weighing 65,4 tons to a height of 1 meter, an amount of energy of 0.178 kWh is consumed. This example clearly shows the energy value of one cycle of a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. I will mention four important details related to lifting the load, which is carried out using the hydraulic system. First, since raising and lowering the hydraulic system is cyclically repeated, it is logical to load it with a smaller load. It should be remembered that after each cycle comes the next one. Secondly, the total load lifted by the hydraulic system is reduced during the lifting process. The hydraulic system lifts the maximum load at the beginning and the minimum load at the end of the 5 process. This is because lifting the hydraulic system causes water to flow out of the system at the top of the long vertical pipe. These two important facts should be considered when designing any cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. Thirdly, the fact that the hydraulic system lifts the load vertically upwards significantly facilitates the fulfillment of the two most essential prerequisites for the successful functioning of the process: vertical lifting and lowering of the hydraulic system and vertical lifting and 10 lowering of the Paradox membrane. Fourthly, the hydraulic system is evenly loaded for the entire lifting and lowering process duration. This factor naturally strongly contributes to the requirement that the hydraulic system and the Paradox membrane do not tilt to the side during the process. A few words about water follow. Of all the properties of water, I will highlight two. The first property is that water takes the shape of the vessel it is located in. This feature contributes to the fact that due to the 15 drastically smaller cross-sectional area of the upper part compared to the lower part of the combined vessel, the water rises at a height of 100 meters. The cross-sectional area of the upper pipe should be just enough to not interfere with the process during the lifting phase. By choosing the minimum crosssection of the upper vertical pipe, the hydraulic system is minimally loaded during the lifting process, and the system functions flawlessly. The second property says that the tangential stress in water equals 20 zero. In other words, there are no tangential stresses in water. I will highlight three consequences of this natural property of water. The first property that has already been mentioned is that water takes the shape of the vessel in which it is located. Another property is that the water can be directed in any direction. This property enables water to be raised at a height of 100 meters. The third important fact is that, due to all the properties of water, the hydro turbine has the highest utilization coefficient 25 compared to all other energy converters. Explanation of the combined vessel, the Paradox membrane, and the hydraulic system. Combined vessel Three key factors enable the functioning of any cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant: the shape of the combined vessel, the Paradox membrane, and the natural properties of water. The characteristic 30 shape of the combined vessel is the only detail from the hydrostatic paradox that can be usefully used, and I did just that. The Paradox membrane I gave the Paradox membrane that name because it is located in the lower part of the combined vessel. Its specific purpose is to lift the combined water column in the combined vessel. The watertight Paradox 35 membrane moves vertically up and down in the lower part of the combined vessel. When it moves upwards, it lifts the water above the membrane to a higher level. In doing so, the natural properties of water are used. The Paradox membrane lies on the platform of the hydraulic system. It continuously maintains a horizontal position in the process of raising and lowering. A paradox membrane is a rigid horizontal steel plate that is structurally reinforced. The purpose of the reinforcement is to make the 40 membrane rigid. If the Paradox membrane were elastic, there is a possibility that it would not meet the water-tightness requirement in the process. The shape of the Paradox membrane is adapted to the vertical walls of the lower part of the combined vessel. A small segment of a square tube with a height of, for example, 200 millimeters is installed on the outer edge (periphery) of the Paradox membrane. If the lower part of the combined vessel has the shape of an upright cylinder instead of a square pipe 45 segment, a ring would be installed on the edge of the membrane. The cross-section of the square tube segment is minimally smaller than the internal cross-section of the lower part of the combined vessel. A seal is installed on the outer vertical wall of the segment or on the vertical walls of the lower part of the combined vessel. A more practical and simpler solution is installing the seal on the outer wall of the square segment of the Paradox membrane. Because of this, I will ignore the second solution in continuing the explanation. Through the seal, the Paradox membrane and the vertical walls of the lower part of the combined vessel are in continuous contact for the entire process, both raising and lowering. The primary condition that the Paradox membrane must meet in the process is, above all, watertightness. To fulfill this condition, it is necessary that the Paradox membrane continuously maintains a horizontal position in the process. Continuous maintenance of the horizontal position of the Paradox membrane in the process is another condition that must be met for the process to be successful. The vertical walls of the lower part of the combined vessel, with which the seal is continuously in contact during the process, should be designed so that the friction between the seal and the vertical walls is minimal and that the seal wears as little as possible. In solutions without a hydraulic system, each membrane must have openings. In the "Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention" solution, openings exist on both the membrane in the simple vessel and the Paradox membrane in the combined vessel. The purpose of the opening on the membrane in a simple vessel is to allow the membrane to be lifted to the initial position. The purpose of the openings on the Paradox