A movable graphite electrode electric heater

Abstract

The invention relates to a movable graphite electrode electric heater, comprising a base, a heating box, an upper mounting fixture for placing graphite electrodes, an upper electrode connected copper bar, a lower electrode connected copper bar, and a controller for controlling power on and off and current and voltage; a roller is fixed at the lower end of the base; the heating box is fixed on the base; the upper mounting fixture comprises an isolation support plate, a bent arm clamp and a clamping block; at least one isolation support plate is vertically fixed inside the heating box, and the clamping block is hinged at the end of the long arm of the bent arm clamp; the upper electrode connected copper bar is fixed at the middle of the upper end; the lower electrode connected copper bar is fixed at the bottom of the heating box and corresponds to the upper electrode connected copper bar; the controller input end is connected to an external power supply, and the controller output end is electrically connected to the upper electrode connected copper bar and the lower electrode connected copper bar; the invention has reasonable structural design, is easy to move, can automatically control the heating process, and has a fast heating speed, so that the production efficiency of the electrolytic furnace is increased by an average of 8-15%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a movable graphite electrode electric heater. Background Art

[0002] Electrolytic furnaces, especially those used for electrolysis of rare earth oxides to produce rare earth metals, have graphite electrode consumption during the operation of the electrolytic furnace. When the consumption reaches a certain thickness, the old electrode needs to be removed and replaced with a new anode. The entire replacement process is performed without stopping the furnace. Since the new anode is replaced at room temperature, the entire furnace temperature will drop by about 45°C. Taking the electrolytic production of praseodymium and neodymium rare earth metals as an example, the electrolysis process temperature is best at 1053°C + 30°C. If the furnace temperature is close to the lower limit of 1023°C before replacing the graphite electrode anode, the furnace temperature drops to about 978°C after replacing the new graphite electrode anode, which is lower than the normal electrolysis temperature. The electrolytic furnace condition is greatly affected. Sometimes the electrolytic current cannot be added, the electrolytic reaction slows down, and the heat released by the electrolytic reaction is less than the heat released by the electrolytic furnace to the outside world, causing the furnace temperature to continue to drop, the furnace condition to deteriorate, the electrolyte to thicken, and the electrolytic reaction to terminate.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a movable graphite electrode electric heater with a reasonable structural design that can preheat the graphite electrode in advance, increase the installation temperature of the graphite electrode, and thus ensure the furnace temperature to overcome the above difficulties. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a movable graphite electrode electric heater with a reasonable structural design, which can preheat the graphite electrode in advance, increase the installation temperature of the graphite electrode, and thus ensure the furnace temperature.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a movable graphite electrode electric heater, comprising a base, a heating box, an upper mounting fixture for placing the graphite electrode, an upper electrode connected to a copper bar, a lower electrode connected to a copper bar, and a controller for controlling the on and off of the power supply and the current and voltage;

[0006] A roller is fixed at the lower end of the base;

[0007] The heating box is fixed on the base;

[0008] The upper mounting fixture includes an isolation support plate, a bent arm clamp and a clamping block; at least one of the isolation support plates is vertically fixed inside the heating box, the bent arm clamp is L-shaped, the clamping block is hinged at the end of the long arm of the bent arm clamp, and the ends of every two short arms of the bent arm clamp are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the isolation support plate;

[0009] The upper electrode connecting copper bar is fixed to the middle of the upper end of the space formed by the bent arm clamp and the isolation support plate;

[0010] The lower electrode connecting copper bar is fixed at the bottom of the heating box and corresponds to the upper electrode connecting copper bar;

[0011] The controller input end is connected to an external power source, and the controller output end is electrically connected to the upper electrode connecting copper busbar and the lower electrode connecting copper busbar.

[0012] The present invention uses an upper mounting fixture to clamp the graphite electrode between the upper electrode connecting copper bar and the lower electrode connecting copper bar to realize the electrification of the graphite electrode. The controller controls the voltage and current to convert the voltage of 380V into a low voltage of 0-24V and a current of 0-3000A. The resistance of the graphite anode itself is used to add a low voltage alternating current of 0-24V to both ends of the anode. After electrification, the anode heats up, and the temperature of the anode is increased to achieve the effect of heating the anode. The present invention heats the graphite electrode to above 800°C within 2-8 minutes. In this way, when a new graphite electrode is replaced on the electrolytic furnace, it will not cause a large fluctuation in the furnace temperature. In particular, when two new graphite electrodes are replaced at the same electrolytic furnace at the same time, it is more beneficial to maintain the normal furnace condition.

