A method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses, belonging to the technical field of flower planting. The method comprises four steps: planting rose seedlings, drip irrigation of fertilizer, drip irrigation of water, and harvesting fresh cut flowers. Centimeter stone and coconut husk are used as substrates, and black and white film is used as ground film for planting. When harvesting fresh cut flowers, the flowers are harvested four times a year. The first harvest is pruned to retain the height of the first-level branches of 8 to 10 cm, the second harvest is pruned to retain the height of the second-level branches of 5 to 7 cm, and the third and fourth harvests are pruned to retain the height of the third-level branches of 1.9 to 2.1 cm. The method of the present invention is simple and reliable, and can increase the yield of fresh cut flowers per mu to 100,000 to 120,000 branches, increase the proportion of high-quality products to 25 to 30%, achieve significant economic benefits, increase land utilization rate by 20 to 30%, and achieve a fertilizer utilization rate of 65 to 70%, reaching the world's leading level and having good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of flower planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield soilless cultivation method for fresh cut roses. Background Art

[0002] Rose (Rosa hybridida), a woody plant of the genus Rosa in the Rosaceae family, is the world's largest cut flower variety. Fresh rose production has evolved from field cultivation to intensive, efficient production in facilities. While ensuring product quality, high yield is the ultimate goal pursued by producers worldwide.

[0003] Traditional ground planting uses a 90-100cm wide soil surface, a 60cm wide furrow, and a 60cm high soil surface. Fertilizer cannot be recycled after application, resulting in low land and fertilizer utilization rates. Quality and yield are difficult to guarantee. The yield of fresh cut flowers per mu ranges from 50,000 to 60,000 branches, with high-quality products (grades A and B) accounting for approximately 20-40%. Therefore, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies is a pressing issue in the field of flower cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a high-yield soilless cultivation method for fresh cut roses. The method can improve the yield and quality of fresh cut roses, increase the yield of fresh cut flowers per mu to 100,000-120,000 branches, increase the proportion of high-quality products (A and B grades) to 100,000-120,000 branches, and increase the proportion of high-quality products to 25-30%. The economic benefits are significant, the land utilization rate is increased by 20-30%, and the fertilizer utilization rate reaches 65-70%.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step (1), planting rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the base, a ground film is laid on the substrate and a drip irrigation tape is provided on the substrate, wherein the substrate is composed of centimeter stone and coconut husk from bottom to top; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the coconut husk is 29-31 cm;

[0008] After that, water was passed through the soil until the coconut coir was fully expanded, and then rose seedlings were planted on the substrate with a row spacing of 29-31 cm, a distance of 4.5-5.5 cm between the rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate, and a plant spacing of 12-15 cm.

[0009] The ground film is a black and white film, with the white side facing outwards;

[0010] Step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: Prepare a mother liquor with an EC value of 1.6 mS / cm, then dilute the mother liquor 100 times and drip it onto the roots of the roses until excess fertilizer solution flows out of the substrate. After that, continue drip irrigation for 14 - 16 minutes; during drip irrigation, keep the water pressure between 0.5 MPa and 1 MPa;

[0011] The ratio of the mother liquor is as follows: In every 10 kg of the mother liquor, there are 650 - 700 g of calcium nitrate, 80 - 90 g of potassium nitrate, 0.5 - 1 g of cobalamin, 250 - 320 g of potassium sulfate, 50 - 55 g of magnesium sulfate, 130 - 150 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 - 45 g of chelated iron with an iron content of ≥6.0%, 0.8 - 1.0 g of boric acid, 0.45 - 0.5 g of manganese sulfate, 1.2 - 1.3 g of zinc sulfate, 0.4 - 0.5 g of copper sulfate, and 0.1 - 0.12 g of ammonium molybdate;

[0012] Drip irrigation is carried out 3 - 4 times a day to ensure that the EC value in the substrate is controlled between 0.6 and 0.8 mS / cm;

