MONTAGEM DE CRUZETA E TORRE DE TRANSMISSÃO DE ENERGIA
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- BR · BR
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI SHEMAR POWER ENG CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-04
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
1 / 30 “ASSEMBLY OF CROSSARM AND TRANSMISSION TOWER” TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The present disclosure relates to a power transmission field, in particular to a crossarm assembly and a transmission tower. BACKGROUND
[002] Generally, in transmission towers of the prior art, transmission lines are suspended on a crossarm assembly by means of short suspension connecting cords, and a portion of the unbalanced voltage caused by broken lines or irregular freezing is released through the suspension connecting cords. Although the length of the suspension connecting cords is short, the influence of wind deflection on the length of the crossarm assembly will be considered when designing the tower head of the transmission tower, and the electrical clearance between the high-voltage ends of the upper and lower crossarm assemblies will also be considered. As a result, the transmission tower of the prior art has a large tower head size and low economic efficiency. SUMMARY
[003] One of the objectives of the present disclosure is to provide a crossarm assembly. A high-voltage end connection, which is connected to a high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly, is of simple structure and can effectively release unbalanced voltage from transmission lines, so that the tower head arrangement is more compact and the economic efficiency is higher while the longitudinal strength requirement is met for the transmission tower.
[004] To solve the above problems, the present disclosure adopts the following solutions. A crossarm assembly is provided, and the crossarm assembly includes: at least one insulator, one end of the at least one insulator being configured to be connected to a tower body of a transmission tower, forming one low-voltage end of the crossarm assembly, and the other Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 50 / 80 2 / 30 end of at least one insulator being configured as one end of the crossarm assembly to suspend a conductor, forming a high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly; and a high-voltage end connection, including a fastening portion, the high-voltage end connection being configured to be connected to the other end of at least one insulator and suspend at least one conductor.
[005] In one embodiment, the crossarm assembly includes a column insulator. One end of the column insulator is configured to be connected to the lower body and the other end of the column insulator is configured as one end of the crossarm assembly to suspend the conductor.
[006] In one embodiment, the crossarm assembly additionally includes at least one suspension insulator. The end of the column insulator and one end of the suspension insulator are both configured to be connected to the tower body. The other end of the column insulator and the other end of the suspension insulator are connected together via the high-voltage end connection and configured as the end of the crossarm assembly to suspend the conductor.
[007] In one embodiment, the high-voltage end connection additionally includes at least one rotating portion connected to the fastening portion. The rotating portion is rotatably connected to the other end of the insulator and the high-voltage end connection is rotatably connected to the high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly.
[008] In one embodiment, the rotating portion has a rotating chamber, the other end of the insulator is provided with a rotating body. The rotating body is rotatable in the rotating chamber, so that the high-voltage end connection is rotatably connected with the high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 51 / 80 3 / 30
[009] In one embodiment, the fastening portion includes a fastening plate and a connecting plate. The fastening plate and the connecting plate are arranged to be perpendicular to each other and fixedly connected. The fastening plate and the connecting plate are configured to be connected with the rotating portion.
[010] In one embodiment, the rotating portion includes a first rotating plate and a first rotating block. The first rotating plate is fixedly connected to the connecting plate. The first rotating block is fixedly connected to one side of the first rotating plate away from the connecting plate. The rotating chamber is formed in the first rotating block.
[011] In one embodiment, the rotating portion includes two secondary rotating plates and a second rotating block. The two rotating plates are arranged opposite each other on the same side of the second rotating block at intervals and are arranged parallel to each other. The two secondary rotating plates are fixed to both sides of the fixing plate and are securely connected to the fixing plate. The rotating chamber is formed in the second rotating block.
[012] In one embodiment, the rotating body is a sphere and the rotating chamber is a socket.
[013] In one embodiment, the low-voltage end of the crossarm assembly is rotatably connected to the tower body via a hinge assembly. The hinge assembly includes a hinge support and a hinge member. The hinge support is fixedly connected to the tower body. The hinge member is fixedly connected to the crossarm assembly. The hinge support and the hinge member are rotatably connected via a hinge shaft.
[014] In one embodiment, the high-voltage end connection is connected to at least one suspension clamp and the conductor is hung directly on the suspension clamp. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 52 / 80 4 / 30
[015] In one embodiment, at least one hole for line suspension is formed in the fixing plate and a suspension clamp is hung in the hole for line suspension.
[016] A second object of the present disclosure is to provide a transmission tower including a tower body and the crossarm assembly described above and the crossarm assembly is disposed on the tower body.
[017] The advantageous effects of the present disclosure are described below. Unlike the previous technique, the high-voltage end connections are connected to the high-voltage ends of the crossarm assembly, which are of simple structure and can effectively release unbalanced voltage from the transmission lines. Therefore, it is not necessary to release the unbalanced voltage through a certain length of suspension connection strands, so the conductor can be hung directly on the high-voltage end connection via the suspension clamp. As a result, the tower head arrangement is more compact while the longitudinal strength requirement is met for the transmission tower, thus reducing the overall cost.
[018] At the same time, the low-voltage end of the crossarm assembly is configured to be rotatably connected with the tower body. In this way, the unbalanced voltage can be further relieved, the force on the crossarm assembly can be reduced, and thus reducing the crossarm assembly specifications and costs.
[019] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the high-voltage end connection can suspend a single conductor, a double conductor bundle, and a triple conductor bundle, so the range of disclosure is wide and the economic efficiency is high. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 53 / 80 5 / 30 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[020] To illustrate more clearly the solutions in the present disclosure, a brief description is given below for the drawings mentioned in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely some embodiments of the disclosure. For people with ordinary knowledge of the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without involving any inventive effort.