[0013] The invention has a simple structure, reduces equipment investment, saves energy, does not affect the condition of the electrolytic furnace, increases the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolytic furnace, increases the effective electrolysis time of the electrolytic furnace, and improves the production efficiency by 8-15% on average.

[0014] Furthermore, the heating box includes an outer frame, a heat-insulating layer and a fire-resistant layer;

[0015] The outer frame is fixed on the base;

[0016] The heat-insulating layer is arranged between the outer frame and the fire-resistant layer, and the lower electrode connecting copper bar is fixed on the fire-resistant layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the refractory layer is a carbon steel lined refractory material with a thickness of 1-15 cm.

[0018] The present invention adopts the above technical solution to provide a stable spatial structure through the outer frame of the heating box. The refractory layer can effectively prevent the heating of the graphite electrode from burning the heating box structure. The insulation layer can ensure the internal temperature of the heating box, prevent heat loss, and ensure the temperature of the graphite electrode.

[0019] Furthermore, the controller includes a power switch, a transformer, a voltage controller, a current controller, a temperature sensor, a display screen and a single-chip microcomputer;

[0020] The power switch input terminal is electrically connected to an external power supply;

[0021] The output end of the power switch is electrically connected to the input end of the transformer;

[0022] The transformer output end is connected in parallel with the voltage controller and in series with the current controller; the output ends of the voltage controller and the current controller are electrically connected to the upper electrode connecting copper busbar, and the upper electrode connecting copper busbar is electrically connected to the graphite electrode;

[0023] The temperature sensor is arranged on the graphite electrode;

[0024] The single chip microcomputer is communicatively connected with the power switch, the voltage controller, the current controller, the temperature sensor and the display screen respectively.

[0025] The present invention adopts the above technical solution to control the voltage controller and the current controller through the single chip microcomputer. The single chip microcomputer adjusts the voltage and current according to the heating demand to reach the corresponding heating time and temperature. When the corresponding temperature is reached, the temperature sensor is used to measure the graphite electrode temperature, and then the single chip microcomputer is used to control the power switch to disconnect and stop heating. The automation degree is higher and the heating is safer.

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes a handle, which is fixed to one end of the base, and the display screen and the single-chip microcomputer are fixed on the handle.

[0027] The present invention adopts the above technical solution to facilitate the movement of the base and the entire heater through the handle, so as to facilitate the replacement of the graphite electrode; and the display screen and the single-chip microcomputer are fixed on the handle to facilitate the control and viewing of the heating process.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes a feed port for placing electrodes, and the feed port corresponds to the direction of the clamping block of the bent arm clamp;

[0029] The feed inlet is a baffle plate opened on the wall of the heating box and rotatably connected via a rotating shaft, a fixed block for locking the baffle plate is fixedly connected to one end of the baffle plate away from the rotating shaft, a locking block corresponding to the fixed block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the heating box, a clamping rod is slidably inserted on the locking block, a clamping socket corresponding to the clamping rod is provided on the fixed block, and a limiting block is fixedly connected to one end of the clamping rod away from the fixed block.

[0030] The present invention adopts the above technical solution to make it easier to put the graphite electrode into and take it out of the heating box, making it more convenient to use.

[0031] Furthermore, it also includes a protective cover, which is hinged to an outer wall at the top of the heating box, and the protective cover is made of a steel wire mesh with a pore size of 0.5mm*0.5mm.

[0032] The present invention adopts the above technical solution to add a protective cover on the heating box, so as to prevent the graphite electrode and the inside of the heating box from being accidentally touched and burned, or the graphite electrode may explode during heating, resulting in safety accidents.

[0033] Furthermore, the roller includes two universal wheels arranged on the same side and two fixed wheels arranged on the same side, and the fixed wheels are provided with locking devices.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] The invention has a reasonable structural design, and the graphite electrode is convenient to place and take out, and the whole heating device is convenient to move, so it is convenient to replace the graphite electrode.

