Method for controlling pests in a modified plant

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for controlling pests of a modified plant, in particular a soybean plant, comprising the step of contacting the plant, a part thereof, a propagation material thereof, a pest, a food supply, a habitat or a breeding ground thereof with one or more compounds of formula I, wherein the variables are defined as described in the specification.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a method for controlling pests using pyrazole compounds of formula I.

[0002]

[0003] in:

[0004] R 1 It can be H, CH3, or C2H5;

[0005] R 2 CH3,

[0006] R 3 It can be CH3, CH(CH3)2, CF3, CHFCH3 or 1-CN-c-C3H4;

[0007] R 4 For CH3; or

[0008] R 3 and R 4 They can form CH2CH2CF2CH2CH2 together.

[0009] Faboideae, such as soybean (Glycine max), are important commercial crops.

[0010] Soy is considered a complete protein source (Henkel, J., 2000, “Soy: Health Claims for Soy Protein, Question About Other Components,” FDA Consumer (Food and Drug Administration 34(3): 18-20). Therefore, soybeans are a good source of protein. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, soy protein products can be a good alternative to animal products because soybeans provide a “complete” protein profile. Soy protein products can replace animal-based foods that also contain complete protein but tend to contain more fat, especially saturated fat, without requiring major dietary adjustments.

[0011] Soy protein isolate has high value because it has a physiological value of 74 (Protein Quality Evaluation: Report of the Joint FAO / WHO Expert Consultation, Bethesda, MD (USA): Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Food and Nutrition Paper No. 51), December 1989).

[0012] In agriculture, each acre of soybeans can produce at least twice the protein of some major vegetable or grain crops. For example, each acre of soybeans produces 5 to 10 times more protein than land reserved for grazing animals to produce milk, and up to 15 times more protein than land reserved for meat production (“Soy Benefits”, National Soybean Research Laboratory, February 2012).

[0013] Therefore, soybeans can be considered a globally important crop that provides oil and protein.

[0014] However, soybean plants are susceptible to a wide range of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic diseases. For example, in the United States, soybeans are considered the second most valuable agricultural export after corn.

[0015] Therefore, given the importance of soybeans in agriculture, appropriate pest control is necessary to avoid harming the yield and quality of soybean crops.

[0016] Stink bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) are both animal and insect pests. They are likely one of the most common pest problems in soybeans (Stewart et al., Soybean Insects—Stink bugs, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, W200 09-0098).

[0017] Toona sinensis feeds on more than 52 plant species, including natural and ornamental trees, shrubs, vines, weeds, and many cultivated crops such as corn and cotton, as well as many uncultivated plants. Their preferred hosts are almost all wild plants. They accumulate on these hosts and then migrate to soybeans during the season when their preferred food is ripe.

[0018] Toona sinensis can feed on many parts of the plant; however, their targets are usually developing seeds, including pods, which means that damage to soybean seeds is a major problem associated with Toona sinensis infection.

[0019] When their mouthparts invade plant tissues, they can produce brown or light black spots, though few signs of external feeding damage may be present. Feeding can cause small seeds to deform, wrinkle, or abort. Larger seeds may only be partially discolored due to feeding damage, but this can still affect seed quality. High levels of seed abortion can lead to the "soybean effect," in which leaves are retained while plant maturity is delayed (Stewart et al., Soybean Insects-Stink bugs, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, W200 09-0098).

[0020] The ailanthus causes mechanical damage to seeds and spreads yeast spot disease organisms. The extent of damage caused by this pest depends to some extent on the seed's developmental stage at the time of piercing by the ailanthus's needle-like mouthparts. The younger the seed at the time of injury, the greater the yield reduction. Although subsequent seasons of infection may not affect yield, soybean oil content and germination will be reduced.

[0021] In certain regions, the green bug (Acrosternum hilare) is one of the most common species feeding on soybeans. The brown toon (Euschistus servus) is another common member of the toon family.

[0022] Among the sucking bugs found in cultivated soybeans, the brown tussock bug (Euschistus hero) is currently considered the most abundant species from northern Paraná to central Brazil (Correa-Ferreira & Panizzi, 1999) and is a significant problem in soybeans (Schmidt et al., 2003). Bugs are present in soybeans from the vegetative stage and are harmful from pod formation until grain maturity. They damage seeds (Galileo & Heinrichs 1978, Panizzi & Slansky Jr., 15, 1985), and can also cause fungal diseases and physiological disorders, such as soybean leaf retention (Galileo & Heinrichs 1978, Todd & Herzog, 1980).

[0023] Other plant-based food species that may exist include the red-shouldered ailanthus (Thyanta custator) and the dark brown ailanthus (Euschistus tristigmus). Other species—the southern green bug (Nezara viridula)—are typically confined to the southernmost counties of the United States. Predatory (beneficial) ailanthus species such as the spined soldier bug (Podisus maculaventris) are also found in soybeans and are sometimes mistaken for brown or dark brown ailanthus.

[0024] Controlling toon in soybeans is often crucial to preventing significant economic losses.

[0025] Commonly used insecticides for controlling ailanthus include pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and organophosphates; however, pyrethroids are often the preferred method for controlling ailanthus in soybeans. However, a growing problem is the development of insecticide resistance, particularly in brown ailanthus populations, especially resistance to pyrethroids. The hero bug (Euschistus heros) may also be difficult to control with organophosphates or endosulfan (Sosa-Gomez et al., 2009). Therefore, effective ecological methods for controlling ailanthus in soybeans are needed.

[0026] In particular, insecticides that act on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels (disclosed in, for example, EP1731512, WO 2009 / 002809 and WO 2009 / 080250) appear to be effective in controlling ailanthus, especially in soybeans, as described in, for example, WO2012 / 104331.