[0013] Step (3), water drip irrigation: Drip water onto the roots of the roses. During drip irrigation, keep the water pressure between 0.8 and 1.5 MPa, and each drip irrigation lasts for 30 - 40 minutes, 3 - 4 times a day;

[0014] The time of water drip irrigation is more than 2 hours apart from the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigations;

[0015] Step (4), fresh cut flower harvesting: Harvest 4 times a year. For the first harvest, the pruning retains the height of the first - level branches at 8 - 10 cm. For the second harvest, the pruning retains the height of the second - level branches at 5 - 7 cm. For the third and fourth harvests, the pruning retains the height of the third - level branches at 1.9 - 2.1 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, preferably, the length of the bottom platform is 34 - 36 m, the height is 15 - 50 cm, and the surface of the bottom platform slopes towards one end along the length direction.

[0017] Furthermore, preferably, the inclination angle is 0.8° - 1.2°.

[0018] Furthermore, preferably, fertilizer and water return troughs are installed on both sides of the bottom platform.

[0019] Furthermore, preferably, there are two methods for placing the substrate: One is to place planting troughs on the bottom platform and fill the planting troughs with the substrate; the other is to directly place substrate strips on the bottom platform.

[0020] Furthermore, preferably, the length of the planting trough is 34 - 36 m, the width is 39 - 41 cm, and the height is 37 - 41 cm;

[0021] When the substrate is composed of multiple substrate strips, the total length is 34 - 36 meters, the width is 39 - 41 cm, and the height is 37 - 41 cm.

[0022] Furthermore, preferably, drainage holes are opened at the bottom of the planting trough, and the drainage holes are located at the end with the lowest position on the tabletop of the bottom platform;

[0023] A drip irrigation pipe network is provided on the planting trough;

[0024] At the end with the lowest position on the tabletop of the bottom platform of the fertilizer and water return trough, there is a return trough water outlet, and the return trough water outlet is connected to the water inlet of a multi-stage centrifugal pump through a pipeline. The water outlet of the multi-stage centrifugal pump is connected to the water inlet of an anti-flushing filter through a pipeline; the clean water outlet of the anti-flushing filter is connected to the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe network through a pipeline; the slag water outlet of the anti-flushing filter is connected to a slag water pool through a pipeline.

[0025] Furthermore, preferably, the depth of the fertilizer and water return trough is 1 - 1.5 cm.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] The present invention provides a method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses, which increases the yield per mu of fresh cut flowers to 100,000 - 120,000 branches, increases the proportion of high-quality products to 25 - 30%, has remarkable economic benefits, increases the land utilization rate by 20 - 30%, and the fertilizer utilization rate reaches 65 - 70%, reaching the world leading level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated water and fertilizer recycling system for the greenhouse for planting fresh roses of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic bottom view structure diagram of the planting trough;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic top view structure diagram of the connection between the bottom platform and the return trough;

[0032] Among them, the labels are: 1, bottom platform; 2, planting trough; 3, drainage hole; 4, return trough; 5, return trough water outlet; 6, multi-stage centrifugal pump; 7, drip irrigation pipe network; 8, anti-flushing filter; 9, slag water pool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0034] Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. For those without specific technical or conditions noted in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications are followed. For those materials or equipment without the manufacturer noted, they are all conventional products that can be obtained by purchase.

[0035] The present invention has no restrictions on the manufacturers of black and white films. The black and white films used in the embodiments are produced by Shandong Yide Plastics Co., Ltd., and can be purchased from the market or ordered from the manufacturer.

[0036] The present invention has no special restrictions on the particle size of the centimeter-sized stones, and preferably 20 mm.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] A method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses includes the following steps:

[0039] Step (1), rose seedling planting: Substrate is placed on the bottom platform, a plastic film is laid on the substrate and a drip irrigation pipe is provided on the substrate. The substrate from bottom to top is centimeter-sized stones and coconut coir in sequence. The thickness of the centimeter-sized stones is 8 - 9 cm, and the thickness of the coconut coir is 29 - 30 cm.

