Antenna Unit, Array Antenna and Radar System

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna element, an array antenna, and a radar system. The antenna element includes a unit feeder and a plurality of radiation elements located in the same layer; each of the radiation elements is distributed on both sides of the unit feeder and is electromagnetically coupled to the unit feeder for transmitting or receiving radio frequency signals; wherein, the distance between each of the radiation elements and the unit feeder is greater than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna element, and on the same side of the unit feeder, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation elements is an even multiple of the half-wavelength; the half-wavelength is half of the wavelength of the radio frequency signal when it is transmitted in the unit feeder at the operating frequency. In this application, the unit feeder and a plurality of radiation elements are arranged in the same layer, the plurality of radiation elements are arranged on both sides of the unit feeder, and the feeding is performed by means of spatial electromagnetic coupling, so that a relatively large impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth can be achieved in a simple structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and particularly to an antenna element, an array antenna, and a radar system. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of wireless communication, sensing, etc., the performance of antennas in transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals has attracted increasing attention in the industry. In particular, the feeding method using physical connection will greatly limit the antenna bandwidth, and thus the traditional antenna structure can no longer meet the current requirements of various fields for a larger antenna bandwidth and high radiation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an antenna element, an array antenna, and a radar system for the above problems.

[0004] An antenna element, the antenna element includes a unit feeder and a plurality of radiation elements located in the same layer; each of the radiation elements is distributed on both sides of the unit feeder and is electromagnetically coupled to the unit feeder for transmitting and / or receiving radio frequency signals;

[0005] wherein, the distance between each of the radiation elements and the unit feeder is greater than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna element, and

[0006] On the same side of the unit feeder, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation elements is an even multiple of the half wavelength; the half wavelength is half of the wavelength of the radio frequency signal when it is transmitted in the unit feeder at the operating frequency.

[0007] For the above antenna element, by arranging a plurality of radiation elements on both sides of the unit feeder located in the same layer, and at the same time, each radiation element is electromagnetically coupled to the unit feeder to transmit or receive radio frequency signals, that is, there is no metal connection between the unit feeder and the radiation elements, so that the radiation elements and the unit feeder are electromagnetically coupled in space; in addition, by setting the distance between each radiation element and the unit feeder to be greater than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna element, and on the same side of the unit feeder, setting the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation elements to be an integer multiple of the half wavelength; that is to say, in the present application, the unit feeder and a plurality of radiation elements are arranged in the same layer, the plurality of radiation elements are arranged on both sides of the unit feeder, and the space electromagnetic coupling method is used for feeding, which can achieve a larger impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth in a simple structure, and while effectively expanding the impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth of the antenna, it can also ensure that in the radiation pattern of the antenna, the maximum radiation direction is within a set range in the concerned frequency band, so as to effectively avoid serious distortion and improve the antenna radiation efficiency.

[0008] In one embodiment, the plurality of radiation units may be distributed on both sides of the unit feeder in a preset arrangement manner so that the antenna beam pattern of the radiation units meets the design requirements. For example, the above-mentioned plurality of radiation units may be arranged in a staggered distribution or a symmetric distribution or other manners on both sides of the unit feeder, and each of the radiation units may include a coupling feeder and a radiation patch that are physically connected to each other. For example, the coupling feeder extends parallel to the unit feeder, and the radiation patch extends perpendicular to the extension direction of the coupling feeder to form a structure such as a "T" shape or an "L" shape;

[0009] Wherein, each of the coupling feeders is parallel to the unit feeder, and the distance between each of the coupling feeders and the unit feeder is greater than or equal to the critical dimension, and

[0010] On both sides of the unit feeder, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation patches in the extension direction of the unit feeder is an odd multiple of the half-wavelength.

[0011] In one embodiment, in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the unit feeder, the length of the radiation patch is an integer multiple of the half-wavelength.

[0012] In one embodiment, the polarization direction of the radiation patch is perpendicular to the extension direction of the unit feeder.

[0013] In one embodiment, the plurality of radiation units are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the unit feeder, and each of the radiation units is a radiation patch, that is, each radiation patch can be used as a radiation unit;

[0014] Wherein, the distance between each of the radiation patches and the unit feeder is greater than or equal to the critical dimension, and

[0015] On both sides of the unit feeder, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation patches in the extension direction of the unit feeder is an even multiple of the half-wavelength.

[0016] In one embodiment, the antenna unit further has at least two unit regions, and each of the unit regions is arranged in sequence in the extension direction of the unit feeder;

[0017] Wherein, in any one of the unit regions, at least one of the radiation units is distributed on both sides of the unit feeder, and the sizes of the radiation units located in the same unit region are the same; and

[0018] The sizes of the radiation units located in different unit regions are different from each other so that different unit regions transmit or receive radio frequency signals of different frequencies.

[0019] In one embodiment, the unit feeder is a line segment or a curved segment. When the unit feeder is a curved segment, there is no overlapping or crossing region between the two endpoints of the curved segment.

[0020] In one embodiment, the curved segment may include non-linear segments such as "C"-shaped curved segments and "S"-shaped curved segments.

[0021] In one embodiment, the RF signal may be a high-frequency signal such as a centimeter-wave signal or a millimeter-wave signal.

[0022] In one embodiment, the antenna unit further includes a dielectric substrate and a reference ground plane covering one side surface of the dielectric substrate;

[0023] Wherein, the unit feeder and each of the radiation units are disposed on the surface of the dielectric substrate facing away from the reference ground plane.

[0024] In one embodiment, the unit feeder has a terminal end and a connection end connected to the RF signal transceiver unit; the antenna unit further includes a metal via;

[0025] Wherein, the terminal end of the unit feeder is short-circuited to the reference ground plane through the metal via.

[0026] An array antenna includes at least one antenna;

[0027] Wherein, each antenna includes at least one antenna unit as described in any one of the foregoing items; and

[0028] When any one of the antennas includes at least two antenna units as described in any one of the foregoing items, each of the antenna units is connected in parallel.

[0029] In one embodiment, the array antenna further includes an electromagnetic bandgap structure disposed between any two adjacent antennas; the electromagnetic bandgap structure is a capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure.

