A three-dimensional metamaterial

Abstract

The present invention discloses a three-dimensional metamaterial comprising a polyhedral structure composed of a plurality of periodically arranged conductive geometric units. Each conductive geometric unit of the polyhedral structure is provided with an electronic component, each including a conductive geometric structure electrically connected to the electronic component on the conductive geometric unit. This technical solution provides a metamaterial with a three-dimensional structure. By combining a metamaterial microstructure with electronic components and utilizing this newly designed three-dimensional metamaterial, the metamaterial exhibits excellent low-frequency wave absorption performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a metamaterial, in particular to a three-dimensional structure metamaterial. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology, the number of technologies and products using electromagnetic waves as a medium is increasing, and the impact of electromagnetic radiation on the environment is also increasing. Radio waves can disrupt airport environments, causing flights to be delayed. Mobile phones can often interfere with the operation of various precision electronic medical devices. Even ordinary computers radiate electromagnetic waves carrying information, which can be received and reproduced thousands of kilometers away, potentially leaking information related to national defense, politics, economy, and science. Therefore, controlling electromagnetic pollution and finding materials that can resist and weaken electromagnetic radiation—absorbers—has become a major topic in materials science. Absorbers also have a wide range of applications, including in the military, such as stealth aircraft and invisibility cloaks.

[0003] Absorbing materials are materials that absorb electromagnetic wave energy projected onto their surfaces. The basic conditions for a material to absorb electromagnetic waves are: (1) when electromagnetic waves are incident on the material, they can penetrate the material to the greatest extent possible, i.e., the material must have matching characteristics; and (2) the electromagnetic waves that enter the material can be rapidly and almost completely attenuated, i.e., the attenuation characteristics. One way to achieve the first condition is to use special boundary conditions, such as coating the surface of a high-conductivity or high-magnetic-permeability absorbing material with a medium whose conductivity and magnetic permeability are close to those of air, to maximize the incidence of electromagnetic waves. To achieve the second condition, the material must have high electromagnetic loss properties.

[0004] Existing absorbing metamaterials are composed of conductive geometric structures and substrate materials. By changing the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the conductive geometric structure, the absorbing material has made great progress in the absorption effect of electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies compared with ordinary absorbing materials. However, the frequency band with better absorption effect is usually very narrow.

[0005] Currently, no effective solutions have been proposed for the problems in related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the problems in the related art, the present invention proposes a three-dimensional structural metamaterial. By utilizing this newly designed three-dimensional structural metamaterial, it has low-frequency wave absorbing performance and the wave absorbing effect is relatively ideal.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional structured metamaterial is provided.

[0009] The three-dimensional structure metamaterial includes: a polyhedral structure composed of multiple conductive geometric units, the number of polyhedral structures is multiple and they are arranged periodically, and electronic components are provided on any conductive geometric unit of the polyhedral structure, the conductive geometric unit includes a conductive geometric structure, and the conductive geometric structure is electrically connected to the electronic components on the conductive geometric unit.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of polyhedral junctions are all cuboid structures.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of cuboid structures are stacked in sequence along a three-dimensional direction.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electronic component is disposed at each vertex of the conductive geometric unit, and the plurality of electronic components are electrically connected to the conductive geometric structure of the conductive geometric unit.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the conductive geometric unit further includes: a substrate, and the conductive geometric structure is arranged above the substrate.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the conductive geometric structures are arranged on the inner surfaces of the polyhedral structure, and the conductive geometric structures on each inner surface are the same.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a conductive geometric structure includes: a first metal wire extending along an edge of a conductive geometric unit, and the first metal wire is provided with a first gap, and the first gap is set at a position corresponding to the middle and the vertex of each edge of the conductive geometric unit; and a second metal wire extending along the middle of each edge of the conductive geometric unit toward the center of the conductive geometric unit, and a second gap is provided at the center of the conductive geometric unit.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second gap is larger than the first gap, and the length of the first metal wire is larger than the length of the second metal wire.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the width of the first metal line is equal to the width of the second metal line; or the width of the first metal line is unequal to the width of the second metal line.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal line is provided with an inclined edge at a vertex of the conductive geometric unit.

