Fuel cell cold start system and cold start control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell cold start system and a cold start control method. The fuel cell cold start control method is to install a temperature detection unit and an electric heating unit in the hydrogen path system and the cooling loop system respectively. The temperature detection unit detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen path system and the cooling loop system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. When the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating unit installed on the hydrogen path system and the cooling loop system to energize and heat until the temperature of the hydrogen path system and the cooling loop system reaches a predetermined temperature before starting the fuel cell. It adopts efficient control technology to achieve the cold start with the lowest power consumption, has a fast start speed, does not require a long cold start waiting time, has a compact structure, is easy to implement, and has extremely low production and assembly costs; and is simple and convenient for after-sales maintenance.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention relates to a fuel cell cold start system and a cold start control method. Background technology:

[0002] A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a power generation device that can directly convert the chemical energy stored in the fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. We often call the device that performs the chemical reaction a "stack" or "stack module". As long as the fuel (usually hydrogen) and oxidant (usually air) are continuously supplied on the anode side and the cathode side, it can continuously output electrical energy through redox reactions. Unlike ordinary rechargeable batteries (such as lithium batteries), a simple fuel cell or fuel cell stack unit cannot work. It requires a complex set of auxiliary systems to cooperate with it to form a fuel cell power generation system to generate electricity. A typical fuel cell power generation system, in addition to the fuel cell stack, generally includes a hydrogen supply. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a power generation device that can directly convert the chemical energy stored in the fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. As long as the fuel (usually hydrogen) and oxidant (usually air) are continuously supplied on the anode side and the cathode side, it can continuously output electrical energy through redox reactions. Unlike general rechargeable batteries (such as lithium batteries), a simple fuel cell or fuel cell stack unit cannot work. It requires a complex set of auxiliary systems to cooperate with it to form a fuel cell power generation system to generate electricity. A typical fuel cell power generation system, in addition to the fuel cell stack, generally includes a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system, an air circuit system, and an electrical management and control subsystem.

[0003] The hydrogen circuit system is one of the important subsystems of the fuel cell power generation system, providing the required hydrogen with a certain pressure and flow rate for fuel cell power generation. Figure 1As shown, the hydrogen supply device generally transports hydrogen into the stack to participate in the reaction through hydrogen storage equipment and a series of pressure reducing devices, and the hydrogen pressure is measured in real time by the hydrogen pressure sensor installed at the inlet of the stack. In order to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen and the safety of the stack operation, the remaining hydrogen in the reaction is generally not discharged directly into the atmosphere, but by using a hydrogen return pump, the unreacted hydrogen in the hydrogen loop is directly pumped back to the inlet of the anode side from the outlet of the fuel cell stack anode side, and then enters the fuel cell to participate in the reaction again after merging with the freshly injected reaction gas at the inlet. During normal use of the fuel cell, the nitrogen in the reaction air on the cathode side of the stack and the generated water after the reaction will continuously diffuse to the anode side through the proton exchange membrane due to the concentration difference, resulting in a continuous decrease in the effective concentration of hydrogen on the anode side, affecting the reaction rate and the performance of the stack. In the system design, an electromagnetic purge valve is generally added to the outlet pipeline on the anode side of the stack. According to the system control design requirements, it will be periodically opened and closed to periodically discharge part of the hydrogen, nitrogen and water in the hydrogen loop to the atmosphere to prevent the continuous accumulation of nitrogen and water in the hydrogen loop.

[0004] When the ambient temperature is below freezing and the fuel cell system is shut down, the liquid water attached to the hydrogen path system condenses into ice, the flow channel is blocked, and the fuel cell power generation system cannot work normally during the cold start until the solid ice on the flow channel melts. It can only start normally, otherwise the entire system cannot start and operate normally, which needs to be improved. In addition, the cooling circuit system will not start normally due to the low ambient temperature, and the air path system will also supply too low air temperature due to the low ambient temperature, affecting the operation of the fuel cell. In a low temperature environment, the water remaining on the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell after shutting down the battery reactor will freeze, thereby destroying the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell. At the same time, the optimal operating temperature of the fuel cell is between 60℃-70℃. The reliability of the fuel cell is insufficient under low temperature conditions. The waiting time for starting at low temperature cold start is too long, and the fuel cell temperature cannot be quickly increased, which will seriously affect the efficiency of the fuel cell. Summary of the invention:

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell cold start system that can avoid the technical problems of poor cold start reliability and failure to start quickly of fuel cells in colder areas.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell cold start control method, which solves the technical problem that the fuel cell has poor cold start reliability and cannot start quickly in cold areas.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0008] A fuel cell cold start system includes a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen path system, a cooling circuit system and an air path system, and is characterized in that: a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of electric heating units are installed in the hydrogen path system and / or the cooling circuit system, the temperature sensors detect the temperature rise of the hydrogen path system and / or the cooling circuit system and send the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller, and the fuel cell controller controls the power on and off of the electric heating units installed in the hydrogen path system and / or the cooling circuit system according to the temperature signal.