[0030] In one embodiment, the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure may have a bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region disposed around the bandgap isolation region. The capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure includes:

[0031] Peripheral metal sheets disposed in the peripheral metal region;

[0032] An interdigital structure including a first interdigital unit and a second interdigital unit; the first interdigital unit is nested in the second interdigital unit; the interdigital structure is connected to the peripheral metal sheet through the first interdigital unit; and

[0033] An inductive structure connected to the second interdigital unit;

[0034] Among them, the interdigital structure is used to provide the capacitance of the electromagnetic bandgap structure, and the inductance structure is used to provide an inductance in series with the capacitance; and

[0035] The capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can be used to isolate electromagnetic signals of a preset frequency according to the capacitance and the inductance.

[0036] In one embodiment, the shape of the bandgap isolation region is square, circular or elliptical.

[0037] In one embodiment, the first interdigital unit includes a strip-shaped protrusion, and the second interdigital unit includes a U-shaped depression;

[0038] One end of the strip-shaped protrusion is connected to the peripheral metal sheet, and the other end is inserted into the U-shaped depression.

[0039] In one embodiment, the second interdigital unit further includes two parallel strip-shaped structures;

[0040] One end of the strip-shaped protrusion is connected to the peripheral metal sheet, and the other end is inserted into the region between the two parallel strip-shaped structures;

[0041] Among them, the structures of the second interdigital units between adjacent interdigital structures are different.

[0042] In one embodiment, the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure may have an elliptical bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region disposed around the elliptical bandgap isolation region. The capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure may include:

[0043] A peripheral metal sheet disposed in the peripheral metal region;

[0044] Four interdigital structures, including two first interdigital structures and two second interdigital structures; the two first interdigital structures are symmetrically distributed on the long axis of the elliptical bandgap isolation region, and the two second interdigital structures are symmetrically distributed on the short axis of the elliptical bandgap isolation region; and

[0045] Four arc-shaped inductance units, and adjacent interdigital structures are electrically connected through one of the arc-shaped inductance units;

[0046] Among them, the interdigital structure and the arc-shaped inductance unit are alternately electrically connected to isolate radio frequency signals of a preset frequency emitted by at least two radio frequency components symmetrically distributed on both sides of the electromagnetic bandgap structure; among them, the radio frequency signals of the preset frequency are millimeter wave signals.

[0047] The above-mentioned array antenna is provided with at least one antenna. Each antenna includes at least one antenna unit as described above. When any one antenna includes at least two antenna units as described above, each of the antenna units is connected in parallel. The above-mentioned antenna unit arranges the unit feeder and a plurality of radiation units on the same layer. The plurality of radiation units are arranged on both sides of the unit feeder and are fed by means of spatial electromagnetic coupling, which can achieve a relatively large impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth in a simple structure. Compared with the traditional series feeding method, the impedance bandwidth that can be achieved is about 2 GHz. After the radiation unit and the unit feeder of the present application are electromagnetically coupled in space, the impedance bandwidth of the array antenna can be about 5.5 GHz.

[0048] An array antenna includes at least two antennas; each antenna includes at least one antenna unit; the antenna unit includes a unit feeder and a plurality of radiation units located on the same layer; each of the radiation units is distributed on both sides of the unit feeder and is electromagnetically coupled to the unit feeder for transmitting or receiving radio frequency signals;

[0049] Wherein, the plurality of radiation units are staggered and distributed on both sides of the unit feeder, and each of the radiation units includes a coupling feeder and a radiation patch that are physically connected to each other;

[0050] Each of the coupling feeders is parallel to the unit feeder, and the distance between each coupling feeder and the unit feeder is greater than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna unit;

[0051] On both sides of the unit feeder, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation patches in the extending direction of the unit feeder is an integer multiple of the half-wavelength; the half-wavelength is half of the wavelength of the radio frequency signal in the antenna unit at the operating frequency; and

[0052] An electromagnetic bandgap structure (such as the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure in the embodiment of the present application) is arranged between any two adjacent antennas.

[0053] The above-mentioned array antenna is provided with at least two antennas. Each antenna includes at least one antenna unit as described above. The above-mentioned antenna unit places the unit feeder and a plurality of radiation units on the same layer. The plurality of radiation units are staggered and distributed on both sides of the unit feeder and are fed by means of spatial electromagnetic coupling, which can achieve a relatively large impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth in a simple structure. At the same time, each of the radiation units includes a coupling feeder and a radiation patch that are physically connected to each other; based on the current process, the distance between the coupling feeder and the unit feeder in the radiation unit and the distance between adjacent radiation patches are reasonably set; finally, by arranging an electromagnetic bandgap structure between any two adjacent antennas, the isolation between the two adjacent antennas can be realized, and electromagnetic interference between them can be avoided.

[0054] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic bandgap structure includes a bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region disposed around the bandgap isolation region, and the electromagnetic bandgap structure includes a ground metal sheet, an interdigital structure, and an inductance structure; the ground metal sheet is disposed in the peripheral metal region, the interdigital structure includes a first interdigital unit and a second interdigital unit, and the interdigital structure is connected to the ground metal sheet through the first interdigital unit, and the inductance structure is connected to the second interdigital unit;

[0055] Wherein, the interdigital structure is used to provide the capacitance of the electromagnetic bandgap structure, and the inductance structure is used to provide an inductance connected in series with the capacitance; and

[0056] The electromagnetic bandgap structure isolates electromagnetic signals of a preset frequency through the capacitance and the inductance.

[0057] In one embodiment, the shape of the bandgap isolation region includes any one of a square, a circle, or an ellipse.

[0058] A radar system includes:

[0059] A processor, and

[0060] The array antenna as described in any one of the foregoing items;

[0061] Wherein, the processor transmits and receives radio frequency signals through the array antenna to output communication data, assisted driving data, security inspection imaging data, and / or human vital sign parameter data.

[0062] By adopting the array antenna described above, the above radar system sets at least one antenna, and each antenna includes at least one antenna unit. The antenna unit places the unit feeder and a plurality of radiation units on the same layer, and the plurality of radiation units are disposed on both sides of the unit feeder, and uses the spatial electromagnetic coupling method for feeding. It can achieve a large impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth in a simple structure. Especially when applied to radar systems, communication devices, etc., the loss of the transmitted and received radio frequency signals can be lower, and the communication data, assisted driving data, security inspection imaging data, and / or human vital sign parameter data, etc. transmitted to the processor for processing and output are also more accurate.