membrane is to allow the membrane to be lowered to the initial position, tn the phase of raising the water to a higher level, the openings are sealed watertight on both membranes. In the phase of returning the membranes to their initial position, the openings on both membranes are opened. The hydraulic system The primary function of the hydraulic system is to vertically lift the load that loads it from the upper side. After vertical lifting, the pressure in the hydraulic system is released. The hydraulic system lowers to the initial position. All the details related to the hydraulic system are essential, but I especially want to emphasize the importance of vertical lifting and lowering of the hydraulic system. This condition must be met for the entire process to function without obstacles and problems for a long time. The hydraulic system that lifts the Paradox membrane is adapted to the shape and size of the Paradox membrane, as well as the height of the water column above the Paradox membrane in the lower part of the combined vessel. The most important factors that determine the characteristics of the hydraulic system are the size of the load lifted in the process, the lifting height, and the cross-section of the lower part of the combined vessel. Hydraulic systems and synchronization of hydraulic cylinders is a task for experts in this field. I will mention three practical hydraulic system solutions for lifting the Paradox membrane. In all three solutions, the hydraulic system's platform (one or more of them) rests on columns, and the columns rest on the horizontal base plate of the lower part of the combined vessel. In the first solution, the platform of the hydraulic system rests on one or more telescopic hydraulic cylinders, and the Paradox membrane lies on the platform. During the lifting process, the telescopic hydraulic cylinders are always under the same pressure and lift evenly. The pressure change in the hydraulic cylinders simultaneously occurs in all cylinders. In this way, the essential condition is fulfilled: the hydraulic platform and the Paradox membrane maintain a horizontal position during the lifting process. The lifting of the telescopic hydraulic cylinders causes the lifting of the hydraulic system platform and the Paradox membrane. Consequently, the height of the water column above the Paradox membrane in the lower part of the combined vessel is reduced. The lifting phase is completed after the telescopic hydraulic cylinders are fully extended. In the second solution, the hydraulic platforms lie on each other, and the Paradox membrane lies on the uppermost platform. The hydraulic platforms are raised vertically, one after the other. The lifting process is complete once all the hydraulic platforms have been raised. The third solution is a complex lifting system consisting of a hydraulic system and a column structure with a platform. The hydraulic system rests on telescopic columns, and the platform of the hydraulic system has the shape of a grating or grid. The column structure with the platform also has telescopic columns. The telescopic columns of the column structure pass through the openings on the hydraulic system platform. On the platform of the hydraulic system lies the platform of the column structure. The telescopic columns of the hydraulic system and the telescopic columns of the column structure rest on the horizontal base surface of the lower part of the combined vessel. The Paradox membrane lies on the column structure's platform, the column structure's platform on the hydraulic system's platform, and the hydraulic system's platform on the hydraulic cylinders. In the lifting process, the hydraulic cylinders lift the platform of the hydraulic system, the column structure, the Paradox membrane, and the combined water column above the Paradox membrane in the combined vessel. After the hydraulic system platform is fully raised, the columns of the column structure are locked. The hydraulic system's pressure is released, and the column structure takes over the load of the Paradox membrane and the combined water column above it. In this way, it is possible to release the hydraulic system, lift it, and place it in a new working position. After release, the telescopic columns of the hydraulic system are raised, the hydraulic system is placed in a new working position, and a new lifting cycle can begin. Within one cycle of a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant, this procedure is repeated as many times as planned. I want to point out some more details. Both phases of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant process can and should be partially or fully automated. The crosssection of the lower part of the combined vessel does not have to be an ideal geometric figure. It is realistic to expect the cross-section will change slightly due to additional structural details. For example, guides can be installed on the vertical sides or vertical edges of the lower part of the combined vessel, which additionally direct the Paradox membrane in the vertical direction. Suppose these guides are installed in the lower part of the combined vessel. In that case, the sealing contact between the guides and the Paradox membrane must be continuously watertight for water above the Paradox membrane. The cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant can function manually, or the energy for the system's functioning is supplied from an external energy source. The third possibility is a combined solution, where in the initial phase when the hydraulic system is the most loaded, the energy required to raise the platform of the hydraulic system is supplied from an external energy source. When the load on the hydraulic system is reduced, the process continues manually. The text so far explains the simplest cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant that functions with the help of a hydraulic system. 