Solid waste treatment device

Abstract

The application provides a solid waste treatment device, which comprises a solid waste receiving chamber and a melting chamber. The solid waste receiving chamber is used for receiving solid waste. The melting chamber is in communication with the solid waste receiving chamber, and the melting chamber comprises a plasma heating device and a containing part. The plasma heating device is used for melting treatment of the solid waste to form gas and molten slag. The containing part is in communication with the outside through a first slag discharge pipeline and a second slag discharge pipeline. The molten slag has an overflow liquid level and a minimum liquid level, the inlet of the first slag discharge pipeline is arranged at the overflow liquid level, the inlet of the second slag discharge pipeline is below the minimum liquid level, and the second slag discharge pipeline can be switched between an open state and a closed state, so that the molten slag can be discharged from the above two slag discharge pipelines simultaneously or separately. The solid waste treatment device has the characteristics of high melting efficiency, fast reaction rate of organic matter, more thorough decomposition, better decomposition effect and the like. Moreover, the double-pipeline slag discharge mode can realize automatic slag discharge of the molten slag.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hazardous solid waste treatment technology, and more specifically to a solid waste treatment device. Background Technology

[0002] The petrochemical, pharmaceutical, electronics, fine chemical, and automotive exhaust purification industries generate a large amount of hazardous waste during the production process, such as solid hazardous waste like catalyst waste.

[0003] Statistics show that the world consumes approximately 800,000 tons of solid catalysts annually, generating 500,000 to 700,000 tons of catalyst waste. With economic development, the amount of catalyst waste will further increase. If catalyst waste is not scientifically managed, its toxic and harmful components will pollute the environment and endanger human health. Furthermore, since commonly used solid catalysts include silver, platinum, palladium, and rhodium catalysts, ineffective treatment of catalyst waste will result in the loss of some precious metal resources. Therefore, the effective treatment and utilization of hazardous waste such as catalyst waste has received increasing attention.

[0004] Currently, common methods for recycling hazardous waste such as catalyst waste include dry processes, wet processes, and combined dry and wet processes. Dry processes are energy-intensive and generate calcination furnace fumes during melting and smelting. Wet processes produce acidic waste gases, process wastewater, and filter residue (including impurity removal residue). The byproducts of both methods cause secondary pollution to the environment, which is detrimental to environmental protection.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a solid waste treatment device to at least partially solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The summary section introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. The summary section of this invention is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0007] To at least partially solve the above-mentioned problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a solid waste treatment apparatus is provided, comprising a solid waste receiving chamber and a melting chamber located below the solid waste receiving chamber.

[0008] The solid waste receiving chamber is used to receive solid waste.

[0009] The melting chamber is connected to the solid waste receiving chamber, and the melting chamber includes a plasma heating device and a container for containing the molten slag.

[0010] The plasma heating device is used to melt the solid waste by the plasma heating method to form a cracked gas and a liquid molten slag.

[0011] The containing part is communicated with the outside through a first slag discharge pipeline and a second slag discharge pipeline to discharge the molten slag.

[0012] The molten slag has an overflow liquid level and a lowest liquid level in the containing part, the inlet of the first slag discharge pipeline is arranged at the overflow liquid level, the inlet of the second slag discharge pipeline is below the lowest liquid level, and the second slag discharge pipeline can be switched between an open state and a closed state to enable the molten slag to be discharged from the first slag discharge pipeline and the second slag discharge pipeline simultaneously or separately.

[0013] According to the scheme, the high specific heat capacity and high thermal conductivity of the plasma can make the incineration temperature of the solid waste high, easy to melt into a liquid state, and easy to crack the organic matter. Due to the high-temperature environment generated by the plasma, the melting efficiency is high, the reaction rate of the organic matter is fast, the decomposition is more thorough, and the decomposition effect is better.

[0014] Due to the double-pipeline slag discharge method, the molten slag can be automatically discharged, so that the discharged liquid molten slag can be conveniently concentrated and treated. The storage amount of the molten slag in the melting chamber can be maintained within a certain range, thereby improving the melting efficiency of the molten slag.

[0015] Preferably, the melting chamber further comprises a first pipeline heating device to keep the first slag discharge pipeline at a first holding temperature. Thus, the first slag discharge pipeline can be kept in an open state for a long time by heating.

[0016] Preferably, the melting chamber further comprises a second pipeline heating device to heat the second slag discharge pipeline from a second holding temperature to the first holding temperature or above. Thus, the second slag discharge pipeline can be switched between the open state and the closed state by heating.

[0017] Preferably, the melting chamber further comprises an air conveying pipeline communicated with the containing part to provide air to the containing part. Thus, the cracking reaction of the organic matter can be more thorough, and coke can be avoided from blocking the slag discharge pipeline.