[0036] The invention has a high degree of automation, can automatically control the heating process, has a fast heating speed, a heating time of 2-8 minutes, a simple structure, reduces equipment investment, saves energy, does not affect the condition of the electrolytic furnace, increases the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolytic furnace, increases the effective electrolysis time of the electrolytic furnace, and improves the production efficiency by an average of 8-15%.

[0037] The invention has a high safety factor, will not cause safety problems, and is more reliable to use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the overall heating box of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the heating box of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the controller of the present invention;

[0043] Among them, in the figure: 1 is a base, 11 is a roller, 2 is a heating box, 21 is an outer frame, 22 is an insulation layer, 23 is a fire-resistant layer, 3 is an upper mounting fixture, 31 is a support plate, 32 is a bent arm clamp, 33 is a clamping block, 4 is an upper electrode connecting copper bus, 5 is a lower electrode connecting copper bus, 6 is a controller, 61 is a power switch, 62 is a transformer, 63 is a voltage controller, 64 is a current controller, 65 is a temperature sensor, 66 is a display screen, 67 is a single-chip microcomputer, 71 is a rotating shaft, 72 is a baffle, 8 is a protective cover, 9 is a handle, 12 is a locking block, 13 is a clamping rod, and 14 is a limit block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown: a movable graphite electrode electric heater, comprising a base 1, a heating box 2, an upper mounting fixture 3 for placing the graphite electrode, an upper electrode connected copper bar 4, a lower electrode connected copper bar 5, and a controller 6 for controlling the power on and off and the current and voltage;

[0046] A roller 11 is fixed to the lower end of the base 1;

[0047] The heating box 2 is fixed on the base 1;

[0048] The upper mounting fixture 3 includes an isolation support plate 31, a bent arm clamp 32 and a clamping block 33; at least one isolation support plate 31 is vertically fixed inside the heating box 2, the bent arm clamp 32 is L-shaped, the clamping block 33 is hinged at the end of the long arm of the bent arm clamp 32, and the ends of the short arms of every two bent arm clamps 32 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the isolation support plate 31;

[0049] The upper electrode connecting copper bar 4 is fixed to the middle of the upper end of the space formed by the bent arm clamp 32 and the isolation support plate 31;

[0050] The lower electrode connecting copper bar 5 is fixed to the bottom of the heating box 2 and corresponds to the upper electrode connecting copper bar 4;

[0051] The input end of the controller 6 is connected to an external power source, and the output end of the controller 6 is electrically connected to the upper electrode connecting copper bus 4 and the lower electrode connecting copper bus 5 .

[0052] In this embodiment, the upper mounting fixture 3 is used to clamp the graphite electrode between the upper electrode connection copper bar 4 and the lower electrode connection copper bar 5 to realize the power-on of the graphite electrode. The controller 6 controls the voltage and current to change the voltage of 380V into a low voltage of 0-24V and a current of 0-3000A. The resistance of the graphite anode itself is used to add a low voltage alternating current of 0-24V to both ends of the anode. After power-on, the anode heats up, and the temperature of the anode is increased to achieve the effect of heating the anode. The present invention heats the graphite electrode to above 800°C within 2-8 minutes. In this way, when a new graphite electrode is replaced on the electrolytic furnace, it will not cause a large fluctuation in the furnace temperature. In particular, when two new graphite electrodes are replaced at the same electrolytic furnace at the same time, it is more beneficial to maintain the normal furnace condition.

[0053] This embodiment has a simple structure, reduces equipment investment, saves energy, does not affect the condition of the electrolytic furnace, increases the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolytic furnace, increases the effective electrolysis time of the electrolytic furnace, and improves the production efficiency by an average of 8-15%.

[0054] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the heating box 2 includes an outer frame 21, a heat-insulating layer 22 and a fire-resistant layer 23;

[0055] The outer frame 21 is fixed on the base 1;

[0056] The heat-insulating layer 22 is disposed between the outer frame 21 and the fire-resistant layer 23 , and the lower electrode connecting copper bar 5 is fixed on the fire-resistant layer 23 .

[0057] In this embodiment, the refractory layer 23 is a carbon steel lined refractory material with a thickness of 8 cm.

[0058] In other embodiments, the refractory layer 23 is a carbon steel lined refractory material with a thickness of 1-15 cm.

[0059] The above technical solution adopted in this embodiment can provide a stable spatial structure through the outer frame 21 of the heating box 2. The refractory layer 23 can effectively prevent the heating of the graphite electrode from burning the structure of the heating box 2. The thermal insulation layer 22 can ensure the internal temperature of the heating box 2, prevent heat loss, and ensure the temperature of the graphite electrode.