2.) Explanation of the second solution of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant The lower part of the combined vessel can be made as a reinforced concrete object, a steel object, or a combination of these options. In this solution, the lower part of the combined vessel is a reinforced concrete object in the shape of a cube or cuboid. In terms of height, the lower part is divided into five identical floors. The verticality and horizontality of the object and all floors are conditions that must be met for the normal functioning of the process. The length of the object is 10 meters, and the width of the object is 10 meters. There is a hydraulic system on the lower surface of each floor. The Paradox membrane lies on the platform of the hydraulic system. The water column from the upper side loads it. The height of the water column at the beginning of the lifting process is the same on all floors. All hydraulic systems and all Paradox membranes are identical. Each floor has an opening on the vertical wall below the upper surface. A pipe is connected to the opening. The pipe extends from the outside of the object and connects to the belonging long vertical pipe. A control valve is above the connection between the opening and the pipe. This is how all openings on all floors were solved. On each floor, there are one or more openings to which pipes are connected. Each floor is connected to one vertical long pipe on the outside through openings and pipes. This is the solution for all floors except the top floor of the cyclic circular hydropower plant. The top floor is made so that a long vertical pipe is connected to the upper surface of the floor. The openings serve both for emptying and for filling the system with water. This cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant consists of more identical independent cyclic circular hydroelectric power plants. To squeeze out almost all the water from the space by lifting the Paradox membrane, it is necessary to partially change the Paradox membrane's shape to adapt it to the openings. In any case, it is possible to modify the Paradox membrane so that almost all water is squeezed out of the space. Perhaps the most practical solution for the openings is that they are rectangular in shape, and the long side of the rectangular opening is in a horizontal position. 3.) Explanation of the third solution of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant The lower part of the combined vessel is a reinforced concrete object in the shape of a cube or cuboid. 5 A hydraulic system and a column structure with a platform are on the base surface of the combined vessel's lower part. The hydraulic system in which the column structure with the platform is installed (embedded) is previously explained in the text. The Paradox membrane lies on the platform of the column structure, and the platform of the column structure lies on the platform of the hydraulic system. Telescopic columns of the hydraulic system and telescopic columns of the column structure rely on the 10 base plate of the lower part of the combined vessel. Above the Paradox membrane is a water column of a height of one meter. This cyclic circular hydroelectric plant's characteristic (specialty) is that it has several Paradox membranes. Above each membrane is the water column, which burdens the membrane on the upper side. 1 will take that in the combined vessel’s lower part are five Paradox membranes and five water columns. Above the fifth-highest water column is the upper horizontal plate 15 of the combined vessel's lower part. The hydraulic system lifts the first lowest Paradox membrane in the lifting phase. The Paradox membrane above it (the second Paradox membrane) in the lifting phase of the hydraulic system is fixed and immovable in its position. It provides resistance to the water column below it and thus directs the water toward the opening on the wall. When all the water is squeezed out of the space between the first and second Paradox membrane, the second Paradox membrane is 20 released. Further lifting of the hydraulic system causes the first and second paradox membranes to rise. The water squeezes out of the space between the second and third Paradox membranes. This procedure repeats until the fifth Paradox membrane. In the last stage of the lifting phase, the hydraulic system lifts the five Paradox membranes and squeezes water from the space between the fifth Paradox membrane and the upper plate of the combined vessel's lower part. Horizontally moving cantilevers 25 hold the Paradox membrane in a fixed position. Through the vertical wall on all four sides, the cantilevers move horizontally into the space of the Paradox membrane. Pushing the cantilevers into the space prevents the membrane from raising or lowering, and pulling them out of the space frees the membrane and allows it to move. Another function of the cantilevers is to carry the Paradox membrane's weight and the water column's weight above the membrane. The cantilevers are a 30 particular detail of this solution and must be appropriately designed for the normal development of the process. The cantilevers are pushed into the space from the top and bottom of the Paradox membrane. The cantilevers above the Paradox membrane prevent the membrane from moving upwards. The cantilevers under the Paradox membrane carry the membrane's weight and the water column's weight above the membrane. In addition, these cantilevers prevent the lowering of the Paradox membrane. 35 Each Paradox membrane has its own fixed position and is loaded from the top with a water column weighing 100 tons. The water column’s level lowers minimally by draining a minimum amount of water from the space between two Paradox membranes. This process enables the separation of the water column from the upper Paradox membrane. In this way, the spaces are separated from each other in the lower part of the combined vessel. It is not necessary to perform this procedure for the uppermost 40 water column. Before the lifting phase of any Paradox membrane, the space above it can be replenished, but this is not crucial for the functioning of the process. Draining the minimum amount of water from each space in the lower part of the combined vessel is much more essential because this prevents the load transfer from a higher level to a lower level. The following is the first phase of this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. The telescopic columns of the hydraulic system rely on the 45 base plate of the lower part of the combined vessel. The hydraulic system is released, and the hydraulic system's platform is at the lowest initial level. Columns of the column structure