A measurement system and method

Abstract

An embodiment of the present application discloses a measurement system and method. The measurement system at least includes a segment assembly, and two adjacent segments in the segment assembly are connected; the system further includes an excitation device and a processing device; wherein, the excitation device is configured to generate an excitation load, and the excitation load can cause a first segment among two adjacent segments to generate a first displacement and generate a force at the connection joint of the two adjacent segments, and the force can cause a second segment among the two adjacent segments to generate a second displacement; the processing device is configured to obtain a first velocity of the first segment generated based on the excitation load and a second velocity of the second segment generated based on the force; based on the force, the first displacement, the second displacement, the first velocity, and the second velocity, stiffness parameters and damping parameters at the joint are obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to measurement technology, and in particular, to a measurement system and method. Background Art

[0002] In the current shield tunnel construction, the existing technology has been able to design the structure of tunnel segments in the static state and analyze the segment performance in the static state, such as the segment performance under the construction load during the construction period and the water and soil pressure during the normal use period.

[0003] In terms of the dynamic analysis of the seismic performance of segments, the existing segment seismic design methods and models include the seismic coefficient method, the Furtieva method, the Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART) method, the response displacement method, the interaction method, the segment length trial algorithm, the mass-spring model, etc. However, these methods and models all ignore the dynamic analysis of the joints between adjacent segments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the existing technical problems, the embodiments of this application provide a measurement system and method for obtaining the dynamic parameters of the joints between adjacent segments in a shield tunnel, and thus realizing the dynamic analysis.

[0005] The technical solution of the embodiments of this application is realized as follows:

[0006] The embodiments of this application provide a measurement system. The measurement system at least includes a segment assembly, and two adjacent segments in the segment assembly are connected; the system further includes an excitation device and a processing device; wherein,

[0007] The excitation device is used to generate an excitation load, and the excitation load can cause a first displacement of a first segment among two adjacent segments and generate a force at the connection joint of the two adjacent segments, and the force can cause a second displacement of a second segment among the two adjacent segments;

[0008] The processing device is used to obtain a first velocity of the first segment generated based on the excitation load and a second velocity of the second segment generated based on the force; based on the force, the first displacement, the second displacement, the first velocity, and the second velocity, obtain the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint.

[0009] In the above solution, the processing device is used to obtain a displacement difference based on the first displacement and the second displacement; obtain a velocity difference based on the first velocity and the second velocity;

[0010] Based on the force, the displacement difference, and the velocity difference, obtain the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint.

[0011] In the above solution, when the excitation load is the first excitation load, the excitation load can generate a normal force at the normal direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments; the first excitation load can cause the first segment to generate a first normal displacement, and the normal force can cause the second segment to generate a second normal displacement;

[0012] Correspondingly, the processing device is configured to obtain a normal displacement difference based on the first normal displacement and the second normal displacement; obtain a first normal velocity based on the first normal displacement, obtain a second normal velocity based on the second normal displacement; obtain a normal velocity difference based on the first normal velocity and the second normal velocity;

[0013] Based on the normal force, the normal displacement difference, and the normal velocity difference, obtain the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the normal direction at the joint.

[0014] In the above solution, when the excitation load is the second excitation load, the excitation load can generate a tangential force at the tangential direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments; the second excitation load can cause the first segment to generate a first tangential displacement, and the tangential force can cause the second segment to generate a second tangential displacement;

[0015] Correspondingly, the processing device is configured to obtain a tangential displacement difference based on the first tangential displacement and the second tangential displacement; obtain a first tangential velocity based on the first tangential displacement, obtain a second tangential velocity based on the second tangential displacement; obtain a tangential velocity difference based on the first tangential velocity and the second tangential velocity;

[0016] Based on the tangential force, the tangential displacement difference, and the tangential velocity difference, obtain the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the tangential direction at the joint.

[0017] In the above solution, when the excitation load is the first excitation load, it can cause the first segment to generate a normal acceleration;

[0018] The processing device is further configured to:

[0019] Obtain the mass and the normal acceleration of the first segment;

[0020] Based on the mass and the normal acceleration of the first segment, the normal force, and the first excitation load, establish a normal motion balance equation;

[0021] Based on the normal force, the normal displacement difference, the normal velocity difference, the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the normal direction to be solved at the joint, establish a dynamic calculation formula for the normal force at the joint;

[0022] Based on the normal force, establish a time history function of the normal force at the joint;

[0023] According to the seam normal force time history function and the seam normal force dynamics calculation formula, a normal binary linear equation system is obtained;

[0024] Based on the normal binary linear equation system and the normal motion balance equation, the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the normal direction are solved.

[0025] In the above solution, when the excitation load is the second excitation load, the first segment can generate a tangential acceleration;

[0026] The processing device is used for:

[0027] Obtain the moment of inertia, length and first distance of the first segment, where the first distance is the distance between the setting position of the actuator for generating the second excitation load when generating the second excitation load and the rotation axis of the first segment;

[0028] According to the tangential acceleration and the first distance, obtain the rotational angular velocity of the first segment;

[0029] According to the tangential force, the second excitation load, as well as the moment of inertia, length and rotational angular velocity of the first segment, establish a tangential rotational balance equation;

[0030] According to the tangential force, tangential displacement difference, tangential velocity difference and the stiffness parameter and damping parameter to be solved in the tangential direction, establish a seam tangential force dynamics calculation formula;

[0031] According to the tangential force, establish a seam tangential force time history function;

[0032] According to the seam tangential force time history function, tangential rotational balance equation and seam tangential force dynamics calculation formula, obtain a tangential binary linear equation system;

[0033] Based on the tangential binary linear equation system, obtain the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction at the seam.

