Display panel, 3D display device using the same, and 3D head-up display device

Abstract

A display panel, a 3D display device and a 3D head-up display device using the display panel are provided. The display panel includes a plurality of pixels and a plurality of spacers configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels in the display panel. Based on a pattern determined according to the plurality of spacers, the pixels are uniformly arranged in the display panel, and a frequency corresponding to a repetition interval of the pattern is not included in a user's cognitive frequency band.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 741,887 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on October 5, 2018 and claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0011177 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on January 29, 2019, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] Methods and apparatuses consistent with example embodiments relate to a display panel, and a three-dimensional (3D) display device and a 3D HUD device using the same. Background Art

[0003] When two patterns repeated at a desired interval overlap, a pattern with a new repetition interval is generated due to interference between the patterns. Such a pattern is called moiré. Generally, a three-dimensional (3D) display can be manufactured by placing a lens on a display panel. Due to the pixels uniformly arranged on the display panel and the lenses uniformly arranged on the pixels, moiré will appear. Moiré will cause the quality of the 3D image to deteriorate. Specifically, the striped pattern caused by moiré when the display panel is applied to a 3D head-up display (HUD) will interfere with driving. Summary of the invention

[0004] One or more exemplary embodiments may address at least the above problems and / or disadvantages and other disadvantages not described above. Also, an exemplary embodiment is not required to overcome the disadvantages described above, and an exemplary embodiment may not overcome any of the problems described above.

[0005] According to an aspect of one or more example embodiments, there is provided a display panel including a plurality of pixels and a plurality of spacers configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels in the display panel. Based on a pattern determined according to the spacers, the pixels are uniformly arranged in the display panel, and a frequency corresponding to a repetition interval of the pattern is not included in a user's cognitive band.

[0006] The pattern may include at least one pixel, and a structure of sub-pixels included in the at least one pixel may be determined based on a placement space of a corresponding spacer in the display panel.

[0007] The pixels may be of the same shape.

[0008] The shape of each pixel may be determined based on a pattern by a combination of a plurality of sub-pixels included in a single pixel, and in the display panel, each pixel may have the same pattern.

[0009] The structure of sub-pixels included in the pattern may be determined based on a placement space maintained regardless of whether a spacer is actually provided.

[0010] At least some of the sub-pixels included in the pattern may have a size different from that of the remaining pixels to ensure the placement space.

[0011] The structure of the sub-pixels may be determined based on a combination of shapes, sizes, and inclinations of the sub-pixels included in the pattern.

[0012] The repetition interval of the pattern may include at least one of a first interval at which the pattern is repeated in a horizontal direction, a second interval at which the pattern is repeated in a vertical direction, and a third interval at which the pattern is repeated in a direction corresponding to a combination of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

[0013] The pixels may include liquid crystal.

[0014] According to an aspect of at least one example embodiment, there is provided a three-dimensional (3D) display device, the 3D display device comprising: a display panel including a plurality of pixels and a plurality of spacers configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels; and an optical layer configured to control a direction of light incident from the display panel. Based on a pattern determined according to the plurality of spacers, pixels are uniformly arranged in the display panel, and a frequency corresponding to a repetition interval of the pattern is not included in a user's cognitive band.

[0015] The pattern may include at least one pixel, and a structure of sub-pixels included in the at least one pixel may be determined based on a placement space of a corresponding spacer in the display panel.

[0016] The pixels may be of the same shape.

[0017] The shape of each pixel may be determined based on a pattern by a combination of a plurality of sub-pixels included in a single pixel, and in the display panel, each pixel may have the same pattern.

[0018] The structure of sub-pixels included in the pattern may be determined based on a placement space maintained regardless of whether a spacer is actually provided.

[0019] At least some of the sub-pixels included in the pattern may have a size different from that of the remaining pixels to ensure the placement space.

[0020] The structure of the sub-pixels may be determined based on a combination of shapes, sizes, and inclinations of the sub-pixels included in the pattern.