[021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of a transmission tower according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[022] Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of detail A in Figure 1;
[023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a high-voltage end connection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[024] Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of detail B in Figure 1;
[025] Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of detail C in Figure 1;
[026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial structure of a transmission tower according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
[027] Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of detail D in Figure 6; and
[028] Figure 8 is an enlarged schematic diagram of detail E in Figure 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[029] The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the drawings in Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 54 / 80 6 / 30 modalities of the present disclosure. Obviously, the modalities described are only some, not all, of the modalities of the present disclosure. All other modalities obtained by people with common knowledge of the technique based on the modalities of the disclosure without involving creative efforts are included within the scope of protection of the disclosure.
[030] With reference to Figure 1, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, a transmission tower 10 includes a tower body 11 and a crossarm assembly 12. One end of the crossarm assembly 12, which is a low-voltage end of the crossarm assembly 12, is connected to the tower body 11, while the other end of the crossarm assembly 12, which is a high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly 12, is configured to suspend a conductor. The high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly 12 is rotatably connected with a high-voltage end connection 110.
[031] Additionally, the crossarm assembly 12 includes at least one insulator 120. One end of at least one insulator 120 is configured to be connected to the tower body 11 of the transmission tower 10, forming the low-voltage end of the crossarm assembly 12, and the other end of at least one insulator 120 is configured as the end of the crossarm assembly 12 for suspending the conductor, forming the high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly 12.
[032] In a case where the crossarm assembly 12 includes only one insulator 120, one end of the insulator 120 is configured to be connected to the tower body 11 and the other end of the insulator 120 is connected to the high-voltage end connection 110 and configured as the end of the crossarm assembly 12 for suspending the conductor. In a case where the crossarm assembly 12 includes a plurality of insulators 120, one end of each of the plurality of insulators 120 is configured to be connected to the tower body 11 Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 55 / 80 7 / 30 of the transmission tower 10 and its other ends are connected together by means of the high-voltage end connection 110 and configured as the crossarm mounting end 12 for suspending the conductor.
[033] In a case where only one insulator 120 is provided, the insulator 120 is a column insulator 121, one end of the column insulator 121 is configured to be connected to the tower body 11 of the transmission tower 10 and the other end of the column insulator 121 is rotatably connected with the high-voltage end connection 110 and configured as the crossarm mounting end 12 for suspending the conductor.
[034] With reference to figures 1 and 2, in a case where a plurality of insulators 120 is provided, the plurality of insulators 120 may include column insulator 121 and a suspension insulator 122. One end of each of the column insulator 121 and the suspension insulator 122 is configured to be connected to the tower body 11 of the transmission tower 10 and their other ends are connected together by means of the high-voltage end connection 110 and configured as the end of the crossarm assembly 12 for suspending the conductor.
[035] In the present disclosure, the number of column insulators 121 and suspension insulators 122 is not limited and the number of column insulators 121 and suspension insulators 122 may be one or more. For example, in Figure 1, the number of column insulators 121 is one and the number of suspension insulators 122 is also one, that is, the crossarm assembly 12 is a single-column single-suspension structure. One end of each of the column insulator 121 and suspension insulator 122 is configured to be connected to the tower body 11 of the transmission tower 10 and their other ends are connected together forming the end of the crossarm assembly 12 for suspending the conductor. The suspension insulator 122 is situated above the column insulator 121. A geometric axis of Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 56 / 80 8 / 30 suspension insulator 122 and a geometric axis of the column insulator 121 are situated in the same vertical plane. Meanwhile, an angle formed between the column insulator 121 and the suspension insulator 122 varies from 15° to 45°, for example, 15°, 30° or 45°. The arrangement of the column insulator 121 and the suspension insulator 122 provides a stable triangular structure between the crossarm assembly 12 and the tower body 11 of the transmission tower 10, thus greatly improving the stability of the crossarm assembly 12.
[036] With reference to figures 1 to 3, the high-voltage end connection 110 includes a fixing portion 111 and at least one rotating portion 112 connected to the fixing portion 111. At least one line suspension hole 11112 for suspending the conductor is formed in the fixing portion 111. A rotating chamber 115 is formed in at least one rotating portion 112. The rotating portion 112 is rotatably connected to the other end of the insulator 120 through the rotating chamber 115, so that the fixing portion 111 is rotatably connected to the other end of the insulator 120 through the rotating portion 112.
[037] The fastening portion 111 includes a fastening plate 1111 and a connecting plate 1112. The fastening plate 1111 and the connecting plate 1112 are arranged to be perpendicular to each other and securely connected. The fastening plate 1111 is a specially shaped plate, and one end of an upper edge of the fastening plate 1111 distant from the connecting plate 1112 has a connecting hole 11111 for connecting the suspension insulator 122. In some application scenarios, the connecting hole 11111 is configured to be connected to the rotating portion 112 and thus connected to the suspension insulator 122 via the rotating portion 112. A lower edge of the fastening plate 1111 has three holes for suspending line 11112 that are spaced apart from each other. Two holes for suspending line 11112 are located at two ends of the lower edge of the fixing plate 1111 respectively, and the other hole for suspending line 11112 is located Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 57 / 80 9 / 30 in the middle of the lower edge of the mounting plate 1111. The horizontal height of the line suspension hole 11112 located in the middle of the lower edge of the mounting plate 1111 is greater than that of the line suspension holes 11112 at two ends of the lower edge of the mounting plate 1111, so as to suspend a conductor bundle. In the present embodiment, the number of line suspension holes 11112 is three, which can be used to suspend a single conductor, a double conductor bundle or a triple conductor bundle and has a wide range of applications and high economic efficiency. In other embodiments, only one, two or more line suspension holes may be provided to suspend a single conductor, a double conductor bundle or other multi-conductor bundles, respectively.Specific positions of the holes for suspending the line are not specifically limited in the present invention; other positions may be selected and adjusted according to the requirements of actual use, provided that the conductors do not affect each other.