[0018] Preferably, the plasma heating device is arranged in a plasma generator pipeline communicated with the containing part, and the outlet of the plasma generator pipeline and the outlet of the air conveying pipeline are oppositely arranged. Thus, the contact effect of the organic matter and the air can be improved, thereby improving the reaction efficiency.

[0019] Preferably, the plasma generator pipe and the air conveying pipe are both angled with respect to a horizontal plane, and the intersection of the center line of the plasma generator pipe and the vertical center line of the melting chamber is lower than the intersection of the center line of the air conveying pipe and the vertical center line of the melting chamber.

[0020] Preferably, the solid waste treatment device further comprises a burner and a preheating chamber located between the solid waste receiving chamber and the melting chamber, the preheating chamber being in communication with the solid waste receiving chamber and the melting chamber, and the burner being arranged in a burner pipe in communication with the preheating chamber to provide a heat source for the solid waste treatment device when the solid waste treatment device is started and operated. Thus, the melting chamber and the preheating chamber can be preheated by auxiliary heating when the solid waste treatment device starts to operate.

[0021] Preferably, the preheating chamber and the melting chamber have a first passage through which the solid waste and the gas pass, and the solid waste receiving chamber has a second passage through which the solid waste and the gas pass, so that the gas flows upward to exchange heat with the solid waste.

[0022] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the first passage in the radial direction is greater than the cross-sectional area of the containing portion in the radial direction, and / or the cross-sectional area of the second passage in the radial direction is less than the cross-sectional area of the first passage in the radial direction. Thus, the heating effect of the solid-gas fluidized bed on the solid waste can be improved, thereby improving the utilization rate of energy. And the exhaust temperature of the gas is reduced.

[0023] Preferably, the solid waste receiving chamber, the preheating chamber and the melting chamber are independent components and are detachably connected to each other. Thus, the maintenance and transportation of the solid waste treatment device are facilitated, and the maintenance and transportation costs are reduced.

[0024] Preferably, the solid waste receiving chamber, the preheating chamber and the melting chamber are respectively provided with a heat-resistant lining, and the lining is provided with a plurality of lining layers in the radial direction, and the plurality of lining layers are made of different lining materials. Thus, the manufacturing cost of the solid waste treatment device is reduced, and the service life is improved.

[0025] Preferably, the solid waste treatment device further comprises a screw feeder for conveying the solid waste, and the screw feeder is in communication with the solid waste receiving chamber through a solid waste conveying pipe. Thus, the solid waste can be conveyed by screw feeding.

[0026] Preferably, the solid waste treatment device further comprises a flue gas pipe located above the solid waste receiving chamber, and the flue gas pipe comprises a third passage in communication with the solid waste receiving chamber to enable the gas to be discharged. Thus, the gas can be discharged from the flue gas pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] The following figures are included as part of this invention for understanding its principles. The figures illustrate embodiments of the invention and their descriptions, serving to explain the apparatus and principles of the invention. In the figures,

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solid waste treatment apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Another schematic diagram of the solid waste treatment device shown in the figure;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the melting chamber is shown in the image;

[0031] Figure 4 For along Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-section intercepted by the centerline AA;

[0032] Figure 5 For along Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-section cut by the centerline BB;

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the interior of the preheating chamber;

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A top-down view;

[0035] Figure 8 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the interior of the solid waste receiving chamber.

[0036] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A top-down view; and

[0037] Figure 10 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the internal structure of the flue gas duct. Detailed Implementation

[0038] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0039] To fully understand the present invention, detailed structures will be presented in the following description to illustrate it. Obviously, the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below; however, the present invention may have other embodiments besides these detailed descriptions and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0040] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is intended only to describe particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. When the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of the stated feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” and similar expressions used in this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting.

[0041] The ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" used in this invention are merely identifiers and do not have any other meaning, such as a specific order. Moreover, for example, the term "first component" does not imply the existence of "second component," and the term "second component" does not imply the existence of "first component."

[0042] Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate representative embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a solid waste treatment device 100 for treating solid waste such as catalyst waste. For ease of explanation, the solid waste treatment device 100 will be described below using catalyst waste as an example.

[0044] The solid waste treatment device 100 includes a solid waste receiving chamber 110 for receiving solid waste and a melting chamber 120 located below the solid waste receiving chamber 110. The melting chamber 120 is in communication with the solid waste receiving chamber 110. Specifically, in one embodiment of the invention, the solid waste receiving chamber 110 includes a solid waste conveying pipe 111 and a second channel P2. The solid waste conveying pipe 111 is in communication with the second channel P2, and the second channel P2 is in communication with the melting chamber 120, so that catalyst waste can be conveyed from the solid waste conveying pipe 111 into the solid waste receiving chamber 110, and enters the melting chamber 120 through the second channel P2 due to gravity. In the melting chamber 120, the catalyst waste can be melted to form pyrolysis gas (flue gas) and liquid slag.