[0034] In the above solution, the processing device is further used for:

[0035] The expression of the established normal motion balance equation is where m a is the mass of the first segment, is the normal acceleration of the first segment, f N is the normal force at the seam, f n is the first excitation load; among them, the first excitation load f n The expression of is ω is the set angular frequency, is the phase of the first excitation load, Fn is the peak value of the first excitation load;

[0036] The established time - history function of the normal force at the joint is where, is the phase of the normal force, F N is the peak value of the normal force;

[0037] The established dynamic calculation formula of the normal force at the joint is where, K n is the stiffness parameter of the normal direction to be solved, C n is the damping parameter of the normal direction to be solved, x a is the first normal displacement, x b is the second normal displacement, is the first normal velocity, is the second normal velocity, (x a - x b ) is the normal displacement difference, is the normal velocity difference; where, where, X a is the peak value of the first normal displacement, X b is the peak value of the second normal displacement;

[0038] The expression of the normal binary - linear equation set is

[0039]

[0040] Based on the normal binary - linear equation set and the normal motion balance equation, the solved stiffness parameter and damping parameter of the normal direction at the joint are:

[0041]

[0042] In the above - mentioned solution, the processing device is further used for:

[0043] The expression of the established tangential rotational balance equation is where, J ca is the moment of inertia of the centroid of the first segment relative to the rotation axis, is the tangential acceleration of the first segment, f τ is the tangential force at the joint, l a is the distance from the application point of the second excitation load to the rotation axis, L is the length of the first segment, f a is the second excitation load, and the expression is where, the ω is the set angular frequency of the second excitation load, is the phase of the second excitation load, F a is the peak value of the second excitation load;

[0044] The expression of the established time history function of the tangential force of the joint is where is the phase of the tangential force, and F τ is the peak value of the tangential force;

[0045] The expression of the established dynamic calculation formula of the tangential force of the joint is where K τ is the stiffness parameter of the tangential direction to be solved, C τ is the damping parameter of the tangential direction to be solved, y a is the first tangential displacement, y b is the second tangential displacement, is the first tangential velocity, is the second tangential velocity, (y a -y b ) is the tangential displacement difference, is the tangential velocity difference; where where Y a is the peak value of the first tangential displacement, Y b is the peak value of the second tangential displacement;

[0046] The expression of the tangential binary linear equation system is

[0047]

[0048] Based on the tangential binary linear equation system, the expressions of the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction at the joint are

[0049]

[0050] The embodiment of the present application also provides a measurement method, which is applied to a measurement system. The measurement system at least includes a segment assembly, and adjacent segments in the segment assembly are connected; the system also includes an excitation device and a processing device; the method includes:

[0051] Generate an excitation load through the excitation device. The excitation load generates a force at the connection joint of adjacent segments. The excitation load can cause the first segment among the adjacent segments to generate a first displacement, and the force can cause the second segment among the adjacent segments to generate a second displacement;

[0052] Obtain the first velocity generated by the first segment based on the excitation load and the second velocity generated by the second segment based on the force through the processing device; based on the force, the first displacement, the second displacement, the first velocity and the second velocity, obtain the stiffness parameter and damping parameter at the joint.

[0053] In the above solution, the processing device obtains a displacement difference based on the first displacement and the second displacement, and obtains a speed difference based on the first speed and the second speed.

[0054] Based on the acting force, the displacement difference, and the speed difference, the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint are obtained.

[0055] An embodiment of the present application provides a measurement system and method. The measurement system at least includes a segment assembly, and two adjacent segments in the segment assembly are connected. The system further includes an excitation device and a processing device. Among them, the excitation device is used to generate an excitation load. The excitation load generates an acting force at the connection joint of two adjacent segments, which can cause a first displacement of a first segment among the two adjacent segments, and the acting force can cause a second displacement of a second segment among the two adjacent segments. The processing device is used to obtain a first speed of the first segment generated based on the excitation load and a second speed of the second segment generated based on the acting force. Based on the acting force, the first displacement, the second displacement, the first speed, and the second speed, the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint are obtained. Through the above measurement system, the acquisition of the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter of the segment indirect joint is realized, so as to facilitate the analysis of the seismic performance of the segment indirect joint. Description of the Drawings

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings.

[0057] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 2 It is a top view of the segment assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 3 It is a schematic structure of a measurement system provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0060] Figure 4 It is a schematic structure of a measurement system provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0061] Figure 5 It is a mechanical schematic of a measurement system provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0062] Figure 6 Schematic structure of a measurement system provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0063] Figure 7 Mechanical schematic of a measurement system provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0064] Figure 8 Schematic flow chart of a measurement method provided by an embodiment of the present application. Specific embodiments

[0065] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer and more understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application. Without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0066] As Figure 1 shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a measurement system. The measurement system at least includes a segment assembly 101, and adjacent segments in the segment assembly are connected; the system further includes an excitation device 100 and a processing device 102;

[0067] It can be understood that the measurement object of the measurement system is the segment assembly 101, and specifically measures the dynamic parameters of the joint between two adjacent segments connected in the segment assembly 101. The dynamic parameters in the embodiments of the present application are the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint. In the embodiments of the present application, the excitation device 100 and the processing device 102 in the measurement system are used to measure the joint between two adjacent segments to obtain the dynamic parameters of the joint between two adjacent segments, so as to analyze the seismic performance of the joint between two adjacent segments. Among them,

[0068] In terms of function implementation,

[0069] the excitation device 100 is used to generate an excitation load. The excitation load generates a force at the connection joint of two adjacent segments. The excitation load can cause the first segment 101.1 in the two adjacent segments to generate a first displacement, and the force can cause the second segment 101.2 in the two adjacent segments to generate a second displacement;

[0070] It should be noted that in order to generate a force at the connection joint between two adjacent segments, the excitation device 100 applies a fluctuating force to the first segment 101.1 of the two adjacent segments, that is, the excitation load generated by the excitation device 100.

