A flexible conductive film

Abstract

The present invention provides a flexible conductive film, comprising: a transparent polyimide flexible substrate having a first optical surface and a second optical surface, a first hardening coating is provided on one side of the first optical surface, and a first low refractive index layer, a nano silver wire conductive layer and a second low refractive index layer are provided on one side of the second optical surface. The present invention solves the technical problem that the color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area is relatively large, and the etched lines look very heavy to the human eye, resulting in a very poor consumer experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an optical film, and more particularly to a flexible conductive film. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the popularization of smart electronic products, portable electronic devices have become an essential part of people's lives. For example, there are many kinds of electronic devices with different size specifications and characteristics in the market. People have higher and higher requirements for smart electronic devices. In particular, consumers desire that the screen of smart electronic devices be large enough for a better visual user experience, while also taking into account that the smart electronic devices can be easily carried and used. To achieve the purpose of having a large enough screen and being easy to carry, people usually think about how to fold smart electronic devices for portability. However, there is a problem of how to fold the display screen and ensure that the display function is not affected. Flexible display screens provide the possibility for the foldability of smart electronic devices. However, a conductive film with strong bending resistance is required in flexible foldable devices. Currently, the nano-silver wire polyimide conductive film used in the bendable conductive film of the display screen has large color differences between the laser-etched line area and the non-etched line area due to defects in the formulation and product structure design. The etched lines look very heavy to the human eye, bringing an unsatisfactory visual experience to consumers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main object of the present invention is to provide a flexible conductive film to solve the technical problem that there is a large color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area, and the etched lines look very heavy to the human eye, resulting in a very poor consumer experience.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A flexible conductive film, comprising: a transparent polyimide flexible substrate having a first optical surface and a second optical surface, a first hardening coating is provided on one side of the first optical surface, and a first low refractive index layer, a nano-silver wire conductive layer, and a second low refractive index layer are provided on one side of the second optical surface.

[0006] Further, the coating thickness range of the first low refractive index layer is 80 - 120 nm, and the refractive index range is 1.2 - 1.45; outside this thickness range, the thin film material looks purple or greenish; the coating refractive index range is 1.2 - 1.45. Currently, the lowest refractive index of the organic resin (including inorganic particles) that can be mass-produced in the market is greater than or equal to 1.2, and the refractive index is less than or equal to 1.45. The greater the refractive index of the material surface, the greater the reflectivity.

[0007] Further, the glue in the first refractive index coating contains:

[0008] Organic resin: 5 - 20%

[0009] Surface-treated silica particles: 0.5 - 10%

[0010] Leveling agent: 0.5 - 5%

[0011] Initiator: 1 - 3%

[0012] Solvent: 62 - 93%;

[0013] The organic resin is selected from one or more of dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, and polyurethane acrylate; the inorganic particles are surface-treated hollow silica particles. The specific treatment is as follows: Purchase 2 grams of hollow silica nanoparticles (average diameter 15 nm) from the market, put them into 50 mL of anhydrous xylene solvent, add 1 mL of tridecafluorooctyl siloxane and 2 mL of allyl siloxane organic matter, reflux for 5 hours, and then graft the hydrophobic group tridecafluorooctyl and the organic matter containing unsaturated bonds onto the surface of the silica particles. Finally, dry at 120 °C for 10 hours to obtain the surface-treated silica particles. The silica particles treated by this method contain fluorine compounds on the surface, which further reduces the refractive index and at the same time reduces the aggregation between the silica particles. The surface of the particles also contains unsaturated double-bond organic matter, and this unsaturated double bond participates in the reaction between the organic resins, enabling the particles to be well embedded in the coating, increasing the ability of the coating surface to resist external forces. By adjusting the content of inorganic particles in the organic resin and the fluorine content on the surface of the inorganic particles, the refractive index of the coating is further adjusted.

[0014] Furthermore, for the second low refractive index layer, the coating thickness ranges from 80 to 120 nm, and the refractive index ranges from 1.2 to 1.45. If it is not within this thickness range, the thin film material looks purple or greenish; the coating refractive index ranges from 1.2 to 1.45. Currently, the lowest refractive index of the organic resin (including inorganic particles) that can be mass-produced on the market is greater than or equal to 1.2 and less than or equal to 1.45. The greater the refractive index of the material surface, the greater the reflectivity.