[0027] It has been found that pyrazole compounds of formula I, as defined at the beginning, provide effective control of pests in the Papilionoideae subfamily, particularly soybeans, especially those selected from the Pentatomidae, Cicadellidae, Aleyrodidae, and Aphididae families, particularly those selected from the Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, and Pentatomidae families.

[0028] Therefore, these compounds are an important solution for controlling pests of the Papilionoideae subfamily, particularly soybeans, especially stink bugs, thereby ensuring that plants, crops and propagation material are protected from these pests, especially when the pests are resistant to current methods.

[0029] The pyrazole compounds of Formula I and their insecticidal activity are known from WO 2012 / 143317 and WO 2015 / 055497. However, none of these documents disclose that the active compounds have acceptable efficacy against typical pests of modified Papilionoideae, preferably soybean, particularly stink bugs, whiteflies, leafhoppers, and aphids on GMO plants. As mentioned above, these pests are difficult to control with typical soybean insecticides.

[0030] Therefore, in one aspect of the invention, a method for controlling pests of the Papilionoideae subfamily, particularly soybean plants, is provided, comprising the step of contacting the Papilionoideae subfamily, particularly soybean plants, their parts, their reproductive material, pests, their food supply, habitat or breeding grounds, with one or more compounds of formula I.

[0031] In another aspect of the invention, one or more compounds of Formula I are provided for use in controlling pests of the Papilionoideae subfamily, particularly in soybean crops.

[0032] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling pests selected from the families Pitotriidae and / or Cicadidae and / or Aphididae, comprising the step of contacting the pests, their food supply, habitat, and / or breeding grounds with one or more compounds of formula I, said compounds being particularly selected from compounds I-1 to I-3:

[0033] 1-(1,2-Dimethylpropyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (I-1),

[0034] 1-[1-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (I-2), and

[0035] N-Ethyl-1-(2-fluoro-1-methylpropyl)-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (I-3).

[0036] One aspect of the present invention relates to the use of one or more compounds of formula I for the control of pests selected from the family Stink bugs.

[0037] Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of one or more compounds of Formula I for the control of pests selected from the Cicadidae family.

[0038] Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of one or more compounds of Formula I for the control of pests selected from the Aphididae family.

[0039] The methods and uses of this invention are for controlling and / or preventing pest infestation of Papilionoideae plants, Papilionoideae crops, and Papilionoideae propagation material. In a preferred embodiment, the Papilionoideae plant, crop, or propagation material is soybean plant, crop, or propagation material. Generally, the pests are selected from the families Stink bugs and / or whiteflies and / or aphids.

[0040] Preferably, the method and use of the present invention are for controlling pests selected from stink bugs (Ailuropoda spp.). More preferably, for controlling stink bugs resistant to other insecticides such as pyrethroid insecticides. "Resistant" to a particular insecticide refers to, for example, a strain of Ailuropoda that is less sensitive to that insecticide compared to the expected sensitivity of the same species. Expected sensitivity can be measured, for example, using a strain that has not been previously exposed to the insecticide.

[0041] In another embodiment, the method and use of the present invention are for controlling pests selected from whiteflies of the family Amycidae. More preferably, it controls whiteflies resistant to other insecticides such as pyrethroid insecticides. The resistant whitefly is particularly of the biotype of the tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). A whitefly "resistant" to a particular insecticide refers, for example, a whitefly strain that is less sensitive to that insecticide compared to the expected sensitivity of whiteflies of the same species. Expected sensitivity can be measured, for example, using a strain that has not been previously exposed to the insecticide.

[0042] In another embodiment, the method and use of the present invention are for controlling pests selected from the family Aphididae. More preferably, they are for controlling aphids resistant to other insecticides such as pyrethroid insecticides. These resistant aphids are particularly the cotton aphid (Aphisgossypii) and the soybean aphid (A. glycines). An aphid "resistant" to a particular insecticide refers, for example, an aphid strain that is less sensitive to that insecticide compared to the expected sensitivity of aphids of the same species. Expected sensitivity can be measured, for example, using a strain that has not been previously exposed to the insecticide.

[0043] In another embodiment, the method and use of the present invention are for controlling pests selected from the family Cicadidae. More preferably, for controlling leafhoppers resistant to other insecticides such as organophosphate insecticides. Such resistant leafhoppers are particularly *Empoasca biguttula* Shiraki, *Empoasca fabae*, *Epoasca kraemeri*, and *Nephotettix* spp. A leafhopper “resistant” to a particular insecticide refers, for example, a leafhopper strain that is less sensitive to that insecticide compared to the expected sensitivity of aphids of the same species. Expected sensitivity can be measured, for example, using strains that have not been previously exposed to the insecticide.

[0044] In one aspect of the invention, the method comprises applying a compound of formula I to a Papilionoideae plant, crop, and / or propagation material, particularly soybean plant, soybean crop, and / or propagation material of soybean plant, wherein the method is used to control and / or prevent pest infestation.

[0045] Specifically, the method is used to control and / or prevent infestations of pests selected from the families Stink bugs and / or Whiteflies (e.g., the tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)) and / or Aphids (e.g., the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) and the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines)), particularly those selected from the family Stink bugs; even more specifically for controlling and / or preventing infestations of the genera *Acrosternum*, *Euschistus*, *Nezara*, and / or *Piezodrus*, most particularly *Acrosternum hilare*, *Euschistus heros*, *Nezara viridula*, and / or *Piezodorus guildini*, especially *Euschistus heros*. Infestation by *Heroes*. Other stink bugs that can be controlled according to this invention are the two-spotted stink bug (Eysarcoris), especially the forest shield bug (Eysarcoris aeneus).