[0009] The components in the hydrogen gas path system described above include a hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, a hydrogen return pump and a purge valve, the several temperature sensors include a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor, the electric heating unit includes a first electric heating plate, a second electric heating plate and a third electric heating plate, the first temperature sensor and the first electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, the second temperature sensor and the second electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen return pump, and the third temperature sensor and the third electric heating plate are installed on the purge valve.

[0010] The above-mentioned hydrogen inlet integrated manifold includes a manifold, a shut-off valve, a proportional regulating valve, a pressure sensor and a pressure relief valve; wherein the shut-off valve is used to control the on-off of the hydrogen inlet; the proportional regulating valve is used to control the pressure of the hydrogen circuit; the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the hydrogen circuit; the pressure relief valve is used to protect the fuel cell stack from being damaged by high pressure; the manifold integrates the shut-off valve, the proportional regulating valve, the pressure sensor and the pressure relief valve in one; the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature rise of the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold and send the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller, and the fuel cell controller controls the on-off of the first electric heating plate installed on the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold according to the temperature signal.

[0011] The multiple channels inside the above-mentioned manifold are connected and installed with stop valves, proportional control valves, pressure sensors, and pressure relief valves to switch on and off, regulate, monitor pressure, and provide safety protection for hydrogen at the inlet end, thereby controlling the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack inlet; a first electric heating plate is installed at the bottom of the manifold for low-temperature start-up heating, and a first temperature sensor is installed at the top to detect the temperature in real time.

[0012] The above-mentioned hydrogen return pump is connected to the hydrogen outlet and hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and re-pressurizes the unreacted hydrogen at the hydrogen outlet and returns it to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; a second electric heating plate is installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump for low-temperature startup heating; a second temperature sensor is also installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump to detect the temperature of the hydrogen return pump in real time.

[0013] The third electric heating plates are installed on both sides and the bottom of the purge valve for low-temperature start-up heating; and the third temperature sensor is installed on the side to detect the temperature of the purge valve in real time.

[0014] The cooling circuit system described above cools the battery stack, and the cooling circuit system includes a cooling pipe, a water pump, a radiator and a constant temperature three-way valve passing through the battery reactor. The electric heating unit includes an electric heater, which is installed on the cooling pipe to heat the coolant. A coolant replenishing circuit is connected between the first water outlet of the cooling pipe and the first water inlet of the cooling pipe. A fourth temperature sensor is provided at the first water inlet of the cooling pipe, and a fifth temperature sensor is provided at the first water outlet of the cooling pipe. The fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor transmit the detected coolant temperature data to the fuel cell system controller, and the fuel cell system controller controls the operation of the constant temperature three-way valve, the water pump and the electric heater.

[0015] The air path system described above includes an air compressor, which includes a motor, a motor controller, a transmission and a compressor, and is used to inhale and compress air; an air cooler, which is used to cool the compressed air; the air compressor is controlled by the fuel cell controller, and a sixth temperature sensor is installed at the outlet end of the air path system. The sixth temperature sensor detects the rise in air temperature and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the air compressor according to the temperature signal. When the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor to heat the air.

[0016] A cold start control method for a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell comprises a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen path system, a cooling circuit system and an air path system, and is characterized in that a temperature detection unit and an electric heating unit are respectively installed in the hydrogen path system and the cooling circuit system, the temperature detection unit detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen path system and the cooling circuit system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller, when the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating unit installed in the hydrogen path system and the cooling circuit system to be energized for heating, and the fuel cell is started only after the temperature of the hydrogen path system and the cooling circuit system reaches a predetermined temperature.

[0017] The hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, hydrogen return pump and purge valve in the above-mentioned hydrogen path system are respectively equipped with temperature detection units and electric heating units. The fuel cell controller monitors the temperature changes of the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, hydrogen return pump and purge valve. When the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating units installed on the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, hydrogen return pump and purge valve to energize and heat until the predetermined temperature is reached before starting the fuel cell.