[0021] The repetition interval of the pattern may include at least one of a first interval at which the pattern is repeated in a horizontal direction, a second interval at which the pattern is repeated in a vertical direction, and a third interval at which the pattern is repeated in a direction corresponding to a combination of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

[0022] According to an aspect of at least one example embodiment, a 3D head-up display (HUD) device is provided, the 3D HUD device comprising: a display panel including a plurality of pixels and a plurality of spacers configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels; and an optical layer included in a windshield of a vehicle and configured to control a direction of light incident from the display panel; and at least one processor configured to generate a panel image displayed on the display panel based on positions of both eyes of a user to provide a 3D image to the user through the optical layer. Based on a pattern determined according to the plurality of spacers, pixels are uniformly arranged in the display panel, and a frequency corresponding to a repetition interval of the pattern is not included in a cognitive frequency band of the user.

[0023] The pattern may include at least one pixel, and a structure of sub-pixels included in the at least one pixel may be determined based on a placement space of a corresponding spacer in the display panel.

[0024] The structure of sub-pixels included in the pattern may be determined based on a placement space maintained regardless of whether a spacer is actually provided.

[0025] At least some of the sub-pixels included in the pattern may have a size different from that of the remaining pixels to ensure the placement space.

[0026] The structure of the sub-pixels may be determined based on a combination of shapes, sizes, and inclinations of the sub-pixels included in the pattern.

[0027] The repetition interval of the pattern may include at least one of a first interval at which the pattern is repeated in a horizontal direction, a second interval at which the pattern is repeated in a vertical direction, and a third interval at which the pattern is repeated in a direction corresponding to a combination of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The above and / or other aspects will become more apparent by describing certain example embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0029] Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C An example of describing moiré occurring on a display panel in a pixel structure of a general dual-domain display is shown;

[0030] Figure 2A and Figure 2BAn example of a pixel structure of a single-domain display panel and a frequency image corresponding to the pixel structure according to an example embodiment is shown;

[0031] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C An example of a display panel including pixels in different patterns is shown according to a description of example embodiments;

[0032] Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 4C An example of a display panel including pixels in the same pattern according to a description of example embodiments is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a simulation method of a three-dimensional (3D) display device according to an example embodiment;

[0034] Figure 6 An example of describing the structure and operation of a 3D head-up display (HUD) device according to an example embodiment is shown; and

[0035] Fig. 7A , Figure 7B and Figure 7C An example of a cause of occurrence of moire to be solved according to the description of the example embodiment is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Reference will now be made in detail to example embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. Example embodiments are described below to explain the present disclosure by referring to the drawings.

[0037] The following structural or functional description is an example for describing the exemplary embodiment, and the scope of the exemplary embodiment is not limited to the description provided in this specification. Various changes and modifications may be made thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0038] Although the terms "first" or "second" are used to explain various components, the components are not limited to these terms. These terms should only be used to distinguish one component from another. For example, within the scope of the rights according to the concept of the present disclosure, a "first" component may be referred to as a "second" component, or similarly, a "second" component may be referred to as a "first" component.

[0039] It will be understood that when a component is referred to as being “connected to” another component, the component may be directly connected or coupled to the other component or intervening components may be present.

[0040] Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, as used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. When used in this specification, the terms "comprise" and / or "include" indicate the presence of the described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined herein, all terms (including technical or scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in general dictionaries may be interpreted as having a meaning that matches the contextual meaning in the relevant field and should not be interpreted as an ideal or overly formal meaning.

[0042] The following example embodiments may be applied to identifying users, to displaying routes in augmented reality (AR) systems such as smart vehicles, or to generating visual information for assisting steering of autonomous vehicles. In addition, the example embodiments may be applied to tracking visual information and assisting safe and pleasant driving in devices including intelligent systems (e.g., heads-up displays (HUDs) installed for driving assistance or fully autonomous driving of vehicles). The example embodiments may be applied to, for example, smart phones, mobile devices, navigation devices, autonomous vehicles, and smart vehicles. The same reference numerals shown in the accompanying drawings represent the same elements.