[0063] In one embodiment, the processor and the array antenna are integrated into the same chip structure to form an AiP radar chip. For example, the processor is integrated in the die of the radar chip, and the array antenna can be integrated in the package structure of the radar chip. In other alternative embodiments, the above processor and the array antenna can be two independent components. For example, the processor is integrated in the radar chip, and the array antenna can be disposed on a carrier mechanism such as a PCB board, and the radar chip is connected to the above array antenna to form a radar system. Description of the Drawings

[0064] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the first embodiment;

[0065] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the antenna unit in the first embodiment;

[0066] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the antenna unit in another embodiment;

[0067] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the second embodiment;

[0068] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the third embodiment;

[0069] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the fourth embodiment;

[0070] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the fifth embodiment;

[0071] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the sixth embodiment;

[0072] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the seventh embodiment;

[0073] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the eighth embodiment;

[0074] Figure 11 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the ninth embodiment;

[0075] Figure 12 It is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in the tenth embodiment;

[0076] Figure 13 It is a schematic structural diagram of the array antenna in one embodiment;

[0077] Figure 14 It is a schematic structural diagram of the array antenna in another embodiment;

[0078] Figure 15 It is a schematic structural diagram of the array antenna in yet another embodiment;

[0079] Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of the input reflection coefficient of the antenna unit in the first embodiment;

[0080] Figure 17 It is a schematic diagram of the gain of the antenna unit in the first embodiment varying with frequency;

[0081] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency of the antenna unit in Embodiment 1;

[0082] Figure 19 Radiation pattern of the antenna unit in Embodiment 1;

[0083] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of a capacitive electromagnetic isolation structure in one embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0084] For ease of understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0085] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can also be a middle element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be a middle element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0086] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the specification of this application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0087] Taking the antenna in the radar field as an example below, the technical solution of the present application will be elaborated in detail. However, it should be noted that the relevant technical content recorded in this embodiment can also be extended and applied to fields such as wireless communication (such as 5G and 6G mobile communications), the Internet of Things, human body security inspection imaging, automotive assisted / automatic driving, collision avoidance detection, etc.

[0088] In a radar system, the transceiver array antenna, which is the most important part for detecting objects, has always been the focus of research. Traditional transceiver array antennas achieve feeding through methods such as series feeding or parallel feeding. The so-called series feeding means that the antenna elements are in a series relationship, and the excitation phases are made the same by adjusting the distances between the antenna elements (i.e., the lengths of the transmission lines between the antenna elements). Therefore, once the frequency shifts, the phase shifts of the individual elements are different, the beam directions are different, and the antenna bandwidth is relatively narrow. In parallel feeding, the paths from the feeding point to each antenna element can be made the same, and the phases of the individual elements can be ensured not to change with frequency, and the beam direction remains unchanged. Therefore, the bandwidth is relatively wide.

[0089] However, as the frequency increases to the millimeter-wave stage and the wavelength of the corresponding electromagnetic wave reaches the millimeter level, due to limitations in antenna processing technology and materials, the insertion loss of the transmission line cannot be ignored. The transceiver array antenna with parallel feeding faces problems such as large transmission losses and low radiation efficiency.

[0090] Currently, the radar systems introduced by radar manufacturers and research institutions at home and abroad mostly adopt the antenna form of a microstrip patch array with series feeding. This type of antenna realizes the same excitation phase by adjusting the distances between the antenna elements. However, as the frequency changes, the phase shifts between the individual antenna elements are different, the beam directions are different, and the radiation pattern is distorted, resulting in a relatively narrow antenna bandwidth. However, for high-resolution radar systems, a relatively large bandwidth is often required for the antenna. Therefore, designing an antenna that can meet the requirements of a high-resolution radar system for a large bandwidth is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0091] In view of the above problems, after analysis and research, the inventor of this application creatively proposed a new antenna structure. Please refer to Figure 1 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna element in Embodiment 1 provided by this application. The antenna element includes a unit feeder 310 and a plurality of radiation elements 320 located in the same layer (such as the same metal layer); among them, as Figure 1 shown, each of the radiation elements 320 is distributed on both sides of the unit feeder 310 and is electromagnetically coupled to the unit feeder 310 for transmitting and / or receiving radio frequency signals; that is to say, the antenna element of this application can receive radio frequency signals through the radiation element 320, can also transmit radio frequency signals through the radiation element 320, or can receive and transmit radio frequency signals through the radiation element 320; optionally, the radio frequency signal of this application can be a high-frequency signal such as a millimeter-wave signal or a centimeter-wave signal. Exemplarily, when the radio frequency signal of this application is a millimeter-wave signal, the millimeter-wave signal can be a signal with a frequency ranging from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. The feeding between the unit feeder 310 and the radiation element 320 of this application adopts a spatial electromagnetic coupling method; as Figure 16As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the input reflection coefficient of this specific embodiment. It can be seen that in this application, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is extended by adopting the spatial electromagnetic coupling feeding method between the unit feeder 310 and the radiation unit 320. The impedance bandwidth that this application can achieve is about 5.5 GHz (the corresponding impedance bandwidth covers 74 GHz - 80.5 GHz). Among them, the impedance bandwidth refers to the bandwidth when the S11 curve of the antenna satisfies certain conditions as the frequency changes. Usually, the condition for defining the bandwidth is |S11| < -10 dB. In addition, since there is no metal connection between the unit feeder 310 and the radiation unit 320 in this application, it is not sensitive to the parameters of the antenna size and position, and correspondingly, it can have a relatively large tolerance for the processing accuracy.

[0092] The specific number of the radiation units 320 of this application can be adjusted according to the required gain or radiation pattern, and this application does not make further limitations here.