[0045] Further, the solid waste treatment device 100 further comprises a preheating chamber 130 between the solid waste receiving chamber 110 and the melting chamber 120. The preheating chamber 130 and the melting chamber 120 comprise a first passage P1. The first passage P1 is in communication with a second passage P2. And the catalyst waste material can enter the second passage P2 from the first passage P1. The preheating chamber 130 is in communication with the solid waste receiving chamber 110 and the melting chamber 120 through the first passage P1. The preheating chamber 130 further comprises a burner pipe 131 in communication with the first passage P1. The burner pipe 131 can deliver a heat source such as a flame of gas to heat the melting chamber 120 and the preheating chamber 130 to a second heating temperature.

[0046] In order to melt the catalyst waste material into liquid state, the melting chamber 120 comprises a plasma heating device 121. The plasma heating device 121 is used to heat the catalyst waste material by plasma heating to provide a first heating temperature to melt the catalyst waste material. The first heating temperature is preferably 1300-1500 °C. For example, the plasma heating device 121 can provide a flame with a temperature up to 3000 °C, so that the first heating temperature of the melting chamber 120 can be about 1450 °C. Usually the catalyst waste material is formed into particles with a carrier such as silica. According to the production process for which the catalyst is used, the catalyst waste material usually contains corresponding heavy metals and organic matter. The organic matter is usually a macromolecular organic matter containing benzene ring. The present application utilizes the fact that plasma can rapidly melt the catalyst waste material in the plasma flow under high temperature conditions, the heavy metals are wrapped in the liquid molten slag, and the macromolecular organic matter is cracked into one or more of hydrocarbon small molecules, CO, CO2, H2, etc. Further, the plasma heating device 121 comprises a plasma generator.

[0047] The melting chamber 120 comprises a containing portion 122 containing the molten slag. The catalyst waste material can be melted in the containing portion 122, the gas formed flows upward along the first passage P1 and the second passage P2 to be discharged, and the molten slag formed is stored in the containing portion 122. The melting chamber 120 is provided with a first slag discharge pipe 124 and a second slag discharge pipe 125 in communication with the outside, and the liquid molten slag can be discharged from the first slag discharge pipe 124 and the second slag discharge pipe 125 simultaneously or separately.

[0048] The melting process of the catalyst waste material is as follows:

[0049] First, under high temperature conditions, the hot plasma with high specific heat capacity and high thermal conductivity rapidly gasifies the macromolecular organic matter that can be gasified in the catalyst waste material, and the non-gasifiable substances are directly melted into liquid molten slag.

[0050] Secondly, the hot plasma stream containing a large amount of active ions, electrons and free radicals with high energy can cause the macromolecular organic matter in the catalyst waste to be cracked to form various small molecules in a very short time. The liquid slag can be discharged outside the solid waste treatment device 100 through the first slag discharge pipeline 124 and the second slag discharge pipeline 125.

[0051] Finally, the molten slag is cooled by water quenching to form a safe glassy substance which can be directly used as a building material.

[0052] Further, the molten slag has an overflow liquid level and a minimum liquid level in the containing portion 122. The inlet of the first slag discharge pipeline 124 is arranged at the overflow liquid level, and the inlet of the second slag discharge pipeline 125 is below the minimum liquid level. The second slag discharge pipeline 125 has an open state and a closed state, and can be switched between the two states.

[0053] Generally, the second slag discharge pipeline 125 is in the closed state. When the molten slag reaches the overflow liquid level, or is higher than the overflow liquid level, it indicates that there is a large amount of molten slag in the containing portion 122, and a large amount of slag needs to be discharged. In this case, since the inlet of the first slag discharge pipeline 124 is arranged at the overflow liquid level, the molten slag can be discharged from the first slag discharge pipeline 124. In an embodiment of the present application, in this case, the molten slag can be discharged only from the first slag discharge pipeline 124, i.e. the second slag discharge pipeline 125 is still in the closed state. In another embodiment of the present application, the second slag discharge pipeline 125 can also be switched from the closed state to the open state, so that the molten slag can also be discharged from the second slag discharge pipeline 125, i.e. the molten slag can be discharged from the first slag discharge pipeline 124 and the second slag discharge pipeline 125 at the same time.