[0071] Specifically, the excitation load generated by the excitation device 100 is a harmonic displacement excitation, specifically a sine wave excitation load with a certain frequency, a certain phase, and a certain peak value. It is applied to the first segment 101.1 of the two adjacent segments and propagates along the application direction, generating a force at the connection joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2. The excitation load causes the first segment 101.1 to generate a first displacement at the connection joint, and the force causes the second segment 101.2 to generate a second displacement at the connection joint. It should be noted that various frequencies, phases, and peak values mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are all selected as appropriate values according to the requirements during actual application.

[0072] The processing device 102 is configured to obtain a first velocity of the first segment 101.1 generated based on the excitation load and a second velocity of the second segment 101.2 generated based on the force; and obtain a stiffness parameter and a damping parameter at the joint based on the force, the first displacement, the second displacement, the first velocity, and the second velocity.

[0073] Specifically, the manner in which the processing device 102 obtains the first velocity of the first segment 101.1 generated based on the excitation load and the second velocity of the second segment 101.2 generated based on the force can be to receive the first displacement generated by the first segment 101.1 at the connection joint and the second displacement generated by the second segment 101.2 at the connection joint, and obtain the first velocity by differentiating the first displacement and the second velocity by differentiating the second displacement; or, velocity sensors are respectively arranged on the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 to obtain the first velocity and the second velocity. Among them, the first displacement and the second displacement are respectively obtained by arranging dynamic displacement sensors on the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2.

[0074] In the above solution, the measurement system includes an excitation device 100, a segment assembly 101, and a processing device 102. The excitation device 100 applies an excitation load to the first segment 101.1 of two adjacent segments in the segment assembly 101, generating a force at the connection joint, causing the first segment 101.1 to generate a first displacement at the joint based on the excitation load, and the second segment 101.2 to generate a second displacement at the joint based on the force. The processing device 102 processes the first displacement and the second displacement to obtain a first velocity and a second velocity, and then obtains a stiffness parameter and a damping parameter based on the force, the first displacement, the second displacement, the first velocity, and the second velocity. The seismic performance of the adjacent segment joint can be obtained according to the analysis of the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter.

[0075] After obtaining the first displacement, the second displacement, the first velocity, and the second velocity,

[0076] The processing device 102 is configured to obtain a displacement difference based on the first displacement and the second displacement; and obtain a velocity difference based on the first velocity and the second velocity.

[0077] Here, the displacement difference is the difference between the first displacement and the second displacement, and the velocity difference is the difference between the first velocity and the second velocity.

[0078] Based on the force, the displacement difference, and the velocity difference, obtain the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint.

[0079] Here, the product of the stiffness parameter and the displacement difference, plus the product of the damping parameter and the velocity difference, is equal to the force.

[0080] In the above solution, based on the relationship satisfied by the force, the displacement difference, and the velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter to be measured at the joint, the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint are obtained.

[0081] According to the different positions where the excitation device 100 applies the excitation load to the first segment, the excitation load includes a first excitation load and a second excitation load, which are respectively used to measure the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the normal direction, and the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the tangential direction. In the embodiments of the present application, according to the different excitation loads generated by the excitation device 100 and the forces generated by the different excitation loads in the normal and tangential directions at the joint respectively, the measurement of the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the normal and tangential directions at the joint is realized, making the following solution more rigorous.

[0082] First, look at the measurement of the stiffness parameter in the normal direction and the damping parameter in the normal direction (for convenience of description, simply referred to as the normal stiffness parameter and the normal damping parameter):

[0083] When the excitation load is the first excitation load, the excitation load can generate a normal force at the normal direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments; the first excitation load can cause the first segment 101.1 to generate a first normal displacement, and the normal force can cause the second segment 101.2 to generate a second normal displacement;

[0084] Among them, the first excitation load is a harmonic displacement excitation, that is, a sine wave excitation load with a certain frequency, a certain phase, and a certain peak value. The normal force it generates at the normal direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments is also a sine wave excitation load, with the same frequency, not necessarily the same phase, and different peak values. The first excitation load causes the first segment 101.1 to generate a displacement in the normal direction at the joint, that is, the first normal displacement, and this normal force causes the second segment 101.2 to generate a displacement in the normal direction at the joint, that is, the second normal displacement; among them, the first normal displacement is a sine wave displacement signal with the same frequency and phase as the first excitation load, and the second normal displacement is a sine wave displacement signal with the same frequency and phase as the normal force.

[0085] By generating the first excitation load, loading the first excitation load on the first segment 101.1, and propagating along the normal direction of the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, a normal force is formed at the joint, imitating the normal vibration generated when the fluctuating force passes through the joint. Correspondingly, the processing device 102 is used to obtain the normal displacement difference based on the first normal displacement and the second normal displacement; obtain the first normal velocity based on the first normal displacement, and obtain the second normal velocity based on the second normal displacement; obtain the normal velocity difference based on the first normal velocity and the second normal velocity;

[0086] Specifically, the normal displacement difference is the difference between the first normal displacement and the second normal displacement, and the normal velocity difference is the difference between the first normal velocity and the second normal velocity; among them, the first normal displacement is obtained by installing a dynamic displacement sensor on the first segment 101.1, and the second normal displacement is obtained by installing a dynamic displacement sensor on the second segment 101.2; further, the first normal velocity can be obtained by differentiating the first normal displacement, or by installing a velocity sensor on the first segment 101.1; the second normal velocity can be obtained by differentiating the second normal displacement, or by measuring with a velocity sensor installed on the second segment 101.2;

[0087] Based on the normal force, the normal displacement difference, and the normal velocity difference, obtain the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the normal direction at the joint.

[0088] Here, the product of the normal stiffness parameter and the difference in normal displacement, plus the product of the normal damping parameter and the difference in normal velocity, equals the normal force. Based on this principle, by measuring the normal force, the difference in normal displacement, and the difference in normal velocity, the calculation relationship satisfied by the normal stiffness parameter and the normal damping parameter can be obtained.