[0019] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The above technical solution of the present invention provides a metamaterial with a three-dimensional structure. By combining the metamaterial microstructure with electronic components and utilizing this newly designed three-dimensional structure metamaterial, it has low-frequency wave absorption performance and a relatively ideal wave absorption effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structured metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a conductive geometric unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the absorption rate of a three-dimensional structured metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a three-dimensional structured metamaterial is provided.

[0027] Combine Figure 1 As shown, the three-dimensional metamaterial according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises: a polyhedral structure 20 composed of a plurality of conductive geometric units 10. It should be understood that although Figure 1 Figure 2 shows a single polyhedral structure 20. However, in the three-dimensional metamaterial of the present invention, multiple polyhedral structures 20 are present, and these multiple polyhedral structures 20 are arranged periodically. Furthermore, electronic components 30 are provided on any conductive geometric unit 10 of the polyhedral structure 20. Furthermore, the conductive geometric unit 10 includes a conductive geometric structure 14, which is electrically connected to the electronic component 30 provided on the conductive geometric unit 10.

[0028] With the help of the above technical solution of the present invention, by combining the metamaterial microstructure with electronic components and utilizing this newly designed three-dimensional structure metamaterial, it has low-frequency wave absorbing performance and the wave absorbing effect is relatively ideal.

[0029] In order to better describe the embodiments of the present invention, a detailed description is given below through specific embodiments.

[0030] Continue to combine Figure 1As shown, the three-dimensional structure metamaterial of the present invention includes: a polyhedron structure 20 composed of a plurality of conductive geometric units 10 arranged in an arrangement, and an electronic component 30 is provided at the vertex of any side of the polyhedron structure 20, wherein the electronic component 30 can be a capacitor, a resistor, a diode, etc., so that the design of the three-dimensional structure absorbing metamaterial combines the impedance matching principle and the resistance, inductance and capacitance principles, and designs a polyhedron model, so that it has a very good absorbing effect and the weight is also relatively ideal. In addition, the specific structure of the polyhedron structure 20 can be selected according to actual needs. For example, the polyhedron structure 20 can be a tetrahedron, a hexahedron, an octahedron, a dodecahedron and other structures, and the present invention does not limit this. For the convenience of description, the following takes the polyhedron as an example and combines Figure 1-3 Provide a description.

[0031] In one embodiment, the polyhedral structure 20 composed of a plurality of conductive geometric units 10 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, so that the shape of the three-dimensional structure metamaterial adopts a rectangular parallelepiped structure. Among them, the multiple rectangular parallelepiped structures in the three-dimensional structure metamaterial are stacked in sequence along the three-dimensional direction. By arranging the three-dimensional structure in this rectangular manner, most of the space is air, so the overall weight is low and it has the advantage of low surface density. It should be understood that for the sake of clarity, Figure 1 Only four faces of the polyhedral structure 20 are shown.

[0032] In addition, combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the conductive geometric unit 10 also includes: a substrate 12, and a conductive geometric structure 14 is arranged above the substrate 12. The conductive geometric structure 14 is arranged on the inner surface of the polyhedron structure 20. Moreover, the conductive geometric structures 14 on each inner surface can be the same. The three-dimensional structure metamaterial adopts a design that combines a frequency selective surface (FSS) structure with an analog circuit, so the corresponding operating frequency can be adjusted according to actual application conditions. In addition, the conductive geometric unit 10 can be a composite of a base material composed of a prepreg and a conductive geometric structure 14. At the same time, the substrate 12 is composed of a prepreg with a high dielectric constant, and combined with a three-dimensional arrangement in a rectangular manner, the overall weight can be further reduced.

[0033] In addition, if Figure 2As shown, the conductive geometric unit 10 is rectangular, and the conductive geometric structure 14 disposed on the conductive geometric unit 10 includes a first metal line 142 extending along the edge of the conductive geometric unit 10 and having a first gap 144 disposed therein. The first gap 144 is disposed at positions corresponding to the middle and vertices of each edge of the conductive geometric unit 10. The conductive geometric structure 14 also includes a second metal line 146 extending along the middle of each edge of the conductive geometric unit 10 toward the center of the conductive geometric unit 10 and having a second gap 148 disposed therein.