rely on the base plate, and the platform of the column structure lies on the platform of the hydraulic system. The lowest first Paradox membrane lies on the platform of the column structure. The regulating valves on the pipes are opened. This enables water to flow through the openings on the vertical walls under the second Paradox membrane. The consoles pull out from the inner space of the lower part of the combined vessel and release the first Paradox membrane. The hydraulic pump pumps pressurized oil into the cylinders of the hydraulic system. The platform of the hydraulic system gradually rises. The consequence is the gradual raising of the column structure's platform and the first Paradox membrane. The lifting of the Paradox membrane causes water to be squeezed out of the space between the first and second Paradox membranes. Water enters the pipes through the openings on the wall, and through the pipes into the long vertical pipe. At the top of the vertical long pipe, the water flows out. When the first Paradox membrane rises to the second Paradox membrane, the hydraulic system's platform is in the highest position. The regulation valves and openings under the second Paradox membrane are closed. The telescopic columns of the column structure are blocked. This enables the release of the hydraulic system and the lowering of the hydraulic system platform to its initial position. By releasing the hydraulic system, the column structure takes over the load from the upper side. The telescopic columns of the hydraulic system are extended, and the hydraulic system is raised to a new working position. The hydraulic system again takes over the total load from the column structure, and the column structure's columns are unblocked. This is the end of the first stage of the first phase of this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. The hydraulic system lifts the first and second Paradox membranes in the second stage. The first phase has a total of five stages. In the last stage, the hydraulic system lifts five membranes. After completing the fifth stage, the process of lowering the hydraulic system, column structure with platform, and all five Paradox membranes begins. The descent process takes place step by step, in the first step, the fifth Paradox membrane is placed in the initial position, and in the fifth step, the first Paradox membrane is placed in the initial position. The filling of the space above the Paradox membrane with water can begin as soon as the membrane is placed in the working position. Another possibility is placing all Paradox membranes in the initial position and then filling the system with water. The spaces between the Paradox membranes are filled with water through the openings on the vertical walls. An alternative solution for the functioning of this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is one central vertical long pipe, which Is located in the central axis of the combined vessel. A vertical long pipe passes through all membranes and relies on the base plate of the lower part of the combined vessel. The system has as many openings on the vertical long tube as it has Paradox membranes. In the phase of raising the water to a higher level, one opening is open, and the others are closed. The openings on the pipe are closed from the inside using a pipe segment with a minimally smaller diameter. When the opening is closed, the pipe and the segment are in watertight contact via the seal. A whole long vertical tube is filled with water. Another possibility is that the pipe below the lowest opening is closed watertight. Between the vertical long tube and each Paradox membrane is a seal. The central pipe serves either to raise water to a higher level, or to raise water to a higher level and fill the system with water. A central vertical long pipe can also be a solution for the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant explained in point two. The disadvantage of this solution is that cyclic circular hydropower plants are no longer independent. 4.) Explanation of the fourth solution of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant There is no hydraulic system in this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant solution. Several pipes interconnect the two vessels in the lower part. There is a valve on each pipe to regulate the flow of water. The bottom of both vessels is at the same level. The left vessel is extremely simple and has the shape of an upright cylinder. The inner diameter of the left vessel is 10 meters. The left vessel is filled with water up to a height of 10 meters. For the process to work, the vessels may or may not have the same diameter. The right vessel is a combined vessel consisting of a lower and an upper part. It can be compared with the combined vessel from the first (basic) solution of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. The lower part of the combined vessel has the shape of an upright cylinder. The inner diameter of the lower part of the right vessel is 10 meters, and the height of the lower part is 6 meters. The entire lower part of the combined vessel is filled with water. The Paradoks membrane is at a height of 5 meters from the bottom of the combined vessel. Below the Paradox membrane are the consoles on which the Paradox membrane rests. In addition, the consoles prevent the lowering of the membrane. The Paradox membrane water-tightly separates the lower cylindrical water column 5 meters high from the upper cylindrical water column 1 meter high. The upper part of the combined pipe is a vertical long pipe with a length of 100 meters and a diameter of 250 millimeters. The pipe diameter can be larger if necessary. A little above the junction of the lower and upper part of the combined vessel is the regulation valve. The Paradox membrane can move vertically in the lower part of the right vessel. The movement of the membrane is limited to the space from the supports on which it rests to the upper horizontal surface of the lower part of the combined vessel. If the control valve on the upper part of the combined vessel is open, the Paradox membrane is loaded from the upper side by the combined water column weighing 83,45 tons. The weight of the combined water column causes a pressure on the membrane of 1.0625 tons per