[0089] In the above solution, by applying a first excitation load in the normal direction to the first segment 101.1, the normal force is generated at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, and then the difference in normal displacement and the difference in normal velocity at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 are obtained, so as to simulate the vibration formed between adjacent segment joints when the fluctuating force passes through the segment assembly 101. Among them, the physical meaning of the normal stiffness parameter at the joint is the anti-deformation ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint when the first excitation load is applied, and the physical meaning of the normal damping parameter at the joint is the absorption ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint to the first excitation load when the first excitation load is applied. Further, when the excitation load is the first excitation load, the normal force can cause the first segment 101.1 to generate a normal acceleration;

[0090] Among them, the normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1 can be measured by installing an acceleration sensor on the first segment 101.1, or obtained by taking the derivative of the first normal velocity;

[0091] The processing device 102 is further configured to:

[0092] Obtain the mass and normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1;

[0093] Based on the mass and normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1, the normal force, and the first excitation load, establish a normal motion balance equation;

[0094] Among them, the product of the mass and normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1 is the kinetic energy obtained by the first segment 101.1 under the action of the first excitation load, and the sum of it and the normal force is equal to the first excitation load, which reflects the energy conservation of the first segment 101.1 when the first excitation load is applied; based on this principle, the normal force can be obtained according to the energy conservation relationship of the mass and normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1, the normal force, and the first excitation load;

[0095] Therefore, the expression of the established normal motion balance equation is

[0096]

[0097] Among them, ma is the quality of the first segment, is the normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1, f N is the normal force, f n is the first excitation load; among them, the first excitation load f n The expression of ω is the set angular frequency, is the phase of the first excitation load, F n is the peak value of the first excitation load;

[0098] Based on the normal force, the normal displacement difference and the normal velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the normal direction to be solved, establish the dynamic calculation formula of the joint normal force;

[0099] Among them, calculate the product of the normal displacement difference and the stiffness parameter in the normal direction, and the product of the normal velocity difference and the damping parameter in the normal direction. The sum of the two is equal to the normal force; based on this principle, the relational equation satisfied by the normal force, the normal displacement difference and the normal velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the normal direction to be solved can be obtained.

[0100] Therefore, the established dynamic calculation formula of the joint normal force is

[0101]

[0102] Among them, K n is the stiffness parameter in the normal direction to be solved, C n is the damping parameter in the normal direction to be solved, x a is the first normal displacement, x b is the second normal displacement, is the first normal velocity, is the second normal velocity, (x a -x b ) is the normal displacement difference, is the normal velocity difference; among them, Among them, X a is the peak value of the first normal displacement, X b is the peak value of the second normal displacement;

[0103] According to the normal force, establish the time history function of the joint normal force;

[0104] Specifically, since the expression of the first excitation load f n is The normal force is a sine wave excitation load with the same frequency as the first excitation load and a different phase. The established time history function of the joint normal force is

[0105]

[0106] Among them, is the phase of the normal force, and F N is the peak value of the normal force;

[0107] According to Formula (2) and Formula (3), the following normal binary linear equations are obtained:

[0108]

[0109] In order to show how to eliminate the unknown quantity t in Formula (4), the specific derivation process is as follows. According to the fact that the normal force satisfies both Formula (1) and Formula (2), the following formula can be obtained:

[0110]

[0111] Obviously, it can be obtained that

[0112]

[0113] By eliminating sinωt and cosωt in this way, Formula (4) can be obtained;

[0114] Substitute Formula (1) into Formula (4), and use the matrix method to solve the binary linear equation, and the following can be obtained:

[0115]

[0116] In the measurement system in the above solution, by applying the first excitation load to the first segment 101.1, a normal force is generated at the connection joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2. Based on the obtained normal displacement difference, normal velocity difference, normal acceleration, and the mass of the first segment 101.1, three formulas are obtained, eliminating the influence of the time variable in the first excitation load on the calculation, obtaining the normal stiffness parameter and normal damping parameter at the segment joint, realizing the accurate measurement of the normal direction at the segment joint, and analyzing the seismic performance of the segment through the normal stiffness parameter and normal damping parameter to conduct a reasonable design of the segment.

[0117] Then, let's look at the measurement of the tangential stiffness parameter and tangential damping parameter (tangential stiffness parameter and tangential damping parameter):

[0118] When the excitation load is the second excitation load, the excitation load can generate a tangential force at the tangential direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments; the second excitation load can cause the first segment 101.1 to generate a first tangential displacement, and the tangential force can cause the second segment 101.2 to generate a second tangential displacement;

[0119] Among them, the second excitation load is a harmonic displacement excitation, that is, a sine wave excitation load with a certain frequency, a certain phase and a certain peak value. The tangential force generated at the tangential direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments is also a sine wave excitation load, which has the same frequency as it, not necessarily the same phase and different peak values. The second excitation load causes the first segment 101.1 to generate a tangential displacement at the joint, that is, the first tangential displacement, and this tangential force causes the second segment 101.2 to generate a tangential displacement at the joint, that is, the second tangential displacement; among them, the first tangential displacement is a sine wave displacement signal with the same frequency and phase as the first excitation load, and the second tangential displacement is a sine wave displacement signal with the same frequency and phase as the tangential force.

[0120] By generating the second excitation load, loading the second excitation load on the first segment 101.1, and propagating along the tangential direction of the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, a tangential force is formed at the joint, imitating the tangential vibration generated between adjacent segments when the fluctuating force passes through the joint.

