A lithium battery and a method for monitoring the charge and discharge state thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of lithium batteries, including shell and be set in charging circuit, lithium battery body, chip;Shell is equipped with positive and negative pole lug connected with charging circuit, chip is connected charging circuit and USB interface set on shell respectively, charging circuit connects lithium battery body, charging and discharging are carried out to lithium battery body by charging circuit.The method includes the steps of charge management, state monitoring step, data processing step.The present application accurately and without error records the environmental temperature of battery in each time charging and discharging process, battery internal temperature, charging and discharging current size, charging and discharging working time and the size of charging and discharging electric quantity;On the other hand, it realizes accurate and reliable judgment of the actual remaining battery capacity of lithium battery, namely, instant health state and actual remaining battery service life.The lithium battery is important to improve the use and efficiency of lithium battery, improve the convenience of use and further promote the development of lithium battery market.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy storage and utilization, and particularly relates to a lithium battery charge and discharge state monitoring method which can reliably read battery use records and instant battery health state and has reasonable structure design and wide application range. BACKGROUND

[0002] The lithium ion battery, which was successfully commercialized by Sony Corporation in the 1990s, is widely used in various mobile consumer electronic products such as smart phones, notebook computers and digital cameras due to its high energy density, high open-circuit voltage, large output power, low self-discharge rate and wide working temperature range. With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, in addition to traditional consumer electronic products, the application field of lithium ion batteries has gradually expanded to some emerging industries, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, intelligent robots, intelligent sound boxes, wearable devices, electric hand tools, electric bicycles, pure electric vehicles, large green energy storage power stations and aerospace equipment. Lithium ion batteries have become an indispensable energy storage and power supply system in modern society.

[0003] However, in the actual use process, serious consequences occur due to the fact that the user cannot accurately understand some important parameters of the lithium ion battery. There have been news reports of electric vehicles suddenly breaking down on the highway and causing accidents due to the fact that the battery management system of the electric vehicle cannot accurately predict the remaining capacity of the battery. The phenomenon of a mobile phone suddenly shutting down during use occurs due to the fact that the battery management system of the mobile phone cannot reliably determine the remaining capacity of the mobile phone battery. The user cannot reasonably and efficiently use the lithium battery due to the fact that the user cannot know the important parameters such as the use history of the lithium battery, the actual battery capacity, the actual remaining battery capacity, the instant battery health state and the actual remaining battery service life. Therefore, it is particularly important to accurately and reliably know the detailed use records of the lithium battery and accurately determine the actual remaining battery capacity, the instant health state and the actual remaining battery service life of the lithium battery.

[0004] For example, the battery of a smartphone is monitored and managed by a separate battery management system. This method avoids redesigning the lithium battery and simplifies the complexity of the internal circuit of the battery. However, this method makes the software algorithm of the battery management system on the smartphone side very complex, and cannot detect the self-discharge behavior of the battery in real time. Moreover, since the capacity and performance of the lithium battery will change with the working environment temperature, the number of charge and discharge, and the use time, etc., the battery management system on the smartphone side cannot accurately predict the remaining service life of the battery. According to the above analysis, the separate battery management system cannot accurately and reliably determine the important parameters such as the actual remaining battery capacity, the instant health status, and the actual remaining battery service life of the lithium battery.

[0005] Integrating the battery management system with the lithium battery may solve this problem. The Chinese patent CN109038708A discloses an intelligent lithium battery, which includes a plurality of intelligent lithium battery cells for controlling the battery pack, and an intelligent battery pack management module for managing and controlling the intelligent lithium battery cells. The intelligent management module in each intelligent lithium battery cell in this patent is only limited to independently charging and discharging the battery cell and monitoring the input and output voltage. The environmental temperature of the battery during each charging and discharging process, the internal temperature of the battery, the charging and discharging current, the charging and discharging capacity, the charging and discharging time, the health status of the battery, etc. cannot be monitored and managed. Moreover, this patent does not propose to set up a data processing center to calculate the important parameters such as the actual remaining battery capacity, the instant health status, and the actual remaining battery service life of the lithium battery. In addition, this patent does not set up a special data storage and reading device to read and use the above parameters, so that the user cannot effectively read the recorded data. How to intelligently integrate the battery management system with the lithium battery and accurately and reliably determine the important parameters such as the actual remaining battery capacity, the instant health status, and the actual remaining battery service life of the lithium battery has important practical application significance for improving the use and utilization efficiency of the lithium battery, improving the user's convenience, and further promoting the development of the lithium battery market. SUMMARY