[0093] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 , although the above-mentioned setting method allows a relatively large tolerance for the processing accuracy of this application, in order to expand the impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth of the antenna, the distance between each of the radiation units 320 and the unit feeder 310 in the antenna unit of this application can be greater than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna unit (that is, Figure 1 the CD in Figure 1 . By controlling the distance between the radiation unit 320 and the unit feeder 310, the coupling strength between the radiation unit 320 and the unit feeder 310 can be controlled. At the same time, since the direction of the current on the unit feeder 310 changes every half wavelength (that is, a 180° phase difference is generated), in order to ensure the superposition of the radiation of each radiation unit 320 in space, it is required that the phases of each radiation unit 320 are the same. Therefore, in this specific embodiment, on the same side of the unit feeder 310, for example, g in g , on the upper side of the unit feeder 310, the distance S1 between the centers of adjacent radiation units 320 is set to an even multiple of the half wavelength, for example, S1 = 2N × λ g / 2; where N is a positive integer, λ g / 2 is the half wavelength, and λ g can be the wavelength when the center frequency of the radio frequency signal is transmitted in the unit feeder; it can make the phases of the radiation units 320 the same, and thus the radiation in space can be superimposed on each other. Since the current of the unit feeder 310 in this specific embodiment is along the direction of the unit feeder 310, and the direction of the current after the radiation unit 320 is coupled with the unit feeder 310 is also along the direction of the unit feeder 310, therefore, the polarization direction of the antenna unit of this application is along the extension direction of the unit feeder 310. Please refer to Figure 17 , Figure 18 and Figure 19, which are respectively the schematic diagram of the gain of the antenna unit varying with frequency and the schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency of the antenna unit. Figure 17 It can be seen from [reference] that in this specific embodiment, the 3dB gain bandwidth of the antenna unit is 73GHz - 82GHz. Figure 18 It can be seen from [reference] that the simple structure of the present application can still ensure good radiation efficiency. Figure 19 It can be seen that in this specific embodiment, the antenna unit ensures that the maximum radiation direction of the antenna unit is perpendicular to the surface of the antenna board by setting the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation units on the same side of the unit feeder to an even multiple of the half-wavelength. And the shape of the beam in the main lobe direction is relatively flat and symmetric. At the same time, the 3dB beam width is 60° in the horizontal direction (perpendicular to the extension direction of 310), and about 20° in the elevation direction (extension direction of 310).

[0094] Optionally, please continue to refer to It can be seen that in this specific embodiment, several radiation units 320 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the unit feeder 310, and each of the radiation units 320 is a square radiation sheet; wherein, the distance between each radiation sheet 320 and the unit feeder 310 can be greater than or equal to the manufacturing critical dimension CD (which can be understood as the distance between the bottom edge of the square radiation sheet and the unit feeder 310); the side length S2 of the square radiation sheet 320 can be half a wavelength. At the same time, on the same side of the unit feeder 310, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation sheets 320 along the extension direction of the unit feeder 310 is an even multiple of the half-wavelength.

[0095] Optionally, in order to make the antenna unit of the present application more flexible in use, the unit feeder 310 in this specific embodiment can be a line segment or a curve segment. And when the unit feeder 310 is a curve segment, there will be no crossing or overlapping area between the two endpoints of the curve segment; more optionally, refer to Figure 1 This curve segment can include non-straight segments such as a "C" - shaped curve segment and an "S" - shaped curve segment; similarly, several radiation units 320 can be symmetrically distributed on both sides of the curve segment, which can also play a role in expanding the impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth of the antenna unit.

[0096] In one embodiment, please refer to , which is the cross - sectional schematic diagram of the antenna unit in Embodiment 1 provided by the present application. As Figure 7As shown, in addition to the unit feeder 310 disposed on the same layer and several radiation units 320 disposed on both sides of the unit feeder 310 as described above, the antenna unit of the present application may further include a dielectric substrate 10 and a reference ground layer 20 covering one surface of the dielectric substrate 10; wherein, the unit feeder 310 and each of the radiation units 320 are disposed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 10 facing away from the reference ground layer 20. By providing a reference ground layer 20 on the back of the dielectric substrate 10 as a reflecting surface, the present application can cause the antenna to radiate in the direction opposite to the reference ground layer, thereby increasing the antenna gain. At the same time, by providing the unit feeder 310 and several radiation units 320 located on both sides of the unit feeder 310 on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the gain bandwidth and impedance bandwidth of the antenna unit can be increased.

[0097] Optionally, please refer to , which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in another embodiment provided by the present application. The difference between the antenna unit in this embodiment and the foregoing antenna unit embodiment is that the antenna unit in this specific embodiment is further provided with a metal via H; specifically, for the convenience of description and distinction, the end of the unit feeder 310 connected to the radio frequency signal transmitting and receiving unit (not shown in the figure) is denoted as the connection end (not shown in the figure), and the other end is denoted as the end of the unit feeder 310; the metal via H in this specific embodiment is mainly used to short-circuit the end of the unit feeder 310 to the reference ground layer 20, so that a short-circuit phenomenon occurs at the end of the unit feeder 310, and at the same time, the length of the unit feeder 310 extending out can be reduced.

[0098] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in Embodiment 2 provided by the present application. The difference between the antenna unit in this embodiment and the foregoing Embodiment 1 is that the square radiation units 320 are staggered on both sides of the unit feeder 310. By adjusting the number of square radiation units, the gain can be adjusted. Generally speaking, the more the number of square radiation units 320, the greater the gain of the antenna unit, the narrower the corresponding beam width, and the better the directivity obtained when applied to the antenna. It can be understood that the size of the square radiation unit in this specific embodiment is the same as that of the square radiation unit in the foregoing embodiment, and the spacing between the radiation units 320 on the same side of the unit feeder 310 can be determined with reference to the foregoing embodiment, and will not be further described herein.

[0099] In one embodiment, please refer to , which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in Embodiment 3 provided by this application. In this specific embodiment, there are at least two unit areas A1, A2... on the antenna unit. Each of the unit areas, and there are at least two unit areas A1, A2... on the antenna unit, which are arranged in sequence in the extending direction of the unit feeder 310. Among them, in any one of the unit areas (such as unit area A1), at least one of the radiation units is distributed on both sides of the unit feeder 310. The radiation units 320 located in the same unit area can be symmetrically distributed (symmetric distribution is adopted in this specific embodiment), or can be staggered (please refer to Figure 2 ); at the same time, the radiation units located in the same unit area (such as unit area A1) have the same size, and the sizes of the radiation units located in different unit areas are different, so that different unit areas transmit or receive radio frequency signals with different frequencies. Specifically, taking unit area A1 and unit area A2 as examples, there are a total of four radiation units 3202 with the same size and symmetric distribution in unit area A1, and there are a total of four radiation units 3204 with the same size and symmetric distribution in unit area A2; among them, the size of the radiation unit 3202 in unit area A1 can be larger than the size of the radiation unit 3204 in unit area A2. The radiation unit 3202 in unit area A1 undergoes spatial electromagnetic coupling with the unit feeder 310, so that it operates in the first frequency band, and the radiation unit 3204 in unit area A2 undergoes spatial electromagnetic coupling with the unit feeder 310, so that it operates in the second frequency band; among them, the first frequency band is greater than the second frequency band. That is to say, using a similar idea, by adjusting the size and position of the radiation units in some unit areas of the antenna unit, this application can achieve multiple frequency bands.