square meter or 0.10625 bar. If the regulating valves on the pipes connecting the left and right vessels are open, the water column from the left vessel acts on the Paradox membrane from the bottom side. The pressure of the water column on the Paradox membrane from the bottom side is 5 tons per square meter or 0.5 bar. This system is obviously not in balance. When the valves on the pipes connecting the left and right vessels and the valve on the vertical long tube are open, gravity causes the Paradox membrane to rise vertically. Lifting the Paradox membrane forces water from the space above the membrane into a long vertical tube. It is a cylindrical water column with a diameter of 10 meters and a height of one meter. Water flows out of the pipe at the top of the long vertical pipe. The water column in the left vessel descends, and the water column above the Paradox membrane decreases. After the Paradox membrane is raised by one meter, all the water is squeezed out of the lower part of the combined vessel. The water flowing out of the vertical long pipe can be immediately passed through the hydro turbine. The water fills the left vessel as soon as it passes through the hydro turbine. In this case, since the diameter of the left and right vessels is the same, the water level in the left vessel does not change during the entire process. After the Paradox membrane rises to the highest level, the regulating valves on the pipes connecting the left and right vessels close. At that moment, the water level in the left vessel is 10 meters. The regulating valve on the vertical long pipe also closes. Openings on the Paradox membrane open. With this, it is possible to lower the membrane and return to the initial position. The Paradox membrane descends due to its own weight. After the Paradox membrane lowers to the initial height and lies on the consoles, the openings on the membrane close watertight. A new cycle can begin in this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the basic solution of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant, explained in point 1 of the chapter "Disclosure of Invention." Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant, explained in point 4 of the chapter "Disclosure of Invention." Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant, explained in the chapter "Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention." BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION There is no hydraulic system in the best solution of a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. The best solution is largely identical to the fourth solution. Another feature of the best solution is that this hydroelectric power plant has two watertight, vertically movable membranes. For this reason, it can be compared with a hydraulic press of large dimensions. The vessels are interconnected by several pipes at the bottom of the left and right vessels or near the bottom. On each pipe, there is a valve for regulating the water flow. The bottom of both vessels is at the same level. The left vessel has the shape of an upright cylinder. The inner diameter of the left vessel is 10 meters. The left vessel is filled with water up to a height of 10 meters. At a height of 5 meters from the bottom of the left vessel, there is a watertight, vertically movable membrane. Regulation of the process in this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is carried out using valves on the pipes connecting the left and right vessels and the valve on the vertical long pipe of the combined vessel. The membrane in the left vessel cannot lower because it is watertight, and the water is also incompressible. Regardless, the membrane is additionally mechanically held in this initial position, which can be solved in several ways. Movable cantilevers that are inserted horizontally (slide) under the membrane can be a solution for supports that hold the membrane in the highest position in the left vessel. Before the start of the process of lowering the membrane in the left vessel, the horizontally moving membranes are pulled out of the vessel and free the space for lowering the membrane. There are watertight seals on the openings through which the cantilevers move horizontally. If practice shows that the cantilevers on this level in the left vessel are unnecessary, then they are not there. In addition, there are cantilevers in the left vessel above the membrane on the upper side. The cantilevers define the initial position and the highest level of the membrane in the left vessel. One meter below the initial position of the membrane in the left vessel are cantilevers that determine the lowest level to which the membrane can be lowered, in the initial position, the left membrane is loaded from the upper side by a cylindrical water column with a height of 5 meters and a diameter of 10 meters. The membrane lowers for 1 meter in the process. The right vessel is a combined vessel similar to the vessel described in the fourth solution. The right vessel consists of a lower and an upper part. The lower part of the combined vessel has the shape of an upright cylinder. The inner diameter of the lower part of the right vessel is 10 meters, and the height of the lower part is 6 meters. The entire lower part of the combined vessel is filled with water. At a height of 5 meters from the bottom of the right vessel, there is a Paradox membrane. Beneath the Paradox membrane are cantilevers on which the Paradox membrane relies. The Paradox membrane impermeably separates the lower cylindrical water column with a height of 5 meters from the upper cylindrical water column with a height of 1 meter. The upper part of the combined vessel is a vertical long pipe with a length of 100 meters and a diameter of 1 meter. The pipe diameter can be larger if necessary. The regulation valve is a little above the junction of the lower and upper parts of the combined vessel. In a system set up like this, it is evident that the left membrane is significantly more loaded than the right Paradox membrane and that the system is not in balance. Such an unbalanced system is the primary goal. The process in this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant goes like this. The regulating valves on the pipes connecting the left and right vessels are opened. The