[038] The high-voltage end connection 110 is connected with at least one suspension clamp 116, and the conductor is hung on the suspension clamp 116. The suspension clamp 116 is connected to the line suspension hole 11112. When the number of suspension clamps 116 is one, the suspension clamp 116 can be hung on any of the line suspension holes 11112 to suspend a single conductor. When the number of suspension clamps 116 is two, the suspension clamps 116 can be hung on any two of the line suspension holes 11112 respectively to suspend a bundle of double conductors. Preferably, the two suspension clamps 116 are respectively hung in the line suspension holes 11112 at two ends of the fixing plate 1111. When the number of suspension clamps 116 is three, the three line suspension holes 11112 can be arranged in the high-voltage end connections 110 in a triangular scheme, the three Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 58 / 80 10 / 30 suspension clamps 116 can be hung in the three holes to suspend line 11112 respectively to suspend a triple conductor bundle. In other embodiments, a combined structure including a T-shaped plate and a U-shaped suspension ring can also be adopted. One end of the U-shaped suspension ring is connected to the high-voltage end connection and the other end of the U-shaped suspension ring is connected to the T-shaped plate. Two side ends and one bottom end of the T-shaped plate are configured to be connected with the suspension clamp to suspend the triple conductor bundle.The conductor is suspended directly from the high-voltage end connection 110 by the suspension clamp 116, so that the influence of wind deflection on the length of the crossarm assembly 12 does not need to be considered and the vertical distance of the crossarm assembly 12 can be further shortened. As a result, the tower head arrangement of the transmission tower 10 is more compact than that of a conventional transmission tower.
[039] It should be noted that the aforementioned top edge, bottom edge and horizontal height refer to relative positions when the high-voltage end connection 110 is mounted on the crossarm assembly 12. That is, when the high-voltage end connection 110 is mounted on the crossarm assembly 12, the connection hole 11111 is located above, the holes for suspending line 11112 are located below, an edge of the high-voltage end connection 110 furthest from the ground is the top edge, an edge of the high-voltage end connection 110 closest to the ground is the bottom edge, and a vertical distance between a horizontal plane where the target object is located and the ground is the horizontal height.
[040] The connecting plate 1112 is a circular plate and is vertically and securely connected with one end of the fixing plate 1111 located away from the connecting hole 11111. A connection position between the fixing plate 1111 and the plate Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 59 / 80 The 11 / 30 connection 1112 is situated on a first center line of the connection plate 1112, that is, a radial direction on a plate surface of the connection plate 1112, so that the high-voltage end connection 110 is uniformly tensioned after being mounted on the crossarm assembly 12 to avoid eccentric loading. Four mounting holes are formed in the connection plate 1112 circumferentially around the center of the connection plate 1112 to facilitate the connection of the column insulator 121. In some application scenarios, the connection plate 1112 can be connected to the rotating portion 112 through the four mounting holes formed therein and can be connected to the column insulator 121 through the rotating portion 112. Additionally, two first reinforcing ribs are symmetrically arranged between the fixing plate 1111 and the connection plate 1112.The first two reinforcing ribs are both right-angled triangular plates and are respectively situated on two sides of the fastening plate 1111. That is, the shorter sides of the first two reinforcing ribs are symmetrically abutted on a second centerline of the connecting plate 1112, i.e., in another radial direction on the plate surface of the connecting plate 1112. The longer sides of the first reinforcing ribs are abutted on the two lateral faces of the fastening plate 1111, respectively. The second centerline is perpendicular to the first centerline, and each of the first two reinforcing ribs is perpendicular to both the fastening plate 1111 and the connecting plate 1112. The arrangement of the first reinforcing ribs can improve the connection strength between the fastening plate 1111 and the connecting plate 1112, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the high-tension end connection 110 as a whole.
[041] In an application scenario, with reference to figure 3, the rotating portion 112 is a first rotating portion 113, fixedly connected to the connecting plate 1112 of the fixing portion 111 and located on one side of the connecting plate 1112 away from the fixing plate 1111. The first rotating portion 113 includes a Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pages 60 / 80 12 / 30 first rotating plate 1131 and a first rotating block 1132. The first rotating plate 1131 is a circular plate with the same size as the connecting plate 1112. Four first rotating holes are formed circumferentially around the center of the first rotating plate 1131 on the first rotating plate 1131. The four first rotating holes on the first rotating plate 1131 correspond one-to-one with the four mounting holes on the connecting plate 1112. The first rotating plate 1131 and the connecting plate 1112 are fixedly connected by providing fasteners such as screws inserted into the corresponding first rotating holes and mounting holes, nuts matched to the screws, etc., so that the first rotating portion 1131 and the fixing portion 111 are fixedly connected.The first rotating block 1132 is a cylindrical block, fixedly connected to the side of the first rotating plate 1131, distant from the connecting plate 1112 and located in the center of the first rotating plate 1131. Two second reinforcing ribs are symmetrically arranged between the first rotating block 1132 and the first rotating plate 1131. The two second reinforcing ribs are both trapezoidal plates at right angles and are respectively situated on two sides of the first rotating block 1132. That is, the lower base edges of the two second reinforcing ribs are symmetrically abutted on a central line of the first rotating plate 1131, that is, in a radial direction on the sheet surface of the first rotating plate 1131. The right-angled lateral edges are respectively abutted on two sides of the first rotating block 1132.This means that each of the two second reinforcing ribs is perpendicular to both the first rotating block 1132 and the first rotating plate 1131. The arrangement of the second reinforcing ribs can improve the connection strength between the first rotating block 1132 and the first rotating plate 1131. In other embodiments, the first reinforcing rib and the second reinforcing rib may have three, four or more, may have other shapes, or may not be provided. These are not. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 61 / 80 13 / 30 specifically limited in the present invention, provided that the design meets a specific strength requirement. In other embodiments, the connecting plate and the first rotating plate may be integrally formed or joined together by welding.