[0043] Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C An example of moiré occurring on a display panel in a pixel structure of a typical dual-domain display is shown. In detail, Figure 1A shows an example of a pixel structure of a dual-domain display, Figure 1B Shows the corresponding Figure 1A An example of a frequency image of the pixel structure of Figure 1C Shows the response to Figure 1A An example of moiré that occurs when a pixel structure is used to manufacture a three-dimensional (3D) display.

[0044] Reference Figure 1A, a 3D display device can be manufactured by overlapping lenses on a display panel including pixels. Here, interference may occur due to the pixels and lenses being uniformly (or periodically) placed on the display panel. That is, interference may occur due to the lenses being uniformly placed on a single display panel on which pixels are uniformly placed. When the frequency of the moiré that occurs due to interference is in a low-frequency domain, the user may recognize the moiré as stripes. Generally, the human eye cannot recognize patterns with a frequency greater than or equal to 60 cycles / degree, but can recognize patterns with a frequency less than 60 cycles / degree. Frequencies less than 60 cycles / degree may correspond to cognitive bands or visibility circles. Refer to Figure 1B , the portion indicated by a circle with a solid line represents the boundary of the frequency of 60 cycles / degree, and may be referred to as a cognitive frequency boundary. Here, the frequencies included in the cognitive frequency boundary (i.e., the frequencies less than 60 cycles / degree) may be referred to as moiré frequencies. The periodic interference pattern that appears due to the moiré in the moiré frequencies may be recognized by the user's eyes as Figure 1C Moire is a factor that degrades the quality of 3D images and needs to be reduced or removed.

[0045] Generally, the cause of moire can be easily analyzed in the frequency domain rather than in the spatial domain. Therefore, the presence or absence of moire can be verified from the image transformed into the frequency domain. In addition, although moire generally defines a newly generated periodic pattern regardless of whether it is visible to the user's eyes, for clarity of description, a periodic pattern viewed by the user's eyes is defined as moire. The term "periodic pattern" used herein means a pattern that repeats at a desired interval.

[0046] exist Figure 1A In a dual-domain display, pixels of odd-numbered rows are tilted toward one of the left and right sides, and pixels of even-numbered rows are tilted toward the other of the left and right sides. A pixel structure in which the pattern of pixels of odd-numbered rows and the pattern of pixels of even-numbered rows are different may be referred to as a dual-domain structure. In the dual-domain structure, compared with a single-domain structure, the pixel pattern repetition interval increases due to the difference between the shapes of the upper and lower pixels, and since the frequency is inversely proportional to the pattern repetition interval, the frequency may be correspondingly reduced and generated in the low-frequency domain. The overlap between the low frequency and the double convex lens may increase the probability of moire occurrence.

[0047] In one example, it is feasible to remove moiré from the cognitive band by changing the period of moiré through a modification in the pixel structure to reduce the pixel pattern repetition interval. For example, a dual-domain structure can be used to increase the viewing angle of a display. However, in the case of a device having a relatively small viewing angle compared to a typical display (such as a head-up display (HUD) device), a dual-domain structure for increasing the viewing angle may not be required. Therefore, moiré can be removed from the cognitive band by changing the pixel structure of the dual domain using the pixel structure of the single domain and thereby changing the period of the moiré.

[0048] Figure 2A and Figure 2B An example of a pixel structure of a single-domain display panel and a frequency image corresponding to the pixel structure according to example embodiments is shown. Figure 2A An example of a 3D display device 250 configured to output light of a pixel 211 in a specific direction by placing an optical layer 230 on a display panel 210 is shown. Figure 2B An example of an image in the frequency domain when the optical layer 230 is attached to the display panel 210 is shown.