[0018] The air path system described above includes an air compressor, which is controlled by a fuel cell controller. A sixth temperature sensor is installed at the outlet end of the air path system. The sixth temperature sensor detects the rise in air temperature and sends a temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the air compressor according to the temperature signal. When the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor to heat the air until the air temperature reaches a predetermined temperature and then starts the fuel cell.

[0019] The heating rates of the hydrogen circuit system, cooling circuit system and air circuit system described above are similar.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following effects:

[0021] 1) The fuel cell of the present invention can avoid the lack of reliability of the fuel cell system in the prior art under low temperature conditions; compared with some existing products on the market that adopt a long-term heat preservation strategy, the present invention adopts efficient control technology to achieve the cold start with the lowest power consumption, with a fast start speed and no need for long cold start waiting;

[0022] 2) The fuel cell of the present invention has a compact structure, is easy to implement, and has extremely low production and assembly costs; after-sales maintenance is simple and convenient, and has good reliability.

[0023] 3) The cold start control method of the fuel cell of the present invention is simple to control, easy to implement, low in cost, has good cold start reliability and is fast, saves energy, and meets objective needs;

[0024] 4) Other advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the embodiments section. Description of the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of the working principle of existing fuel cells;

[0026] Figure 2 is a perspective structural diagram of a fuel cell provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a structural stereogram of a fuel cell provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention from another angle;

[0028] Figure 4 is an exploded view of a fuel cell provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell stack provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 is a principle block diagram of a fuel cell provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 is a circuit block diagram of a fuel cell provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A further expanded circuit block diagram;

[0033] Fig. 9 This is a perspective view of the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.10 is a three-dimensional view from another angle of the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.11 is a side view of the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.12 yes Fig.11 Sectional view of AA in the middle;

[0037] Fig.13 is a top view of the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.14 yes Fig.13 Cross-sectional view of the middle BB;

[0039] Fig.15 yes Fig.13 Cross-sectional view of CC;

[0040] Fig.16 It is a working block diagram of the first electric heating plate and the first temperature sensor in the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Fig.17 is a three-dimensional diagram of a hydrogen return pump provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.18 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen return pump provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.19 is a partial cross-sectional view of a hydrogen return pump provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Fig. 20 yes Fig.19 A partial enlarged view of D in the middle;

[0045] Fig.21 This is a control circuit diagram of a hydrogen return pump provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Fig. 22 is a three-dimensional diagram of a purge valve provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.23 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the sweep valve provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.24 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a purge valve provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.25 is a control circuit diagram of a purge valve provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.26 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling circuit system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Fig. 27 is a block diagram of a cooling circuit system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.28 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air path system provided in the first embodiment of the present invention. Specific implementation method:

[0053] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Embodiment 1:

[0055] like Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell cold start system, comprising a box cover 1E, a box body 2E, a bottom cover 3E, a fuel cell stack 4E, a fuel cell controller 5E, a hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E, a hydrogen return pump 7E, a purge valve 8E, a cooling circuit system 10E and an air path system 9E, wherein the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E, the hydrogen return pump 7E and the purge valve 8E constitute the hydrogen path system; the fuel cell stack 4E, the fuel cell controller 5E, the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E, the hydrogen return pump 7E and the purge valve 8E are installed in the cavity of the box body 2E, the cooling circuit system 10E and the air path system 9E are installed outside the box body 2E and installed on the bottom surface of the box body 2E, and then covered by the bottom cover 3E.

[0056] like Figures 2 to 8As shown, a fuel cell cold start system of the present invention comprises a fuel cell stack 4E, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system and an air circuit system, characterized in that: a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of electric heating units are installed in the hydrogen circuit system and / or the cooling circuit system, the temperature sensor detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen circuit system and / or the cooling circuit system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller, and the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating unit installed in the hydrogen circuit system and / or the cooling circuit system to turn on and off according to the temperature signal. The components in the hydrogen circuit system include a hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E, a hydrogen return pump 7E and a purge valve 8E, the plurality of temperature sensors include a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor, the plurality of electric heating units include a first electric heating plate, a second electric heating plate and a third electric heating plate, the first temperature sensor and the first electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E, the second temperature sensor and the second electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen return pump 7E, and the third temperature sensor and the third electric heating plate are installed on the purge valve 8E.