[0006] To overcome the problem that the actual remaining battery capacity, the instant health status, and the actual remaining battery service life of the lithium battery cannot be accurately and reliably determined during the use of the existing lithium battery, the present application provides a new type of intelligent rechargeable lithium battery with a reasonable structure design, high reliability, and wide application range, and a charging and discharging state monitoring method thereof.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: a lithium battery, comprising: a shell and a charging circuit, a lithium battery body and a chip arranged in the shell; the shell is provided with positive and negative tabs connected with the charging circuit, the chip is connected with the charging circuit and a USB interface arranged on the shell respectively, the charging circuit is connected with the lithium battery body, and the charging and discharging of the lithium battery body through the charging circuit realizes the storage and release of electric energy.

[0008] The lithium battery body comprises a diaphragm, a positive electrode and a negative electrode.

[0009] The charging circuit comprises an adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit, an adjustable constant current circuit and a charging indication circuit.

[0010] The adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit and the adjustable constant current circuit comprise three branches connected in parallel between the positive and negative electrodes at the input end and the output end: the first branch comprises a resistance R3 and a transistor Q2 connected in parallel and connected with a controllable precision voltage stabilizing source TL431, the second branch is an adjustable resistance W1, and the third branch is a transistor Q3, an adjustable resistance W2 and a resistance R5 connected in sequence.

[0011] The charging indication circuit comprises: the input positive electrode is connected with the collector of a transistor Q2 through a resistance R1, the input positive electrode is connected with the emitter of a transistor Q1, the base of the transistor Q1 is connected with the collector of the transistor Q2 through a resistance R2, and the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected with the output positive electrode through a light emitting diode LED and a resistance R4.

[0012] An AC / DC circuit for converting 220V mains into direct current is further connected between the input end of the charging circuit and the positive and negative tabs, comprising: 220V mains is connected with a bridge rectifier circuit after being stepped down by an electric transformer T, capacitors C1, C2, C3 and C4 are connected in parallel between the bridge rectifier circuit and the output end, a three-terminal voltage stabilizer LM7805 is further connected between the capacitors C2 and C3, and the other end of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer LM7805 is grounded.

[0013] Further comprising an SD card or an LED display screen arranged on the shell, the SD card or the LED display screen is electrically connected with the chip (6); further comprising a digital temperature sensor (11) arranged in the shell for measuring the internal temperature of the lithium battery and a digital temperature sensor (12) arranged outside the shell for measuring the ambient temperature, the digital temperature sensor and the digital temperature sensor are electrically connected with the chip.

[0014] A charging and discharging state monitoring method of a lithium battery, comprising the following program execution steps:

[0015] The charging management step: when the external power supply is connected to the positive and negative poles of the smart lithium battery, the chip detects the power-on voltage in real time, and if it is mains power, the AC / DC circuit is controlled to output direct current to charge the battery; the chip detects the battery charging voltage in real time, and if the battery charging voltage U1 reaches the charging cutoff voltage U2, the constant current charging process is skipped and the constant voltage variable current charging process is directly performed, otherwise the constant current charging process is performed;

[0016] The state monitoring step: during the charging process, the chip detects whether the charging completion excitation signal sent by the smart charging management step is received in real time, saves the charging current I and charging time t detected in the smart charging management step, and records the digital temperature sensor, the lithium battery internal temperature data T returned by the digital temperature sensor in and the external environment temperature data T out ; until the charging completion excitation signal output instruction is received, the smart data processing step is started, and the data returned by the smart data processing step is saved until the smart data processing step ends;

[0017] The data processing step: after the excitation signal sent by the smart battery state monitoring step, the chip automatically starts the preset data processing and analysis, including: automatically updating the recorded charging times, recording the external environment temperature data T out , calculating the charging capacity by the charging current and the charging time, calculating the capacity reduction percentage of the battery by calculating the ratio of the charging capacity to the last charging capacity, judging the instant health status of the lithium battery according to the charging record data and the standard capacity of the battery at the time of factory shipment, recording the actual battery capacity, and predicting the actual remaining battery service life.