[0040] After that, after watering until the coconut coir is completely swollen, rose seedlings are planted on the substrate. The row spacing is 29 - 30 cm, the distance between the rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate is 4.5 - 5 cm, and the plant spacing is 12 - 13 cm.

[0041] The plastic film is a black and white film with the white side facing outwards.

[0042] Step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: Prepare a mother liquor with an EC value of 1.6 mS / cm, and then dilute the mother liquor 100 times and drip it to the roots of the roses until excess fertilizer water flows out of the substrate. After that, continue to drip irrigate for 14 minutes. When drip irrigating, keep the water pressure between 0.5 MPa and 0.8 MPa.

[0043] The ratio of the mother liquor is as follows: 650 g of calcium nitrate, 80 g of potassium nitrate, 0.5 g of cobalamin, 250 g of potassium sulfate, 50 g of magnesium sulfate, 130 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 g of chelated iron with an iron content of ≥6.0%, 0.8 g of boric acid, 0.45 g of manganese sulfate, 1.2 g of zinc sulfate, 0.4 g of copper sulfate, and 0.1 g of ammonium molybdate are contained in every 10 kg of the mother liquor.

[0044] Drip irrigate 3 times a day to ensure that the EC value in the substrate is controlled between 0.6 and 0.8 mS / cm.

[0045] Step (3), drip irrigation: drip water at the roots of the roses. When dripping, maintain the water pressure between 0.8 and 1.0 MPa. Drip irrigation lasts 30 minutes each time, 3 times a day.

[0046] The time interval between drip irrigation and two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigations should be more than 2 hours;

[0047] Step (4), harvesting of fresh cut flowers: harvest four times a year, the first time the cut flowers are pruned to retain the first-level branches at a height of 8 to 10 cm, the second time the cut flowers are pruned to retain the second-level branches at a height of 5 to 7 cm, and the third and fourth time the cut flowers are pruned to retain the third-level branches at a height of 1.9 to 2.1 cm.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] A method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses comprises the following steps:

[0050] Step (1), planting rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the base, a ground film is laid on the substrate and a drip irrigation tape is provided on the substrate, wherein the substrate is composed of centimeter stone and coconut husk from bottom to top; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 9-10 cm, and the thickness of the coconut husk is 30-31 cm;

[0051] After that, water is passed through the soil until the coconut coir is fully expanded, and then rose seedlings are planted on the substrate with a row spacing of 30-31 cm, a distance of 5-5.5 cm between the rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate, and a plant spacing of 14-15 cm.

[0052] The ground film is a black and white film, with the white side facing outwards;

[0053] Step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: prepare a mother solution with an EC value of 1.6mS / cm, then dilute the mother solution 100 times and drip irrigate it to the roots of the rose until excess fertilizer and water flow out of the substrate. After that, continue drip irrigation for 16 minutes; during drip irrigation, maintain the water pressure between 0.8MPa and 1MPa;

[0054] The mother liquor is prepared as follows: per 10 kg of the mother liquor, the mother liquor contains 700 g of calcium nitrate, 90 g of potassium nitrate, 1 g of cobalamin, 320 g of potassium sulfate, 55 g of magnesium sulfate, 150 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 45 g of chelated iron with an iron content of ≥6.0%, 1.0 g of boric acid, 0.5 g of manganese sulfate, 1.3 g of zinc sulfate, 0.5 g of copper sulfate, and 0.12 g of ammonium molybdate;

[0055] Drip irrigation was carried out 3 to 4 times a day to ensure that the EC value in the substrate was controlled between 0.6 and 0.8 mS / cm;

[0056] Step (3), drip irrigation: drip water at the roots of the roses. When dripping, maintain the water pressure between 1.2 and 1.5 MPa. Drip irrigation lasts 40 minutes each time, 4 times a day.

[0057] The time interval between drip irrigation and two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigations should be more than 2 hours;

[0058] Step (4), harvesting of fresh cut flowers: harvest four times a year, the first time the cut flowers are pruned to retain the first-level branches at a height of 8 to 10 cm, the second time the cut flowers are pruned to retain the second-level branches at a height of 5 to 7 cm, and the third and fourth time the cut flowers are pruned to retain the third-level branches at a height of 1.9 to 2.1 cm.