[0057] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figures 9 to 16As shown, the above-mentioned hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E includes a manifold 1A, a flow channel for hydrogen flow is provided inside the manifold 1A, and also includes a first electric heating plate 101A and a first temperature sensor 102A installed on the manifold 1A. The temperature of the fuel cell hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E is detected by the first temperature sensor 102A. When the fuel cell hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E is started at low temperature, the first electric heating plate 101A can be used to heat the various parts of the fuel cell hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E, thereby realizing the cold start function. The above-mentioned first electric heating plate 101A is an electric heating plate, which is mounted on the surface of the manifold 1A. The heating plate has a simple structure and a wide heating range, which enhances the heating effect. The above-mentioned first temperature sensor 102A and the first electric heating plate 101A are respectively connected to the fuel cell controller. The first temperature sensor 102A senses the temperature of the manifold 1A. When the sensed temperature is lower than the set value, the fuel cell controller controls the first electric heating plate 101A to work, and when the sensed temperature is greater than the set value, the fuel cell controller controls the first electric heating plate 101A to stop working. When cold starting in a low-temperature environment, the first temperature sensor 102A detects the temperature of the hydrogen inlet valve assembly in real time and sends it to the fuel cell controller, which controls the first electric heating plate 101A to collectively heat each part. After reaching the expected temperature, the cold start is successful; the heating is directly controlled by the fuel cell controller, and the control is fast and simple. The above-mentioned electric heating plate is mounted on the bottom surface 182A of the manifold 1A, and the first temperature sensor 102A is mounted on the top surface 181A of the manifold 1A. It is easy to install and has a wide heating range. The above-mentioned electric heating plate is also mounted on the side 183A of the manifold 1. The heating area is further increased to enhance the heating effect. The above-mentioned hydrogen inlet integrated manifold 6E also includes a shut-off valve 2A, a proportional control valve 3A, a pressure sensor 4A, a hydrogen inlet connector 5A and a hydrogen outlet connector 7A. The flow channels arranged in the manifold 1A for hydrogen circulation include a first flow channel 11A, a second flow channel 12A and a third flow channel 13A. The first inlet 111A of the first flow channel 11A is installed with the hydrogen inlet connector 5A. The first outlet 112A of the first flow channel 11A is connected to the second inlet 121A of the second flow channel 12A through the shut-off valve 2A. The second outlet 122A of the second flow channel 12A is connected to the third inlet 131A of the third flow channel 13A through the proportional control valve 3A. The third outlet 132A of the third flow channel 13A is installed with the hydrogen outlet connector 7A. The middle part of the third flow channel 13A is connected to a pressure detection channel 40A, and the pressure sensor 4A is installed in the pressure detection channel 40A. The components are integrated together by the manifold 1A, which has strong integrity, compact size, low manufacturing cost, and more effective heating effect of the first electric heating plate 101A. The first flow channel 11A, the second flow channel 12A, and the third flow channel 13A are all straight pipes, the first flow channel 11A and the third flow channel 13A are parallel to each other, the second flow channel 12A is perpendicular to the first flow channel 11A, and the distribution of each flow channel is simple and reasonable.A grounding terminal 17A is also installed on the surface of the above-mentioned manifold 1A, and the grounding terminal 17A is connected to the box of the fuel cell through a grounding lead to effectively eliminate static electricity. The above-mentioned pressure detection channel 40A is connected to a pressure relief channel 105A, and a pressure relief valve 106A is installed at the end of the pressure relief channel 105A. The pressure relief valve 106A can protect the battery stack from being damaged by high pressure. A limiting flow block 8A is installed inside the above-mentioned hydrogen inlet connector 5A, and a limiting flow hole 81A is arranged in the middle of the limiting flow block 8A. When the proportional control valve 3A and the stop valve 2A fail, the limiting flow hole 81A limits the flow of hydrogen entering the manifold 1A to prevent the hydrogen coming from the gas cylinder from directly entering the manifold 1A and causing damage to the battery stack module group. The bottom surface 182A of the above-mentioned manifold 1A is installed with a bracket 104A, and the first electric heating plate 101A is supported on the bracket 104A. The bracket 104A enhances the vibration resistance of the hydrogen inlet valve assembly.