[042] In another application scenario, with reference to figure 2, the rotating portion 112 is a second rotating portion 114 connected to the connection hole 11111 of the fastening portion 111. The second rotating portion 114 includes two second rotating plates 1141 and a second rotating block 1142. The two second rotating plates 1141 are arranged opposite each other on the same side of the second rotating block 1142 at intervals, and the two second rotating plates 1141 are arranged parallel to each other. Each of the two second rotating plates 1141 has a second rotating hole corresponding to the connection hole 11111, and the two second rotating holes in the two second rotating plates 1141 are arranged coaxially. The second rotating portion 114 is attached to both sides of the connecting hole 11111 by means of the two second rotating plates 1141, so that the two second rotating holes and the connecting hole 11111 are coaxial with each other.The second rotating plate 1141 and the fixing plate 1111 are then securely connected by providing fasteners such as screws inserted into the two second rotating holes and the connecting hole 11111, nuts matched to the screws, etc., so that the second rotating portion 114 and the fixing portion 111 are securely connected. The second rotating block 1142 is an irregular block with one lateral surface being a plane and the other lateral surface being a circular arc surface. The two second rotating plates 1141 are arranged opposite each other on the lateral surface of the second rotating block 1142 being a plane at intervals. In other embodiments, the second rotating portion may include a second rotating plate and a second rotating block. The second rotating plate is affixed to one side of the fixing plate, so that the second rotating hole and the connecting hole are coaxially arranged for connection. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 62 / 80 14 / 30
[043] The rotating portion 112 has a rotating chamber 115, that is, both the first rotating portion 113 and the second rotating portion 114 have a rotating chamber 115 inside. The rotating chamber 115 can be mated with the rotating body 123 for rotational connection. In the first rotating portion 113, the rotating chamber 115 is formed in the first rotating block 1132. In the second rotating portion 114, the rotating chamber 115 is formed in the second rotating block 1142. The other end of at least one column insulator 121 and / or at least one suspension insulator 122 is connected to the rotating body 123. The rotating body 123 is rotatable in the rotating chamber 115, so that the high-voltage end connection 110 is rotationally connected with the high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly 12.When the crossarm assembly 12 is not mounted on the tower body 11, the rotating body 123 can rotate 360° around the geometric axis of the corresponding insulator 120 in the rotating chamber 115, which allows the angle of the column insulator 121 and / or the suspension insulator 122 to be quickly adjusted, so as to facilitate subsequent assembly. When the crossarm assembly 12 is mounted on the tower body 11, the rotating body 123 can rotate at multiple angles in the rotating chamber 115, which effectively releases the unbalanced voltage of the transmission line, so that the conductor can be directly hung on the high-voltage end connection 110 through the suspension clamp 116. Therefore, it is not necessary to release the unbalanced voltage by adjusting a certain length of suspension connection cords on the high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly as in the previous technique.As a result, the tower head arrangement is more compact while the longitudinal strength requirement is met for transmission tower 10, thereby reducing the overall cost.
[044] In the present embodiment, the rotating body 123 is a sphere and the rotating chamber 115 is a socket. This means that the other end of at least one column insulator 121 and / or at least one suspension insulator 122 Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 63 / 80 15 / 30 is connected to the sphere and the first rotating portion 113 and / or the second rotating portion 114 has a socket formed therein. That is, the first rotating block 1132 and / or the second rotating block 1142 is provided with a socket therein. The sphere can rotate in the socket. In other embodiments, the rotating body and the rotating chamber may also be other mutually cooperating rotating structures, such as a cylindrical body and a cylindrical chamber, which may be designed according to specific requirements and are not specifically limited in the present invention.
[045] In the present embodiment, the crossarm assembly 12 has a single column single suspension structure. The high-voltage end connection 110 is connected to a first rotating portion 113 and a second rotating portion 114. The other ends of the column insulator 121 and the suspension insulator 122 are both connected to the rotating bodies 123. The rotating body 123 at the other end of the column insulator 121 is rotatably connected to the first rotating portion 113 and the rotating body 123 at the other end of the suspension insulator 122 is rotatably connected to the second rotating portion 114, so that the high-voltage end connection 110 is fully rotatably connected with the crossarm assembly 12.In other embodiments, the high-voltage end connection may have only a first rotating portion or a second rotating portion, and correspondingly, only the other end of the column insulator or the suspension insulator may be connected to the rotating body, so that the high-voltage end connection is partially rotatably connected to the crossarm assembly. When the crossarm assembly has other structures such as single column double suspension, single column triple suspension, double column double suspension or similar, one or more first rotating portions and / or second rotating portions may be provided. The other end of any one or more insulators is connected to a rotating body to have the high-voltage end connections partially or fully rotatably connected. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 64 / 80 16 / 30 with the crossarm assembly. The number of rotating portions of the high-voltage end connections and the number of rotating bodies of the insulators can be adjusted to match each other according to the specific structure of the crossarm assembly, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.
[046] The fastening plate 1111 of the fastening portion 111 is prepared by a forging process. The thickness of the peripheral edge of the fastening plate 1111, the thickness of the edges of the connecting holes 11111 and the holes for suspending line 11112, and the thickness of the plate surface at the centerline position where the hole for suspending midline 11112 is located are adjusted to be greater than the thickness of the plate surface at other positions of the fastening plate 1111, so that production and processing are facilitated and the mechanical performance of the fastening plate 1111 is improved. The connecting plate 1112 is prepared by a fusion process and production is simple. The fastening plate 1111 and the connecting plate 1112 are respectively shaped and joined together by welding to form the fastening portion 111.In other embodiments, the fastening plate can also be prepared by other processes such as fusion, the fastening plate can also have a uniform thickness, or the fastening plate can also have other shapes. The connecting plate can also be prepared by other processes such as forging, or the connecting plate and the fastening plate can also be formed directly as a single fastening portion. These can be designed according to specific requirements and are not specifically limited in the present invention.