[0059] The base is 34 meters long, with a height of 50 centimeters at the highest end, and the base is tilted toward one end along the length direction at an angle of 1.2 degrees.

[0060] Fertilizer and water return troughs are installed on both sides of the base.

[0061] The matrix placement method is to directly place the matrix strips on the base platform.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] A method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses comprises the following steps:

[0064] Step (1), planting rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the base, a ground film is laid on the substrate, and a drip irrigation tape is provided on the substrate, wherein the substrate is composed of centimeter stone and coconut husk from bottom to top; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 8.5-9.5 cm, and the thickness of the coconut husk is 29.5-30.5 cm;

[0065] After that, water was passed through the soil until the coconut coir was fully expanded, and then rose seedlings were planted on the substrate with a row spacing of 29.5-30.5 cm, a distance of 4.8-5.2 cm between the rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate, and a plant spacing of 13-14 cm.

[0066] The ground film is a black and white film, with the white side facing outwards;

[0067] Step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: prepare a mother solution with an EC value of 1.6mS / cm, then dilute the mother solution 100 times and drip irrigate it to the roots of the rose until excess fertilizer and water flow out of the substrate. After that, continue drip irrigation for 15 minutes; during drip irrigation, maintain the water pressure between 0.7MPa and 0.8MPa;

[0068] The mother liquor is prepared as follows: per 10 kg of the mother liquor, the mother liquor contains 680 g of calcium nitrate, 85 g of potassium nitrate, 0.8 g of cobalamin, 280 g of potassium sulfate, 52 g of magnesium sulfate, 140 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 42 g of chelated iron with an iron content of ≥6.0%, 0.9 g of boric acid, 0.48 g of manganese sulfate, 1.25 g of zinc sulfate, 0.45 g of copper sulfate, and 0.11 g of ammonium molybdate;

[0069] Drip irrigation is carried out 3 times a day to ensure that the EC value in the substrate is controlled between 0.6 and 0.8 mS / cm;

[0070] Step (3), water drip irrigation: Water is dripped at the roots of the roses. During drip irrigation, the water pressure is maintained between 1 and 1.2 MPa, and each drip irrigation lasts for 35 minutes, 3 times a day;

[0071] The time of water drip irrigation is more than 2 hours apart from the time interval between two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigations;

[0072] Step (4), fresh cut flower harvesting: Harvest 4 times a year. For the first harvest, the pruning retains the height of the first-level branches at 8 - 10 cm. For the second harvest, the pruning retains the height of the second-level branches at 5 - 7 cm. For the third and fourth harvests, the pruning retains the third-level branches at 1.9 - 2.1 cm.

[0073] The length of the bottom platform is 36 m, the height of the highest end is 40 cm, and the surface of the bottom platform slopes towards one end along the length direction. The inclination angle is 0.8°.

[0074] Fertilizer and water return troughs are installed on both sides of the bottom platform.

[0075] The method of placing the substrate is to place the planting trough on the bottom platform and fill the planting trough with the substrate. Specifically, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, the integrated water and fertilizer recycling system for a rose fresh flower planting greenhouse includes a bottom platform 1 and a planting trough 2. The planting trough 2 is provided on the bottom platform 1, and the surface of the bottom platform 1 slopes towards one end along the length direction; a return trough 4 is installed around the surface of the bottom platform 1;

[0076] Drainage holes 3 are opened at the bottom of the planting trough 2, and the drainage holes 3 are located at the lowest end of the surface of the bottom platform 1;

[0077] A drip irrigation pipe network 7 is provided on the planting trough 2;

[0078] The return trough 4 is provided with a return trough water outlet 5 at the lowest end of the surface of the bottom platform 1. The return trough water outlet 5 is connected to the water inlet of a multi-stage centrifugal pump 6 through a pipeline. The water outlet of the multi-stage centrifugal pump 6 is connected to the water inlet of an anti-flush filter 8 through a pipeline; the clean water outlet of the anti-flush filter 8 is connected to the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe network 7 through a pipeline; the slag water outlet of the anti-flush filter 8 is connected to a slag water tank 9 through a pipeline.