[0100] Based on the same concept, this application can also set several similar unit areas with reference to unit area A1 and unit area A2, and parameters such as the number, size, and spacing between each other of the radiation units in each unit area can be selected and adjusted according to the different frequency bands to be generated, which will not be further elaborated here.

[0101] In one embodiment, the several radiation units 320 in the antenna unit of this application can be distributed on both sides of the unit feeder in a preset arrangement manner, so that the antenna beam pattern of the radiation unit meets the design requirements. For example, the above several radiation units 320 can also be staggered or symmetrically distributed on both sides of the unit feeder 310. Please refer to , which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in Embodiment 6 provided by the present application. In this specific embodiment, the several radiation units 320 can be staggeredly distributed on both sides of the unit feeder 310. Each radiation unit 320 includes a coupling feeder 322 and a radiation patch 324 that are physically connected to each other. Different from the aforementioned square radiation patch, the radiation patch 324 in this specific embodiment can be a rectangular radiation patch. In addition, the coupling feeder 322 in this specific embodiment extends parallel to the unit feeder 310, while the radiation patch 324 extends perpendicular to the extension direction of the coupling feeder 322, forming structures such as a "T" shape or an "L" shape. Among them, each coupling feeder 322 is parallel to the unit feeder 310 for coupling with the unit feeder 310. Moreover, the distance between each coupling feeder 322 and the unit feeder 310 can also be greater than or equal to the critical dimension CD of the process for manufacturing the antenna unit. At the same time, on both sides of the unit feeder 310, the distance S3 between the centers of adjacent radiation patches 324 along the extension direction of the unit feeder 310 can be set to an odd multiple of the half-wavelength λ g / 2, and the distance between the radiation patches 324 on the same side can be an even multiple of the half-wavelength λ g / 2.

[0102] Optionally, continue to refer to Figure 3 . In this specific embodiment, the coupling feeder 322 and the radiation patch 324 can be perpendicularly arranged to each other (that is, the radiation patch 324 is arranged perpendicular to the extension direction of the coupling feeder 322). Specifically, the radiation patch 324 can be arranged at any position in the extension direction of the coupling feeder 322. Optionally, the radiation patch 324 of the present application can be arranged near the two ends of the coupling feeder 322, or directly arranged at the two ends of the coupling feeder 322. The radiation patch 324 of this specific embodiment is arranged at the end of the coupling feeder 322 (refer to ); and, the radiation patch 324 is arranged on the side of the coupling feeder 322 away from the unit feeder 310. Since the current of the unit feeder 310 is along the direction of the unit feeder 310, the current directions of the coupling feeders 322 in the radiation units 320 on both sides of the unit feeder 310 after coupling with the unit feeder 310 are also parallel to the current direction in the unit feeder 310. In the present application, the radiation patch 324 is set to be perpendicular to the coupling feeder 322, which can make the radio frequency signal coupled by the coupling feeder 322 radiate out in a direction perpendicular to the unit feeder 310, so that the polarization direction of the radiation patch 324 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the unit feeder 310.

[0103] Specifically, continue to refer to Figure 4, S5 represents the distance of the radiation patch 324 in the direction perpendicular to the coupling feeder 322. S5 can be set to an integer multiple of half-wavelength. The definition of half-wavelength can refer to the previous description and will not be elaborated here. S4 represents the distance between a vertical side of the radiation patch 324 and the vertical side of the coupling feeder 322 on the same side. This S4 can be half a wavelength. Additionally, the length of the side of the radiation patch 324 parallel to the coupling feeder 322 can be adjusted according to specific product performance requirements and will not be further limited here. Optionally, the coupling feeder 322 and the radiation patch 324 can be an integrally formed "L"-shaped metal sheet structure.

[0104] More optionally, a plurality of radiation units 320 having the above-mentioned coupling feeder 322 and radiation patch 324 can be arranged on both sides of the unit feeder 310 in an array. Compared with a single radiation unit, being arranged in an array can make the beam of the antenna unit narrower and the gain stronger.

[0105] In one embodiment, please refer to , which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in Embodiment 7 provided by the present application. In addition to having the structures, dimensions, etc. of the previous Embodiment 6, in this specific embodiment, a plurality of radiation units 320 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the unit feeder 310. Moreover, adjacent radiation units 320 on the same side of the unit feeder 310 can be mirror-symmetric to each other. Among them, the coupling feeders 322 and the radiation patches 324 between the radiation units 320 on the same side are adjacent in a cross manner. Two radiation units 320 on different sides of the unit feeder 310 overlap with each other by rotating 180°. It can be understood that the dimensions of the radiation patch 324 and the coupling feeder 322 in this specific embodiment can be set with reference to the previous Embodiment 6. It should be noted that the length S6 of the radiation patch 324 in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the unit feeder 310 in this specific embodiment is an odd multiple of half-wavelength. The distance S7 between the radiation patches 324 on the same side (when the coupling feeders 322 are adjacent) is an even multiple of half-wavelength. Additionally, the coupling and radiation principles of this radiation unit 320 can also refer to the relevant description of the previous Embodiment 6 and will not be further elaborated here. By arranging the patterns on the same side of the unit feeder 310, the layout of the antenna unit of the present application can be made more flexible and more applicable in actual applications.

[0106] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 5, which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in Embodiment 8 provided by this application. This specific embodiment is a variation of the aforementioned Embodiment 7. When the distance between the radiation units 320 on the same side of the unit feeder 310 is zero in the aforementioned Embodiment 7, the structure of this specific embodiment can be formed. In actual use, the structure in the drawing of this specific embodiment can be used as a unit and then arranged at equal intervals along the extension direction of the unit feeder 310. It can be understood that in this specific embodiment, there may be a gap or integral molding between adjacent coupling feeders 322; in addition, in the radiation unit 320, the distance S8 between adjacent two radiation sheets 324 can be an even multiple of the half-wavelength, and the distance S9 between the radiation units 320 on different sides along the extension direction of the unit feeder 310 can be an odd multiple of the half-wavelength. This specific embodiment has the advantages of simple process, low cost, and significant gain improvement.