[0046] Another aspect of the invention provides the use of the compound of Formula I for the general control of pests selected from the families Stink bugs (Acrosternum) and / or Amycidae and / or Aphididae, preferably for the control of pests selected from the families Stink bugs, particularly for the control of pests from the genera Acrosternum, Euschistusheros, Nezara, and / or Piezodrus, more preferably for the control of Acrosternum hilare, Euschistusheros, Nezara viridula, and / or Piezodorus guildini, and most preferably for the control of Euschistusheros.

[0047] Another aspect of the invention provides the use of the compound of Formula I for the general control of pests selected from the family Cicadellidae, preferably for the control of cotton leafhopper (Empoasca biguttula Shiraki), tea green leafhopper (Empoasca spp.), beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus), brown transparent-winged pointed leafhopper (Homalodiscavitripennis), pseudo-cryptovenous leafhopper (Sophonia rufofascia) and / or apple white leafhopper (Typhlocybapomaria), more preferably for the control of cotton leafhopper (Empoasca biguttula Shiraki), potato green leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), eggplant leafhopper (Empoasca solana) and / or Epoasca kraemeri.

[0048] In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula I for controlling pests resistant to one or more other insecticides, preferably pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and organophosphates, more preferably pyrethroid insecticides.

[0049] Preferably, the compound of Formula I of the present invention is used to control pests selected from the family Stink bugs, including green stink bugs (Acrosternum hilare), brown stink bugs (Halyomorpha halys), red-banded stink bugs (Piezodorus guildini), neotropical brown stink bugs (Euschistus heros), brown stink bugs (Euschistus servus), bean cribraria, red-shouldered stink bugs (Thyanta custator), and dark brown stink bugs (Euschistus tristigmus), southern green stink bugs (Nezaraviridula); whiteflies, including sweet potato whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci); and aphids, including cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) and soybean aphids (Aphis). glycines and their combinations.

[0050] In another implementation, the pest is the red-shouldered bug (Thyanta custator).

[0051] In another implementation, the pest is the tricolor American bug (Euschistus tristigmus).

[0052] In another implementation, the pest is the green bug (Acrosternum hilare).

[0053] In another implementation, the pest is the tea-winged bug (Halyomorpha halys).

[0054] In another implementation, the pest is the guildini bug (Piezodorus guildini).

[0055] In another implementation, the pest is the hero bug (Euschistus heros).

[0056] In another implementation, the pest is the brown bug (Euschistus servus).

[0057] In another implementation, the pest is Megacopta cribraria.

[0058] In another implementation, the pest is the red-shouldered bug (Thyanta custator).

[0059] In another implementation, the pest is the tricolor American bug (Euschistus tristigmus).

[0060] In another implementation, the pest is the southern green bug (Nezara viridula).

[0061] In another implementation, the pest is the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).

[0062] In another implementation, the pest is the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii).

[0063] In another implementation, the pest is the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines).

[0064] In another implementation, the pest is the cotton leafhopper (Empoasca biguttula Shiraki).

[0065] In another implementation, the pest is the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae).

[0066] In another implementation, the pest is Epoasca kraemeri.

[0067] Compounds of Formula I are preferably used on the Papilionoideae subfamily, particularly soybean, to control stink bugs, such as those in the genera *Nezaras* (e.g., *Nezara viridula*, *Nezara antennata*, *Nezarahilaris*), *Piezodorus* (e.g., *Piezodorus guildinii*), *Acrosternum* (e.g., *Acrosternum hilare*), *Euschistus* (e.g., *Euschistus heros*, *Euschistus servus*), *Halyomorpha halys*, *Megacopta cribaria*, *Plautia crossota*, and *Riptortus*. clavatus), Rhopalus msculatus, Antestiopsis orbitalus, Dectes texanus, Dichelops spp. (e.g., Dichelops furcatus, Dichelops melacanthus), Eurygaster spp. (e.g., Eurygaster intergriceps, Eurygaster maurd), Oebalus spp. (e.g., Oebalus mexicana, Oebalus poecilus, Oebalus pugnase), Scotinophara spp. (e.g., Scotinophara lurida, Scotinophara coarctatd)).Preferred targets include *Acrosternum hilare*, *Antestiopsis orbitalus*, *Dichelops furcatus*, *Dichelops melacanthus*, *Euschistus heros*, *Euschistus servus*, *Megacopta cribaria*, *Nezara viridula*, *Nezara hilare*, *Piezodorus guildinii*, and *Halyomorpha halys*. In one embodiment, the target species is *Nezara viridula*, *Piezodorus* spp., *Acrosternum* spp., and *Euschistus heros*. *Euschistus*, particularly *Euschistus heros*, is a preferred target. More preferably, the compound of formula I is used to control stink bugs, including green stink bugs (Acrosternum hilare), brown stink bugs (Halyomorpha halys), red-banded stink bugs (Piezodorus guildini), neotropical brown stink bugs (Euschistus heros), brown stink bugs (Euschistus servus), and sieve bean stink bugs (Megacoptacribraria).

[0068] Other stink bugs that can be controlled according to the present invention are the two-spotted stink bug (Eysarcoris), especially the forest shield bug (Eysarcoris aeneus).

[0069] Compounds of Formula I are preferred for use on Papilionoideae, especially soybeans, to control whiteflies, such as sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).

[0070] Compounds of Formula I are preferred for use on Papilionoideae, particularly on soybeans, to control aphids, such as soybean aphids (Aphis glycines).

[0071] Compound of Formula I is preferred for use on Papilionoideae, especially soybeans, to control leafhoppers, such as the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae).

[0072] Compounds of Formula I are preferred for use on Papilionoideae, especially soybeans, to control leafhoppers, such as Lorito verde (green pakeet) (Empoasca kraemeri).