[0049] For example, the display panel 210 may be a single-domain display panel on which pixels in even-numbered rows and pixels in odd-numbered rows have the same pattern. Each pixel 211 may include a plurality of sub-pixels, for example, a red (R) sub-pixel 211-1, a green (G) sub-pixel 211-2, and a blue (B) sub-pixel 211-3. In a single-domain display panel, all pixels 211 may have the same shape, the same size, and the same inclination. Figure 2B , when the 3D display device 250 is manufactured using a single-domain pixel structure, no moire appears in the cognitive band.

[0050] The optical layer 230 may be a lenticular lens or a fence having periodic characteristics. For example, the optical layer 230 may be a lenticular lens in a vertically elongated shape such as a semi-cylindrical lens. The optical layer 230 may control the direction of light incident from the display panel 210.

[0051] Typically, to maintain panel thickness, spacers (see Figure 3A ) may be disposed between the pixels 211. By the difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure of the display panel 210, a spacer may be disposed between the pixels 211 to support the load. The shapes of some pixels 211 or some sub-pixels in the corresponding pixels 211 may be changed due to the spacer. Due to the different pixel shapes, the pixel pattern repetition interval may increase, which may cause moiré in the cognitive band. In the following, reference is made to Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C Describe the moiré that occurs due to the spacer and refer to Figure 4A , 4B and 4C describes the removal of Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The moiré method occurs due to the pixel structure of the display panel 210. The spacer may exist in the display panel 210.

[0052] Figure 3A An example of a display panel including pixels in different patterns according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. In detail, Figure 3A An example of a display panel 310 including a spacer 311 and pixels 313 is shown. The shape of the pixels 313 included in the display panel 310 may be changed due to the spacer 311. For example, due to the spacer 311, the shapes of the R sub-pixels, G sub-pixels, and B sub-pixels included in each pixel 313 may be different from each other in odd rows and even rows. For example, the size of the R sub-pixel included in the pixel 313 in the odd row may be smaller than the size of the G sub-pixel and the B sub-pixel. In addition, the size of the R sub-pixel included in the pixel 313 in the even row may be smaller than the size of the B sub-pixel and the G sub-pixel. As described above with reference to Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C As described, in response to modifying the shape and / or size of a pixel or sub-pixel, low frequencies may be generated in the frequency domain and the generated low frequencies may cause moiré in the cognitive frequency band.

[0053] Reference Figure 3B , the 3D display device 330 includes a display panel 310 and an optical layer 320 . The display panel 310 may include a plurality of pixels 313 and a plurality of spacers 311 configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels 313 .

[0054] Figure 3C Shows that when using Figure 3A An example of moiré that occurs in the recognition band when manufacturing the 3D display device 330 using a display panel with a pixel structure. Figure 4A and Figure 4B The pixel structure is to solve such moiré that occurs due to the change in pixel shape due to the spacer 311.

[0055] Figure 4A and Figure 4B An example of a display panel including pixels in the same pattern according to a description of an example embodiment is shown. For example, Figure 4A An example of a display panel 410 including a spacer 411 and a pixel 413 is shown. The shape of the pixel 413 included in the display panel 410 may be changed due to the spacer 411.

[0056] According to an example embodiment, pixels 413 are uniformly arranged in the display panel 410 based on a pattern determined according to the spacer 411. Here, the pattern may be represented by the shape, size, and inclination of the R sub-pixel, the G sub-pixel, and the B sub-pixel included in a single pixel. For example, based on the determined pattern, each pixel 413 may have the same shape, size, and inclination in the even and odd rows of the display panel 410. Here, the pattern may refer to a pattern in which the R sub-pixel, the G sub-pixel, and the B sub-pixel included in a single pixel are arranged in a row, have the same inclination, and the size of the R sub-pixel and the B sub-pixel is smaller than the size of the G sub-pixel.

[0057] The pixels 413 may have the same shape. For example, the shapes of the pixels 413 corresponding to a single pattern formed by the R sub-pixel, the G sub-pixel, and the B sub-pixel may be identical to each other. In addition, the shape of the pixel 413 may be determined based on a pattern of a combination of a plurality of sub-pixels included in a single pixel, and each pixel 413 in the display panel 410 may have the same pattern. For example, the shapes, sizes, and inclinations of the R sub-pixels, the G sub-pixels, and the B sub-pixels respectively included in each pixel 413 may be identical.