[047] In other embodiments, the high-voltage end connection may not have a rotating portion, the crossarm assembly includes at least one insulator, and the other end of at least one insulator is fixedly connected to the high-voltage end connection. That is, the high-voltage end connection includes only the fastening portion. The structure of the fastening portion is as Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pages 65 / 80 17 / 30 described above and need not be repeated here again. The other end of the insulator is directly and securely connected to the mounting hole in the connection plate or to the connection hole in the fixing plate. The structure of the high-voltage end connection is further simplified and the manufacturing cost is reduced as the conductor is directly suspended in the high-voltage end connection without the suspension connection cords.
[048] In an application scenario, with reference to figures 1, 4 and 5, the low voltage end of the crossarm assembly 12 is fixedly connected to the tower body 11. One end of the column insulator 121 is fixedly connected to the tower body 11 through the first connection assembly 13 and one end of the suspension insulator 122 is fixedly connected to the tower body 11 through the second connection assembly 14 so that the connection between the crossarm assembly 12 and the tower body 11 is secure.
[049] With reference to Figure 1 and Figure 4, the first connection assembly 13 includes a connection base plate 131 and connection protrusions 132. The connection protrusions 132 are fixedly arranged on the connection base plate 131. The connection base plate 131 is fixedly connected to the tower body 11. The connection protrusions 132 are fixedly connected to the column insulator 121. A plurality of direct holes is formed in the connection base plate 131 and a plurality of direct holes is formed in the tower body 11 correspondingly. The connection base plate 131 and the tower body 11 are fixedly connected by providing fasteners such as screws inserted into the corresponding direct holes in the connection base plate 131 and the tower body 11, nuts matched to the screws, etc.
[050] Additionally, to securely connect the column insulators 121, the first connection assembly 13 is provided with four connection protrusions 132, which are symmetrically arranged around the center of the connection base plate 131 in a cross shape and one end of each of the four Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 66 / 80 18 / 30 connecting prongs 132 are placed against each other. The connecting prongs 132 are trapezoidal sheet metal members with right angles. A right-angled side edge of each connecting prong 132 (i.e., the right-angled waist of the trapezoidal shape) is affixed to the connecting base plate 131, and a lower base edge of each connecting prong 132 is abutted with other connecting prongs, i.e., the lower base edges of the four connecting prongs 132 are abutted against each other. The material cost is reduced while improving the connection strength of the connecting prongs 132. The connecting prongs 132 are fixed to the connecting base plate 131 by welding. Obviously, in other embodiments, the connecting protrusions may have two, three or more, which is not specifically limited in the present invention, provided that the column insulator can be stably connected to the tower body.
[051] The column insulator 121 is fixedly connected to the first connection assembly 13 through a connection member 17. A first flange 1211 is formed at the end of the column insulator 121 near the tower body 11. The first flange 1211 includes a first sleeve 12111 and a cross-shaped insert plate 12112. The first sleeve 12111 is fixedly connected to one end of the column insulator 121. The cross-shaped insert plate 12112 is fixedly arranged at one end of the first sleeve 12111 away from the column insulator 121. The cross-shaped insert plate 12112 is fixedly connected to the connection shoulders 132 through a connection member 17 so that the column insulator 121 is fixedly connected to the first connection assembly 13.
[052] One end of the cross-shaped insert plate 12112 distant from the first sleeve 12111 is abutted against a cross top of the connecting shoulders 132 in a corresponding manner. The connecting member 17 includes four steels Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 67 / 80 19 / 30 angles fitted back to back with each other. Each of the angle steels includes two plates perpendicularly connected to each other, and the cross-section of each of the angle steels is L-shaped. Each angle steel is arranged between two adjacent connecting protrusions 132 and adjacent plate surfaces of the cross-shaped insert plate 12112, that is, the perpendicular plates of each angle steel are placed against the adjacent connecting protrusions 132 and the adjacent plate surfaces of the cross-shaped insert plate 12112 respectively at the same time, and each angle steel is fixedly connected to the connecting protrusions 132, the cross-shaped insert plate 12112 and an adjacent angle steel at the same time, thus fixedly connecting the first connecting assembly 13 and the column insulator 121. A plurality of through holes are formed in the cross-shaped insert plate 12112.A plurality of direct holes is also formed in the connecting protrusions 132 near the position where the four connecting protrusions 132 are brought together. A plurality of direct holes is also formed in a corresponding position of the connecting member 17 where the connecting member 17 is brought together with the cross-shaped insert plate 12112 and the connecting protrusion 132. The cross-shaped insert plate 12112 and the connecting protrusions 132 are securely connected by providing fasteners such as screws inserted into the corresponding direct holes in the cross-shaped insert plate 12112, the connecting protrusion 132 and the connecting member 17, nuts matched to the screws, etc.In other embodiments, the connecting member may be provided as two, three or more angle steels, or the connecting member may be a structure formed by plate-like members, or the insert plate in the shape of a cross, the connecting shoulder and the connecting member may be fixedly connected by welding or similar means, which is not specifically limited in the present invention, provided that the plate. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 68 / 80 20 / 30 insertion in cross format and the connecting protrusion can be fixedly connected.
[053] Additionally, a plurality of direct holes is formed in the connecting member 17, the shapes and sizes of each direct hole are consistent and each direct hole is located in different positions in the connecting member 17. Any direct hole in the connecting member 17 can be selected to be fixedly connected with the direct holes formed in the cross-shaped insert plate 12112 and the connecting boss 132. The direct holes in the connecting member 17 used to connect the cross-shaped insert plate 12112 and the connecting boss 132 in a case are defined as a group of direct holes and the direct holes in the connecting member 17 can be divided into multiple groups.Each group of direct holes can be used to securely connect the cross-shaped insert plate 12112 and the connecting shoulder 132, so that a relative distance between the cross-shaped insert plate 12112 and the connecting shoulder 132 is adjustable, assembly redundancy is increased, assembly difficulty is reduced, and assembly efficiency is improved.