[0034] Among them, the second gap 148 is larger than the first gap 144. In addition, the length of the first metal wire 142 is larger than the length of the second metal wire 146. At the same time, the width of the first metal wire 142 is equal to the width of the second metal wire 146. The first metal wire 142 is provided with an inclined edge 149 at the vertex of the conductive geometric unit 10. In addition, it can be understood that the geometric dimensions of the first metal wire 142, the second metal wire 146, the first gap 144 and the second gap 148 can be set according to actual needs. For example, in one embodiment, the width of the first metal wire 142 and the width of the second metal wire 146 may not be equal, and the present invention does not limit this. Therefore, the present invention combines the impedance matching principle and the RLC circuit principle, arranges the remaining material layers according to the requirements of controlling the input impedance, and adjusts the arrangement of the structure. This composite structure can achieve a relatively ideal wave absorption effect in the L band. As Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the electromagnetic wave in GHz; the vertical axis represents the s parameter in dB. Figure 3 From the curve of the s11 parameter shown in FIG, it can be seen that the absorption rate of the three-dimensional structure metamaterial of the present invention in the L band (1 GHz-2 GHz) is basically above 90%, and even reaches 99% in some frequency bands.

[0035] Also, see Figure 2 An electronic component 30 is disposed at each vertex of the conductive geometric unit 10, and each of the electronic components 30 is electrically connected to the conductive geometric structure 14 of the conductive geometric unit 10. In this embodiment, the electronic component 30 is electrically connected to the first metal wire 142 of the conductive geometric structure 14. Furthermore, it is understood that the placement of the electronic component 30 can be adjusted based on actual needs, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0036] Furthermore, it is understandable that Figure 1 、 Figure 2The shape of a microstructure of a conductive geometric unit is shown, but it should be understood in this field that the coefficients and shapes of the conductive geometric structure can be set according to actual needs. For example, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the conductive geometric structure is snowflake-shaped, cross-shaped, etc., and the present invention is not limited to this.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional metamaterial, characterized in that: A polyhedral structure comprising a plurality of conductive geometric units, wherein the polyhedral structures are multiple and arranged periodically, and an electronic component is provided on any conductive geometric unit of the polyhedral structure, wherein the conductive geometric unit includes a conductive geometric structure, and the conductive geometric structure is electrically connected to the electronic component on the conductive geometric unit; The conductive geometric unit further comprises: a substrate, the conductive geometric structure having portions disposed on an inner surface and an outer surface of the substrate respectively; the electronic components on the conductive geometric unit are disposed on the inner surface of the substrate, Wherein, the conductive geometric structure comprises: a first metal line extending along an edge of the conductive geometric unit, wherein the first metal line is provided with a first gap, wherein the first gap is provided at a position corresponding to a middle portion and a vertex of each edge of the conductive geometric unit; and The second metal line is configured as a vertical line segment extending from the middle of each edge of the conductive geometric unit to the center of the conductive geometric unit and perpendicular to each edge of the conductive geometric unit, and a second gap is provided at the center of the conductive geometric unit.

2. The three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple polyhedral knots are all rectangular parallelepiped structures.

3. The three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple cuboid structures are stacked in sequence along the three-dimensional direction.

4. The three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic components are respectively arranged at the vertices of the conductive geometric unit, and the multiple electronic components are electrically connected to the conductive geometric structure of the conductive geometric unit.

5. The three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive geometric structure is disposed over the substrate.

6. The three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conductive geometric structures are arranged on the inner surfaces of the polyhedral structure, and the conductive geometric structures on each inner surface are the same.

7. The three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second gap is larger than the first gap, and the length of the first metal line is larger than the length of the second metal line.

8. The three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the first metal line is equal to the width of the second metal line; or the width of the first metal line is unequal to the width of the second metal line.

9. The three-dimensional structure metamaterial according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal line is provided with an inclined edge at a vertex of the conductive geometric unit.

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