[0058] like Figure 4A and Figure 4B As shown in , when the repetition interval of the pattern decreases, the frequency corresponding to the repetition interval of the pattern increases and may not be included in the cognitive band of the user (e.g., cognitive frequency boundary (60 cycles / degree)). The repetition interval of the pattern may include at least one of a first interval in which the pattern is repeated in the horizontal direction, a second interval in which the pattern is repeated in the vertical direction, and a third interval in which the pattern is repeated in a direction corresponding to a combination of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

[0059] The pattern may include at least one pixel 413, and the structure of the sub-pixels included in the pixel 413 may be determined based on the spacer placement space in the display panel 410. Specifically, the structure of the sub-pixels included in the pattern may be determined based on the spacer placement space maintained regardless of whether the spacer 411 is actually provided. For example, regardless of whether the spacer 411 is actually provided, the structure of the sub-pixels included in the pattern may be in a structure in which the placement space is empty at the upper end and / or lower end of the R sub-pixel and the upper end and / or lower end of the B sub-pixel where the spacer 411 may be provided.

[0060] That is, at least one of the sub-pixels included in the pattern may have a size different from that of the remaining sub-pixels to ensure placement space. For example, the pattern may include an R sub-pixel having a first size, a G sub-pixel having a second size larger than the first size, and a B sub-pixel having a first size. Alternatively, the pattern may include an R sub-pixel having a first size, a G sub-pixel having a second size smaller than the first size, and a B sub-pixel having a third size smaller than the first size and larger than the second size.

[0061] For example, a placement space of the spacer 411 may be prepared to be adjacent to the R sub-pixel and the B sub-pixel. In addition, the structure of the sub-pixels may be determined based on various combinations of shapes, sizes, and inclinations of the sub-pixels included in the pattern.

[0062] According to an example embodiment, the pixel repetition interval may be reduced by adjusting the size of sub-pixels in an area where the spacer 411 is not actually placed. As described above, as the pixel repetition interval decreases, the frequency increases, and thus, moire may be removed from the cognitive band.

[0063] Figure 4A The example in which the pixels 413 of the display panel 410 have the same shape is shown. Different from this, Figure 3A An example is shown in which the pixels 313 of the display panel 310 are in different shapes. Here, based on the interval at which the new pattern is repeated due to the pixels in different shapes, in addition to the pixel repetition interval, additional frequency components may be generated or exist. Here, the new pattern may be, for example, based on a pattern configured in units of n×m pixels, where n and m represent positive integers and at least one of n and m is 2 or greater. For example, when a lenticular lens is overlapped on a pixel structure having a new pattern, a new interference frequency may be generated in the frequency component due to the lenticular lens. The overlap of the lenticular lenses may represent a convolution effect in a frequency image. Therefore, as the frequency of the pixel repetition pattern becomes simpler, the interference frequency generated is smaller, which may reduce the probability that the interference frequency is included in the cognitive band.

[0064] Reference Figure 4B , the 3D display device 430 includes a display panel 410 and an optical layer 420 . The display panel 410 may include a plurality of pixels 413 and a plurality of spacers 411 configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels 413 .

[0065] Figure 4C Shows that Figure 4A An example of a frequency domain of a 3D display device 430 having a pixel structure. Figure 4C , there are no moiré frequencies in the cognitive frequency band.

[0066] Figure 5is a flowchart illustrating an example of a simulation method of a 3D display device according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 5 A process of performing simulation using a simulation device to prevent or reduce the occurrence of moire without directly attaching a lens according to example embodiments is described. Figure 5 In operation 510, the simulation device may generate a panel image to provide a 3D image to which optical characteristics are applied. Here, the 3D image may include a left image and a right image as images provided to both eyes of a user (e.g., a viewer). The 3D image may be an input image, such as augmented reality (AR) content. The panel image may be an image presented on a display panel of a 3D display device, and may be generated based on the position of the user's eyes and the direction information of light to provide the user with a 3D image. Figure 5 The simulation device can generate a white image in which all pixels are turned on as a panel image.