[054] With reference to figures 1 and 5, the second connection assembly 14 includes a first sub-connection 141 and a second sub-connection 142. The first sub-connection 141 is configured to be connected to the suspension insulator 122. One end of the second sub-connection 142 is adjustablely connected to the first sub-connection 141, and the other end of the second sub-connection 142 is configured to be connected to the tower body 11, so that the suspension insulator 122 is fixedly connected to the tower body 11.
[055] The first sub-connection 141 is a fan-shaped plane angle connection, and has a plurality of mounting portions 1411 arranged in an arc shape. The second sub-connection 142 is connected Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 69 / 80 21 / 30 alternatively to a mounting portion 1411. The second sublink connection 142 includes a plurality of mutually connected U-rings 1421. By providing the plurality of mounting portions 1411 and the plurality of U-rings 1421 to be used in combination, a distance and a relative angle between the tower body 11 and the suspension insulator 122 can be adjusted, so that mounting redundancy is increased, mounting difficulty is reduced, and mounting efficiency is improved.
[056] The suspension insulator 122 is fixedly connected to the first sub-connection 141 by a fastener. One end of the suspension insulator 122 is provided with a U-shaped notch connection 1221. Direct holes are formed in both sheet metal surfaces of the U-shaped notch connection 1221 and corresponding direct holes are formed in the first sub-connection 141. The first sub-connection 141 and the U-shaped notch connection 1221 are fixedly connected by providing fasteners such as screws inserted into the direct holes in the first sub-connection 141 and in the U-shaped notch connection 1221, nuts matched to the screws, etc. In other embodiments, various mounting portions may also be arranged in a straight line along an extension direction of the suspension insulator, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.It may be the second sub-connection that is connected to the suspension insulator, while the first sub-connection is connected to the tower body, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.
[057] In another application scenario, with reference to figures 6 to 8, the low-voltage end of the crossarm assembly 12 is rotatably connected to the lower body 11. One end of the column insulator 121 is connected to the tower body 11 via a first hinge assembly 15 so that the column insulator 121 can rotate in a horizontal plane. One end of the Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 70 / 80 The 22 / 30 suspension insulator 122 is connected to the tower body 11 via a second hinge assembly 16 so that the suspension insulator 122 can rotate in the horizontal plane. In this way, the unbalanced stress can be further relieved, the force on the crossarm assembly 12 can be reduced, thus reducing the specifications of the crossarm assembly 12 and reducing costs.
[058] With reference to figures 7, the first hinge assembly 15 includes a first hinge support 151 and a first hinge member 152. The first hinge support 151 is fixedly connected to the tower body 11. The first hinge member 152 is fixedly connected to the column insulator 121. The first hinge support 151 and the first hinge member 152 are rotatably connected via a first hinge shaft. The first hinge support 151 includes a first hinge base plate 1511 and two first hinge side plates 1512 spaced opposite each other at intervals. A plurality of direct holes is formed in the first hinge base plate 1511 and a plurality of direct holes is formed in the tower body 11, correspondingly.The first hinge base plate 1511 and the tower body 11 are securely connected by fasteners such as screws inserted into corresponding through holes in the first hinge support 151 and the tower body 11, nuts matched to the screws, etc. The first two hinge side plates 1512 are fixed to the first hinge base plate 1511 at intervals; the sheet surfaces of the first two hinge side plates 1512 are arranged parallel to each other, and through holes are formed in the first two hinge side plates 1512 accordingly. The first hinge member 152 includes a first hinge portion 1521 and a U-shaped member 1522. The first hinge portion 1521 has a columnar structure. The first hinge portion 1521 is arranged between the first two hinge side plates 1512. Through holes are correspondingly formed in the... Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 71 / 80 23 / 30 first portion of hinge 1521 along its axial direction. By providing a rotating member as a first hinge axis to pass through the direct holes of the first two hinge side plates 1512 and the direct hole of the first hinge member 152, the first hinge member 152 is rotatably connected to the first hinge support 151.
[059] The column insulator 121 is fixedly connected to the first hinge member 152 by fasteners. A second flange 1212 is formed at one end of the column insulator 121 near the tower body 11. The second flange 1212 includes a second sleeve 12121 and an insert plate 12122. The second sleeve 12121 is fixedly connected to one end of the column insulator 121. The insert plate 12122 is fixedly disposed at one end of the second sleeve 12121 distant from the column insulator 121. A through hole is formed in the insert plate 12122. A U-shaped member 1522 of the first hinge member 152 is connected to one end of the first hinge portion 1521 distant from the first hinge support 151. Through holes are formed in both sheet metal surfaces of the U-shaped member 1522.The insert plate 12122 and the U-shaped member 1522 are securely connected by providing fasteners such as screws inserted into corresponding through holes in the insert plate 12122 and the U-shaped member 1522, nuts matched to the screws, etc. In other embodiments, the insert plate and the U-shaped member may be securely connected by welding or similar means, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.
[060] With reference to figure 8, the second hinge assembly 16 includes a second hinge support 161 and a second hinge member 162. The second hinge support 161 is fixedly connected to the tower body 11. The second hinge member 162 is fixedly connected to the suspension insulator 122. The second hinge support 161 and the second hinge member 162 are Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 72 / 80 24 / 30 rotatably connected via a second hinge axis. The second hinge support 161 includes a second hinge base plate 1611 and two second hinge side plates 1612 arranged at intervals. The specific structure of the second hinge support 161 is similar to the overall structure of the first hinge support 151 and is not repeatedly described here. The second hinge member 162 includes a second hinge portion 1621 and an arch-shaped plate 1622. The second hinge portion 1621 has a columnar structure. The second hinge portion 1621 is arranged between the two second hinge side plates 1612. Direct holes are formed in the second hinge portion 1621 along its axial direction.By providing a rotating member as a second hinge axis to pass through the direct holes of the two second hinge side plates 1612 and the direct hole of the second hinge member 162, the second hinge member 162 is rotatably connected to the second hinge support 161.