[0054] With the discharge of the molten slag, the molten slag will drop below the overflow liquid level, at which time the molten slag cannot be discharged from the first slag discharge pipeline 124 due to the inlet of the first slag discharge pipeline 124 being arranged at the overflow liquid level, but can be discharged only from the second slag discharge pipeline 125. Finally, when the molten slag reaches the minimum liquid level, the second slag discharge pipeline 125 can be switched to the closed state to stop the discharge, so as to maintain the amount of molten slag in the containing portion 122 at or above the minimum liquid level. Since a certain amount of molten slag can be stored in the containing portion 122, when the catalyst waste is not fully melted, on the one hand, the catalyst waste that is not fully melted can continue to melt in the liquid molten slag, and on the other hand, the phenomenon of the catalyst waste that is not fully melted blocking the slag discharge pipeline is avoided.

[0055] In addition, after the catalyst waste is treated or when the solid waste treatment device 100 is shut down, it is desirable to discharge the molten slag in the holding portion 122 as much as possible or even completely, and therefore, in this case, the second slag discharge pipe 125 can be put in an open state so that the molten slag can be discharged only from the second slag discharge pipe 125. Preferably, in an embodiment of the present application, the inlet of the second slag discharge pipe 125 can be located at the lowest part of the holding portion 122, so that after the catalyst waste is treated or when the solid waste treatment device 100 is shut down, the molten slag in the holding portion 122 can be completely discharged only from the second slag discharge pipe 125.

[0056] It can be understood that the slag discharge process of the present application is an intermittent and repetitive process.

[0057] The present application adopts a double-pipe slag discharge mode and can realize autonomous control of slag discharge. This can improve the economic benefit of the solid waste treatment device 100.

[0058] Further, since the flue gas flows upward along the first channel P1 and the second channel P2, and the catalyst waste flows downward along the first channel P1 and the second channel P2, a gas-solid fluidized bed is formed in the first channel P1 and the second channel P2. Moreover, the temperature of the gas is higher than the temperature of the catalyst waste, so that heat exchange can be carried out between the two, especially in the first channel P1, thereby realizing preheating of the catalyst waste. In this way, not only the utilization of energy in the solid waste treatment device 100 is improved, but also the flue gas emission temperature is reduced. In addition, the melting efficiency of the catalyst waste is high and the effect is better.

[0059] Specifically, as shown in Figures 3 to 5 The melting chamber 120 further comprises a first pipe heating device (not shown), a second pipe heating device (not shown), and a molten slag discharge portion 123 located below the holding portion 122. The holding portion 122 comprises a holding portion body 1221 and a holding space formed by the holding portion body 1221. The first slag discharge pipe 124 and the second slag discharge pipe 125 pass through the holding portion body 1221 and the molten slag discharge portion 123. The first pipe heating device and the second pipe heating device can be arranged in the molten slag discharge portion 123.

[0060] The first pipe heating device is used to heat the first slag discharge pipe 124 and can keep the first slag discharge pipe 124 at a first holding temperature for a long time. The second pipe heating device is used to heat the second slag discharge pipe 125. On the one hand, the second pipe heating device can keep the second slag discharge pipe 125 at a second holding temperature for a long time, and on the other hand, the second pipe heating device can raise the temperature of the second slag discharge pipe 125 from the second holding temperature to the first holding temperature or above.

[0061] It should be noted that the first holding temperature can enable the molten slag to remain in liquid state in the first slag discharge conduit 124 and the second slag discharge conduit 125. Thus, when the first holding temperature is reached, the first slag discharge conduit 124 and the second slag discharge conduit 125 can be in an open state. As mentioned above, the first conduit heating device can enable the first slag discharge conduit 124 to remain at the first holding temperature for a long time, and thus the first slag discharge conduit 124 can be in the open state for a long time. The second holding temperature can enable the molten slag to change from liquid state to solid state in the second slag discharge conduit 125, and the solidified molten slag can block the second slag discharge conduit 125. Thus, the second slag discharge conduit 125 can be in a closed state.

[0062] It can be understood that the first holding temperature is higher than the second holding temperature. Preferably, for the catalyst waste, the first holding temperature is not lower than 1000°C, and can be preferably 1200°C. The second holding temperature is not lower than 600°C, and can be preferably 800°C. It should be noted that the first holding temperature and the second holding temperature can be appropriately adjusted according to the flowability of the molten slag, for example, the above-mentioned temperature values defined by the first holding temperature and the second holding temperature can be reduced.