[0121] Correspondingly, the processing device 102 is used to obtain the tangential displacement difference according to the first tangential displacement and the second tangential displacement; obtain the first tangential velocity according to the first tangential displacement, and obtain the second tangential velocity according to the second tangential displacement; obtain the tangential velocity difference according to the first tangential velocity and the second tangential velocity;

[0122] Specifically, the tangential displacement difference is the difference between the first tangential displacement and the second tangential displacement, and the tangential velocity difference is the difference between the first tangential velocity and the second tangential velocity; among them, the first tangential displacement is obtained by installing a dynamic displacement sensor on the first segment 101.1, and the second tangential displacement is obtained by installing a dynamic displacement sensor on the second segment 101.2; further, the first tangential velocity can be obtained by differentiating the first tangential displacement, or by installing a velocity sensor on the first segment 101.1; the second tangential velocity can be obtained by differentiating the second tangential displacement, or by installing a velocity sensor on the second segment 101.2;

[0123] According to the tangential force, the tangential displacement difference and the tangential velocity difference, obtain the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the tangential direction at the joint.

[0124] Specifically, the product of the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential displacement difference, plus the product of the tangential damping parameter and the tangential velocity difference, is equal to the tangential force. Based on this principle, by measuring the tangential force, the tangential displacement difference and the tangential velocity difference, the calculation relationship satisfied by the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential damping parameter can be obtained.

[0125] By applying a second excitation load in the tangential direction to the first segment 101.1, the tangential force is generated at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, and then the tangential displacement difference and tangential velocity difference at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 are obtained to simulate the vibration formed between adjacent segment joints when the fluctuating force passes through the segment assembly 101. Among them, the physical meaning of the normal stiffness parameter at the joint is the anti-deformation ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint when the second excitation load is applied, and the physical meaning of the tangential damping parameter at the joint is the absorption ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint to the second excitation load when the second excitation load is applied.

[0126] Further, in the case where the excitation load is the second excitation load, the tangential force can cause the first segment 101.1 to generate a tangential acceleration;

[0127] Among them, the tangential acceleration of the first segment 101.1 can be measured by installing an acceleration sensor on the first segment 101.1, or obtained by differentiating the first tangential velocity; the processing device is used for:

[0128] Obtain the moment of inertia, length and first distance of the first segment 101.1, where the first distance is the distance between the setting position of the actuator for generating the second excitation load when generating the second excitation load and the rotation axis of the first segment 101.1;

[0129] Obtain the rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1 based on the tangential acceleration and the first distance;

[0130] Among them, the rotational angular velocity is the angular velocity in the tangential direction that the tangential force acts on the first segment 101.1 to make the first segment 101.1 have. Calculate the ratio of the tangential acceleration of the first segment 101.1 to the length of the first segment 101.1 to obtain the rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1;

[0131] Establish a tangential rotational equilibrium equation based on the tangential force, the second excitation load, and the moment of inertia, length and rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1;

[0132] Specifically, calculate the product of the second excitation load and the first distance, and the product of the tangential force and the length of the first segment 101.1. The sum of these two is equal to the rotational kinetic energy of the first segment 101.1, that is, the product of the moment of inertia of the first segment 101.1 and its angular velocity of rotation, which reflects the conservation of energy of the first segment 101.1 when the second excitation load is applied; based on this principle, the normal force can be obtained according to the energy conservation relationship of the second excitation load, the moment of inertia, length, and angular velocity of rotation of the first segment 101.1, and the normal force.

[0133] Therefore, the expression of the established tangential rotation balance equation is

[0134]

[0135] Among them, J ca is the moment of inertia of the centroid of the first segment 101.1 relative to the rotation axis, is the tangential acceleration of the first segment, f τ is the tangential force, l a is the distance from the application point of the second excitation load to the rotation axis, L is the length of the first segment 101.1, f a is the second excitation load, and the expression is Among them, ω is the angular frequency of the set second excitation load, is the phase of the second excitation load, F a is the peak value of the second excitation load;

[0136] Based on the tangential force, tangential displacement difference, tangential velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction to be solved, establish the dynamic calculation formula for the tangential force of the joint.

[0137] Among them, calculate the product of the tangential displacement difference and the stiffness parameter in the tangential direction, and the product of the tangential velocity difference and the damping parameter in the tangential direction. The sum of the two is equal to the tangential force; based on this principle, the relationship equation satisfied by the tangential force, tangential displacement difference, normal velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction to be solved can be obtained.

[0138] Therefore, the expression of the established dynamic calculation formula for the tangential force of the joint is

[0139]

[0140] Among them, K τ is the stiffness parameter in the tangential direction to be solved, C τ is the damping parameter in the tangential direction to be solved, y a is the first tangential displacement, y b is the second tangential displacement, is the first tangential velocity, is the second tangential velocity, (y a -y b ) is the tangential displacement difference, is the tangential velocity difference; wherein, wherein, Y a is the peak value of the first tangential displacement, Y b is the peak value of the second tangential displacement;

[0141] According to the tangential force, establish the time history function of the joint tangential force;

[0142] Specifically, since the second excitation load f a The expression of is The tangential force is a sine wave excitation load with the same frequency as the second excitation load and a different phase;

[0143] Therefore, the expression of the established time history function of the joint tangential force is

[0144]

[0145] wherein, is the phase of the tangential force, F τ is the peak value of the tangential force;

[0146] According to formulas (5), (6) and (7), a system of binary linear equations can be obtained:

[0147]

[0148] In order to show how to eliminate the unknown quantity t in formula (8), the specific derivation process is that according to the normal force satisfying formulas (5), (6) and (7), the following formula can be obtained:

[0149]

[0150] Obviously, it can be obtained that:

[0151]

[0152] In this way, sinωt and cosωt are eliminated, and formula (8) can be obtained;

[0153] Based on the tangential system of binary linear equations, the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction at the joint are obtained.