[061] The suspension insulator 122 is fixedly connected to the second hinge assembly 16 via the second connection assembly 14. The specific structure of the second connection assembly 14 and a way of connecting the suspension insulator 122 to the second connection assembly 14 are as described above and are not repeatedly described here. The second connection assembly 14 and the second hinge assembly 16 are fixedly connected by providing matching bolts inserted into the corresponding direct holes in the U-ring 1421 of the second connection assembly 14 and an arc-shaped plate 1622 of the second hinge member 162, nuts matched to the bolts, etc.
[062] In this embodiment, the geometric axis of the column insulator 121 is horizontally arranged to facilitate the assembly and fixing of the high-voltage end connection 110. When two or more wires are suspended by the high-voltage end connection 110, it is normally necessary to arrange two Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 73 / 80 25 / 30 wires of the same type at the same horizontal height. When the horizontally arranged column insulator 121 is connected with the high-voltage end connection 110, a mounting angle of the high-voltage end connection 110 does not need to be considered in the design, and the high-voltage end connection 110 can be mounted directly horizontally to suspend the wires. The design and mounting operation are simple. In other embodiments, the geometric axis of the column insulator can be inclined upwards with respect to the horizontal direction, and a specific inclination angle can be designed according to the requirements, provided that a mounting angle of the high-voltage end connection is correspondingly adjusted, and then the suspended wires meet the requirements.In the case of carrying the same load, compared to a horizontally arranged column insulator, an inclined column insulator supports less voltage, and in the case of carrying the same load, an inclined column insulator with a lower specification can be used to ensure safety and improve economic efficiency.
[063] In the present embodiment, a geometric axis of rotation of the column insulator 121 and a geometric axis of rotation of the suspension insulator 122 are collinear and the geometric axis of rotation is in the vertical direction. When unbalanced longitudinal tension occurs in the wires on both sides of the crossarm assembly 12, the column insulator 121 and the suspension insulator 122 can deflect in the horizontal plane and an extension of the wires on both sides (a horizontal distance between the wire suspension points of two adjacent transmission towers) and other parameters can be altered, so that when the deflection reaches an appropriate position, the tension in the wires on both sides reaches a new equilibrium and the release of the unbalanced longitudinal tension is completed.
[064] In other embodiments, the geometric axis of rotation may be inclined with respect to the vertical direction and the angle of inclination of the geometric axis Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 74 / 80A 26 / 30 rotation can be designed according to requirements; only the transmission tower connection structure needs to be adjusted accordingly. Since the rotation path of the high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly is an arc path with a radius being a perpendicular distance from the high-voltage end to the geometric axis of rotation in a plane of rotation perpendicular to the geometric axis of rotation. For a vertically arranged geometric axis of rotation, the high-voltage end rotates in the horizontal plane of rotation and does not move upwards in the vertical direction.When the geometric axis of rotation is inclined with respect to the vertical direction, the plane of rotation perpendicular to the geometric axis of rotation is inclined upwards with respect to the horizontal direction, so that the high-voltage end tends to move upwards when the column insulator and the suspension insulator rotate around the inclined geometric axis of rotation. That is, when the column insulator and the suspension insulator do not rotate, the high-voltage end is in a static state and located at the lowest point. When the column insulator and the suspension insulator rotate with respect to the tower body, the high-voltage end moves upwards.However, the high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly supports a downward vertical load due to the weight of the suspended wires and the crossarm assembly itself, which can suppress an upward movement tendency of the high-voltage end and thus suppress the continuous rotation of the crossarm assembly in order to avoid an effect where there is insufficient electrical clearance between the wires and the tower body due to the large rotation angle of the crossarm assembly, and when the column insulator and the suspension insulator no longer rotate, the crossarm assembly reaches a balanced state.
[065] In another embodiment, the crossarm assembly includes a column insulator and at least two suspension insulators, that is, the number of suspension insulators may be two, three or more. One end of each of the Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 75 / 80 The 27 / 30 column insulator and at least two suspension insulators are configured to be connected to the tower body of the transmission tower, and their other ends are connected together via the high-voltage end connection, thereby forming the end of the crossarm assembly for suspending the conductor.
[066] In cases where the number of suspension insulators is greater than two, the crossarm assembly has a single column double suspension structure, a single column triple suspension structure, or other corresponding structures, and several suspension insulators are arranged at intervals around the column insulators. In a case where the crossarm assembly has a single column double suspension structure, the two suspension insulators are situated above the column insulator, and an angle between the column insulator and the suspension insulator varies from 15° to 45°, for example, 15°, 30°, or 45°. In a case where the crossarm assembly has a single column triple suspension structure and the rotation axes of two suspension insulators are in the same plane as the geometric axis of the column insulator, these two suspension insulators are defined as the first suspension insulators, and the other suspension insulator is defined as the second suspension insulator.The distances between the second suspension insulator and each of the first two suspension insulators are equal. The angle between the first two suspension insulators varies from 45° to 90°, for example, 45°, 60°, or 90°. The angle between the second suspension insulator and the column insulator varies from 25° to 45°, for example, 25°, 30°, 35°, or 45°.
[067] The high-voltage end connection is correspondingly provided with a first rotating portion and at least two second rotating portions. The number of the second rotating portion is equal to the number of the suspension insulators. The other end of the column insulator is rotatably connected to the first rotating portion. The other end of each of the at least two Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 76 / 80 28 / 30 suspension insulators are rotatably connected to each of the second rotating portions. It should be noted that regardless of whether the number of suspension insulators is one, two, three, or more, their connection relationship with the high-voltage end connections is universal.