[0067] In operation 520, the simulation device may change the optical properties of the lenses of the 3D display device, for example, the spacing and / or the angle. In operation 530, the simulation device may generate an overlapping image by applying the optical properties changed in operation 520. The overlapping image may be understood as an image formed at both eyes of the user. For example, when a 3D image is provided from the 3D display device, the simulation device may capture the overlapping image.

[0068] In operation 540, the simulation device may transform the overlapping image into an image in the frequency domain. In operation 550, the simulation device may determine whether a moiré frequency included in the image in the frequency domain exists within the cognitive frequency band. For example, when the moiré frequency included in the image in the frequency domain is less than the cognitive frequency boundary (i.e., the moiré frequency included in the image in the frequency domain exists within the cognitive frequency band) in operation 550, the simulation device may change the optical characteristics of the lens of the display panel again in operation 520.

[0069] In contrast, when the moiré frequency included in the image in the frequency domain is determined not to exist within the cognitive band in operation 550 , the simulation apparatus may determine the corresponding optical characteristic as the optical characteristic of the lens in operation 560 .

[0070] Figure 6 An example of describing the structure and operation of a 3D HUD device according to an example embodiment is shown. Figure 6 , the 3D HUD device 600 may include a display panel 610 , a picture generating unit (PGU) 630 including a backlight unit (BLU) 620 , and an optical layer 640 .

[0071] The display panel 610 includes a plurality of pixels and a plurality of spacers configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels. The pixels are uniformly arranged in the display panel 610 based on a pattern determined according to the plurality of spacers, and a frequency corresponding to a repetition interval of the pattern is not included in a user's cognitive band. In one embodiment, the pixel may include liquid crystal. Figure 4A , 4B The description made with respect to the display panel 410 of FIG. 4C can be applied to the display panel 610 as it is, and further description is omitted here.

[0072] The BLU 620 may uniformly emit light behind the display panel 610 .

[0073] In order to provide the 3D image 650 to the user through the optical layer 640, the PGU 630 generates a panel image 660 displayed on the display panel 610 based on the position of the user's eyes. The PGU 630 may include at least one processor for implementing at least one of the above functions. In one embodiment, the optical layer 640 may be included in a windshield of a vehicle.

[0074] Fig. 7A , Figure 7B and Figure 7C A related example of a cause of occurrence of moire to be solved according to the description of the example embodiment is shown. Fig. 7A An example of representing an image displayed on a display panel in a spatial domain is shown, Figure 7C Shows the Fig. 7A An example of transforming the spatial domain of an image into the frequency domain. The overlap of two images can be interpreted as the convolution of two frequency transformed images in the frequency domain. 7A to 7C In the figure, x and y are two coordinate axes in the spatial domain, and u and v are two coordinate axes in the frequency domain.

[0075] Fig. 7A The image of can have ±f1 vectors in the frequency domain, and Figure 7B The image may have ±f2 vectors in the frequency domain. Here, ±f1 vectors and ±f2 vectors may represent periodic patterns of the respective images. The periodic pattern may appear as moiré in the image.

[0076] In addition to the ±f1 vector and ±f2 vector, Figure 7CThe image may also have an f1+f2 vector, a -f1-f2 vector, an f1-f2 vector, and an f2-f1 vector as convolutions of two vectors ±f1 and ±f2 in the frequency domain. The f1+f2 vector and the -f1-f2 vector may have a high frequency compared to the original image, and the f1-f2 vector and the f2-f1 vector may have a low frequency compared to the original image. Here, when the f1-f2 vector and the f2-f1 vector are present in the cognitive band, a stripe pattern may appear in a direction corresponding to the f1-f2 vector and the f2-f1 vector. The frequency vector may have a direction and an amplitude. The vector direction indicates the direction of the stripe pattern, and as the frequency of the moiré becomes lower, it can be well seen at the human eye. In addition, the frequency vector may have a pulse indicating the brightness level of the image.