[0063] If necessary and / or desired, the first conduit heating device and the second conduit heating device can be configured as one heating device including a plurality of heating elements. The heating elements can be respectively arranged at the two slag discharge conduits. The two slag discharge conduits can be temperature-controlled by controlling the heating power of the heating elements. Of course, the first conduit heating device and the second conduit heating device can also adopt any other arrangement. The first conduit heating device and the second conduit heating device can select one or more of electric heating, magnetic induction heating and gas heating according to actual engineering conditions.

[0064] In order to prevent the high-carbon-containing organic matter from forming coke during the cracking process, which can cause the first slag discharge conduit 124 and / or the second slag discharge conduit 125 to be blocked. As shown in FIG. 1, the melting chamber 120 further includes an air conveying conduit 126 in communication with the containing portion 122 to provide air to the containing portion 122. In this way, the high-carbon-containing organic matter can use the oxygen in the air to form small oxygen-containing molecules such as CO and CO2, thereby avoiding the blockage of the slag discharge conduit. Figure 3

[0065] ​Preferably, the plasma heating device 121 is arranged in a plasma generator pipe 127 which is in communication with the holding portion 122, so as to spray plasma to the holding portion 122. The outlet of the plasma generator pipe 127 and the outlet of the air conveying pipe 126 are oppositely arranged. In this way, the catalyst waste can be fully contacted with oxygen during the melting process, so as to improve the cracking effect of the organic matter. The plasma can be sprayed from the outlet of the plasma generator pipe 127, and the plasma heating device 121 can be installed through the inlet of the plasma generator pipe 127. The oxygen can enter from the inlet of the air conveying pipe 126, and be output from the outlet of the air conveying pipe 126 to the holding portion 122.

[0066] Specifically, the end of the plasma generator pipe 127 and the air conveying pipe 126 which is provided with the outlet is located in the melting chamber 120, and the other end which is provided with the inlet extends out of the melting chamber 120. The plasma generator pipe 127 and the air conveying pipe 126 are diagonally arranged with the vertical center line L1 of the melting chamber 120. Figure 4 ).

[0067] And as shown in Figure 3 , the plasma generator pipe 127 forms an angle with the horizontal plane, and the outlet is lower than the inlet. In this way, the spraying distance of the plasma flow in the holding portion 122 can be increased, and a larger reaction area of the catalyst waste can be formed. The air conveying pipe 126 also forms an angle with the horizontal plane, and the outlet is lower than the inlet. In this way, the intersection position of the air flow and the plasma flow can be arranged, so as to increase the contact effect of the air and the catalyst waste. Specifically, the angle of the plasma generator pipe 127 with the horizontal plane is α, and the angle of the air conveying pipe 126 with the horizontal plane is β. The values of α and β can be 0-90°. Preferably, the value of α is 5-55°, and the value of β is 0-30°.

[0068] The center line L2 of the plasma generator pipe 127 can intersect with the vertical center line L1 at intersection point a, and the center line L3 of the air conveying pipe 126 can intersect with the vertical center line L1 at intersection point b. In order to ensure the normal and efficient operation of the melting chamber 120, preferably, the intersection point a is lower than the intersection point b. In this way, the air can be directly conveyed to the plasma flow area, fully reacts with the organic matter, so as to improve the melting effect of the catalyst waste.

[0069] In addition, the center line L2 of the plasma generator pipe 127 intersects with the inner wall of the holding portion 122 at intersection point c, and the highest point of the inlet of the first slagging pipe 124 is point d. In order to ensure the normal and efficient operation of the melting chamber 120, preferably, the intersection point c is above the point d. In this way, when the molten slag reaches the overflow level, the plasma will not be sprayed into the molten slag, and the energy utilization efficiency of the plasma is improved.

[0070] Optionally, the plasma generator pipe 127 and the air delivery pipe 126 can be provided with multiple pairs according to the expected processing capacity of the solid waste treatment device 100. The multiple pairs of plasma generator pipe 127 and air delivery pipe 126 can be arranged in a ring array with the geometric center of the melting chamber 120. Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 2, the plasma generator pipe 127 and the air delivery pipe 126 are provided with 3 pairs and arranged in a ring array with the geometric center of the melting chamber 120, and the included angle formed by adjacent plasma generator pipe 127 and air delivery pipe 126 is 60°. In order to ensure the normal and efficient operation of the melting chamber 120, preferably, the multiple intersection points c can all be located above the point d.

[0071] Further, the side wall of the other end of the air delivery pipe 126 is provided with an air branch pipe 128, and air enters from the air branch pipe 128. The end of the other end of the air delivery pipe 126 is provided with a fire observation hole 129 to facilitate observation of the flame.

[0072] Since the melting process of the catalyst waste is carried out in the containing portion 122, the containing portion body 1221 needs to be made of temperature-resistant material. The temperature-resistant material can be graphite or zirconia, so that the containing portion body 1221 has high thermal reaction performance and can withstand a temperature of 1600°C.