[068] In yet another embodiment, the crossarm assembly includes two column insulators and two suspension insulators, that is, the crossarm assembly has a double column double suspension structure. One end of each of the two column insulators and the two suspension insulators is configured to be connected to the tower body of the transmission tower and their other ends are connected together by means of the high-voltage end connection, thus forming the end of the crossarm assembly for suspending the conductor. The two suspension insulators are situated on the same side as the two column insulators and are respectively arranged adjacent to the two column insulators. Meanwhile, an angle formed between the two column insulators varies from 20° to 50°, for example, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45° or 50°. An angle formed between the column insulator and its adjacent suspension insulator varies from 15° to 45°, for example, 15°, 30° or 45°.The arrangement of the two column insulators and the two suspension insulators provides a stable triangular structure between the crossarm assembly and the tower body of the transmission tower, thereby greatly improving the stability of the crossarm assembly.
[069] The high-voltage end connection is correspondingly provided with two first rotating portions and two second rotating portions. The other ends of the two column insulators are rotatably connected to the two first rotating portions, respectively. The other ends of the two suspension insulators are rotatably connected to the two second rotating portions, respectively. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 77 / 80 29 / 30
[070] In yet another embodiment, the crossarm assembly may not be equipped with a suspension insulator and the crossarm assembly includes only a column insulator. When the number of column insulators is one, the crossarm assembly has a single column structure. One end of the column insulator is configured to be connected to the tower body of the transmission tower and the other end is connected directly to the high-voltage end connection and configured as the end of the crossarm assembly to suspend the conductor. The high-voltage end connection is equipped only with a first rotating portion. The other end of the column insulator is rotatably connected to the first rotating portion.
[071] The advantages of the present disclosure are described below. Unlike the previous technique, the high-voltage end connections are connected to the high-voltage ends of the crossarm assembly, which are of simple structure and can effectively release unbalanced voltage from the transmission lines. Therefore, it is not necessary to release the unbalanced voltage through a certain length of suspension connection cords, so the conductor can be hung directly on the high-voltage end connection through the suspension clamp. As a result, the tower head arrangement is more compact while the longitudinal strength requirement is met for the transmission tower, thus reducing the overall cost.
[072] At the same time, the low-voltage end of the crossarm assembly is configured to be rotatably connected to the tower body. In this way, the unbalanced voltage can be further relieved, the force on the crossarm assembly can be reduced, and thus reducing the crossarm assembly specifications and costs.
[073] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the high-voltage end connection can suspend a single conductor, a bundle of double conductors, and a bundle Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 78 / 80 30 / 30 triple conductors, so the exposure range is wide and the economic efficiency is high.
[074] The above describes only some embodiments of the present disclosure and does not limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made based on the description and drawings of the present disclosure, whether directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is similarly included in the scope of protection of the disclosure. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 79 / 80
Claims
1 / 3 CLAIMS 1. Crossarm assembly, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: at least one insulator, one end of the at least one insulator being configured to be connected to a tower body of a transmission tower, forming a low-voltage end of the crossarm assembly and the other end of the at least one insulator being configured as an end of the crossarm assembly to suspend a conductor, forming a high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly; and a high-voltage end connection, comprising a fastening portion, the high-voltage end connection being configured to be connected to the other end of the at least one insulator and suspend at least one conductor.
2. Crossarm assembly, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the crossarm assembly comprises a column insulator, one end of the column insulator is configured to be connected to the tower body and the other end of the column insulator is configured as the end of the crossarm assembly for suspending the conductor.
3. Crossarm assembly, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED in that the crossarm assembly further comprises at least one suspension insulator, the end of the column insulator and one end of the suspension insulator are both configured to be connected to the tower body and the other end of the column insulator and the other end of the suspension insulator are connected together via the high-voltage end connection and configured as the end of the crossarm assembly for suspending the conductor.
4. Crossarm assembly, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the high-voltage end connection further comprises at least one rotating portion connected to the fixing portion, the rotating portion being rotatably connected to the other end of the insulator and the high-voltage end connection being rotatably connected to the high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly.
5. Crossarm assembly, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED in that the rotating portion has a rotating chamber, the other end of the insulator is provided with a rotating body and the rotating body is rotatable in the rotating chamber, so that the high-voltage end connection is rotatably connected with the high-voltage end of the crossarm assembly.
6. Crossarm assembly, according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED in that the fastening portion comprises a fastening plate and a connecting plate, the fastening plate and the connecting plate are arranged to be perpendicular to each other and securely connected, and the fastening plate and the connecting plate are configured to connect the rotating portion.
7. Crosshead assembly, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that the rotating portion comprises a first rotating plate and a first rotating block, the first rotating plate being fixedly connected to the connecting plate, the first rotating block being fixedly connected to one side of the first rotating plate away from the connecting plate, and the rotating chamber being formed in the first rotating block.
8. Crossarm assembly, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that the rotating portion comprises two secondary rotating plates and a secondary rotating block, the two secondary rotating plates being arranged opposite each other on the same side of the secondary rotating block at intervals and being arranged parallel to each other, the two secondary rotating plates being fixed on both sides of the fixing plate and being fixedly connected to the fixing plate, and the rotating chamber being formed in the secondary rotating block. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 41 / 80 3 / 3 9. Crosshead assembly, according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED in that the rotating body is a sphere and the rotating chamber is a socket.
10. Crossarm assembly, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the low-voltage end of the crossarm assembly is rotatably connected to the tower body via a hinge assembly, the hinge assembly comprising a hinge support and a hinge member, the hinge support being fixedly connected to the tower body, the hinge member being fixedly connected to the crossarm assembly, and the hinge support and the hinge member being rotatably connected via a hinge shaft.
11. Crossarm assembly, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the high-voltage end connection is connected with at least one suspension clamp and the conductor is hung directly on the suspension clamp.
12. Crossarm assembly, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED in that at least one hole for suspending a line is formed in the mounting plate and a suspension clamp is hung in the hole for suspending the line.
13. Transmission tower, CHARACTERIZED in that it comprises: a tower body and the crossarm assembly as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the crossarm assembly is disposed on the tower body. Petition 870250084514, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 42 / 80