[0015] Furthermore, the glue in the second refractive index coating contains:

[0016] Organic resin: 5 - 20%

[0017] Surface-treated silica particles: 0.5 - 10%

[0018] Leveling agent: 0.5 - 5%

[0019] Initiator: 1 - 3%

[0020] Solvent: 62 - 93%;

[0021] The organic resin is selected from one or more of dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tris(meth)acrylate, and polyurethane acrylate; the inorganic particles are surface-treated hollow silica particles, and the preparation method of the surface-treated hollow silica particles is the same as that of the first low refractive index layer.

[0022] Furthermore, the nano silver wire conductive layer includes nano silver wires with a diameter range of 10 - 20 nm and a length range of 50 - 200 μm. The larger the diameter, the smaller the length, and the greater the stacking density of the silver wires, resulting in Figure 1 a greater reflectivity R2 in the non-laser area and a heavier etching line. On the contrary, the smaller the diameter and the larger the length, the more beneficial it is to improve the problem of heavy etching lines. If the silver wire diameter is too small and the length is too long, it will bring serious challenges to the actual synthesis of silver wires. The method for synthesizing nano silver wires: At room temperature, add 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroplatinate (0.0215 g / 1 mL ethylene glycol solution), triphenylphosphine (0.005 g / 1 mL ethylene glycol solution), and PVP-520000 solution (0.3 g / 10 mL ethylene glycol solution) into 100 mL of ethylene glycol solvent respectively. After slowly stirring for 30 min, slowly add silver nitrate solution (0.23 g / 10 mL ethylene glycol solution) while stirring. After continuing to stir for 40 min, first slowly heat up to 80 °C and keep it for 5 min, then slowly heat up to 150 °C and keep it for 5 min, and finally heat up to 180 °C and keep it for 20 min. Naturally cool to 160 °C, stop stirring for a period of time, and then cool to room temperature. The whole process is kept under argon protection; remove PVP and other additives by high-speed centrifugation multiple times, and obtain nano silver wires with a diameter range of 10 - 20 nm and a length in the range of 50 - 200 μm after washing and drying.

[0023] Furthermore, the thickness range of the transparent polyimide flexible substrate is 10 - 50 μm, and the refractive index range is 1.6 - 1.7.

[0024] Furthermore, the thickness range of the first hardening coating is 1 - 5 μm, and the refractive index range is 1.45 - 1.55.

[0025] Furthermore, the glue in the first hardening coating includes:

[0026] Organic resin: 10 - 40%

[0027] Inorganic particles: 4 - 10%

[0028] Leveling agent: 1 - 10%

[0029] Smoothing aid: 1 - 5%

[0030] Initiator: 1 - 3%

[0031] Solvent: 49 - 83%;

[0032] The organic resin is selected from one or more of dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, tris(2 - hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tris(meth)acrylate, and polyurethane acrylate. The inorganic particles are surface - treated silica particles. Specifically, 2 grams of silica nanoparticles (average diameter 25 nm) are purchased from the market and placed in 50 mL of anhydrous xylene solvent. 2 mL of tridecafluorooctyl siloxane and 2 mL of allyl siloxane organic matter are added, and refluxed for 5 hours. Then, the hydrophobic group tridecafluorooctyl and the unsaturated - bond - containing organic matter are grafted onto the surface of the silica particles. Finally, it is dried at 120 °C for 10 hours to obtain silica particles treated with fluorine - containing compounds. The larger the diameter of the treated particles, the worse the optical effect of the film containing the hard coating, and the surface of the particles is not surface - treated, so it is easy to agglomerate during actual use. By adding a slip - promoting agent, the surface energy of the coating surface can be reduced, thereby increasing the water contact angle (WCA) of the coating surface, reducing the peeling force of the back - end film laminating and then peeling, and reducing the problem that the polyimide film with a thickness of 10 - 50 μm is easily broken during the film - peeling process.