[0018] The constant current charging process includes: using a pre-set current I1 to charge the smart battery until the battery charging voltage U1 reaches the charging cutoff voltage U2.

[0019] The constant voltage variable current charging process includes: when the battery charging voltage U1 reaches the charging cutoff voltage U2, the charging voltage remains unchanged at U2, and the charging current I2 gradually decreases until the charging current reaches a preset value, the charging of the smart lithium battery is completed, and the charging completion excitation signal is output.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0021] The traditional separate management of lithium batteries and battery management systems is avoided, and the lithium battery and the battery management system are efficiently and intelligently integrated. An intelligent battery state monitoring step is newly added to accurately record the charging and discharging current, the charging and discharging time, the internal and external working temperature of the battery during the charging and discharging process, the charging and discharging times, and other parameters during each charging and discharging process of the lithium battery. An intelligent data processing step is newly added to perform in-depth data processing and analysis on each use of the lithium battery, accurately calculate the actual power size during the charging and discharging process of the battery, the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery, and accurately judge important parameters such as the actual remaining capacity of the battery, the real-time battery health status, and the actual remaining battery service life. A data storage SD card or a data LED display screen and an external data reading USB card slot are newly added to facilitate the battery user to timely understand important parameters such as the use history record of the lithium battery, the real-time health status of the battery, and the actual remaining battery service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the intelligent lithium battery;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the charging curve of the lithium battery;

[0024] Figure 3 is a flowchart of intelligent charging and discharging monitoring and data processing;

[0025] Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of changing the mains voltage into a direct current charging current;

[0026] Figure 5 is a charging circuit diagram;

[0027] Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of the processing chip;

[0028] Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of the power management of the intelligent processing chip;

[0029] Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of the current sampling of the intelligent processing chip;

[0030] Figure 9 is a connection circuit diagram of the charging completion reading of the intelligent processing chip;

[0031] Figure 10 is an SD card connection circuit diagram connected with the intelligent processing chip;

[0032] Figure 11 is a liquid crystal display screen connection circuit diagram connected with the intelligent processing chip;

[0033] In the figure: 1, lithium battery negative tab; 2, lithium battery positive tab; 3, lithium battery shell; 4, data storage SD card or data LED display screen; 5, external data reading USB interface; 6, smart chip; 7, charging circuit; 9, lithium battery separator; 8, lithium battery positive electrode; 10, lithium battery negative electrode; 11, internal digital temperature sensor; 12, external digital temperature sensor; 13, lithium battery body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the object and technical scheme of the present application more clear and explicit, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only for explanation but not for limiting the present application. If not specifically stated, the raw materials used in the examples are all the raw materials commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the examples are all the conventional methods in the art.

[0035] As shown in the figure, the present example discloses a smart lithium battery, specifically comprising: lithium battery negative tab 1 and positive tab 2, lithium battery shell 3, data storage SD card or data LED display screen 4, external data reading USB interface 5, lithium battery smart chip 6, charging circuit 7, lithium battery separator 9, lithium battery positive electrode 8 and lithium battery negative electrode 10, digital temperature sensor 11 and 12, and lithium battery body 13. Figure 1 The positive and negative tabs 1 and 2 are installed on the lithium battery shell 3 and connected with the internal positive and negative electrodes of the lithium battery, serving as the lead wire during charging and discharging of the lithium battery.

[0036] The lithium battery shell 3 is made of aluminum plastic film or stainless steel material, used for sealing and protecting the whole lithium battery.

[0037] The data storage SD card or data LED display screen 4 is installed on the lithium battery shell 3 and connected with the lithium battery smart chip 6. The data storage SD card or data LED display screen 4 is used for storing or displaying the data generated during charging and discharging, such as charging and discharging current, charging and discharging time, internal and external working temperature of the battery during charging and discharging, charging and discharging times, and important parameters such as the size of the battery during charging and discharging, the efficiency during charging and discharging, the actual battery remaining capacity, the real-time battery health status, and the actual remaining battery service life.