control valve on the vertical long pipe of the combined vessel opens. Due to the action of the natural force of gravity, the system tries to reach a state of equilibrium. In this case, the vertical force acting from above on the membrane in the left vessel continuously overcomes the vertical force acting from above on the Paradox membrane in the right vessel. The membrane in the left vessel continuously descends vertically downwards, and in the right vessel, the Paradox membrane rises vertically upwards. The vertical lifting of the Paradox membrane in the right vessel causes water to be forced out of the space above the membrane into a long vertical tube. The water flows out at the top of a long vertical pipe and collects in a larger or smaller water tank. The water from the tank descends through the pipe in a continuous water column and passes through the water turbine. The water turbine level is slightly above the highest initial water level in the left vessel (1-3 meters). Water passing through the water turbine collects in the left vessel of the system and fills the vessel. This means that the force acting on the membrane from the upper side in the left vessel is constantly increasing. In addition, the force acting from the top on the Paradox membrane in the right vessel continuously decreases. After all the water squeezes out of the space above the right Paradox membrane and the membrane raises to the highest level, the first stage of the process is complete. The second phase of the process goes like this. The control valve on the vertical long pipe on the right side closes. The valves on the pipes connecting the left and right vessels close. The openings on the left membrane and the openings on the right Paradox membrane open. Openings on the membranes allow them to be returned and placed in their initial position. The membrane in the left vessel raises to the initial working level. The Paradox membrane in the right vessel lowers to the initial working level. The membrane in the left vessel can be made to be lighter than water. In this case, by opening the openings on the left membrane, the buoyancy force raises the membrane to the initial level. The Paradox membrane in the right vessel is heavier than water, and due to its weight, it sinks to the starting level. After placing the left membrane and the right Paradox membrane at the initial level, the openings on both membranes close impermeably. The cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is ready for a new cycle. This is a concise explanation of the best solution for a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. Throughout the "Discloser of Invention" chapter, the water column above the Paradox membrane in the lower part of the combined vessel is 1 meter high. In reality, the height of the water column above the Paradox membrane is, for example, 20 meters, and the diameter of the vessel is 15 meters. In addition, the length of the vertical long pipe is 300 meters, and the diameter is 1.5 meters. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY A cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is a closed system in which a limited amount of water circulates in the process. As such, it is mainly independent of natural water flows. Any source of clean water can be used for its operation. The main application of the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is in producing electricity. One cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant from the best solution can produce enough electricity per day to meet the daily needs of a company or one or more villages. In isolated areas, it is a reliable source of electricity. Several cyclic circular hydroelectric power plants can meet the entire city’s needs. Suppose the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is an inexhaustible source of clean electrical energy in the way I think it is. In that case, it is one of the final solutions for meeting all of humanity's needs for energy, both electricity and other clean forms of energy. A cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant can be a source of electricity for hydrogen production. The first stage of the process is the perfect solution for raising water to a higher level in the pump storage hydro power plant. I will mention that the cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant can also work manually. It is possible to coordinate the hydraulic system so that two or four people simultaneously pump oil into the cylinders of the hydraulic system. In a short time, a manually operated cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant can meet far more than the daily needs of an average household. Relying on a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant loses the meaning of transmitting electricity over long distances. With the help of a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant, the need for electricity can be solved locally. List of reference signs Fig.l 1 combined vessel, 2 lower part of the combined vessel, 3 lower surface of the lower part of the combined vessel, 4 column of the hydraulic system, 5 support of the hydraulic cylinders, 6 hydraulic cylinders, 7 platforms of the hydraulic system, 8 Paradox membrane, 9 seal, 10 upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel, 11 upper part of the combined vessel (vertical long pipe), 12 valve for water flow regulation and process regulation, 13 pool or tank under the opening at the top of the vertical long pipe, 14 hydraulic pipe, 15 hydro turbine, 16 valve on the hydraulic pipe for regulating the flow of water through the hydro turbine, 17 pool for water that passes through the hydro turbine, 18 pipe for filling the system with water, 19 valve for regulating the filling of the system with water Fig. 2 1 simple vessel, 2 pipe connecting simple vessel and combined vessel, 3 valve for water flow regulation and process regulation, 4 combined vessel, 5 Paradox membrane, 6 seal, 7 fixed supports on which the Paradox membrane rests, 8 opening on the Paradox membrane, 9 upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel, 10 upper part of the combined vessel (vertical long pipe), 11 valve on the vertical long pipe for water flow regulation and process regulation, 12 pool or water tank under the opening at the top of