[0073] The solid waste treatment device 100 further comprises a burner (not shown). The burner is arranged in a burner pipe 131 in communication with the preheating chamber 130 to provide a heat source for the solid waste treatment device 100 when the solid waste treatment device 100 is started and operated. Specifically, the entire solid waste treatment device is preheated when the solid waste treatment device is started, and an auxiliary heat source is provided during subsequent operation.

[0074] Specifically, the burner pipe 131 can be connected with the burner, and the flame (heat source) of the burner can enter the first passage P1 from the burner pipe 131 to preheat the preheating chamber 130 and the melting chamber 120, thereby reducing the driving energy (electricity) of the plasma heating device 121. The second heating temperature that can be reached by the first passage P1 is not less than 600°C. The preheating chamber 130 can be provided with a heat-resistant lining, so that in order to prevent the flame from burning out the lining of the preheating chamber 130, the flame of the burner cannot be too long.

[0075] Preferably, as Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the burner pipe 131 is inclined downwardly, and the outlet is lower than the inlet. In this way, on the one hand, the outlet of the burner pipe 131 can be as close as possible to the melting chamber 120, thereby ensuring the preheating effect of the melting chamber 120, the first passage PI. On the other hand, the selection range of the flame length of the burner can be wider. The angle between the burner pipe 131 and the horizontal plane is γ. The value of γ can be 15-55°, but is not limited to this angle range. The center line L4 of the burner pipe 131 intersects with the inner wall of the preheating chamber 130 at intersection point e, and the intersection point e is located above the containing portion 122. In particular, the intersection point e is located in the preheating chamber 130.

[0076] Referring back to Figure 1 , in order to ensure that the flue gas has sufficient reaction residence time in the preheating chamber 130, the cross-sectional area of the first passage PI in the radial direction D is greater than the cross-sectional area of the containing portion 122 in the radial direction D. That is, the flow area of the flue gas in the first passage PI is greater than the flow area in the containing portion 122.

[0077] As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 , the solid waste conveying pipe 111 is horizontally arranged. And close to the top of the solid waste receiving chamber 110, to form a solid-gas fluidized bed in the second passage P2, and preheat the catalyst waste. In order to ensure that the flow velocity of the flue gas in the catalyst waste solid waste receiving chamber 110 is large enough, the passage is arranged with a converging section, so that the cross-sectional area of the second passage P2 in the radial direction D is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first passage PI in the radial direction D. That is, the flow area of the flue gas in the second passage P2 is smaller than the flow area in the first passage PI. In addition, the converging section of the passage can also reduce the heat loss of the solid waste treatment device 100.

[0078] Since the catalyst waste is mainly in the form of particles, the feeding mode of the present application can adopt a screw feeder, but is not limited to this mode. Specifically, the solid waste treatment device 100 further comprises a screw feeder (not shown) for conveying the catalyst waste. The screw feeder communicates with the solid waste receiving chamber 110 through the solid waste conveying pipe 111. In one embodiment, the screw feeder can be arranged outside the solid waste conveying pipe 111, and the solid waste conveying pipe 111 can communicate with the outlet of the screw feeder to continuously or intermittently convey the catalyst waste into the solid waste treatment device 100. In another embodiment, the screw feeder can be at least partially arranged in the solid waste conveying pipe 111, and the catalyst waste output by the outlet of the screw feeder can be continuously or intermittently conveyed into the solid waste treatment device 100 through the solid waste conveying pipe 111.

[0079] As shown in Figure 10As shown, the solid waste treatment device 100 of the present application further comprises a flue gas pipeline 140 located above the solid waste receiving chamber 110. The flue gas pipeline 140 comprises a third passage P3 communicating with the first passage P1, so that flue gas can be discharged from the flue gas pipeline 140.

[0080] Preferably, the flue gas pipeline 140 is configured as a curved pipeline, and the third passage P3 is configured as a curved passage, so as to prevent catalyst waste from being entrained by flue gas and escaping from the solid waste receiving chamber 110. The flue gas pipeline 140 shown in the figure is a circular arc-shaped pipeline, but it can also be a right-angled pipeline, an elliptical arc-shaped pipeline, or other curved pipelines.

[0081] Referring back to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Further, the solid waste receiving chamber 110, the preheating chamber 130, and the melting chamber 120 are independent components and are detachably connected to each other. The connection mode can be a flange connection mode, but is not limited to this mode, so as to facilitate maintenance and transportation of the solid waste receiving chamber 110, the preheating chamber 130, and the melting chamber 120, and reduce the maintenance cost and transportation cost of the device.