[0058] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figures 17 to 21As shown, the hydrogen return pump 7E is connected to the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the unreacted hydrogen at the hydrogen outlet is re-pressurized and returned to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; a second electric heating plate is installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump 7E for low-temperature start-up heating; a second temperature sensor is also installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump 7E to detect the temperature of the hydrogen return pump 7E in real time. The hydrogen return pump 7E is equipped with a second electric heating plate 1B and a second temperature sensor 2B. The temperature of the hydrogen return pump 7E is detected by the second temperature sensor 2B, and the hydrogen return pump 7E is heated by the second electric heating plate 1B at an appropriate time, thereby realizing the cold start function. The second electric heating plate 1B is an electric heating plate, and the hydrogen return pump is heated by the electric heating plate at an appropriate time, thereby realizing the cold start function. The second electric heating plate 1B and the second temperature sensor 2B are connected to the fuel cell controller respectively. The second temperature sensor 2B detects the temperature of the hydrogen return pump 7E and sends it to the fuel cell controller. When the detected temperature is lower than the set value, the fuel cell controller controls the second electric heating plate 1B to work. When the detected temperature is higher than the set value, the fuel cell controller controls the second electric heating plate 1B to stop working. The heating is controlled by the fuel cell controller, and the control is fast and simple. The hydrogen return pump 7E includes a first diaphragm pump 61, a first mounting plate 62, a first gas collecting block 63, a motor 64, a second diaphragm pump 65, a second mounting plate 66, a second gas collecting block 67, a joint 68, a hydrogen inlet pipe 69 and a hydrogen outlet pipe 670. The first gas collecting block 63 is installed at the bottom of the first mounting plate 62, the first diaphragm pump 61 is installed at the top of the first mounting plate 62, the second gas collecting block 67 is installed at the bottom of the second mounting plate 66, and the second diaphragm pump 65 is installed at the top of the second mounting plate 66. 3 is connected with the second gas collecting block 67 by a joint 68, a motor 64 is installed between the first diaphragm pump 61 and the second diaphragm pump 65, the motor 64 drives the first diaphragm pump 61 and the second diaphragm pump 65, one side of the second gas collecting block 67 is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipeline 69, one side of the first gas collecting block 63 is connected to the hydrogen outlet pipeline 670, the second electric heating plate 1B is installed on the second gas collecting block 67 or / and the first gas collecting block 63, it has a compact structure, reasonable layout, easy installation, and the heating effect of the second electric heating plate 1B is more effective. The second electric heating plate 1B is mounted on the bottom surface installed on the second gas collecting block 67 or / and the first gas collecting block 63; the second temperature sensor 2B is a wire ear temperature sensor, which is fixed on the side of the second gas collecting block 67 by screws, easy to install, and simple in structure. The second gas collecting block 67 includes a flow channel top plate 41B and a flow channel bottom plate 42B, and a hydrogen flow channel 43B is formed between the flow channel top plate 41B and the flow channel bottom plate 42B. When hydrogen is input into the hydrogen inlet pipe 69, the hydrogen passes through the hydrogen flow channel 43B of the second gas collecting block 67 and then is transmitted to the first gas collecting block 63 through the joint 68 and is transmitted from the hydrogen outlet pipe 670. The second electric heating plate 1B is attached to the bottom of the flow channel bottom plate 42B, and the second temperature sensor 2B is fixed to the side of the flow channel top plate 41B by screws.A pressing plate 11B is provided at the bottom of the second electric heating plate 1B, and the pressing plate 11B is fixed to the flow channel bottom plate 42B by screws to press the second electric heating plate 1B tightly to prevent the second electric heating plate from loosening, which would cause the fuel cell to fail to achieve the cold start function. The first gas collecting block 63 and the second gas collecting block 67 have the same structure.