[0073] The compound of Formula I is preferably applied to crops belonging to the Papilionoideae subfamily, such as soybean plants, their sites, or propagation materials. Application can be carried out before infection or when pests are present. The application of the compound of Formula I can be carried out according to any conventional application method, such as foliar application, soaking, soil application, furrow application, etc. Foliar application is preferred for the control of ailanthus.

[0074] In another preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is applied to Papilionoideae crops via soil infiltration. In one preferred embodiment, the Papilionoideae crop is soybean.

[0075] In another preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is applied to the seeds of a Papilionoideae crop via seed treatment. In one preferred embodiment, the Papilionoideae crop is a soybean crop.

[0076] Pests such as ailanthus, plants, soil or water bodies in which plants grow can be brought into contact with a compound of formula I or a composition containing them by any other application method known in the art. Thus, “contact” includes both direct contact (the direct application of the compound / composition to animal pests or plants, typically to the leaves, stems or roots of plants) and indirect contact (the application of the compound / composition to the site where the compound / composition is applied to animal pests or plants).

[0077] Compounds of Formula I, or insecticidal compositions containing them, can be used to protect growing plants and crops from animal pests, especially stink bugs, particularly the American stink bug (Euschistus), and more particularly the hero American stink bug (E. heros), by contacting the plant / crop with an insecticidally effective amount of a compound of Formula I. The term "crop" refers to growing crops and harvested crops.

[0078] Compounds of Formula I can be applied in combination with attractants. Attractants are chemicals that cause insects to migrate toward the application site. To control bugs, compounds of Formula I can be advantageously applied together with attractants, especially when applied foliarly. Bugs are usually located near the ground, and the application of attractants can stimulate them to migrate upwards along the plant toward the active ingredient.

[0079] Suitable attractants include glucose, sucrose, salt, glutamate, citric acid, soybean oil, peanut oil, and soy milk. Glutamate and citric acid are particularly important, with citric acid being preferred.

[0080] Before application, the attractant can be premixed with the compound of formula I, for example as a ready-to-use mixture or tank mix, or by simultaneous or sequential application to the plants. A suitable attractant ratio is, for example, 0.02-3 kg / ha.

[0081] Preferably, the compound of formula I is used at a concentration of 1-500 g / ha, more preferably 10-150 g / ha, on Papilionoideae, especially on soybeans, to control pests.

[0082] Compounds of Formula I are suitable for use on, for example, any soybean plant, including those that are genetically modified to be resistant to active ingredients such as herbicides, or those that are genetically modified to produce bioactive compounds that control plant pest infestations.

[0083] In another preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars (genetically modified organisms) and portions thereof obtained by genetic engineering methods (in combination with conventional methods, if appropriate) are treated. Particularly preferred, according to the invention, the treatment is performed on plants of commercially available or usable plant cultivars in each case. Plant cultivars should be understood to mean plants possessing novel characteristics (“traits”) obtained through conventional breeding, mutagenesis, or recombinant DNA technology.

[0084] These can be cultivars, biotypes, or genotypes. Depending on the plant species or cultivar, its location, and growing conditions (soil, climate, growing season, nutrition), the treatments of this invention can also lead to hyperassociative (“synergistic”) effects.

[0085] Preferably, the modified plant is “Intacta RR2 PRO” soybean (Monsanto), which claims to provide tolerance to glyphosate herbicides and protection against major soybean pests (soybean hairy caterpillar, soybean cutworm, soybean shoot borer, soybean branch borer, cotton bollworm, corn stem borer, Helicoverpa, such as cotton bollworm), as well as increased yield potential.

[0086] Therefore, for example, reduced application rates and / or broadened activity spectrum and / or increased activity of substances and compositions that can be used according to the present invention, better plant growth, improved tolerance to high or low temperatures, improved tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yield, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of harvested products, better storage stability and / or processability of harvested products are possible, exceeding the actual expected effects.

[0087] Preferred transgenic plants or plant cultivars (obtained through genetic engineering) to be treated according to the present invention include all plants that have received genetic material due to gene modification, which confers these plants particularly advantageous useful traits.

[0088] Examples of such traits include better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yield, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of harvested products, and better storage stability and / or processability of harvested products.

[0089] Other highlighted examples of this trait include better protection against animal and microbial pests, such as insects, mites, plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and / or viruses, and increased plant tolerance to certain herbicidal active compounds. Another highlighted example of this trait is increased plant tolerance to certain insecticidal active compounds.

[0090] The traits particularly emphasized are the enhanced defenses of plants against insects, spiders, nematodes, slugs, and snails resulting from the formation of toxins within the plant, especially those formed in plants from genetic material derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (e.g., genes CryLA(a), CryLA(b), CryLA(c), CryL1A, CryL1A, CryL1A, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb, and CryLF, and combinations thereof) (referred to herein as “Bt plants”). Also particularly emphasized are the enhanced defenses of plants against fungi, bacteria, and viruses acquired through systemic absorption of resistance (SAR), systemins, phytoalexins, inducers, and resistance genes, as well as the corresponding expressed proteins and toxins.

[0091] Furthermore, a particularly emphasized trait is the enhanced tolerance of plants to certain herbicidal active compounds, such as imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate, or phosphinotricin. The genes conferring the desired traits discussed can also exist in combination with each other in transgenic plants.

[0092] An example of "Bt plants" is Intacta. TM Roundup Ready TM The soybean varieties sold by 2 Pro.

[0093] An example of a herbicide-tolerant plant that may be mentioned is the soybean variety sold under the following trade name: Roundup (Glyphosate-tolerant), Liberty (Tolerance to glufosinate) (Tolerance to imidazolinones) and Optimum GAT TM (Tolerance to sulfonylureas).