[0033] Beneficial effects:

[0034] The first low - refractive - index layer is coated on the nano - silver - wire conductive layer to reduce the reflectivity R1 of the outer - surface light. The lower layer of the etched area of the nano - silver - wire conductive layer, the combination of the second low - refractive - index layer and the colorless transparent polyimide has a lower light reflectivity R2, and the difference between R1 and R2 is small (see Figure 1 ), thereby improving the problem of large color difference. In the present invention, the diameter of the prepared nano - silver wires is relatively thin and the length is long enough, reducing the packing density between the nano - silver wires. Under the combined action of the two, the problem of large color difference or heavy etching lines is improved. In the present invention, the surfaces of the particles in the hard - coating glue and the low - refractive - index glue are jointly modified by fluorine - containing groups and unsaturated - bond - containing organic matter, reducing the aggregation between the particles. The fluorine - containing compound further reduces the refractive index of the coating, thereby reducing the reflectivity of the coating. The unsaturated bonds on the particle surface participate in the chemical reaction between the organic resins, increasing the ability of the coating surface to resist the outside world. Description of the drawings

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram describing the reflectivities R1 and R2.

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Example 1, where 1 is a transparent polyimide substrate, 2 is the first hard coating, 3 is the second low - refractive - index layer, 4 is the nano - silver - wire conductive layer, and 5 is the second low - refractive - index layer. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] The first hardening coating glue is coated on the first optical surface of a colorless and transparent polyimide substrate (Kolon substrate from South Korea) with a thickness of 20 μm and a refractive index of 1.63. After heat drying and UV curing, a first hardening coating is formed. The second low refractive index coating glue is coated on the second optical surface of the colorless and transparent polyimide substrate. After heat drying and UV curing, a second low refractive index coating is formed. A nano silver wire coating solution is coated on the second low refractive index coating. After heat drying, a nano silver wire conductive layer is formed. A first low refractive index coating glue is coated on the nano silver wire layer. After heat drying and UV curing, a first low refractive index coating is formed, and a flexible nano silver wire polyimide conductive film is obtained.

[0040] For the first hardening coating, the coating thickness is 1 μm and the refractive index is 1.50. The glue in the first hardening coating contains an organic resin with 10% dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, 5% tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, and 15% polyurethane acrylate; 10% of surface-treated silica particles; 2% of leveling agent BYK-3760; 3% of slip agent organosilicon-modified polyurethane acrylate; 2% of initiator 184; 1% of initiator TPO; and 52% of organic solvent.

[0041] The surface treatment of the silica particles in the first hardening coating is as follows:

[0042] 2 grams of silica nanoparticles (average diameter 25 nm) are purchased from the market and put into 50 mL of anhydrous xylene solvent. 2 mL of tridecafluorooctyl siloxane and 2 mL of allyl siloxane organic matter are added, and refluxed for 5 hours. Then, the hydrophobic group tridecafluorooctyl and the organic matter containing unsaturated bonds are grafted onto the surface of the silica particles. Finally, it is dried at 120 °C for 10 hours to obtain fluorine compound-treated silica particles.

[0043] The second low refractive index coating has a coating thickness of 100 nm. The thin film material looks translucent, and the refractive index of the coating is 1.35. The glue in the second refractive index coating contains: 5% dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, 2% tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, 3% polyurethane acrylate; 2% leveling agent BYK-3760, which can make the glue wet the substrate surface well and reduce the number of coating crystal points; 2% initiator 184; 1% initiator TPO; 85% organic solvent.

[0044] The silica particles in the second low refractive index coating are treated as follows:

[0045] Purchase 2 grams of hollow silica nanoparticles (average diameter 15 nm) from the market, put them into 50 mL of anhydrous m-xylene solvent, add 1 mL of trifluorooctyl siloxane and 2 mL of allyl siloxane organic matter, reflux for 5 hours, and then graft the hydrophobic group trifluorooctyl and the organic matter containing unsaturated bonds onto the surface of the silica particles. Finally, dry at 120 °C for 10 hours to obtain the surface-treated silica particles.

[0046] The nano silver wire conductive layer (sheet resistance 80 Ω / square), the average diameter of the nano silver wire is 20 nm, and the average length is 70 μm.

[0047] The synthesis method of the nano silver wire is as follows:

[0048] At room temperature, add 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroplatinate (0.0215 g / 1 mL ethylene glycol solution), triphenylphosphine (0.005 g / 1 mL ethylene glycol solution), and PVP-520000 solution (0.3 g / 10 mL ethylene glycol solution) to 100 mL of ethylene glycol solvent respectively. After slowly stirring for 30 min, slowly add silver nitrate solution (0.23 g / 10 mL ethylene glycol solution) while stirring. After continuing to stir for 40 min, first slowly heat up to 80 °C and keep it for 5 min, then slowly heat up to 150 °C and keep it for 5 min, and finally heat up to 180 °C and keep it for 20 min. Naturally cool to 160 °C, stop stirring for a period of time, and then cool to room temperature. The whole process is kept under argon protection; Remove PVP and other additives by high-speed centrifugation for multiple times, wash and dry to obtain nano silver wires with a diameter range of 10-20 nm and a length range of 50-200 μm.