[0079] Example 4

[0080] A method for high-yield soilless cultivation of rose fresh cut flowers includes the following steps:

[0081] Step (1), planting rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the base, a ground film is laid on the substrate and a drip irrigation tape is provided on the substrate, wherein the substrate is composed of centimeter stone and coconut husk from bottom to top; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the coconut husk is 29-31 cm;

[0082] After that, water is passed through the soil until the coconut coir is fully expanded, and then rose seedlings are planted on the substrate with a row spacing of 29-31 cm, a distance of 4.5-5.5 cm between the rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate, and a plant spacing of 12-15 cm.

[0083] The ground film is a black and white film, with the white side facing outwards;

[0084] Step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: prepare a mother solution with an EC value of 1.6mS / cm, then dilute the mother solution 100 times and drip irrigate it to the roots of the rose until excess fertilizer and water flow out of the substrate. After that, continue drip irrigation for 15 minutes; during drip irrigation, maintain the water pressure between 0.5MPa and 1MPa;

[0085] The mother liquor is prepared as follows: per 10 kg of the mother liquor, the mother liquor contains 660 g of calcium nitrate, 88 g of potassium nitrate, 0.8 g of cobalamin, 300 g of potassium sulfate, 53 g of magnesium sulfate, 135 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 42 g of chelated iron with an iron content of ≥6.0%, 0.9 g of boric acid, 0.46 g of manganese sulfate, 1.27 g of zinc sulfate, 0.42 g of copper sulfate, and 0.11 g of ammonium molybdate;

[0086] Drip irrigation was carried out three times a day to ensure that the EC value in the substrate was controlled between 0.6 and 0.8 mS / cm;

[0087] Step (3), drip irrigation: drip water at the roots of the roses. When dripping, maintain the water pressure between 0.8 and 1.5 MPa. Drip irrigation lasts 36 minutes each time, 4 times a day.

[0088] The time interval between drip irrigation and two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigations should be more than 2 hours;

[0089] Step (4), harvesting of fresh cut flowers: harvest four times a year, the first time the cut flowers are pruned to retain the first-level branches at a height of 8 to 10 cm, the second time the cut flowers are pruned to retain the second-level branches at a height of 5 to 7 cm, and the third and fourth time the cut flowers are pruned to retain the third-level branches at a height of 1.9 to 2.1 cm.

[0090] The base is 35 meters long, with a height of 50 centimeters at the highest end, and the base is tilted toward one end along the length direction at an angle of 1°.

[0091] Fertilizer and water return troughs are installed on both sides of the base.

[0092] The method of placing the substrate is to place the planting trough on the base and fill the substrate in the planting trough. Figures 1 to 3As shown in the figure, a water and fertilizer integrated recycling system for a greenhouse for planting fresh rose flowers includes a base table 1 and a planting trough 2. The planting trough 2 is arranged on the base table 1, and the tabletop of the base table 1 is inclined towards one end along the length direction; a return trough 4 is installed around the tabletop of the base table 1;

[0093] Drain holes 3 are opened at the bottom of the planting trough 2, and the drain holes 3 are located at the end with the lowest position on the tabletop of the base table 1;

[0094] A drip irrigation pipe network 7 is arranged on the planting trough 2;

[0095] The return trough 4 is provided with a return trough water outlet 5 at the end with the lowest position on the tabletop of the base table 1. The return trough water outlet 5 is connected to the water inlet of a multi-stage centrifugal pump 6 through a pipeline. The water outlet of the multi-stage centrifugal pump 6 is connected to the water inlet of an anti-flushing filter 8 through a pipeline; the clear water outlet of the anti-flushing filter 8 is connected to the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe network 7 through a pipeline; the slag water outlet of the anti-flushing filter 8 is connected to a slag water tank 9 through a pipeline.