[0038]

[0039] ​The external data reading USB interface 5 is installed on the lithium battery shell 3 and connected with the lithium battery intelligent chip 6. The external data reading USB interface 5 is used to read the important parameters generated in the charging process, such as the charging and discharging current, the charging and discharging time, the internal and external working temperature of the battery during the charging and discharging process, the charging and discharging times, the power size during the charging and discharging process, the efficiency during the charging and discharging process, the actual remaining capacity of the battery, the real-time battery health status, and the actual remaining battery service life.

[0040] The lithium battery intelligent chip 6 is installed in the lithium battery and mainly used to execute the following program steps, including the steps of intelligent charging and discharging management, intelligent battery state monitoring, and intelligent data processing. The main function is to intelligently charge the lithium battery, to detect and record the use and working conditions of the lithium battery in real time, and to judge the health status of the lithium battery.

[0041] The material of the lithium battery separator 9 can be a polyethylene PE film or a polypropylene PP film, which is mainly used to separate the positive and negative electrodes 8 and 10 of the lithium battery to prevent internal short circuit of the battery.

[0042] The materials of the lithium battery positive electrode 8 and the lithium battery negative electrode 10 can be lithium cobaltate and graphite respectively, which mainly functions to ensure the lithium battery to provide normal voltage.

[0043] The main function of the digital temperature sensors 11 and 12 is to detect the external environmental temperature and the internal temperature of the battery when the battery is working, which provides factual support for judging the health status of the battery.

[0044] The main function of the step of intelligent charging and discharging management is to optimize the charging scheme of the lithium battery, to intelligently manage the charging mode according to the actual charging voltage and current, to prevent overcharging and undercharging of the lithium battery, to prevent short circuit of the lithium battery during the charging process, and to prevent excessive current.

[0045] The main function of the step of intelligent battery state detection is to monitor and detect the charging and discharging current, the charging and discharging time, the internal and external working temperature of the battery during the charging and discharging process, and the charging and discharging times, etc.

[0046] The main function of the step of intelligent data processing is to process and analyze the data output by the step of intelligent battery state detection, including calculating the power size during the charging and discharging process, the efficiency during the charging and discharging process, and judging the actual remaining capacity of the battery, the real-time battery health status, and the actual remaining battery service life, etc.

[0047] The data storage SD card or the data LED display screen 4 is used to store and display the data generated by the steps of intelligent battery state detection and intelligent data processing during the charging and discharging process.

[0048] Next, with the capacity size of 1000mAh, the intelligent lithium-ion battery with the charging cutoff voltage of U2 volts as an example, the STM32F103C8T6 microprocessor integrated with the intelligent charging management step and the charging battery state monitoring step as the intelligent data processing center to illustrate the working steps of the intelligent lithium-ion battery during charging. Among them, the charging curve of the intelligent lithium battery is as shown in Figure 2 , the working process of the intelligent charging management step, the lithium intelligent battery state monitoring step and the intelligent data processing step is as shown in Figure 3 .

[0049] The circuit diagram from the mains voltage to the direct current charging current is Figure 4 . The input end is connected with the mains power supply, N1 and N2 are the number of turns of the voltage transformer. The voltage-reduced circuit is connected with the bridge rectifier circuit, the purpose is to rectify the positive and negative alternating sine voltage into a single direction pulse voltage. The filter capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the bridge rectifier, the main function is to filter the pulse waveform after rectification into a small pulse waveform direct current voltage. The self-oscillation capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with C1, the main purpose is to further provide stable direct current voltage for LM7805. The three-terminal voltage regulator LM7805 is connected in parallel with the filter capacitors C3 and C4, the main purpose is to output high precision and good stability direct current output voltage. The specific structure of the AC / DC circuit for converting 220V mains into direct current includes: 220V mains is connected with the bridge rectifier circuit after being reduced by the voltage transformer T, the bridge rectifier circuit and the output end are connected in parallel with the filter capacitor C1, the self-oscillation capacitor C2, the filter capacitor C3 and the filter capacitor C4, the self-oscillation capacitor C2 and the filter capacitor C3 are further connected with the three-terminal voltage regulator LM7805, the other end of the three-terminal voltage regulator LM7805 is grounded.