[0107] In one embodiment, please refer to , which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in Embodiment 9 provided by this application. In this specific embodiment, several radiation units 320 are staggered on both sides of the unit feeder 310, and the structures and sizes of the radiation units can be the same. Taking one radiation unit as an example, the radiation unit 320 can include a rectangular frame and a radiation sheet 324 perpendicular to the rectangular frame. In the rectangular frame, the side parallel to the unit feeder 310 can be denoted as the long side, and the side perpendicular to the unit feeder 310 can be denoted as the short side. The length S12 of the long side can be one wavelength, and the length S10 of the short side can be half a wavelength. The distance S11 between the radiation sheets 324 (centers) on the same side of the unit feeder 310 can be an even multiple of the half-wavelength, and the distance S13 between the radiation sheets 324 on different sides can be an odd multiple of the half-wavelength. At the same time, for the same radiation unit, the distance between adjacent short sides in the direction parallel to the extension direction of the unit feeder 310 can be one wavelength; in the rectangular frame of this specific embodiment, the side parallel to the unit feeder 310 (long side) plays a coupling role, and the side perpendicular to the unit feeder 310 (short side) plays a radiation role; the size of the radiation sheet 324 in this specific embodiment can be the same as the size of the short side, and the radiation sheet 324 can be arranged in the middle of the long side of the rectangular frame away from the unit feeder 310; by setting a rectangular frame in the radiation unit 320, the number of radiation sheets playing a radiation role and the number of coupling feeders playing a coupling role can be increased; at the same time, the two sides parallel to the unit feeder 310 in the rectangular frame can also be coupled to each other, which can increase the radiation performance of the antenna, making the direction performance of the antenna better and the beam better.

[0108] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 6, which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna unit in Embodiment 10 provided by this application. This specific embodiment is a variation of the aforementioned Embodiment 9. Similar to the aforementioned Embodiment 9, in the rectangular frame, the side parallel to the unit feeder 310 plays a coupling role, and the side perpendicular to the unit feeder 310 plays a radiation role. Moreover, the size of the rectangular frame is the same as that of the rectangular frame in the aforementioned embodiment. That is to say, the length S14 of the radiation patch 324 in the direction perpendicular to the unit feeder 310 can be half a wavelength, and the distance S15 between the radiation units on different sides can be half a wavelength. The radiation part of this specific embodiment specifically includes a plurality of rectangular frames (not shown in the figure) and a radiation patch 324. Each of the rectangular frames is regularly arranged along the extending direction of the unit feeder 310 and the direction away from the unit feeder 310, mainly stacked alternately in the direction away from the unit feeder 310 to form a shape similar to a pyramid. Among them, the number of rectangular frames in the direction away from the unit feeder 310 decreases step by step in sequence. Further, the distance S16 between the outermost sides of each layer of the radiation part and the outermost side of the upper layer of the radiation part in the direction parallel to the unit feeder 310 can be half a wavelength. In addition, in this specific embodiment, there is a situation where two adjacent or contacting rectangular frames share a common side. For example, the adjacent rectangular frames arranged along the extending direction of the unit feeder 310 share the radiating side, and the adjacent rectangular frames arranged along the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the unit feeder 310 share the coupling side. By arranging a plurality of rectangular frames in the radiation unit, the number of radiation patches that play a radiation role and the number of coupling feeders that play a coupling role can be increased. At the same time, the two sides parallel to the unit feeder 310 in the rectangular frame can also be coupled to each other, which can improve the radiation performance of the antenna and make the direction performance of the antenna better.

[0109] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an array antenna.

[0110] The array antenna may include at least one antenna (not shown in the figure). Among them, each antenna includes at least one antenna unit as described in any of the foregoing embodiments. And when any one of the antennas includes at least two antenna units as described in any of the foregoing embodiments, each of the antenna units is connected in parallel. It should be understood that the parallel connection here means that the unit feeders of each antenna unit are connected in parallel through a power divider.

[0111] Specifically, reference can be made to , the array antenna includes antenna 30a, antenna 30b, and antenna 30c; among them, antenna 30a includes four antenna elements, and the four antenna elements are connected in parallel; antenna 30b includes two antenna elements, and the two antenna elements are connected in parallel; antenna 30c includes three antenna elements, and the three antenna elements are connected in parallel; it can be understood that the spacing between the antenna elements in antenna 30a, antenna 30b, and antenna 30c can be equal or unequal, and the spacing between antenna 30a, antenna 30b, and antenna 30c can be equal or unequal; the distances, dimensions, etc. of parameters such as the unit feeder, radiation unit, radiation patch, and coupling feeder in each antenna element can refer to the relevant descriptions of the foregoing antenna element embodiments and will not be elaborated here.

[0112] In summary, for the array antenna of the present application, by setting at least one antenna, and each antenna includes at least one antenna element as described above, and when any one antenna includes at least two antenna elements as described above, each of the antenna elements is connected in parallel. And in the foregoing antenna element, the unit feeder and several radiation units can be arranged on the same layer, the several radiation units are arranged on both sides of the unit feeder, and the feeding is carried out by means of spatial electromagnetic coupling, which can achieve a larger impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth in a simple structure. Compared with the impedance bandwidth of about 2 GHz that can be achieved by the traditional series feeding method, the impedance bandwidth of the array antenna can be about 5.5 GHz after the radiation unit and the unit feeder are electromagnetically coupled in space.

[0113] Since the spacing between the antennas in the array antenna is relatively close, in order to avoid mutual electromagnetic interference between adjacent antennas; please refer to Figure 8 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the array antenna in another embodiment provided by the present application. In addition to the structure of the foregoing array antenna embodiment, the array antenna in this specific embodiment also has an electromagnetic bandgap structure provided between any two adjacent antennas, which can achieve isolation between the antennas in the array antenna to reduce the coupling effect between different single-row antennas; optionally, the electromagnetic bandgap structure in this specific embodiment can be a capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure.

[0114] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides an array antenna.

[0115] For auxiliary reference, please refer to , the array antenna may include at least two antennas (32a, 32b, 32c); each antenna includes at least one antenna element (not shown in the figure); the antenna element includes an element feeder (not shown in the figure) and a plurality of radiation elements (not shown in the figure) located in the same layer; each of the radiation elements is distributed on both sides of the element feeder and is electromagnetically coupled to the element feeder for transmitting or receiving radio frequency signals; wherein, the plurality of radiation elements are staggered on both sides of the element feeder, and each of the radiation elements includes a coupling feeder (not shown in the figure) and a radiation patch (not shown in the figure) that are physically connected to each other; each of the coupling feeders is parallel to the element feeder, and the distance between the coupling feeder and the element feeder is greater than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna element; on both sides of the element feeder, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation patches in the extending direction of the element feeder is an integral multiple of the half wavelength; the half wavelength is half of the wavelength of the radio frequency signal in the antenna element at the operating frequency; and an electromagnetic bandgap structure 42 is provided between any two adjacent antennas.