[0059] like Figure 22 to Figure 25As shown, the purge valve is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack to remove the water vapor of the reaction byproduct at the hydrogen outlet and the nitrogen that penetrates from the air end, thereby improving the efficiency and service life of the fuel cell stack; the purge valve 8E described above is an electromagnetic purge valve 1C, and the electromagnetic purge valve 1C is installed with a third electric heating plate 2C and a third temperature sensor 3C. The temperature of the electromagnetic purge valve 1C is detected by the third temperature sensor 3C, and the electromagnetic purge valve 1C is heated by the third electric heating plate 2C at an appropriate time, thereby realizing the cold start function. The electromagnetic purge valve 1C includes a purge valve body 11C, and the third electric heating plate 2C is mounted on the outer surface of the purge valve body 11C. The electromagnetic purge valve is heated by the third electric heating plate 2C at an appropriate time, thereby realizing the cold start function. The third electric heating plate 2C includes a bottom electric heating plate 21C and a side electric heating plate 22C. The bottom electric heating plate 21C and the side electric heating plate 22C are electric heating plates. The bottom electric heating plate 21C is installed on the bottom surface of the purge valve body 11C, and the side electric heating plate 22C is installed on the side of the purge valve body 11C. The electromagnetic purge valve 1C is heated by the bottom electric heating plate 21C and the side electric heating plate 22C, so that the electromagnetic purge valve 1C is quickly heated up and ice is melted. The electromagnetic purge valve 1C includes a purge valve body 11C and a first support frame 12C supporting the purge valve body 11C. The first support frame 12C includes a first bottom plate 121C and a first side plate 122C. The first bottom plate 121C extends from the bottom of the first side plate 122C. The purge valve body 11C is supported on the top surface of the first bottom plate 121C. A hydrogen inlet connector 111C is provided on one side of the purge valve body 11C, and a hydrogen outlet connector 112C is provided on the other side of the purge valve body 11C. A heat conducting core 110C is provided on the bottom of the purge valve body 11C. The bottom electric heating plate 21C is installed between the purge valve body 11C and the first bottom plate 121C. The bottom electric heating plate 21C is attached to the heat conducting core 110C, and heat can be quickly transferred to the inside of the purge valve body 11C through the heat conducting core 110C. The third electric heating plate 2C and the third temperature sensor 3C are respectively connected to the fuel cell controller. The third temperature sensor 3C senses the temperature of the electromagnetic purge valve 1C. When the sensed temperature is lower than the set value, the fuel cell controller controls the third electric heating plate 2C to work. When the sensed temperature is higher than the set value, the fuel cell controller controls the third electric heating plate 2C to stop working. The control is fast and simple.The bottom edge of the purge valve body 11C is provided with a plurality of mounting lugs 113C, and the mounting lugs 113C are provided with a first mounting hole 114C. The first bottom plate 121C is provided with a second mounting hole 1211C corresponding to the first mounting hole 114C. The purge valve body 11C and the first bottom plate 121C are locked by screws passing through the first mounting hole 114C and the second mounting hole 1211C, and the bottom electric heating plate 21C is fixed between the purge valve body 11C and the first bottom plate 121C to prevent the bottom electric heating plate from loosening, resulting in the electromagnetic purge valve 1C being unable to start cold. The structure is simple and the installation is convenient. The side electric heating plate 22C installed on the side of the purge valve body 11C is fixed to the purge valve body 11C through a pressing plate 5C to prevent the side electric heating plate from loosening, resulting in the electromagnetic purge valve 1C being unable to start cold. The structure is simple and the installation is convenient. The side of the first side plate 122C of the first support frame 12C is provided with an L-shaped bracket support 6C. The third temperature sensor 3C is mounted on the pressure plate 5C.

[0060] like Fig.26 , Fig. 27 As shown, the cooling circuit system 10E includes a cooling circuit 100 and a supplementary circuit 200, wherein the cooling circuit 100 includes a cooling pipe 7D passing through the fuel cell stack, a water pump 5D, a radiator 11D, a heater 4D and a thermostatic three-way valve 6D, a fourth temperature sensor 1D is provided at the first water inlet of the cooling pipe 7D, and a fifth temperature sensor 2D is provided at the first water outlet of the cooling pipe 7D, and the fourth temperature sensor 1D and the fifth temperature sensor 2D transmit the detected coolant temperature data to the fuel cell system controller, and the fuel cell system controller controls the thermostatic three-way valve 6D, the water pump 5D and the heater 4D to work. When the fuel cell described in this embodiment is cold-started at a low temperature, the heater 4D is used to heat the coolant in the cooling circuit 100, so that the coolant is quickly heated, the waiting time for cold start is shortened, and the working efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.