[0154] By calculating the tangential system of binary linear equations, it can be obtained that:

[0155]

[0156] In the measurement system of the above solution, a tangential force is generated at the connection joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2. Based on the obtained tangential displacement difference, tangential velocity difference, tangential acceleration, as well as the moment of inertia, length, and rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1, three formulas are obtained, eliminating the influence of the time variable in the second excitation load on the calculation, obtaining the tangential stiffness parameter and tangential damping parameter at the segment joint, realizing the accurate measurement of the tangential direction at the segment joint, and analyzing the seismic performance of the segment through the tangential stiffness parameter and tangential damping parameter to perform a reasonable design of the segment.

[0157] To further understand the measurement system and how to measure the stiffness parameter and damping parameter, the following will be specifically described in conjunction with Figure 2-7 For a specific description.

[0158] As Figure 3 shown, a measurement system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. The measurement system includes a segment assembly 101 and a support structure 300;

[0159] Among them, the top view of the segment assembly 101 is as Figure 2 shown, including a first segment 101.1 and a second segment 101.2, both of which have a length of d21 (for example, 1000 mm) and a width of d22 (for example, 200 mm). Each of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 has a bolt hole and is connected by a bolt passing through the bolt hole 203; among them, the bolt hole is a cube groove 201 and 202 with a side length of d24 (for example, 80 mm) respectively provided on the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2; a perforation 204 is provided at one end of the first segment 101.1 that is not connected to the second segment 101.2, and a perforation 205 is provided at one end of the second segment 101.2 that is not connected to the first segment 101.1, and the distances from them to the width of the segment are both d23 (for example, 100 mm). Figure 3 The support structure 300 in

[0160] Among them, the reaction frame 301 includes an upper cross beam 301.1, a lower cross beam 301.2, a first vertical column 301.3, a second vertical column 301.4, a first diagonal brace 301.5 and a second diagonal brace 301.6; among them, the upper cross beam 301.1 is shorter than the lower cross beam 301.2; both ends of the upper cross beam 301.1 are vertically connected to the upper ends of the first vertical column 301.3 and the second vertical column 301.4 respectively, and the lower ends of the first vertical column 301.3 and the second vertical column 301.4 are symmetrically and vertically connected to the lower cross beam 301.2; one end of the first diagonal brace 301.5 is connected to the left end of the lower cross beam 301.2, and the other end is connected to the first vertical column 301.3; one end of the second diagonal brace 301.6 is connected to the right end of the lower cross beam 301.2, and the other end is connected to the second vertical column 301.4;

[0161] Among them, the height of the reaction frame 301 is d37 (for example, 1060 mm), the length of the lower cross beam 301.1 is d34 (for example, 3760 mm), the height is d35 (for example, 100 mm), and the length of the upper cross beam is (d34 - 2*d36) (for example, d36 is 500 mm).

[0162] The fixing member 302 includes a first smooth bearing rod 302.1, a second smooth bearing rod 302.2, a first vertical bearing support 302.3, a second vertical bearing support 302.4, a first caster 302.5, a second caster 302.6 and a smooth iron plate 302.7;

[0163] Among them, the heights of the first smooth bearing rod 302.1 and the second smooth bearing rod 302.2 are d31, the heights of the first vertical bearing support 302.3 and the second vertical bearing support 302.4 are d32 (for example, 360 mm), the heights of the first caster 302.5 and the second caster 302.6 are d32, the distance between the unconnected end of the first segment 101.1 and the reaction frame 301 is d33 (for example, 200 mm), and the distance between the unconnected end of the second segment 101.2 and the reaction frame 301 is d33; the positions of the first vertical bearing support 302.3 and the second vertical bearing support 302.4, and the positions of the first caster 302.5 and the second caster 302.6 are symmetric about the joint. Among them, the distance between the first caster 302.5 and the second caster 302.6 is d38 (for example, 200 mm).

[0164] Functionally, the first vertical bearing support 302.3 and the second vertical bearing support 302.4 are respectively used to support the unconnected ends of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2. Moreover, the lower ends of the first smooth bearing rod 302.1 and the second smooth bearing rod 302.2 are respectively connected to the upper ends of the first vertical bearing support 302.3 and the second vertical bearing support 302.4, and are used to respectively pass through the perforations 204 of the first segment 101.1 and the perforations 205 of the second segment 101.2. When tangential forces are generated at the segment joint under the second excitation load, the first segment 101.1 can rotate around the first smooth bearing rod 302.1 without resistance, and the second segment 101.2 can rotate around the second smooth bearing rod 302.2 without resistance.

[0165] The first caster 302.5 and the second caster 302.6 are used to respectively support one end where the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 are connected. When normal forces are generated at the segment joint under the first excitation load, the first segment 101.1 can slide along the normal direction through the first caster 302.5 on the smooth iron plate 302.7 without resistance, and the second segment 101.2 can slide along the normal direction through the second caster 302.6 on the smooth iron plate 302.7 without resistance.

[0166] Next, a specific description will be given of Figure 4-5 how to measure the normal stiffness parameter and the normal damping parameter:

[0167] As Figure 4 shown, it is a schematic structural diagram of the measurement system when the excitation load is the first excitation load f n ; the measurement system includes a support structure 300, an excitation device 100, a segment assembly 101, and a processing device 102.

[0168] Among them, the excitation device 100 applies an excitation load to the unconnected end of the first segment 101.1, is connected to the unconnected end of the first segment 101.1 in the segment assembly 101 through a steel plate spacer to uniformly transmit the excitation load, and is fixed to the reaction frame 301 on the other side to apply an excitation load to the segment assembly 101 through the reverse force provided by the reaction frame 301. The unconnected end of the second segment 101.2 in the segment assembly 101 is fixed to the reaction frame 301 through a spring and a steel plate spacer, and the remaining excitation load energy f transmitted from the segment assembly 101 is absorbed through the spring.