[0116] In summary, in the present application, by providing at least two antennas, each antenna includes at least one antenna element as described above, and in the above-mentioned antenna element, the element feeder and a plurality of radiation elements are placed on the same layer. The plurality of radiation elements are distributed on both sides of the element feeder, and the feeding is performed by means of spatial electromagnetic coupling, so that a large impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth can be achieved in a simple structure; at the same time, each of the radiation elements includes a coupling feeder and a radiation patch that are physically connected to each other; based on the current process, the distance between the coupling feeder and the element feeder in the radiation element and the distance between adjacent radiation patches are reasonably set; finally, by providing an electromagnetic bandgap structure between any two adjacent antennas, the isolation between the two adjacent antennas can be achieved, and the electromagnetic interference between them can be avoided.

[0117] Optionally, the electromagnetic bandgap structures mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may all be capacitive electromagnetic bandgap structures. The capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure may have a bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region provided around the bandgap isolation region, and the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure may include a peripheral metal sheet, an interdigital structure, a capacitive structure, etc. That is, the interdigital structure can be used to form a capacitor in the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure, thereby realizing the isolation of electromagnetic signals of a preset frequency.

[0118] For example, the above-mentioned peripheral metal sheet can be arranged in the peripheral metal area, and the interdigital structure can include a first interdigital unit and a second interdigital unit. The first interdigital unit can be nested in the second interdigital unit to form a capacitive structure. At the same time, the interdigital structure can be connected to the peripheral metal sheet through the first interdigital unit, and the inductive structure (such as a non-linear line segment structure) can be connected to the second interdigital unit to form a series inductive-capacitive structure. That is, the interdigital structure can provide the capacitance of the capacitive electromagnetic bandgap structure, and the inductive structure can provide an inductor in series with the above capacitance; and the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can isolate electromagnetic signals of a preset frequency according to the above capacitance and inductance.

[0119] In an alternative embodiment, to facilitate the flexible arrangement of each device and increase the density of device distribution, the shape of the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can be set to a square, a circle, an ellipse or other shapes based on actual needs, so that the overall layout of the antenna is more compact.

[0120] In another alternative embodiment, the first interdigital unit in the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a strip-shaped protrusion, and the second interdigital unit can include a U-shaped recess. One end of the strip-shaped protrusion is connected to the peripheral metal sheet, and the other end of the strip-shaped protrusion, as a free end, can be inserted into the blank area of the U-shaped recess to form a capacitive structure. For example, the second interdigital unit can be a U-shaped recess formed by two parallel strip-shaped structures, and the strip-shaped protrusion is located between the two parallel strip-shaped structures.

[0121] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a capacitive electromagnetic isolation structure in an alternative embodiment. As Figure 8 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 20 Figure 20 shown, in an alternative embodiment, the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can have an elliptical bandgap isolation area (i.e., the elliptical area shown in the figure) and a peripheral metal area arranged around the elliptical bandgap isolation area. The capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a peripheral metal sheet 50 arranged in the peripheral metal area, four interdigital structures AA and four arc-shaped inductive units 53. The four interdigital structures AA include two first interdigital structures (i.e., the structures enclosed by the dotted lines in the figure) and two second interdigital structures (i.e., the structures formed by three straight line segments in the figure). The two first interdigital structures are symmetrically distributed on the long axis of the elliptical bandgap isolation area, and the two second interdigital structures can be symmetrically distributed on the short axis of the elliptical bandgap isolation area. Adjacent interdigital structures AA can be electrically connected through an arc-shaped inductive unit 53. Among them, the above-mentioned interdigital structure AA and the arc-shaped inductive unit 53 are alternately electrically connected to isolate radio frequency signals of a preset frequency (such as millimeter wave signals) emitted by at least two radio frequency components symmetrically distributed on both sides of the electromagnetic bandgap structure.

[0122] Optionally, the first interdigital structure may include a first strip-shaped protrusion (i.e., the horizontal one shown in the figure) and a U-shaped depression 54, with one end of the first strip-shaped protrusion connected to the peripheral metal sheet 50 and the other end inserted into the U-shaped depression 54; and the second interdigital structure includes a second strip-shaped protrusion 52 and two parallel strip-shaped structures 51; one end of the second strip-shaped protrusion is connected to the peripheral metal sheet 50 and the other end is inserted into the region between the two strip-shaped structures 51; wherein, both ends of the U-shaped depression 54 are each connected to one of the strip-shaped structures 51 in the second interdigital structure through an arc-shaped inductance unit 53 to form a series inductance-capacitance structure.

[0123] Optionally, increasing the length of the strip-shaped protrusion or decreasing the distance between the interdigital structures AA can effectively increase the capacitance of the electromagnetic bandgap structure; increasing the length of the arc-shaped inductance unit 53 can effectively increase the inductance of the bandgap structure; under certain capacitance and inductance conditions, a filtering circuit for a specific frequency can be formed. On the other hand, increasing the size of the ellipse (i.e., keeping the length of the strip-shaped protrusion in the interdigital structure unchanged) can reduce the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic bandgap structure, thereby filtering out lower-frequency RF coupling signals; conversely, decreasing the size of the ellipse (i.e., keeping the length of the strip-shaped protrusion in the interdigital structure unchanged) can increase the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic bandgap structure, thereby filtering out higher-frequency RF coupling signals.

[0124] It should be noted that by adjusting the lengths of the U-shaped depression, the first strip-shaped protrusion, and the second strip-shaped protrusion, the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic bandgap structure provided in the embodiment of the present application can be adjusted. For the principle of achieving the effect of filtering electromagnetic waves of a specified frequency, reference can be made to the traditional relevant principles, which will not be introduced in detail here.

[0125] For the above technical solutions, on the one hand, the lengths of the first interdigital unit and the second interdigital unit are controllable, and thus the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic bandgap structure can be flexibly adjusted to achieve the effect of filtering RF coupling signals of a specified frequency and reducing interference between channels; on the other hand, the interdigital structure provides capacitance. Therefore, compared with the traditional electromagnetic bandgap structure, the interdigital structure in this embodiment does not require a backplane to provide capacitance, nor does it require multiple units to be arranged periodically to provide coupling capacitance, and the interdigital structure has no special requirements for the metal reference plane located below it. This electromagnetic gap structure can achieve the performance of a single unit working and is suitable for systems with compact space.