[0061] The working temperature of the thermostatic three-way valve 6D is 55°C. The thermostatic three-way valve 6D is used to control the flow direction of the coolant in the cooling circuit 100. Since the optimal working temperature of the fuel cell is between 60°C and 70°C, when the fuel cell starts to work, the coolant temperature is low and no heat dissipation is required. At this time, the coolant directly enters the thermostatic three-way valve 6D from the water pump 5D; when the coolant temperature rises to 55°C, the first inlet of the thermostatic three-way valve 6D gradually opens and the second inlet gradually closes, and the coolant gradually enters the thermostatic three-way valve 6D from the water pump 5D through the radiator 11D. When the first inlet is fully opened, the coolant is all heat exchanged with the outside through the radiator 11D, further improving the working efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0062] The coolant replenishment loop 200 includes a deionizing filter 9D, an expansion water tank 10D and a pressure sensor 3D. One end of the deionizing filter 9D is connected to the first water inlet of the cooling pipe 7D, and the other end of the deionizing filter 9D is connected to the expansion water tank 10D. The other end of the expansion water tank 10D is connected to the second water inlet of the water pump 5D. The pressure sensor 3D is located in the cooling loop 100 and detects the coolant liquid pressure of the cooling loop 100. The expansion water tank 10D is set at the highest point of the entire cooling system. The coolant replenishment loop 200 can automatically balance the hydraulic pressure of the cooling loop 100 and the replenishment of the coolant. The deionizing filter 9D can filter the ions in the coolant. The pressure sensor 3D is located at the first water outlet of the cooling pipe 7D. The heater 4D is powered by the power battery pack 8D. Optionally, the heater 4D can also be powered by an AC power supply or a DC power supply. The output power of the heater 4D can be set according to the coolant temperature to ensure the heating speed of the coolant. The cooling circuit system 10E works as follows: when the fuel cell system controller receives a start command, the fourth temperature sensor 1D and the fifth temperature sensor 2D measure the coolant temperature to obtain a first temperature value T1. When the first temperature value T1 is less than or equal to 2°C, the fuel cell system controller controls the heater 4D to turn on, and the coolant in the cooling circuit 100 heats up rapidly. At the same time, heat is transferred between the coolant and the fuel cell stack, thereby increasing the temperature inside the fuel cell stack, preventing water remaining on the proton exchange membrane from freezing, and protecting the proton exchange membrane. When the coolant is heated to a temperature greater than 2°C, the heater 4D is turned off and the fuel cell stack is started. When the first temperature value T1 is less than the working temperature of the thermostatic three-way valve 6D, the normally open inlet is opened, and the coolant directly enters the thermostatic three-way valve 6D from the water pump 5D. The coolant does not exchange heat with the outside, and the coolant continues to heat up. When the first temperature value T1 rises to the working temperature of the thermostatic three-way valve 6D, the first inlet of the thermostatic three-way valve 6D is gradually opened and the second inlet is gradually closed, and the coolant entering the radiator 11D gradually increases. When the first inlet is fully opened, all the coolant passes through the radiator 11D from the water pump 5D to dissipate heat and cool down before entering the thermostatic valve 6D.

[0063] like Fig.28As shown, the air path system 9E includes an electric drive compressor assembly, an air cooler, a filter, a muffler and a humidifier. The electric drive compressor assembly includes a motor, a motor controller, a transmission and a compressor, which is used to inhale and compress air; the air cooler is used to cool the compressed air; the humidifier is used to humidify the air cooled by the air cooler, and the humidified air is delivered to the fuel cell stack; the air cooler is connected between the exhaust port of the compressor and the humidifier; the air inlet of the compressor is connected with an air filter for purifying the air, and the purified air enters the compressor. A muffler is connected between the air filter and the air inlet of the compressor to eliminate the noise generated by the rapid flow of air. A sixth temperature sensor is installed at the output port of the compressor to detect the air temperature. The air compressor is controlled by the fuel cell controller. The sixth temperature sensor is installed at the outlet end of the air path system. The sixth temperature sensor detects the rise in air temperature and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the air compressor according to the temperature signal. When the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor to heat the air. When the air temperature reaches the preset temperature, the fuel cell stack is started.

[0064] Embodiment 2:

[0065] A cold start control method for a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell adopts the fuel cell of embodiment 1, and the fuel cell includes a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen path system, a cooling circuit system and an air path system, and is characterized in that a temperature detection unit and an electric heating unit are respectively installed in the hydrogen path system and the cooling circuit system, the temperature detection unit detects the temperature rise of the hydrogen path system and the cooling circuit system and sends the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller, when the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating unit installed on the hydrogen path system and the cooling circuit system to energize and heat, and the fuel cell is started only after the temperature of the hydrogen path system and the cooling circuit system reaches a predetermined temperature.

[0066] The hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, hydrogen return pump and purge valve in the above-mentioned hydrogen path system are respectively equipped with temperature detection units and electric heating units. The fuel cell controller monitors the temperature changes of the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, hydrogen return pump and purge valve. When the temperature is too low, the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating units installed on the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, hydrogen return pump and purge valve to energize and heat until the predetermined temperature is reached before starting the fuel cell.