[0094] Herbicide-resistant plants that may be mentioned (herbicide-tolerant plants bred in a conventional manner) include those named as such. The varieties sold (e.g., rice, canola, sunflower, wheat).

[0095] The method of the present invention can preferably be carried out on soybean plants that have two or more traits (e.g., ), glyphosate (e.g., Roundup) Roundup Ready 2 ), sulfonylureas (e.g.) ), glufosinate (e.g., Liberty) ), Dicamba ( Roundup Ready TM 2 Xtend TM HPPD tolerance (e.g., isotropic) Isoxaflutole herbicide Any traits described herein that are double or triple-additive in soybean plants are also of interest, including glyphosate and sulfonylurea tolerance (e.g., Optimum). have and Roundup Or Roundup Ready 2 Superimposed plant growth factors, dicamba and glyphosate tolerance (Monsanto). Soybean resistant to soybean Cyst nematode ( Syngenta) and soybeans with aphid tolerance traits Syngenta is also of interest.

[0096] These instructions also apply to plant cultivars that have these genetic traits or whose genetic traits are still under development and will be developed and / or brought to market in the future.

[0097] As mentioned above, these pests are particularly important for soybean plants.

[0098] In one embodiment of the above-described use or method including the application of compound of formula I, the plant is a plant modified by conventional breeding, i.e., a plant that has not been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering.

[0099] In another embodiment of the above-described use or method including the application of compound of formula I, the soybean plant is a plant modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering, preferably by genetic engineering.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, in a plant modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering, one or more genes are mutated or integrated into the plant's genetic material, said genes being selected from epsps, aad-12, avhppd-03, bar, bbx32, cry1A.105, cry1Ac, cry1F, cry2Ab2, csr1-2, dmo, fad2-1A (sense and antisense), fan1 (mutant), fatb1-A (sense and antisense fragments), fatb2-1A (sense and antisense), gat4601, gm-fad2-1, gm-hra, hppdPFW336, Nc.fad3, and pat, Pj.D6D.

[0101] In another preferred embodiment, the plant (modified plant) modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering exhibits one or more traits selected from the group consisting of: abiotic stress tolerance, altered growth / yield, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, improved product quality, and pollination control. Preferably, the plant exhibits herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, or a combination thereof.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment of the use or method as defined above, the plant is a soybean plant, which is a modified plant and corresponds to any of the entries in Table A, Table B or Table C.

[0103] Table A—Soybean (Glycine max) plants

[0104]

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] The plants listed in Table A are known from the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA), a database accessible on the Internet: http: / / www.isaaa.org / gmapprovaldatabase / default.asp.

[0108] illustrate:

[0109]

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] Preferred soybean plants include soybean plants listed in any row of Table B:

[0113] Table B:

[0114]

[0115] Preferred soybean plants include soybean plants modified by integrating at least one gene or combination of genes from row C of Table C:

[0116] Table C:

[0117]

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] In a preferred embodiment of the use or method as defined above, the plant is a soybean plant, which is a modified plant and corresponds to any row in Table I:

[0121] Table I

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] In view of the above-mentioned preferred embodiments for pests and plants, the following embodiments of the use or method of the present invention, which include the application of compound of formula I, are particularly preferred.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the invention relates to the use or method of applying a compound of formula I as defined above, wherein the pest is selected from green bugs (Acrosternum hilare), brown stinking bugs (Halyomorpha halys), red-banded bugs (Piezodorus guildini), neotropical brown bugs (Euschistus heros), brown bugs (Euschistus servus), sieve bean bugs (Megacoptacribraria), red-shouldered bugs (Thyanta custator), and dark brown bugs (Euschistus tristigmus), southern green bugs (Nezara viridula), and combinations thereof, and the plant is a modified soybean plant, preferably selected from the plants listed in Tables A, B, and C.

[0127] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pest is the green bug (Acrosternum hilare), and the plant is a soybean plant selected from the plants listed in Tables A, B, and C.

[0128] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pest is the tea-winged bug (Halyomorpha halys), and the plant is a soybean plant selected from the plants listed in Tables A, B, and C.

[0129] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pest is the guildini bug (Piezodorus guildini), and the plant is a soybean plant selected from the plants listed in Tables A, B, and C.

[0130] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pest is the hero bug (Euschistus heros), and the plant is a soybean plant selected from the plants listed in Tables A, B, and C.

[0131] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pest is Megacopta cribraria, and the plant is a soybean plant selected from the plants listed in Tables A, B, and C.

[0132] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pest is the red-shouldered bug (Thyanta custator), and the plant is a soybean plant selected from the plants listed in Tables A, B, and C.

[0133] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pest is the tricolor American bug (Euschistus tristigmus), and the plant is a soybean plant selected from the plants listed in Tables A, B, and C.

[0134] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pest is the southern green bug (Nezara viridula), and the plant is a soybean plant selected from the plants listed in Tables A, B, and C.

[0135] In another embodiment, the commercially available genetically modified plant is a soybean variety selected from “Roundup Ready 2 Yield,” “IntactaRR2 Pro,” and “Vistive Gold” (all derived from Monsanto) or “Stearidonic Acid (SDA) Omega-3” (soybeans with higher SDA content, Monsanto). In another embodiment, the trait is Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and cry2Ab2 and Vector PV-GMIR13196, for Mon87751 soybean (Monsanto).

[0136] In a more preferred embodiment of this implementation, one or more genes are mutated or integrated into the genetic material of the modified plant, said genes being selected from pat, epsps, cry1Ab, bar, cry1Fa2, cry1Ac, cry34Ab1, cry35AB1, cry3A, cryF, cry1F, mcry3a, cry2Ab2, cry3Bb1, cry1A.105, dfr, barnase, vip3Aa20, barstar, als, bxn, bp40, asn1, and ppo5.