[0082] Further, since the temperature of the solid waste treatment is high, the solid waste treatment device 100 needs to be subjected to heat insulation treatment. The solid waste receiving chamber 110, the preheating chamber 130, and the melting chamber 120 of the present application are respectively provided with heat-resistant liners 150. Preferably, the liner 150 can be provided with multiple liner 150 layers in the radial direction D, and the multiple liner 150 layers are made of different liner 150 materials.

[0083] The specific technical requirements are as follows:

[0084] 1. The liner 150 of the melting chamber 120 and the liner 150 of the preheating chamber 130 are required to be set in accordance with the same requirements, the inner wall of the liner 150 can withstand a temperature of 1600°C, and the temperature of the outer wall of the liner 150 is ≤80°C.

[0085] 2. The liner 150 of the solid waste receiving chamber 110, the inner wall of the liner 150 can withstand a temperature of 1200°C, and the temperature of the outer wall of the liner 150 is ≤80°C.

[0086] 3. The liner 150 of the flue gas pipeline 140, the inner wall of the liner 150 can withstand a temperature of 600°C, and the temperature of the outer wall of the liner 150 is ≤80°C.

[0087] The treatment process of the catalyst waste in one case of the present application is as follows:

[0088] 1. Start the burner to preheat the solid waste treatment device 100, and after a period of time, the temperature of the containing portion 122 and the first passage P1 reaches about 800°C.

[0089] 2. Open the air branch pipe 128 to deliver air to the holding part 122.

[0090] 3. Start the plasma generator, and after a period of time, the temperature of the holding part 122 reaches 1400°C (first holding temperature). At the same time, start the first pipe heating device and the second pipe heating device, and keep the first slagging pipe 124 at 1400°C for a long time, and keep the second slagging pipe 125 at 800°C (second holding temperature) for a long time.

[0091] 4. Open the screw feeder, slowly feed the catalyst waste, and gradually increase the power of the plasma generator to keep the temperature of the holding part 122 at about 1400°C. At this time, the catalyst waste is melted at the holding part 122, and the flue gas formed flows upward and is discharged through the first passage P1, the second passage P2, and the third passage P3. The liquid molten slag formed collects in the holding part 122.

[0092] 5. While processing the catalyst waste, the contents of CO, CO2, and O2 in the flue gas at the outlet of the flue gas pipe 140 are measured online. The flow of air in the air branch pipe 128 is adjusted so that the contents of CO and CO2 are both >0, and the content of O2 is almost 0.

[0093] 6. As the melting process continues, the molten slag in the holding part 122 gradually increases. When the molten slag reaches the overflow level, the liquid molten slag is discharged from the first slagging pipe 124. At this time, the power of the second pipe heating device can be increased to heat the second slagging pipe 125 to 1400°C (first holding temperature), so that the second slagging pipe 125 is in an open state, and the molten slag can be discharged from the second slagging pipe 125. After a certain period of time, the molten slag reaches the minimum liquid level, the power of the second pipe heating device is reduced, and the temperature of the second slagging pipe 125 is reduced to 800°C (second holding temperature). At this time, the molten slag in the second slagging pipe 125 solidifies and blocks the pipe, so that the second slagging pipe 125 is in a closed state and the slagging stops. The above steps are repeated to achieve autonomous discharge of the liquid molten slag.

[0094] 7. The discharged molten slag can be directly discharged into liquid water for quenching treatment.

[0095] 8. After the catalyst waste is processed, the temperature of the second slagging pipe 125 is heated to 1400°C (first holding temperature) or maintained at 1400°C (first holding temperature), so that the second slagging pipe 125 is in an open state, and all the molten slag in the holding part 122 is discharged from the second slagging pipe 125 to the outside of the device for quenching treatment. At the same time, the power of the plasma generator and the amount of natural gas in the gas burner are gradually reduced. And appropriately increase the input amount of air until the temperature is reduced to room temperature, and the air pipe is closed.

[0096] The solid waste treatment device provided by the present application can utilize the high specific heat capacity, high thermal conductivity and other properties of plasma to make the incineration temperature of the solid waste high, easy to melt into a liquid state, and easy to crack the organic matter. Due to the high-temperature environment generated by the plasma, the melting process is faster, the reaction rate of the organic matter is faster, the decomposition is more complete, and the decomposition effect is better.

[0097] The solid waste treatment device adopts a double-pipe slag discharge mode, so that the molten slag can be discharged automatically, thereby facilitating the centralized treatment of the discharged molten slag. In addition, the storage amount of the molten slag in the melting chamber 120 can be maintained within a certain range, thereby improving the melting efficiency of the molten slag.