[0077] The example embodiments described herein can be implemented using hardware components, software components, and / or combinations thereof. For example, the devices, methods, processing devices, and components described herein can be implemented using one or more general-purpose computers or special-purpose computers (such as, for example, processors, controllers, and arithmetic logic units (ALUs), digital signal processors, microcomputers, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic units (PLUs), microprocessors, or any other device capable of responding and executing instructions in a defined manner). The processing device can run an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications running on the OS. The processing device can also access, store, manipulate, process, and create data in response to the execution of software. For the purpose of simplification, the description of the processing device is used as a singular; however, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the processing device may include multiple processing elements and / or multiple types of processing elements. For example, the processing device may include multiple processors or a processor and a controller. In addition, different processing configurations (such as, parallel processors) are feasible.

[0078] The above exemplary embodiments are examples and are not to be construed as limiting. The present teachings can be easily applied to other types of devices. In addition, the description of the exemplary embodiments is intended to illustrate rather than limit the scope of the claims, and many substitutions, modifications and variations will be clear to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A display panel, the display panel include: a plurality of pixels, wherein red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and blue sub-pixels included in each of the plurality of pixels are arranged in a row, and sizes of the red sub-pixels and the blue sub-pixels are smaller than that of the green sub-pixel, wherein each of the plurality of pixels has the same shape, size, and inclination in even-numbered rows and odd-numbered rows of the display panel; and a plurality of spacers configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels in the display panel, wherein the plurality of pixels are uniformly arranged in the display panel based on a pattern determined according to the plurality of spacers, The plurality of pixels form a plurality of first placement spaces where the plurality of spacers are placed and a plurality of second placement spaces where the plurality of spacers are not placed, and the plurality of first placement spaces and the plurality of second placement spaces have the same shape, A first spacer among the plurality of spacers is placed in one of the plurality of first placement spaces at a first end of a blue sub-pixel of a first pixel among the plurality of pixels and a first end of a red sub-pixel of a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel among the plurality of pixels, One of the plurality of second placement spaces is formed at a first end of a blue sub-pixel of a third pixel among the plurality of pixels and a first end of a red sub-pixel of a fourth pixel adjacent to the third pixel among the plurality of pixels, and A plurality of lenses are evenly disposed on the plurality of pixels.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, in, In the display panel, each of the plurality of pixels has the same pattern.

3. The display panel according to claim 1, in, The repetition interval of the pattern includes at least one of a first interval at which the pattern is repeated in a horizontal direction, a second interval at which the pattern is repeated in a vertical direction, and a third interval at which the pattern is repeated in a direction corresponding to a combination of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

4. The display panel according to claim 1, in, The plurality of pixels include liquid crystal.

5. A three-dimensional display device, the three-dimensional display device include: A display panel, comprising a plurality of pixels and a plurality of spacers configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels, wherein red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and blue sub-pixels included in each of the plurality of pixels are arranged in a row, and the sizes of the red sub-pixels and the blue sub-pixels are smaller than the size of the green sub-pixels, wherein each of the plurality of pixels has the same shape, size, and inclination in even-numbered rows and odd-numbered rows of the display panel, wherein the plurality of pixels form a plurality of first placement spaces in which the plurality of spacers are placed and a plurality of second placement spaces in which the plurality of spacers are not placed, and the plurality of first placement spaces and the plurality of second placement spaces have the same shape, wherein a first spacer among the plurality of spacers is placed in one of the plurality of first placement spaces at a first end of a blue sub-pixel of a first pixel among the plurality of pixels and a first end of a red sub-pixel of a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel among the plurality of pixels, and one of the plurality of second placement spaces is formed at a first end of a blue sub-pixel of a third pixel among the plurality of pixels and a first end of a red sub-pixel of a fourth pixel adjacent to the third pixel among the plurality of pixels; and an optical layer configured to control a direction of light incident from the display panel and including a plurality of lenses uniformly disposed on the plurality of pixels, Wherein, based on a pattern determined according to the plurality of spacers, the plurality of pixels are uniformly arranged in the display panel.

6. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 5, in, In the display panel, each of the plurality of pixels has the same pattern.

7. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 5, in, The repetition interval of the pattern includes at least one of a first interval at which the pattern is repeated in a horizontal direction, a second interval at which the pattern is repeated in a vertical direction, and a third interval at which the pattern is repeated in a direction corresponding to a combination of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

8. A three-dimensional head-up display device, the three-dimensional head-up display device include: A display panel, comprising a plurality of pixels and a plurality of spacers configured to maintain spaces for the plurality of pixels, wherein red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels and blue sub-pixels included in each of the plurality of pixels are arranged in a row, and the sizes of the red sub-pixels and the blue sub-pixels are smaller than the size of the green sub-pixels, wherein each of the plurality of pixels has the same shape, size and inclination in even-numbered rows and odd-numbered rows of the display panel, wherein the plurality of pixels form a plurality of first placement spaces in which the plurality of spacers are placed and a plurality of second placement spaces in which the plurality of spacers are not placed, and the plurality of first placement spaces and the plurality of second placement spaces have the same shape, wherein a first spacer among the plurality of spacers is placed in one of the plurality of first placement spaces at a first end of a blue sub-pixel of a first pixel among the plurality of pixels and a first end of a red sub-pixel of a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel among the plurality of pixels, and one of the plurality of second placement spaces is formed at a first end of a blue sub-pixel of a third pixel among the plurality of pixels and a first end of a red sub-pixel of a fourth pixel adjacent to the third pixel among the plurality of pixels; an optical layer, included in a windshield of a vehicle, including a plurality of lenses uniformly disposed on the plurality of pixels and configured to control a direction of light incident from a display panel; and at least one processor configured to generate a panel image displayed on the display panel based on the positions of the user's eyes to provide a three-dimensional image to the user through the optical layer, Wherein, based on a pattern determined according to the plurality of spacers, the plurality of pixels are uniformly arranged in the display panel.

9. The three-dimensional head-up display device according to claim 8, in, The repetition interval of the pattern includes at least one of a first interval at which the pattern is repeated in a horizontal direction, a second interval at which the pattern is repeated in a vertical direction, and a third interval at which the pattern is repeated in a direction corresponding to a combination of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

10. A display panel, the display panel include: a plurality of pixels, each of the plurality of pixels comprising a plurality of sub-pixels, wherein red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and blue sub-pixels of the plurality of sub-pixels are arranged in rows, and sizes of the red sub-pixels and the blue sub-pixels are smaller than sizes of the green sub-pixels, wherein each of the plurality of pixels has the same shape, size, and inclination in even-numbered rows and odd-numbered rows of the display panel; and A plurality of placement spaces are arranged between the plurality of pixels, wherein the plurality of placement spaces include a plurality of first placement spaces in which the plurality of spacers are placed and a plurality of second placement spaces in which the plurality of spacers are not placed, and the plurality of first placement spaces and the plurality of second placement spaces have the same shape, wherein a first spacer is placed in a first placement space among the plurality of first placement spaces, wherein the first placement space is at a first end of a blue sub-pixel of a first pixel among the plurality of pixels and a first end of a red sub-pixel of a second pixel among the plurality of pixels adjacent to the first pixel, and one of the plurality of second placement spaces is formed at a first end of a blue sub-pixel of a third pixel among the plurality of pixels and a first end of a red sub-pixel of a fourth pixel among the plurality of pixels adjacent to the third pixel, Wherein, based on the patterns of the plurality of sub-pixels corresponding to the plurality of placement spaces, the plurality of pixels are uniformly arranged in the display panel, and a plurality of lenses are uniformly arranged on the plurality of pixels.

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