[0137] In another preferred embodiment, the modified plant exhibits one or more traits selected from the group consisting of: abiotic stress tolerance, altered growth / yield, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, improved product quality, and pollination control. Preferably, the plant exhibits herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, or a combination thereof.

[0138] The Formula I compound can be used in the method of the present invention as a mixture with fertilizers (e.g., fertilizers containing nitrogen, potassium, or phosphorus). Suitable formulation types include fertilizer granules. The mixture preferably contains up to 25% by weight of the Formula I compound.

[0139] The compositions of the present invention may contain other biologically active compounds II, such as micronutrients, or compounds with fungicidal activity, or compounds with activity that regulates plant growth, controls weeds, kills insects, kills nematodes, or kills mites.

[0140] The compound used in the methods of this invention may be the sole active ingredient of the composition, or may be mixed with one or more other active ingredients II, such as insecticides, fungicides, synergists, herbicides, or plant growth regulators, where appropriate. Other active ingredients may: provide a composition with a broader activity spectrum or increased retention time in the field; enhance or supplement the activity of the compound I (e.g., by increasing the rate of action or overcoming rejection); or help overcome or prevent the development of resistance to a single component. Specific other active ingredients depend on the intended application of the composition.

[0141] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the individual components of the composition of the present invention, such as the parts of a packaged set or the parts of a binary or ternary mixture, can be mixed by the user in a spray tank, and other adjuvants may be added if appropriate.

[0142] Compound I can be mixed with soil, peat, or other rooting media to protect plants from seed-borne, terrestrial, or foliar fungal diseases.

[0143] Examples of suitable compound II for use in the composition include abamectin, acetamiprid, α-cypermethrin, clothianidin, dinotefuran, and fluorinated paraffins. Fludioxonil, Spinosad, Spiotetramat, Sulfoxaflor, Fipronil, Thiacloprid, Acidopyropen, Chloranthraniliprole, Cyanthraniliprole, Imidacloprid, Pymetrozine, Amectoctradin, Chlorothalonil, Propiconazole, Benthiavalicarb Difenoconazole, dimethomorph, epoxiconazole, prochloraz, boscalid, carbendazim, fluoxastrobin, prochloraz, azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fenhexamide, fluxapyroxad, trifloxystrobin, tebuconazole, triticonazole, mefenoxam, dithianon, mancozeb, propineb, metconazole, thiabendazole.

[0144] The appropriate herbicides and plant growth regulators contained in the composition depend on the intended objectives and desired effects.

[0145] Suitable formulations and applications relating to this application are disclosed below. These preferred embodiments relate to (1) mixtures of the present invention comprising a pyrazole compound of formula I, and uses and methods including the application of said mixture, and (2) uses and methods including the application of a compound of formula I of the present invention.

[0146] The mixtures or compounds of Formula I of the present invention can be provided in the form of agricultural chemical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I as well as one or more other pesticide active ingredients and adjuvants.

[0147] Formulations containing compounds of Formula I of the present invention can be converted into conventional types of agrochemical compositions, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes, granules, molded products, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples of composition types include suspensions (e.g., SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g., EC), emulsions (e.g., EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g., CS, ZC), pastes, tablets, wettable powders or granules (e.g., WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), molded products (e.g., BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g., WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticides (e.g., LN), and gel formulations for treating plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g., GF). These and other composition types are defined in “Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system,” Technical Monograph, Vol. 2, 6th edition, May 2008, CropLife International.

[0148] The composition is prepared in a known manner, for example, as described in Mollet and Grünemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.

[0149] Examples of suitable additives include solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, auxiliary agents, solvents, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoamers, colorants, viscous agents and adhesives.

[0150] Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as medium to high boiling point mineral oil fractions, such as kerosene and diesel; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, and alkylated naphthalene; alcohols, such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, and cyclohexanol; diols; DMSO; ketones, such as cyclohexanone; esters, such as lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, and γ-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, such as N-methylpyrrolidone and fatty acid dimethylamide; and mixtures thereof.

[0151] Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral soils, such as silicates, silica gel, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and magnesium oxide; polysaccharide powders, such as cellulose and starch; fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, and urea; plant-derived products, such as grain flour, bark powder, wood flour, and nut shell powder; and mixtures thereof.

[0152] Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. These surfactants can be used as emulsifiers, dispersants, solvents, wetting agents, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, or auxiliaries. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Volume 1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International or North American edition).

[0153] Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium salts of sulfonic acids, sulfuric acids, phosphoric acids, and carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates include alkyl aryl sulfonates, diphenyl sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates, or sulfosuccinamides. Examples of sulfates include sulfates of fatty acids and oils, sulfates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfates of alcohols, sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols, or sulfates of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate ester salts. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates and carboxylated alcohols or alkylphenol ethoxylates.

[0154] Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, glycosyl surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates include compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids, or fatty acid esters that have been alkoxylated by 1-50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide can be used for alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide. Examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucosamides or fatty acid chain alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerides, or monoglycerides. Examples of glycosyl surfactants are sorbitol, ethoxylated sorbitol, sucrose and glucose esters, or alkyl polyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are homopolymers or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl alcohol, or vinyl acetate.

[0155] Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium compounds having one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkyl betaines and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are AB or ABA type block polymers containing blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or ABC type block polymers containing alkanols, polyethylene oxide, and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polyalkalis. Examples of polyacids are alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polyalkalis are polyvinylamine or polyvinylamine.

[0156] Suitable adjuvants are compounds that possess negligible or no pesticide activity themselves and improve the biological properties of the active ingredient on the target. Examples include surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other adjuvants. Other examples are listed in Knowles, Adjuvants and Additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, Chapter 5.

[0157] Suitable thickeners include polysaccharides (such as xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose), inorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.