[0096] Generally, the planting trough 2 contains a substrate for planting roses. After planting, the drip irrigation pipe network 7 drips water and fertilizer onto the substrate. The excess water and fertilizer either flow into the return trough 4 from the upper edge of the planting trough 2 or flow into the return trough 4 from the drain holes 3. Then, it enters the multi-stage centrifugal pump 6 through the return trough water outlet 5. The liquid obtained by centrifugation enters the anti-flushing filter 8 for separation. The clear water part contains water and fertilizer and re-enters the drip irrigation pipe network 7 for reuse, while the slag water part enters the slag water tank 9 for further treatment and then is discharged.

[0097] Those skilled in the art generally know that the base table 1 and the planting trough 2 of the present invention can be one or multiple. That is, 1 planting trough 2 is placed on each base table 1, or multiple planting troughs 2 are placed on each base table 1. The present invention does not make specific restrictions on this, and these deformations are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0098] Application examples

[0099] 1. Method for building the planting trough:

[0100] 1.1 The length of the planting trough is 35 meters, the width is 40 cm, and the height is 40 cm. First, build a base table with a length of 35 meters under the planting trough. The height of the base table is 15 - 50 cm. Place a support crossbar every about 2 meters, and then place asbestos tiles or flat plates on the crossbar as the tabletop of the base table. The tabletop of the base table is inclined by 1° along the 35-meter length direction, and the height difference is 35 cm. A fertilizer and water collection port is left at the 15-cm high end of the planting trough to ensure the recycling of water and fertilizer.

[0101] 1.2 Substrate placement: First, lay 8 - 10 cm thick common stones at the bottom of the planting trough to ensure smooth drainage; place 30 cm thick coconut coir on top of the common stones. After laying, set up the drip irrigation pipeline and let water flow through until the coconut coir is completely swollen.

[0102] 1.3 Laying plastic film: The plastic film is black and white, with a laying width of 40 cm, which should be able to completely cover the substrate. This film can effectively prevent the generation of green algae. The white side reflects light and the black side blocks light, playing a good role in maintaining moisture, air humidity and reducing the occurrence of diseases.

[0103] 1.4 Planting rose seedlings, two rows of roses are planted in each planting groove, with a row spacing of 30 cm, the seedlings are 5 cm away from the edge of the groove, and the plant spacing is between 12 and 15 cm.

[0104] 2. Fertigation method:

[0105] 2.1 Prepare the mother liquor with an EC value of 1.6, enter the drip irrigation tape through the solenoid valve, keep the water pressure between 0.5 and 1 Mpa, and slowly drip irrigate at the roots of the roses until there is excess fertilizer and water flowing out from the lower end of the planting groove, and then continuously maintain drip irrigation penetration for 15 minutes.

[0106] 2.2 Drip irrigate 3 to 4 times a day to ensure that the EC value in the substrate is controlled between 0.6 and 0.8.

[0107] 2.3 After drip irrigation, clean water can be introduced for water replenishment after an interval of more than 2 hours. The water replenishment water pressure is controlled between 0.8 and 1.5 Mpa, and the duration is 30 to 40 minutes, 3 to 4 times a day.

[0108] 3. Branch harvesting method

[0109] 3.1 Rose flower branches are divided into cut flower branches and vegetative branches according to their functions and uses. After the vegetative branches of the rose plant are folded and cultivated, the basal branches emerging from the base of the plant are the first-level branches, the branches emerging from the first-level branches are the second-level branches, and the branches emerging from the second-level branches are the third-level branches. During the production process of cut flower roses, the usual folding of branches is to cultivate flowering branches and vegetative branches, and at the same time to regulate the flowering period; among the thin and weak branches other than the flowering branches during the branch folding process, all are folded and cultivated into vegetative branches.