[0060] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the controller 6 includes a power switch 61, a transformer 62, a voltage controller 63, a current controller 64, a temperature sensor 65, a display screen 66 and a single chip computer 67;

[0061] The input end of the power switch 61 is electrically connected to an external power source;

[0062] The output end of the power switch 61 is electrically connected to the input end of the transformer 62;

[0063] The output end of the transformer 62 is connected in parallel with the voltage controller 63 and in series with the current controller 64; the output ends of the voltage controller 63 and the current controller 64 are electrically connected to the upper electrode connecting copper bar 4, and the upper electrode connecting copper bar 4 is electrically connected to the graphite electrode;

[0064] The temperature sensor 65 is arranged on the graphite electrode;

[0065] The single chip microcomputer 67 is communicatively connected to the power switch 61 , the voltage controller 63 , the current controller 64 , the temperature sensor 65 and the display screen 66 .

[0066] This embodiment adopts the above technical solution to control the voltage controller 63 and the current controller 64 through the single chip microcomputer 67. The single chip microcomputer 67 adjusts the voltage and current according to the heating requirements to reach the corresponding heating time and temperature. When the corresponding temperature is reached, the temperature sensor 65 measures the graphite electrode temperature, and then the single chip microcomputer 67 controls the power switch 61 to disconnect and stop heating. The automation is higher and the heating is safer.

[0067] The specific single-chip computer model 67 is the TMS370 general-purpose single-chip computer provided by Texas Instruments. The TMS370 series single-chip computer is an 8-bit CMOS single-chip computer with multiple storage modes and multiple peripheral interface modes, and is suitable for complex real-time control occasions.

[0068] In this embodiment, a handle 9 is further included. The handle 9 is fixed to one end of the base 1 , and a display screen 66 and a single-chip computer 67 are fixed to the handle 9 .

[0069] This embodiment adopts the above technical solution to facilitate the movement of the base 1 and the entire heater through the handle 9, which is convenient for the nearby replacement of the graphite electrode; and the display screen 66 and the single-chip computer 67 are fixed on the handle 9 to facilitate the control and viewing of the heating process.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, it also includes a feed port for placing electrodes, and the feed port corresponds to the direction of the clamping block 33 of the bent arm clamp 32;

[0071] The feed inlet is a baffle 72 opened on the wall of the heating box 2 and rotatably connected via a rotating shaft 71. The end of the baffle 72 away from the rotating shaft 71 is fixedly connected to a fixing block 73 for locking the baffle 72. A locking block 12 corresponding to the fixing block 73 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the heating box 2. A clamping rod 13 is slidably inserted on the locking block 12. A clamping socket corresponding to the clamping rod 13 is provided on the fixing block 73. The end of the clamping rod 13 away from the fixing block 73 is fixedly connected to a limiting block 14.

[0072] The above technical solution adopted in this embodiment can make it easier to put the graphite electrode into and take it out of the heating box 2, making it more convenient to use.

[0073] In this embodiment, a protective cover 8 is also included. The protective cover 8 is hinged to an outer wall at the top of the heating box 2. The protective cover 8 is made of a steel wire mesh with a pore size of 0.5mm*0.5mm.

[0074] This embodiment adopts the above technical solution to add a protective cover 8 to the heating box 2 to prevent the graphite electrode and the inside of the heating box 2 from being accidentally touched and burned, or the graphite electrode may explode during heating, causing safety accidents.

[0075] In this embodiment, the roller 11 includes two universal wheels arranged on the same side and two fixed wheels arranged on the same side, and a locking device is provided on the fixed wheels.

[0076] The structure of this embodiment is reasonably designed, the graphite electrode is easy to place and take out, and the entire heating device is easy to move, so it is easy to replace the graphite electrode;

[0077] This embodiment has a high degree of automation, can automatically control the heating process, and has a fast heating speed, a heating time of 5 minutes, a simple structure, reduced equipment investment, energy saving, no impact on the condition of the electrolytic furnace, increases the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolytic furnace, increases the effective electrolysis time of the electrolytic furnace, and increases the production efficiency by an average of 12%.

[0078] This embodiment has a high safety factor, will not cause safety problems, and is more reliable to use.