the vertical long pipe, 13 hydraulic pipe, 14 valve for water flow regulation and process regulation, 15 hydro turbine The arrow shows the flow of water in the process. Fig. 3 1 simple vessel, 2 membrane in a simple vessel, 3 seal, 4 fixed cantilevers on the upper side of the membrane, 5 horizontally movable cantilevers on the lower side of the membrane, 6 fixed supports on which the membrane rests when it is at its lowest level, 7 opening on the membrane, 8 pipe which connects a simple vessel and a combined vessel, 9 valve for water flow regulation and process regulation, 10 combined vessel, 11 lower part of a combined vessel, 12 Paradox membrane, 13 seal, 14 fixed support under the Paradox membrane, 15 opening on the Paradox membrane, 16 upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel, 17 upper part of the combined vessel (vertical long pipe), 18 valve for water flow regulation and process regulation, 19 pool or water tank under the opening at the top of the vertical long pipe, 20 hydraulic pipe, 21 valve for water flow regulation and process regulation, 22 hydro turbine The arrow shows the flow of water in the process. The dimensions on all three drawings are not strictly related to the explanation.
Claims
Claim 1This is the basic solution of a cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant with a hydraulic system. A cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is a closed system in which a limited amount of water circulates in the process of producing electricity, and the process repeats cyclically. The energy necessary for the functioning of the process is brought into the system from outside, or the procedure is performed manually. The process can be performed as a combination of these two solutions. The process consists of two phases. In the first phase of the process, water is raised from a lower level to a significantly higher level. The process takes place in a combined vessel of a characteristic shape. The lower part of the combined vessel has a significantly larger diameter and a significantly smaller height than the upper part of the vessel. The lower part of the combined vessel can have the shape of a regular geometric body (cube, cuboid, upright cylinder, pentagonal prism, hexagonal prism, etc.) or some combined regular geometric body. The upper part of the combined vessel is a vertical long tube of great length and small diameter. On the upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel is the connection of the vertical long pipe with the lower part of the combined vessel. A little above the connection is a control valve on the vertical long pipe. The first phase of the process begins by opening the regulating valve on the vertical long pipe. By closing the regulating valve at the end of the first phase, the water in the pipe is stored for the next cycle. The upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel can be flat or curved. The hydraulic system lies at the bottom of the combined vessel's lower part. A horizontal, vertically movable, watertight Paradox membrane lies on the hydraulic system's platform. A seal is installed on the outside of the membrane's ring. The contact that the Paradox membrane has with the vertical wall of the lower part of the combined vessel through the seal creates a continuous watertight barrier for the combined water column above the Paradox membrane. In the first stage of the process, the hydraulic cylinders vertically lift the hydraulic system's platform. The hydraulic system's platform lifts the Paradox membrane and combined water column. This lifting causes water to be forced out of the lower part of the combined vessel into a vertical long tube. The water flows out at the top of the vertical long pipe and collects in a smaller or larger tank. After forcing out all the water from the lower part of the combined vessel, the regulating valve at the bottom of the vertical long pipe is closed. The pressure in the hydraulic system is released. The hydraulic system and the Paradox membrane are lowered to the initial working level. Filling the lower part of the combined vessel can significantly contribute to the vertical lowering of the Paradox membrane. The essence of the process in the first phase is that several factors are used simultaneously to raise the water to a great height. The factors that enable this are vertical mobility and watertightness of the Paradox membrane, combined water column, and natural properties of water. In the second phase of the process, the raised water from the tank descends through the hydraulic pipe in a continuous water column. Water under pressure passes through the hydro turbine and collects in the pool below the hydro turbine. The collected water in the basin fills the combined vessel's lower part above the Paradox membrane. The system is filled with water through the opening on the upper surface of the lower part of the combined vessel.Claim 2A reinforced concrete or steel object with a regular geometric shape is divided into identical floors. Each floor forms the lower part of one combined vessel. Each floor connected to its corresponding vertical long pipe is one independent cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant. At the bottom of each floor is a hydraulic system. On the platform of each hydraulic system lies a horizontal, vertically movable watertight Paradox membrane. Above the Paradox membrane, each floor is filled with water. On the outer vertical walls of the object, at the top of each floor, there are one or more openings. Each opening is connected to a vertical pipe, which is connected from the top to the corresponding vertical long pipe. In this way, each floor is connected to its corresponding vertical long pipe. The process in eachindependent cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant works according to claim 1. The characteristic of this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is that pipes connect the lower and upper parts of the combined vessel through openings on the outer walls of the lower part of the combined vessel.Claim 3This cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant has several Paradox membranes. Above each Paradox membrane is a water column. The hydraulic system successively raises the Paradox membranes one after the other and