[0126] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application further provides a radar system, which may include a processor (not shown in the figure) and the array antenna described in any of the foregoing embodiments; wherein, the processor transmits and receives radio frequency signals through the array antenna to output communication data, assisted driving data, security inspection imaging data, and / or human vital sign parameter data. Since the radio frequency signals transmitted and received by the foregoing array antenna are millimeter wave signals, the radio frequency signals in this specific embodiment are correspondingly millimeter wave signals; accordingly, the processor in this specific embodiment may be selected as a radar chip or a radar die; specifically, when the processor is the radar die, the array antenna may be integrated on the radar die, thereby reducing the overall size of the system; or, when the processor is the radar die, the array antenna may be integrated in or on the package structure of the radar chip, which can also reduce the overall size of the system.

[0127] In summary, by adopting the foregoing array antenna, setting at least one antenna, and each antenna includes at least one antenna unit, the antenna unit is arranged by setting the unit feeder and several radiation units on the same layer, the several radiation units are arranged on both sides of the unit feeder, and the feeding is performed by using the spatial electromagnetic coupling method, it is possible to achieve a large impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth in a simple structure. Especially when applied to radar systems, communication devices, etc., the communication data, assisted driving data, security inspection imaging data, and / or human vital sign parameter data output after being processed by the processor can be more accurate.

[0128] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0129] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that, The antenna unit includes a unit feeder and a plurality of radiating units located in the same layer; each of the radiating units is distributed on both sides of the unit feeder and is electromagnetically coupled to the unit feeder for transmitting and / or receiving radio frequency signals; each of the radiating units includes a coupled feeder and a radiating plate that are physically connected to each other; The spacing between each of the radiating units and the unit feeder is greater than or equal to a critical dimension of a process for manufacturing the antenna unit, and On the same side of the unit feeder, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation units is an even multiple of half a wavelength; the half wavelength is half a wavelength of the radio frequency signal when it is transmitted in the unit feeder at the operating frequency.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of radiation units are staggered or symmetrically distributed on both sides of the unit feeder; Each of the coupling feed lines is parallel to the unit feed line, and the spacing between the coupling feed lines and the unit feed line is greater than or equal to the critical dimension; the radiation sheet extends perpendicular to the extension direction of the coupling feed line; and On both sides of the unit feed line, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation plates along the extending direction of the unit feed line is an odd number of times the half wavelength.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, In an extension direction perpendicular to the unit feed line, the length of the radiation plate is an integer multiple of the half wavelength.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The polarization direction of the radiation plate is perpendicular to the extension direction of the unit feed line.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The plurality of radiation units are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the unit feeder, and each radiation unit is a radiation sheet; The distance between each of the radiation sheets and the unit feed line is greater than or equal to the critical dimension, and On the same side of the unit feed line, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation plates along the extending direction of the unit feed line is an even multiple of the half wavelength.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein The antenna unit has at least two unit areas, and the unit areas are arranged in sequence in the extension direction of the unit feed line; Wherein, in any of the unit areas, at least one of the radiation units is distributed on both sides of the unit feeder, and the radiation units located in the same unit area have the same size; and The radiation units located in different unit areas have different sizes.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein The unit feeder is a line segment or a curve segment.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 7, wherein The curved segments include C-shaped curved segments and S-shaped curved segments.

9. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes a dielectric substrate and a reference ground layer covering a surface of one side of the dielectric substrate; The unit feeder and each of the radiation units are arranged on a surface of the dielectric substrate facing away from the reference ground layer.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 9, characterized in that, The unit feed line has an end and a connection end connected to the radio frequency signal transceiver unit; the antenna unit also includes a metal via; Wherein, the end of the unit feeder is short-circuited with the reference ground layer through the metal via.

11. An array antenna, characterized in that, including at least one antenna; Wherein, each antenna comprises at least one antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10; and When any one of the antennas includes at least two antenna units according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the antenna units are connected in parallel.

12. The array antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that, Also included is an electromagnetic bandgap structure disposed between any two adjacent antennas; Wherein, the electromagnetic band gap structure is a capacitive interdigital electromagnetic band gap structure.

13. The array antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that, The capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure has a bandgap isolation region and a peripheral metal region disposed around the bandgap isolation region. The capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure includes: Peripheral metal sheets, disposed in the peripheral metal region; An interdigital structure, including a first interdigital unit and a second interdigital unit; the first interdigital unit is nested within the second interdigital unit; the interdigital structure is connected to the peripheral metal sheets through the first interdigital unit; and An inductance structure, connected to the second interdigital unit; Wherein, the interdigital structure is configured to provide capacitance for the capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure, and the inductance structure is configured to provide an inductance in series with the capacitance; and The capacitive interdigital electromagnetic bandgap structure can be used to isolate electromagnetic signals of a preset frequency according to the capacitance and the inductance.

14. An array antenna, characterized in that, Including at least two antennas; each antenna includes at least one antenna unit; the antenna unit includes a unit feeder and a plurality of radiation units located in the same layer; each of the radiation units is distributed on both sides of the unit feeder and is electromagnetically coupled to the unit feeder for transmitting and / or receiving radio frequency signals; Wherein, the plurality of radiation units are staggered and distributed on both sides of the unit feeder, and each of the radiation units includes a coupling feeder and a radiation patch that are physically connected to each other; Each of the coupling feeders is parallel to the unit feeder, and the distance between each of the coupling feeders and the unit feeder is greater than or equal to the critical dimension of the process for manufacturing the antenna unit, and the radiation patch extends perpendicular to the extending direction of the coupling feeder; On both sides of the unit feeder, the distance between the centers of adjacent radiation patches in the extending direction of the unit feeder is an integer multiple of the half-wavelength; the half-wavelength is half of the wavelength of the radio frequency signal in the antenna unit at the operating frequency.

15. A radar system, characterized in that, Including: A processor, and The array antenna according to any one of claims 11-14; Wherein, the processor transmits and receives radio frequency signals through the array antenna to output communication data, assisted driving data, security inspection imaging data, and / or human vital sign parameter data.

16. The radar system according to claim 15, wherein, The processor and the array antenna are integrated in the same chip structure to form an AiP radar chip.

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