[0050] Figure 5This is the charging circuit diagram. Q2, R3, TL431, and W1 form a precision adjustable voltage regulator circuit, regulated by the voltage of the battery being charged. Q3, W2, and R5 form an adjustable constant current circuit, sharing the charging current of the battery. Q1, R2, R1, LED, and R4 form a charging indicator circuit, indicating the charger's operating status. As the battery voltage gradually increases, the voltage of the voltage regulator circuit (Q2, R3, TL431, and W1) also gradually increases, causing the voltage across R1 to gradually decrease, eventually turning off Q1 and changing the LED's indicator light. The circuit structure specifically includes an adjustable voltage regulator circuit 71, an adjustable constant current circuit 72, and a charging indicator circuit 73. The adjustable voltage regulator circuit 71 and the adjustable constant current circuit 72 include three branches connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the input and output terminals: the first branch includes two ends of resistor R3 connected to the collector and base of transistor Q2 respectively; the base of transistor Q2 is grounded through a controllable precision voltage regulator TL431; the emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the adjustable resistor W1 and the emitter of transistor Q3 respectively; the other end of the adjustable resistor W1 is grounded; the base of transistor Q3 is grounded through the adjustable resistor W2 and resistor R5; and the collector of transistor Q3 is connected to the output terminal. The charging indicator circuit 73 includes: the positive terminal of the input terminal connected to the collector of transistor Q2 through resistor R1; the positive terminal of the input terminal connected to the emitter of transistor Q1; the base of transistor Q1 connected to the collector of transistor Q2 through resistor R2; and the collector of transistor Q1 connected to the positive terminal of the output terminal through a light-emitting diode LED and resistor R4.

[0051] The control circuit includes: the core processor uses an STM32F103C8T6 as the intelligent processing chip (e.g., Figure 6 As shown), the power management unit that powers the intelligent processing chip (such as...) Figure 7 As shown), the current sampling unit of the intelligent processing chip (such as...) Figure 8 As shown), the charging completion reading unit of the intelligent processing chip (such as...) Figure 9 As shown), the SD card storage unit connected to the intelligent processing chip (such as...) Figure 10 As shown), and the LCD1602 liquid crystal display unit connected to the intelligent processing chip (as shown). Figure 11 (As shown).

[0052] Figure 6 In the configuration, pin 1 of the intelligent processing chip is connected to a 3.3V power supply. A crystal oscillator Y1 is connected in parallel between pins 3 and 4. Pin 3 is grounded through capacitor C2, and pin 4 is grounded through capacitor C3. A crystal oscillator Y2 and resistor R2 are connected in parallel between pins 5 and 6. Pin 5 is grounded through capacitor C6, and pin 6 is grounded through capacitor C7. Pin 8 is grounded, and pin 9 is connected to a 3.3V power supply and then grounded through capacitor C8. Pin 11 (ADC1 signal) is connected to... Figure 8 The ADC1 signal (current sampling signal) is connected to pin 13 (PA3 signal).Figure 9 PA3 signal (charge completion reading signal) in the PA3 signal (charge completion reading signal) in the Figure 10 1, 2, 5, 7 pins of the SD card storage unit in the 1, 2, 5, 7 pins of the SD card storage unit in the Figure 11 4-6 pins of the LCD1602 liquid crystal display unit in the 4-6 pins of the LCD1602 liquid crystal display unit in the Pin 23 is grounded, pin 24 is connected to a 3.3V power supply, and a capacitor C10 is connected between pin 23 and pin 24. Pin 35 is grounded, pin 36 is connected to a 3.3V power supply, and a capacitor C5 is connected between pin 35 and pin 36.

[0053] Figure 7 In the 5-volt input voltage is adjusted to 3.3-volt stable output voltage for the processing chip STM32F103C8T6 by using the voltage regulator ASM1117. Among them, ASM1117 pin 3 is connected to the input 5V voltage, pin 1 is grounded, pin 2 and pin 4 are connected with the auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit includes capacitor C15, capacitor C16, LED indicator D4, resistor R6 and 3.3V voltage output terminal. The 3.3V voltage output terminal is connected with the 3.3V input terminal in the Figure 6

[0054] Figure 8 In the current sampling unit of the intelligent processing chip, terminal P2 passes through the slide resistor R4, connects the 3.3V power supply through the diode D1, connects the ground through the diode D2, and outputs the ADC1 signal to the pin 11 of the intelligent processing chip. Terminal P2 is also connected in series with the output terminal in the Figure 4 Figure 9 In the charge completion reading unit, the PA3 signal (charge completion reading signal) is connected to the terminal P4, and the terminal P4 is also connected in parallel with the output terminal in the Figure 4