squeezes the water between the two membranes. The lower Paradox membrane is vertically movable, and the upper one is fixed. The upper membrane is released when the hydraulic system raises the lower Paradox membrane till the upper one. The hydraulic system raises two Paradox membranes and squeezes water between the second and third membranes, and so on, until the end. The water is forced out through openings on the vertical walls, according to claim 2. The hydraulic system has either telescopic hydraulic cylinders or a column structure with a platform ora combination.Claim 4Several pipes connect the two vessels in the lower part. On each pipe, there is a valve for regulating the water flow. The bottom of one and the other vessel are at the same level. One vessel is extremely simple and has the shape of an upright cylinder. Another vessel is a combined vessel. The Paradox membrane, located in the lower part of the combined vessel, is under pressure from above and below. The combined water column in the combined vessel presses the Paradox membrane from the upper side. The simple vessel's water pressure transfers to the Paradox membrane's underside. The pressure on the bottom side of the Paradox membrane is continuously higher than the pressure acting on the upper side of the membrane. Consequently, the Paradox membrane constantly lifts vertically upwards, squeezing the water above the membrane into a vertical long pipe. At the top of the vertical long pipe, the water flows out. The horizontal, vertically movable, watertight Paradox membrane in the combined vessel moves vertically upwards in the lower part of the combined vessel. The combined vessel's characteristic shape, the Paradox membrane's watertight movement in the combined vessel's lower part, and the water's natural properties are crucial factors that enable the fulfillment of a phenomenon. An equal amount of water is obtained at the top of the vertical long pipe by squeezing water from the lower part of the combined vessel through a vertical long pipe. The phenomenon is that the energy used to raise the Paradox membrane and the combined water column is drastically less than the potential energy of the water raised and collected at the top of the long vertical pipe. This can only be achieved with the Paradox membrane in the combined vessel.Claim 5The characteristic of this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant is that it has two watertight, vertically movable membranes. Several pipes connect the two vessels in the lower part. On each pipe, there is a valve for regulating the water flow. The bottom of one and the other vessel are at the same level. One vessel is extremely simple and has the shape of an upright cylinder. Another vessel is a combined vessel. The diameter of the simple vessel and the diameter of the lower part of the combined vessel are identical. The membrane in a simple vessel and the Paradox membrane have the same diameter, and the membranes can be completely identical. Both vessels are filled with water. A watertight, vertically movable membrane is located in a simple vessel at a certain height. The Paradox membrane is at the same height in the lower part of the combined vessel. The cylindrical water column presses from the upper side the membrane in a simple vessel. The combined water column presses from the upper side the Paradox membrane. The weight of the water column that loads the membrane in a simple vessel is significantly greater than the weight of the combined water column that loads the Paradox membrane. The system is out of balance. The gravitational force acts on the system by opening the valve on the pipes connecting the vessels and the valve on the vertical long pipe of the combined vessel. The system,simple vessel lowers, and the Paradox membrane rises. The lifting of the Paradox membrane causes the water above the membrane to be forced out into a vertical long pipe. The water flows out at the top of the vertical long pipe and collects in a smaller or larger tank. From the tank, the water descends through the pipe in a continuous water column and passes through the hydro turbine under pressure. The water passing through the hydro turbine fills a simple vessel. In the process, the weight of the water that loads the membrane in the simple vessel increases, and the weight of the combined water column that loads the Paradox membrane decreases. The process can work so that the water level in a simple vessel changes minimally or not at all. Openings on both membranes allow them to be returned to their initial position. In this cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant, the system's imbalance, the natural force of gravity, a membrane in a simple vessel, and a Paradox membrane in a combined vessel are used to raise water to a higher level.Claim 6The cyclic circular hydroelectric power plant in which the crane pulls the Paradox membrane upwards from the upper side. The steel cable enters through the opening at the top of the long vertical pipe into the combined vessel and descends to the bottom of the combined vessel. At the bottom of the combined vessel lies the Paradox membrane. The hook or coupling of the steel cable is connected to the Paradox membrane on the upper side of the membrane. The crane lifts the Paradox membrane in the first phase of the process.Claim 7According to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the first stage of the process is used to raise water to a higher level in the pumped storage hydroelectric power plant.Claim 8The raising of water to a higher level for any purpose using the Paradox membrane in a combined vessel.Claim 9All five systems described in the previous text produce a significant excess of energy per cycle. This excess energy per cycle is even greater if the length of the vertical long pipe is increased. The lowest energy consumption per cycle is in the fourth and fifth solutions. With these solutions, there is no hydraulic system, and the force that drives the system is gravity. Theoretically, these two solutions can be treated as perpetuum mobile. Only one condition must be met for this to be true. This condition is that the circular process is fully automated and works permanently—electric energy results from a process carried out cyclically repeatedly in the system.