[0169] As Figure 5 shown, when measuring the normal stiffness and the normal damping, the excitation device 100 generates a first excitation load, which is applied to the segment assembly 101 and propagates along the normal direction, generating a normal force f at the joint of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2. N, the normal acting force f N acts on both the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, causing the first segment 101.1 to generate a first normal displacement and a normal acceleration at the joint, and the second segment 101.2 to generate a second normal displacement at the joint;

[0170] Among them, the first normal displacement is obtained by the dynamic displacement sensor X represented by a square disposed on the first segment 101.1 a and the normal acceleration is obtained by the acceleration sensor represented by a circle disposed on the first segment 101.1 The second normal displacement is obtained by the dynamic displacement sensor X represented by a square disposed on the second segment 101.2 b and obtained.

[0171] The specific process of obtaining the normal stiffness parameter and the normal damping parameter based on the above-obtained data has been specifically described in the above solution and will not be elaborated here.

[0172] In the above solution, by applying a first excitation load in the normal direction to the first segment 101.1, the normal acting force is generated at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, and then the normal displacement difference and the normal velocity difference at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 are obtained to simulate the vibration formed between adjacent segment joints when the fluctuating force passes through the segment assembly 101. Among them, the physical meaning of the normal stiffness parameter at the joint is the anti-deformation ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint when the first excitation load is applied, and the physical meaning of the normal damping parameter at the joint is the absorption ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint to the first excitation load when the first excitation load is applied.

[0173] Next, it will be combined with Figure 6-7 to specifically illustrate how to measure the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential damping parameter:

[0174] As Figure 6 shown, it is a schematic structural diagram of the measurement system in the case where the excitation load is the second excitation load, specifically showing the differences from the structure for measuring the normal stiffness parameter and the normal damping parameter, that is, both sides of the segment assembly 101 are fixed to the reaction frame 301 through springs and steel plate pads to absorb the remaining excitation load energy transmitted from the segment assembly 101;

[0175] As Figure 7 shown, in the case where the excitation load is the second excitation load f aIn the case where the force application position of the excitation device 100 on the first segment 101.1 is the middle position of the part of the first segment 101.1 at the joint, a tangential acting force f is generated at the joint. τ , due to the action of the tangential acting force, the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 rotate around their respective rotation axes (i.e., the first smooth bearing rod 302.1 and the second smooth bearing rod 302.2), respectively generating a first tangential displacement, a second tangential displacement, and a tangential acceleration; among them, the first tangential displacement is obtained by the dynamic displacement sensor Y represented by a square disposed on the first segment 101.1 a The tangential acceleration is obtained by the acceleration sensor represented by a circle disposed on the first segment 101.1 The second tangential displacement is obtained by the dynamic displacement sensor Y represented by a square disposed on the second segment 101.2 b ; and, the distance from the centroid of the segment of the first segment 101.1 to the rotation axis is l ca , the length is L, and the distance from the position where the excitation device applies the second excitation load on the first segment 101.1 to the rotation axis is l a ;

[0176] The specific process of obtaining the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential damping parameter according to the above-obtained data has been specifically described in the above solution, and will not be elaborated here.

[0177] The measurement system in the above solution generates a tangential acting force at the connection joint of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2. Based on the obtained tangential displacement difference, tangential velocity difference, tangential acceleration, and the moment of inertia, length, and rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1, three formulas are obtained, eliminating the influence of the time variable in the second excitation load on the calculation, obtaining the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential damping parameter at the joint between segments, realizing the accurate determination of the tangential direction at the joint between segments, and analyzing the seismic performance of the segments through the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential damping parameter to perform a reasonable design on the segments. That is, the measurement system in the embodiment of the present application, by applying a second excitation load to the first segment 101.1 to generate a tangential acting force at the joint, and based on the measured data related to the tangential acting force, obtains the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential damping parameter at the joint between segments, realizing the determination of the seismic performance of the tangential direction at the joint between segments to perform a reasonable design on the segments.

[0178] In the above solution, the processing device 102 can be implemented by data processing technologies such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Digital Signal Processing (DSP), and a microcontroller.

[0179] An embodiment of the present application also provides a measurement method, which is applied to a measurement system. The measurement system at least includes a segment assembly 101, and adjacent two segments in the segment assembly are connected; the system further includes an excitation device 100 and a processing device 102; as Figure 8 shown, the method includes:

[0180] (Step) S801: Generate an excitation load through the excitation device 100. The excitation load generates a force at the connection joint of adjacent two segments. The excitation load can cause a first displacement of the first segment 101.1 among the adjacent two segments, and the force can cause a second displacement of the second segment 101.2.

[0181] It can be understood that the excitation load is a fluctuating force. The measurement object of the measurement system is the segment assembly 101, and specifically measures the dynamic parameters of the joint between two adjacent segments connected in the segment assembly 101. In the embodiment of the present application, an excitation load is generated through the excitation device 100, and a force is generated at the connection joint of adjacent two segments, so as to obtain the dynamic parameters of the joint between adjacent two segments, and analyze the seismic performance of the joint between adjacent two segments.

[0182] S802: Obtain the first velocity of the first segment 101.1 generated based on the excitation load and the second velocity of the second segment generated based on the force through the processing device 102; based on the force, the first displacement, the second displacement, the first velocity, and the second velocity, obtain the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint.

[0183] Specifically, the first displacement and the second displacement are obtained by respectively arranging dynamic displacement sensors on the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, the first velocity and the second velocity are obtained by respectively arranging velocity sensors on the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, or the first velocity and the second velocity are obtained by respectively differentiating the first displacement and the second displacement;

[0184] After obtaining the first displacement, the second displacement, the first velocity, and the second velocity,

[0185] S803: Obtain the displacement difference based on the first displacement and the second displacement by the processing device 102; obtain the velocity difference based on the first velocity and the second velocity;

[0186] Here, the displacement difference is the difference between the first displacement and the second displacement, and the velocity difference is the difference between the first velocity and the second velocity.

[0187] S804: Obtain the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint based on the acting force, the displacement difference, and the velocity difference.

[0188] Here, the product of the stiffness parameter and the displacement difference, plus the product of the damping parameter and the velocity difference, equals the acting force.