[0098] Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. As used herein, the term "if' can be construed to mean "when" or "upon" or "in response to the occurrence of” unless context indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term "example" is intended to mean "an example of. As used herein, the term "exemplary" is intended to mean "an example of or "an example, not necessarily the best." As used herein, the term "include” and / or "comprise,” or "comprising" and / or "containing” or "including” and / or the like is used herein to generally mean "including, but not limited to.” As used herein, the term "operatively coupled" means that the components are coupled in a manner that allows the components to function cooperatively, e.g., to perform a function.

[0099] The present application has been described by the above embodiments, but it should be understood that the above embodiments are only for the purpose of example and illustration, and are not intended to limit the present application to the described embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and more various modifications and modifications can be made according to the teachings of the present application, which all fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the attached claims and their equivalent scope.

Claims

1. A solid waste treatment apparatus, characterized by, The solid waste treatment device comprises: a solid waste receiving chamber for receiving solid waste; and a melting chamber located below the solid waste receiving chamber, the melting chamber being in communication with the solid waste receiving chamber, the melting chamber comprising: a plasma heating device for melting the solid waste by plasma heating to form a cracked gas and a liquid molten slag; a holding portion for holding the molten slag, the holding portion being in communication with the outside through a first slag discharge conduit and a second slag discharge conduit to discharge the molten slag, the molten slag containing heavy metals; and an air delivery conduit in communication with the holding portion to provide air to the holding portion; wherein the holding portion has an overflow liquid level and a minimum liquid level for the molten slag, the inlet of the first slag discharge conduit is located at the overflow liquid level, the inlet of the second slag discharge conduit is located below the minimum liquid level, and the second slag discharge conduit is switchable between an open state and a closed state to enable the molten slag to be discharged from the first slag discharge conduit and the second slag discharge conduit simultaneously or separately, so that the amount of molten slag in the holding portion is maintained at or above the minimum liquid level to avoid the solid waste that is not completely melted from blocking the slag discharge conduit; the melting chamber further comprises a first conduit heating device to maintain the first slag discharge conduit at a first holding temperature, and a second conduit heating device to maintain the second slag discharge conduit at a second holding temperature or to heat the second slag discharge conduit from the second holding temperature to the first holding temperature or above; the first holding temperature enables the molten slag to remain in a liquid state in the first slag discharge conduit and the second slag discharge conduit, and the second holding temperature enables the molten slag to change from a liquid state to a solid state in the second slag discharge conduit, and the solidified molten slag blocks the second slag discharge conduit.

2. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein The plasma heating device is arranged in a plasma generator conduit in communication with the holding portion, and the outlet of the plasma generator conduit and the outlet of the air delivery conduit are oppositely arranged.

3. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein The plasma heating device is arranged in a plasma generator conduit in communication with the holding portion, the plasma generator conduit and the air delivery conduit form an angle with the horizontal plane, and the intersection of the center line of the plasma generator conduit and the vertical center line of the melting chamber is lower than the intersection of the center line of the air delivery conduit and the vertical center line of the melting chamber.

4. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein The solid waste treatment device further comprises a burner and a preheating chamber located between the solid waste receiving chamber and the melting chamber, the preheating chamber being in communication with the solid waste receiving chamber and the melting chamber, and the burner is arranged in a burner conduit in communication with the preheating chamber to provide a heat source for the solid waste treatment device when the solid waste treatment device is started and operated.

5. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein The preheating chamber and the melting chamber have a first passage for the solid waste and the gas to pass through, and the solid waste receiving chamber has a second passage for the solid waste and the gas to pass through, so that the gas flows upward to exchange heat with the solid waste.

6. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The cross-sectional area of the first passage in the radial direction is greater than the cross-sectional area of the accommodating portion in the radial direction, and / or the cross-sectional area of the second passage in the radial direction is less than the cross-sectional area of the first passage in the radial direction.

7. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein The solid waste receiving chamber, the preheating chamber and the melting chamber are independent components and are detachably connected to each other.

8. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein The solid waste receiving chamber, the preheating chamber and the melting chamber are respectively provided with a heat-resistant lining, and the lining is provided with a plurality of lining layers in the radial direction, and the plurality of lining layers are made of different lining materials.

9. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The solid waste treatment device further comprises a screw feeder for conveying the solid waste, and the screw feeder is communicated with the solid waste receiving chamber through a solid waste conveying pipeline.

10. The solid waste treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The solid waste treatment device further comprises a flue gas pipeline located above the solid waste receiving chamber, and the flue gas pipeline comprises a third passage communicated with the solid waste receiving chamber to enable the gas to be discharged.

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