[0079] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A movable graphite electrode electric heater, characterized in that: include A base (1), a roller (11) being fixed at the lower end of the base (1); A heating box (2), wherein the heating box (2) is fixed on the base (1); An upper mounting fixture (3) for placing graphite electrodes, the upper mounting fixture (3) comprising an isolation support plate (31), a bent arm clamp (32) and a clamping block (33); at least one of the isolation support plates (31) is vertically fixed inside the heating box (2); the bent arm clamp (32) is L-shaped; the clamping block (33) is hinged at the end of the long arm of the bent arm clamp (32); the ends of the short arms of every two bent arm clamps (32) are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the isolation support plate (31); and the upper mounting fixture (3) further comprises a material inlet for placing electrodes, the material inlet being oriented in the direction of the clamping block (33) of the bent arm clamp (32). Correspondingly; the feed inlet is a baffle (72) opened on the wall of the heating box (2) and rotatably connected via a rotating shaft (71); one end of the baffle (72) away from the rotating shaft (71) is fixedly connected to a fixing block (73) for locking the baffle (72); a locking block (12) corresponding to the fixing block (73) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the heating box (2); a clamping rod (13) is slidably inserted on the locking block (12); a clamping port corresponding to the clamping rod (13) is provided on the fixing block (73); and one end of the clamping rod (13) away from the fixing block (73) is fixedly connected to a limiting block (14); An upper electrode connecting copper bar (4), wherein the upper electrode connecting copper bar (4) is fixed to the middle of the upper end of the space formed by the bent arm clamp (32) and the isolation support plate (31); A lower electrode connecting copper bar (5), the lower electrode connecting copper bar (5) is fixed to the bottom of the heating box (2) and corresponds to the upper electrode connecting copper bar (4); and a controller (6) for controlling the on / off of the power supply and the current and voltage, wherein the input end of the controller (6) is connected to an external power supply, and the output end of the controller (6) is electrically connected to the upper electrode connecting copper busbar (4) and the lower electrode connecting copper busbar (5); The upper mounting fixture (3) clamps the graphite electrode between the upper electrode connecting copper bar (4) and the lower electrode connecting copper bar (5), thereby achieving electrification of the graphite electrode.

2. A movable graphite electrode electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating box (2) comprises An outer frame (21), wherein the outer frame (21) is fixed on the base (1); A heat-insulating layer (22) and a fire-resistant layer (23), wherein the heat-insulating layer (22) is arranged between the outer frame (21) and the fire-resistant layer (23), and the lower electrode connecting copper bar (5) is fixed on the fire-resistant layer (23).

3. A movable graphite electrode electric heater according to claim 2, characterized in that: The refractory layer (23) is a carbon steel lined refractory material with a thickness of 1-15 cm.

4. A movable graphite electrode electric heater according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller (6) comprises A power switch (61), wherein an input end of the power switch (61) is electrically connected to an external power source; A transformer (62), wherein an output end of the power switch (61) is electrically connected to an input end of the transformer (62); A voltage controller (63) and a current controller (64); the output end of the transformer (62) is connected in parallel with the voltage controller (63) and in series with the current controller (64); the output ends of the voltage controller (63) and the current controller (64) are electrically connected to the upper electrode connecting copper busbar (4), and the upper electrode connecting copper busbar (4) is electrically connected to the graphite electrode; A temperature sensor (65), wherein the temperature sensor (65) is disposed on the graphite electrode; A display screen (66) and a single-chip microcomputer (67), wherein the single-chip microcomputer (67) is respectively communicatively connected with the power switch (61), the voltage controller (63), the current controller (64), the temperature sensor (65) and the display screen (66).

5. A movable graphite electrode electric heater according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also comprises a handle (9), wherein the handle (9) is fixed to one end of the base (1), and the display screen (66) and the single-chip computer (67) are fixed to the handle (9).

6. A movable graphite electrode electric heater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes a protective cover (8), which is hinged to an outer wall at the top of the heating box (2), and the protective cover (8) is made of a steel wire mesh with a pore size of 0.5mm*0.5mm.

7. A movable graphite electrode electric heater according to claim 6, characterized in that: The roller (11) comprises two universal wheels arranged on the same side and two fixed wheels arranged on the same side, and the fixed wheels are provided with locking devices.

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