[0055] When the external power supply is connected to the positive and negative poles of the intelligent lithium battery, the steps of intelligent charge management are executed, and the specific work flow is as follows: Figure 3 ​​​The intelligent charging management procedure is shown in the steps. First, the voltage is judged. If the power-on voltage is the mains, the mains is first converted from AC to DC. If U1 = U2, the battery skips the constant current charging process and directly enters the constant voltage variable current charging process. If U1 < U2, the battery is charged with a pre-set current I = I1 = 1C = 1A. It should be noted that, in general, the voltage of a lithium battery is generally less than the charging cutoff voltage U2 when it is in use or long-term storage. When the battery starts to charge with a constant current I1, the intelligent battery state monitoring procedure is triggered to work. The intelligent battery state monitoring procedure will be described in detail below. When the battery is charged with a constant current I1, the battery voltage is continuously detected. If the battery voltage U does not reach the charging cutoff voltage U2, the charging with I1 is continued. If the battery voltage reaches the charging cutoff voltage U2, as shown in the battery voltage curve in Figure 2 , the constant voltage variable current charging mode is started to continue charging the battery. In this charging process, the charging voltage U = U2 remains unchanged, and the charging current I = I2 gradually decreases until the charging current reaches the pre-set value I2 = I min = 0.1C = 100mA, as shown in the charging current curve in Figure 2 . In the constant voltage variable current I2 charging process, the charging current is continuously detected. If the charging current I2 > I min , the charging current continues to decrease and the intelligent lithium battery is continuously charged. If the charging current I2 = I min , the charging of the intelligent lithium battery is stopped. In addition to having normal charging functions, the intelligent chip 6 also has functions of detecting whether the battery is connected in reverse, overcharging and undercharging protection, preventing short circuit of the battery during charging, and indicating functions during charging and when charging is completed.

[0056] When the intelligent lithium battery is charged with a constant current I1, the intelligent battery state monitoring procedure is triggered. The intelligent battery state monitoring procedure flow is shown in Figure 3 .

[0057] After the intelligent battery state monitoring procedure is started, the data of the last record saved in the data register is first read.

[0058] The charging current I and the charging time t detected from the intelligent charging management step are saved during charging.

[0059] In addition, the temperature data T out and T in generated by the digital temperature sensors placed inside and outside the battery are also recorded.

[0060] In the data recording process, the chip (6) continuously detects whether the charging completion incentive signal issued by the intelligent charging management step is received. If the charging completion incentive signal issued by the intelligent charging management step is not received, the transmitted data is continuously recorded. If the charging completion incentive signal issued by the intelligent charging management step is received, the intelligent data processing step is started, and the data returned by the intelligent data processing step is saved. The main function of the intelligent data processing step will be explained in the following paragraph. After the intelligent battery state monitoring step saves all the data returned by the intelligent data processing step, the intelligent battery state monitoring step is automatically ended.

[0061] After receiving the incentive signal from the intelligent battery state monitoring step, the intelligent data processing step automatically starts the preset data processing and analysis algorithm. For example, the charging times of the lithium battery are automatically updated: n = n + 1, the battery operating environment temperature during charging is recorded, the charging capacity is calculated through the charging current and the charging time, the capacity reduction percentage of the battery is calculated by calculating the ratio of the charging capacity of this time to the charging capacity of the last time, etc. According to all the charging records and the standard capacity of the battery at the time of factory shipment, the instant health status (capacity remaining percentage) of the lithium battery, the actual battery capacity, and the predicted actual remaining battery service life, etc. are judged. The above parameters will be returned to the intelligent state monitoring step for storage. The above parameters can be read through the data storage SD card or the data LED display screen 4, and can also be read through the external data reading USB card slot 5. The above parameters provide the user with real and reliable battery parameters, greatly improving the user's use experience and improving the working efficiency of the intelligent lithium battery.

[0062] The above preferred embodiment is only a typical example of the present disclosure, and any equivalent changes and modifications made by adopting the same replacement or the idea of the present example are within the scope of the present patent.