[0049] The first low refractive index coating has a refractive index of 1.35 and an optical thickness of 100 nm. Outside this thickness range, the thin film material appears purple or greenish. The refractive index of the coating is 1.37. The glue in the first refractive index coating contains: 5% dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, 2% tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tri(meth)acrylate, 3% polyurethane acrylate; 2% leveling agent BYK-3760; 2% initiator 184; 1% initiator TPO; 85% organic solvent.

[0050] The silica particles in the first low refractive index coating are treated as follows:

[0051] Purchase 2 grams of hollow silica nanoparticles (average diameter 15 nm) from the market, place them in 50 mL of anhydrous m-xylene solvent, add 1 mL of trifluorooctylsiloxane and 2 mL of allylsiloxane organic matter, reflux for 5 hours, and then graft the hydrophobic group trifluorooctyl and the organic matter containing unsaturated bonds onto the surface of the silica particles. Finally, dry at 120 °C for 10 hours to obtain surface-treated silica particles.

[0052] For the flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 1, after laser ablation, the color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area is very slight and almost invisible to the human eye, which is acceptable. The test results of transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Different from Example 1, the first low refractive index coating has a refractive index of 1.2.

[0055] For the flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 2, after laser ablation, the color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area is very slight and almost invisible to the human eye, which is acceptable. The test results of transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] Different from Example 1, the first low refractive index coating has a refractive index of 1.45.

[0058] For the flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 3, after laser ablation, the color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area is very slight and almost invisible to the human eye, which is acceptable. The test results of transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] Different from Example 1, the second low refractive index coating has a refractive index of 1.2.

[0061] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 4, after laser ablation, has a very slight color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area, which is hardly visible to the human eye and is acceptable. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Example 5

[0063] Different from Example 1, the refractive index of the second low refractive index coating is 1.45.

[0064] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 5, after laser ablation, has a very slight color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area, which is hardly visible to the human eye and is acceptable. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] Different from Example 1, the refractive index of the colorless transparent polyimide substrate is 1.6.

[0067] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 6, after laser ablation, has a very slight color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area, which is hardly visible to the human eye and is acceptable. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Example 7

[0069] Different from Example 1, the refractive index of the colorless transparent polyimide substrate is 1.7.

[0070] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 7, after laser ablation, has a very slight color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area, which is hardly visible to the human eye and is acceptable. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Example 8

[0072] Different from Example 1, the optical thickness of the first refractive index coating is 80 nm, and the optical thickness of the second refractive index coating is 80 nm.

[0073] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 8, after laser ablation, has a very slight color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area, which is hardly visible to the human eye and is acceptable. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Example 9

[0075] Different from Example 1, the optical thickness of the first refractive index coating is 120 nm, and the optical thickness of the second refractive index coating is 120 nm.

[0076] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 9, after laser ablation, has a very slight color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area, which is hardly visible to the human eye and is acceptable. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Example 10

[0078] Different from Example 1, the average diameter of the silver nanowires is 20 nm and the average length is 200 μm.

[0079] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Example 10, after laser ablation, has a very slight color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area, which is hardly visible to the human eye and is acceptable. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] Different from Example 1, it does not contain the first low refractive index coating.

[0082] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Comparative Example 1, after laser ablation, has a very significant color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area. The etched lines can be clearly seen by the human eye and are unacceptable. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Comparative Example 2

[0084] Different from Example 1, it does not contain the second low refractive index coating

[0085] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Comparative Example 2, after laser ablation, has a very significant color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area. The etched lines can be clearly seen by the human eye and are unacceptable. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Comparative Example 3

[0087] Different from Example 1, the first low refractive index is 1.52 and the second low refractive index is 1.52.

[0088] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Comparative Example 3, after laser ablation, has a very significant color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area. The etched lines can be clearly seen by the human eye and are unacceptable. At the same time, the whole film surface looks red or green. The test results such as transmittance, haze, and the degree of slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 4

[0090] Different from Example 1, the refractive index of the colorless transparent polyimide is 1.56.