[0158] Suitable bactericides include bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinone and benzisothiazolinone.

[0159] Suitable antifreeze agents include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, and glycerin.

[0160] Suitable defoamers are polysiloxanes, long-chain alcohols, and fatty acid salts.

[0161] Suitable colorants (e.g., red, blue, or green) are low-water-soluble pigments and water-soluble dyes. Examples include inorganic colorants (e.g., iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferric hexacyanate ferrite) and organic colorants (e.g., alizarin colorants, azo colorants, and phthalocyanine colorants).

[0162] Suitable tackifiers or adhesives include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylate, biowax or synthetic wax, and cellulose ether.

[0163] Examples of composition types and their preparation are as follows:

[0164] i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)

[0165] Dissolve 10-60% by weight of the pesticide active compound and 5-15% by weight of the wetting agent (e.g., alcohol alkoxylate) in up to 100% by weight of water and / or a water-soluble solvent (e.g., alcohol). The active substance is dissolved after dilution with water.

[0166] ii) Dispersible concentrate (DC)

[0167] Dissolve 5-25% by weight of the pesticide active compound and 1-10% by weight of a dispersant (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone) in an organic solvent (e.g., cyclohexanone) up to 100% by weight. Dilute with water to obtain a dispersion.

[0168] iii) Emulsifiable concentrate (EC)

[0169] Dissolve 15-70% by weight of the pesticide active compound and 5-10% by weight of the emulsifier (e.g., calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) in a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons) up to 100% by weight. Dilute with water to obtain an emulsion.

[0170] iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)

[0171] 5-40 wt% of the pesticide active compound and 1-10 wt% of the emulsifier (e.g., calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in 20-40 wt% of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons). The mixture is then introduced into water to a concentration of 100 wt% using an emulsifier to form a homogeneous emulsion. The emulsion is then diluted with water.

[0172] v) Suspension (SC, OD, FS)

[0173] In a stirred ball mill, 20-60 wt% of the pesticide active compound is pulverized, with the addition of 2-10 wt% of dispersant and wetting agent (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate), 0.1-2 wt% of thickener (e.g., xanthan gum), and up to 100 wt% water, to obtain a finely pulverized suspension of the active substance. The suspension is diluted with water to obtain a stable suspension of the active substance. For FS-type compositions, up to 40 wt% of binder (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol) is added.

[0174] vi) Water-dispersible particles and water-soluble particles (WG, SG)

[0175] 50-80% by weight of the pesticide active compound is finely ground, with up to 100% by weight of dispersant and wetting agent (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate) added, and prepared into water-dispersible or water-soluble particles using industrial facilities (e.g., extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). The mixture is then diluted with water to obtain a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.

[0176] vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)

[0177] 50-80 wt% of the pesticide active compound is milled in a rotor-stator mill, with 1-5 wt% of a dispersant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate), 1-3 wt% of a wetting agent (e.g., alcohol ethoxylate), and up to 100 wt% of a solid carrier, such as silica gel, added. The mixture is then diluted with water to obtain a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.

[0178] viii) Microemulsion (ME)

[0179] Add 5-20% by weight of the pesticide active compound to 5-30% by weight of a mixture of organic solvents (e.g., fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10-25% by weight of a mixture of surfactants (e.g., alcohol ethoxylates and arylphenol ethoxylates), and 100% water. Stir the mixture for 1 hour to spontaneously generate a thermodynamically stable microemulsion.

[0180] ix) Microcapsules (CS)

[0181] An oil phase comprising 5-50 wt% of a pesticide active compound, 0-40 wt% of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatics), and 2-15 wt% of acrylic monomers (e.g., methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and di- or tri-acrylates) is dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). Free radical polymerization initiated by a free radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules. Alternatively, an oil phase comprising 5-50 wt% of a pesticide active compound, 0-40 wt% of a water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatics), and isocyanate monomers (e.g., diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate) is dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). The addition of a polyamine (e.g., hexamethylenediamine) results in the formation of polyurea microcapsules. The monomer content is 1-10 wt%. This wt% refers to the total CS composition.

[0182] x) Sprinkleable powder (DP, DS)

[0183] 1-10% by weight of the pesticide active compound is finely ground and thoroughly mixed with up to 100% by weight of a solid carrier (e.g., finely crushed kaolin).

[0184] xi) particles (GR, FG)

[0185] 0.5–30 wt% of v is finely ground and combined with up to 100 wt% of a solid support (e.g., silicate). Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray drying, or fluidized bed.

[0186] xii) Ultra-low volume liquids (UL)

[0187] Dissolve 1-50% by weight of the pesticide active compound in an organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbons) up to 100% by weight.

[0188] Compositions of type i)-x) may optionally contain other adjuvants, such as 0.1-1% by weight of a bactericide, 5-15% by weight of an antifreeze, 0.1-1% by weight of an antifoamer and 0.1-1% by weight of a colorant.

[0189] The agrochemical composition typically contains 0.01-95% by weight, preferably 0.1-90% by weight, and most preferably 0.5-75% by weight of an active substance. The active substance is used at a purity of 90-100%, preferably 95-100% (based on NMR spectroscopy).

[0190] Various types of oils, wetting agents, adjuvants, fertilizers or micronutrients and other pesticides (e.g., herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners) can be added as a premix to the active substances or compositions containing them, or, if appropriate, added (in a barrel mix) immediately before use. These agents can be mixed with the compositions of the present invention at a weight ratio of 1:100-100:1, preferably 1:10-10:1.