Claims

1. A lithium battery, characterized in that, include: The outer casing (3) and the charging circuit (7), lithium battery body (13), and chip (6) are disposed therein; the outer casing (3) is provided with positive (1) and negative tab (2) connected to the charging circuit (7), the chip (6) is connected to the charging circuit (7) and the USB interface (5) disposed on the outer casing respectively, the charging circuit (7) is connected to the lithium battery body (13), and the lithium battery body (13) is charged and discharged through the charging circuit (7) to realize the storage and release of electrical energy; The charging circuit (7) includes: an adjustable voltage regulator circuit (71), an adjustable constant current circuit (72), and a charging indicator circuit (73); the adjustable voltage regulator circuit (71) and the adjustable constant current circuit (72) include: three branches connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the input and output terminals: the first branch includes a resistor R3 and a transistor Q2 connected in parallel and then connected to a controllable precision voltage regulator TL431; the second branch is an adjustable resistor W1; and the third branch is a transistor Q3, an adjustable resistor W2, and a resistor R5 connected in sequence; the charging indicator circuit (73) includes: the positive terminal of the input terminal is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2 through a resistor R1, and the positive terminal of the input terminal is connected to the transistor Q2. The emitter of Q1, the base of transistor Q1 is connected to the collector of transistor Q2 via resistor R2, and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of the output via LED and resistor R4; the charging circuit (7) is also connected between the input terminal and the positive and negative terminals to an AC / DC circuit for converting 220V mains power to DC power, including: 220V mains power is stepped down by transformer T and then connected to a bridge rectifier circuit, capacitors C1, C2, C3 and C4 are connected in parallel between the bridge rectifier circuit and the output terminal, and a three-terminal voltage regulator LM7805 is also connected between capacitors C2 and C3, with the other end of the three-terminal voltage regulator LM7805 grounded; It also includes an SD card or LED display screen disposed on the housing, the SD card or LED display screen being electrically connected to the chip (6); it also includes a digital temperature sensor (11) disposed inside the housing for measuring the internal temperature of the lithium battery and a digital temperature sensor (12) disposed outside the housing for measuring the ambient temperature, the digital temperature sensor (11) and the digital temperature sensor (12) being electrically connected to the chip (6).

2. A lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium battery body (13) includes a separator (9), a positive electrode (8), and a negative electrode (10).

3. A method for monitoring the charge and discharge state of a lithium battery, characterized in that, The method is implemented based on the lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-2, and includes the following program execution steps: The charging management steps are as follows: When the external power supply is connected to the positive tab (1) and negative tab (2) of the smart lithium battery, the chip (6) detects the power-on voltage in real time. If it is mains power, the AC / DC circuit is controlled to output DC power to charge the battery. The chip (6) detects the battery charging voltage in real time. If the battery charging voltage U1 reaches the charging cutoff voltage U2, the constant current charging process is skipped and the constant voltage variable current charging process is directly executed. Otherwise, the constant current charging process is executed. The constant current charging process includes: charging the smart battery with a preset current I1 until the battery charging voltage U1 reaches the charging cutoff voltage U2; the constant voltage variable current charging process includes: when the battery charging voltage U1 reaches the charging cutoff voltage U2, the charging voltage remains constant at U2, and the charging current I2 gradually decreases until the charging current reaches a preset value, thus completing the charging of the smart lithium battery and outputting a charging completion excitation signal. Status monitoring steps: During the charging process, the chip (6) detects in real time whether it receives the charging completion excitation signal issued by the intelligent charging management step, saves the charging current I and charging time t detected in the intelligent charging management step, and records the internal temperature data T of the lithium battery returned by the digital temperature sensor (11) and digital temperature sensor (12). in and external ambient temperature data T out The intelligent data processing step is initiated when a charging completion excitation signal is received, and the data returned by the intelligent data processing step is saved until the intelligent data processing step ends. Data processing steps: After the excitation signal is issued by the intelligent battery state monitoring step, the chip (6) automatically starts the preset data processing and analysis, including: automatically updating the recorded number of charging times and recording the external ambient temperature data T during charging. out The system calculates the charging capacity by using charging current and charging time, calculates the percentage reduction in battery capacity by comparing the current charging capacity with the previous charging capacity, determines the real-time health status of the lithium battery based on charging record data and the battery's standard capacity at the time of manufacture, records the actual battery capacity, and predicts the actual remaining battery life.

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