[0067] The air path system described above includes an air compressor, which is controlled by a fuel cell controller. A sixth temperature sensor is installed at the outlet end of the air path system. The sixth temperature sensor detects the rise in air temperature and sends a temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the air compressor according to the temperature signal. When the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor to heat the air until the air temperature reaches a predetermined temperature and then starts the fuel cell.

[0068] The heating rates of the hydrogen circuit system, cooling circuit system and air circuit system are close to avoid unequal heating time of each part and excessive waiting time.

[0069] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention are all equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell cold start system, comprising a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell controller, a hydrogen circuit system, a cooling circuit system and an air circuit system, wherein a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of electric heating units are installed in the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system, wherein the temperature sensors detect the temperature rise of the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system and send the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller, and the fuel cell controller controls the electric heating units installed in the hydrogen circuit system and the cooling circuit system to turn on and off according to the temperature signal; The components in the hydrogen gas path system include a hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, a hydrogen return pump and a purge valve, the several temperature sensors include a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a third temperature sensor, the electric heating unit includes a first electric heating plate, a second electric heating plate and a third electric heating plate, the first temperature sensor and the first electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold, the second temperature sensor and the second electric heating plate are installed on the hydrogen return pump, and the third temperature sensor and the third electric heating plate are installed on the purge valve; characterized in that : The hydrogen inlet integrated manifold includes a manifold, a first electric heating plate is installed at the bottom of the manifold for low-temperature startup heating, and a first temperature sensor is installed at the top to detect the temperature in real time; A second electric heating plate is installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump for low-temperature startup heating; a second temperature sensor is also installed at the bottom of the hydrogen return pump to detect the temperature of the hydrogen return pump in real time; The third electric heating plate is installed on both sides and the bottom of the purge valve for low-temperature start-up heating; The cooling circuit system cools down the battery stack, and the cooling circuit system includes a cooling pipe, a water pump, a radiator and a thermostatic three-way valve passing through the battery reactor. The electric heating unit also includes an electric heater, which is installed on the cooling pipe to heat the coolant. A coolant replenishing circuit is connected between the first water outlet of the cooling pipe and the first water inlet of the cooling pipe. A fourth temperature sensor is provided at the first water inlet of the cooling pipe, and a fifth temperature sensor is provided at the first water outlet of the cooling pipe. The fourth temperature sensor and the fifth temperature sensor transmit the detected coolant temperature data to the fuel cell system controller, and the fuel cell system controller controls the operation of the thermostatic three-way valve, the water pump and the electric heater. The air circuit system includes an air compressor, which includes a motor, a motor controller, a transmission and a compressor, and is used to inhale and compress air; an air cooler, which is used to cool the compressed air; The air compressor is controlled by the fuel cell controller. A sixth temperature sensor is installed at the outlet end of the air path system. The sixth temperature sensor detects the rise in air temperature and sends a temperature signal to the fuel cell controller. The fuel cell controller controls the air compressor according to the temperature signal. When the output air temperature is low, the fuel cell controller controls the air compressor to heat the air.

2. A fuel cell cold start system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet integrated manifold includes a manifold, a shut-off valve, a proportional regulating valve, a pressure sensor and a pressure relief valve; wherein the shut-off valve is used to control the on-off of the hydrogen inlet; the proportional regulating valve is used to control the pressure of the hydrogen circuit; the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the hydrogen circuit; the pressure relief valve is used to protect the fuel cell stack from being damaged by high pressure; the manifold integrates the shut-off valve, the proportional regulating valve, the pressure sensor and the pressure relief valve in one; the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature rise of the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold and send the temperature signal to the fuel cell controller, and the fuel cell controller controls the on-off of the first electric heating plate installed on the hydrogen inlet integrated manifold according to the temperature signal.

3. A fuel cell cold start system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multiple channels inside the manifold are connected and installed with stop valves, proportional control valves, pressure sensors, and pressure relief valves to switch on and off, regulate, monitor pressure, and provide safety protection for hydrogen at the inlet, thereby controlling the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack inlet.

4. A fuel cell cold start system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen return pump is connected to the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and re-pressurizes the unreacted hydrogen at the hydrogen outlet and returns it to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

5. A fuel cell cold start system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A third temperature sensor is installed on the side of the purge valve to detect the temperature of the purge valve in real time.

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