[0191] Users typically apply the compositions of the present invention using pre-dose devices, backpack sprayers, spray cans, spray aircraft, or irrigation systems. The agricultural chemical compositions are usually formulated with water, buffers, and / or other adjuvants to the desired application concentration to obtain a ready-to-use spray or the agricultural chemical composition of the present invention. 20-2000 liters, preferably 50-400 liters, of ready-to-use spray are typically applied per hectare of agricultural land.

[0192] According to one embodiment, the user can mix the components of the composition of the present invention in a spray tank, such as the parts of a packaged set or the parts of a binary or ternary mixture, and may add other adjuvants if appropriate.

[0193] In another embodiment, the user may mix the components of the composition of the present invention or a portion of the premixed components, such as components containing pesticide active compounds, in a spray tank, and may add other adjuvants and additives if appropriate.

[0194] In another embodiment, the components of the composition of the present invention or partially premixed components (e.g., components containing pesticide active compounds) may be applied in combination (e.g., after barrel mixing) or sequentially.

[0195] Common seed treatment formulations include, for example, flowable concentrates (FS), solutions (LS), suspension emulsions (SE), powders for drying treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for pulp treatment (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES) and (EC), and gel formulations (GF). These formulations can be applied to seeds diluted or undiluted. Seed application is carried out directly on the seeds before sowing or after the latter has pre-germinated. Preferably, the formulation is applied in a manner that excludes germination.

[0196] The concentration of active ingredient in the ready-to-use formulation obtained after 2-10 times dilution is preferably 0.01-60% by weight, more preferably 0.1-40% by weight.

[0197] In a preferred embodiment, the FS formulation is used for seed treatment. Typically, the FS formulation may contain 1-800 g / L of active ingredient, 1-200 g / L of surfactant, 0-200 g / L of antifreeze, 0-400 g / L of binder, 0-200 g / L of pigment, and up to 1 liter of solvent, preferably water.

[0198] Particularly preferred compounds of formula I, preferably one of compounds I-1, I-2 and I-3, typically contain 0.1-80% by weight (1-800 g / l) of an active ingredient; 0.1-20% by weight (1-200 g / l) of at least one surfactant, such as 0.05-5% by weight of a wetting agent and 0.5-15% by weight of a dispersant; up to 20% by weight, such as 5-20% of an antifreeze agent; 0-15% by weight, such as 1-15% by weight of a pigment and / or dye; 0-40% by weight, such as 1-40% by weight of a binder (adhesive / adhesive); optionally up to 5% by weight, such as 0.1-5% by weight of a thickener; optionally 0.1-2% of an antifoamer; and optionally a preservative, such as a biocidal agent, antioxidant, etc., for example in an amount of 0.01-1% by weight; and up to 100% by weight of a filler / carrier.

[0199] In seed treatment, the application rate of the pyrazole compound of formula I is typically 0.1 g to 10 kg / 100 kg of seeds, preferably 1 g to 5 kg / 100 kg of seeds, more preferably 1-1000 g / 100 kg of seeds, and especially 1-200 g / 100 kg of seeds, for example 1-100 g / 100 kg of seeds or 5-100 g / 100 kg of seeds.

[0200] Therefore, the present invention also relates to seeds comprising a pyrazole compound of formula (I). The amount of the pyrazole compound of formula (I) is typically from 0.1 g to 10 kg / 100 kg of seeds, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg / 100 kg of seeds, and particularly from 1 to 1000 g / 100 kg of seeds. For certain crops such as lettuce, the application rate can be higher. Example

[0201] The present invention can be illustrated by the following examples.

[0202] The bioactivity and effectiveness of the compounds used in the methods of this invention can be assessed, for example, by the following assays.

[0203] The tested active compounds were formulated into SL-type formulations. The formulations were diluted with 2.5 ml of water per liter to achieve the final test concentration, as shown in Table 1.

[0204] Effects on sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

[0205] A randomized block design with 2×3 factors was used to determine the interaction effects of two explanatory variables (productivity and soybean variety) and the main effect on the response variable—whitefly mortality. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions and used Intacta soybeans at growth stage 11. TM (With Bt trait) and 'BMX Potencia' (without trait). All study plants were infested with adult whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) before application.

[0206] The formulation of compound I-1 was combined with water and applied at a concentration of 60 g ai / ha using a CO2 pressurized spray arm at a water volume of 200 L / ha. The first application was set at the whitefly infestation threshold, followed by a second application 7 days later.

[0207] The assessment was conducted by counting adult and immature whiteflies on the entire plant 3 days after the second application.

[0208] Compound I-1 elicited the following mortality response:

[0209] Table 1: Average whitefly nymph response 3 days after the second application

[0210]

[0211] According to G. de Kerchove, A Statistical Handbook for Agricultural FieldTrials Specialists, 2nd ed., Middletown, DE: ARM, 2016, page 58, the interaction effect between two factors determines the appropriate analytical method. In this case, the interaction effect between treatment rate and variety (AB) was not significant at the 5% level (Table 1). Therefore, each factor A and B was considered independent, and the treatment mean was analyzed by multiple comparison analysis (ANOVA). Three days after the second application, whitefly nymphs exposed to 60 g ai / ha of compound I-1 in Intacta TM Soybeans (μ = 0.57) experienced a significantly reduced survival rate compared to BMX Potencia (μ = 4.91). These results demonstrate the effect of I-1 on Intacta TM The synergistic effect of whiteflies in soybeans is independent of application rate and the interaction between varieties.

Claims

1. A method for controlling pests of genetically modified Bt plants, said pest being the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), said method comprising the step of contacting the plant, its parts, its reproductive material, the pest, its food supply, habitat, or breeding ground with a pyrazole compound of formula I, 1-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide:

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a soybean plant.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pyrazole compound of formula I is applied at an amount of 1-500 g / ha.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pyrazole compound of formula I is applied by foliar application.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, used for protecting plant propagation material.

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