[0110] 3.2 Cut flowers are harvested 4 times a year. For the first pruning, the height of the first-level branches is reserved at 8 to 10 cm, for the second pruning, the height of the second-level branches is reserved at 5 to 7 cm, and for the third and fourth times, 2 cm of the third-level branches is reserved. This pruning method can ensure a high-yield and high-quality plant type.

[0111] By adopting the method of this application example, the per mu yield is increased to 80,000 - 100,000 branches, the proportion of high-quality products (Grade A and B) is increased to more than 60%, the economic benefit results are remarkable, the land utilization rate is increased by 40% - 60%, and the fertilizer utilization rate reaches more than 99%.

[0112] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses, characterized in that, The steps include: Step (1), planting rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the base, a ground film is laid on the substrate, and a drip irrigation tape is provided on the substrate, wherein the substrate is composed of centimeter stone and coconut husk from bottom to top; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the coconut husk is 29-31 cm; After that, water is passed through the soil until the coconut coir is fully expanded, and then rose seedlings are planted on the substrate with a row spacing of 29-31 cm, a distance of 4.5-5.5 cm between the rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate, and a plant spacing of 12-15 cm. The ground film is a black and white film, with the white side facing outwards; Step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: prepare a mother solution with an EC value of 1.6mS / cm, then dilute the mother solution 100 times and drip irrigate it to the roots of the rose seedlings until excess fertilizer and water flow out of the substrate. After that, continue drip irrigation for 14 to 16 minutes; during drip irrigation, maintain the water pressure between 0.5MPa and 1MPa; The mother liquor comprises 650-700 g of calcium nitrate, 80-90 g of potassium nitrate, 0.5-1 g of cobalamin, 250-320 g of potassium sulfate, 50-55 g of magnesium sulfate, 130-150 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 40-45 g of chelated iron with an iron content of ≥6.0%, 0.8-1.0 g of boric acid, 0.45-0.5 g of manganese sulfate, 1.2-1.3 g of zinc sulfate, 0.4-0.5 g of copper sulfate, and 0.1-0.12 g of ammonium molybdate per 10 kg of the mother liquor. Drip irrigation was applied 3-4 times a day to ensure that the EC value in the substrate was controlled between 0.6-0.8 mS / cm; Step (3), drip irrigation: drip water at the roots of the roses. When dripping, maintain the water pressure between 0.8 and 1.5 MPa. Drip irrigation lasts 30 to 40 minutes each time, 3 to 4 times a day. The time interval between drip irrigation and two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigations should be more than 2 hours; Step (4), harvesting of fresh cut flowers: harvesting 4 times a year, the first harvest is to prune the branches to a height of 8 to 10 cm, the second harvest is to prune the branches to a height of 5 to 7 cm, and the third and fourth harvests are to prune the branches to a height of 1.9 to 2.1 cm; The base has a length of 34-36m and a height of 15-50cm, and the base surface is inclined toward one end along the length direction; The tilt angle is 0.8°~1.2°; Fertilizer and water return troughs are installed on both sides of the base; There are two methods for placing the substrate: one is to place a planting trough on the base and fill the substrate in the planting trough; the other is to place the substrate strip directly on the base; There is a drainage hole at the bottom of the planting trough, which is located at the lowest end of the base platform; A drip irrigation network is provided on the planting trough; The fertilizer water reflow trough is located at the lowest end of the base table and is provided with a reflow trough outlet. The reflow trough outlet is connected to the water inlet of the multi-stage centrifugal pump through a pipe, and the water outlet of the multi-stage centrifugal pump is connected to the water inlet of the backwash filter through a pipe; the clean water outlet of the backwash filter is connected to the water inlet of the drip irrigation network through a pipe; the slag water outlet of the backwash filter is connected to the slag water pool through a pipe.

2. The method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting trough is 34-36 meters long, 39-41 cm wide, and 37-41 cm high; When the substrate is composed of multiple substrate strips, the total length is 34 to 36 meters, the width is 39 to 41 cm, and the height is 37 to 41 cm.

3. The method for high-yield soilless cultivation of fresh cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that The depth of the fertilizer and water return tank is 1 - 1.5 cm.

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