[0091] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Comparative Example 4, after laser ablation, has a significant color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area. The etched lines can be clearly seen by the human eye, which is unacceptable. The test results of transmittance, haze, and slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0092] Comparative Example 5

[0093] Different from Example 1, the refractive index of the colorless transparent polyimide is 1.72.

[0094] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Comparative Example 5, after laser ablation, has a significant color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area. The etched lines can be clearly seen by the human eye, which is unacceptable. The test results of transmittance, haze, and slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0095] Comparative Example 6

[0096] Different from Example 1, the thickness of the first low-refractive-index coating is 50 nm, and the thickness of the second low-refractive-index coating is 50 nm.

[0097] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Comparative Example 6, after laser ablation, has a significant color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area. The etched lines can be clearly seen by the human eye, which is unacceptable. The test results of transmittance, haze, and slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0098] Comparative Example 7

[0099] Different from Example 1, the thickness of the first low-refractive-index coating is 200 nm, and the thickness of the second low-refractive-index coating is 200 nm.

[0100] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Comparative Example 7, after laser ablation, has a significant color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area. The etched lines can be clearly seen by the human eye, which is unacceptable. The test results of transmittance, haze, and slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0101] Comparative Example 8

[0102] Different from Example 1, the average diameter of the silver nanowires is 40 nm, and the average length is 10 μm.

[0103] The flexible conductive film prepared according to the method described in Comparative Example 8, after laser ablation, has a significant color difference between the etched line area and the non-etched line area. The etched lines can be clearly seen by the human eye, which is unacceptable. The test results of transmittance, haze, and slight color difference are shown in Table 1.

[0104]

[0105] Table 1

[0106] The severity of the etching lines from good to bad is ★★★, ★★, ★, NG (not good) in sequence.

[0107] The appearance of the film surface from good to bad is ◆◆◆, ◆◆, ◆, NG (not good) in sequence.

[0108] R1: radius 1 mm

[0109] R3: radius 3 mm

[0110] Inner bending: bend 100,000 times towards the nano - silver wire conductive layer

[0111] Outer bending: bend 100,000 times towards the first HC hardening coating

[0112] The above - mentioned are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flexible conductive film, characterized in that, Comprising: A transparent polyimide flexible substrate having a first optical surface and a second optical surface, a first hard coating is provided on one side of the first optical surface, and a first low refractive index layer, a nano silver wire conductive layer, and a second low refractive index layer are provided on one side of the second optical surface; The coating thickness range of the first low refractive index layer is 80 - 120 nm, and the refractive index range is 1.2 - 1.45; The coating thickness range of the second low refractive index layer is 80 - 120 nm, and the refractive index range is 1.2 - 1.45; The nano silver wire conductive layer contains nano silver wires with a diameter range of 10 - 20 nm and a length range of 70 - 200 μm; The thickness range of the transparent polyimide flexible substrate is 10 - 50 μm, and the refractive index range is 1.6 - 1.7; The glue in the first low refractive index layer coating and the second low refractive index layer coating both contains: Organic resin: 5 - 20%; Surface-treated silica particles: 0.5 - 10%; Leveling agent: 0.5 - 5%; Initiator: 1 - 3%; Solvent: 62 - 93%; The organic resin is selected from one or more of dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tris(meth)acrylate, and polyurethane acrylate; The surface treatment method of the surface-treated silica particles includes: putting 2 g of hollow silica nanoparticles into 50 mL of anhydrous xylene solvent, adding 1 ml of trifluorooctyl siloxane and 2 ml of allyl siloxane organic matter and mixing, grafting the hydrophobic group trifluorooctyl and the unsaturated bond-containing allyl siloxane onto the silica particle surface.

2. The flexible conductive film according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness range of the first hard coating is 1 - 5 μm, and the refractive index range is 1.45 - 1.

55.

3. The flexible conductive film according to claim 1, wherein The glue in the first hard coating contains: Organic resin: 10 - 40% Inorganic particles: 4 - 10% Leveling agent: 1 - 10% Smoothing aid: 1 - 5% Initiator: 1 - 3% Solvent: 49 - 83%; The organic resin is selected from one or more of dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate tris(meth)acrylate, and polyurethane acrylate.

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