[0189] In the above solution, the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint are obtained based on the relationship satisfied by the acting force, the displacement difference, and the velocity difference and the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter to be measured at the joint to be measured.

[0190] Among them, the excitation load includes a first excitation load and a second excitation load, which are respectively used to measure the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the normal direction, and the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the tangential direction;

[0191] First, look at the measurement of the stiffness parameter in the normal direction and the damping parameter in the normal direction (for convenience of description, simply referred to as the normal stiffness parameter and the normal damping parameter):

[0192] When the excitation load is the first excitation load, the excitation load can generate a normal acting force at the normal direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments; the first excitation load can cause the first segment 101.1 to generate a first normal displacement, and the normal acting force can cause the second segment 101.2 to generate a second normal displacement;

[0193] Among them, the first excitation load is a harmonic displacement excitation, that is, a sine wave excitation load with a certain frequency, a certain phase, and a certain peak value. The normal acting force generated by it at the normal direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments is also a sine wave excitation load, with the same frequency, not necessarily the same phase, and different peak values. The first excitation load causes the first segment 101.1 to generate a displacement in the normal direction at the joint, that is, the first normal displacement, and the normal acting force causes the second segment 101.2 to generate a displacement in the normal direction at the joint, that is, the second normal displacement; among them, the first normal displacement is a sine wave displacement signal with the same frequency and phase as the first excitation load, and the second normal displacement is a sine wave displacement signal with the same frequency and phase as the normal acting force.

[0194] It should be noted that various frequencies, phases, and peak values mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are all selected as appropriate values according to the requirements in actual applications.

[0195] By generating a first excitation load, the first excitation load is applied to the first segment 101.1, and propagates along the normal direction of the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, forming a normal force at the joint, imitating the normal vibration generated between adjacent segment joints when a fluctuating force passes through the joint. Correspondingly, through the processing device 102, a normal displacement difference is obtained based on the first normal displacement and the second normal displacement; a first normal velocity is obtained based on the first normal displacement, and a second normal velocity is obtained based on the second normal displacement; a normal velocity difference is obtained based on the first normal velocity and the second normal velocity;

[0196] Specifically, the normal displacement difference is the difference between the first normal displacement and the second normal displacement, and the normal velocity difference is the difference between the first normal velocity and the second normal velocity; wherein, the first normal displacement is obtained by installing a dynamic displacement sensor on the first segment 101.1, and the second normal displacement is obtained by installing a dynamic displacement sensor on the second segment 101.2; further, the first normal velocity can be obtained by differentiating the first normal displacement, or by installing a velocity sensor on the first segment 101.1; the second normal velocity can be obtained by differentiating the second normal displacement, or by measuring with a velocity sensor installed on the second segment 101.2;

[0197] Based on the normal force, the normal displacement difference and the normal velocity difference, the normal stiffness parameter and the damping parameter at the joint are obtained.

[0198] Here, the product of the normal stiffness parameter and the normal displacement difference, plus the product of the normal damping parameter and the normal velocity difference, is equal to the normal force. Based on this principle, by measuring the normal force, the normal displacement difference and the normal velocity difference, the calculation relationship satisfied by the normal stiffness parameter and the normal damping parameter can be obtained.

[0199] In the above solution, by applying a first normal excitation load to the first segment 101.1, the normal force is generated at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, and then the normal displacement difference and the normal velocity difference at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 are obtained, so as to imitate the vibration formed between adjacent segment joints when a fluctuating force passes through the segment assembly 101. Among them, the physical meaning of the normal stiffness parameter at the joint is the anti-deformation ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint when the first excitation load is applied, and the physical meaning of the normal damping parameter at the joint is the absorption ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint to the first excitation load when the first excitation load is applied. Further, when the excitation load is the first excitation load, the normal force can cause the first segment 101.1 to generate a normal acceleration;

[0200] Among them, the normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1 can be measured by installing an acceleration sensor on the first segment 101.1, or obtained by differentiating the first normal velocity;

[0201] Through the processing device 102,

[0202] obtain the mass and normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1;

[0203] Based on the mass and normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1, the normal force and the first excitation load, establish a normal motion balance equation;

[0204] Among them, the product of the mass of the first segment 101.1 and the normal acceleration is the kinetic energy obtained by the first segment 101.1 under the action of the first excitation load, and the sum of it and the normal force is equal to the first excitation load, which reflects the energy conservation of the first segment 101.1 when the first excitation load is applied; based on this principle, the normal force can be obtained according to the energy conservation relationship of the mass and normal acceleration of the first segment 101.1, the normal force and the first excitation load;

[0205] Thus, the expression of the established normal motion balance equation is

[0206]

[0207] where m a is the mass of the first segment, is the normal acceleration of the first segment, f N is the normal force, f n is the first excitation load; among them, the first excitation load f n has an expression of ω is the set angular frequency, is the phase of the first excitation load, F n is the peak value of the first excitation load;

[0208] Based on the normal force, the normal displacement difference and the normal velocity difference, the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter to be solved in the normal direction, establish a dynamic calculation formula for the normal force of the joint;

[0209] Among them, calculate the product of the normal displacement difference and the stiffness parameter in the normal direction, and the product of the normal velocity difference and the damping parameter in the normal direction, and the sum of the two is equal to the normal force; based on this principle, the relationship equation satisfied by the normal force, the normal displacement difference and the normal velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter to be solved in the normal direction can be obtained.

[0210] Thus, the established dynamic calculation formula for the normal force of the joint is

[0211]

[0212] Among them, K n is the stiffness parameter of the normal direction to be solved, and C n is the damping parameter of the normal direction to be solved, x a is the first normal displacement, and x b is the second normal displacement, is the first normal velocity, is the second normal velocity, and (x a -x b ) is the normal displacement difference, is the normal velocity difference; among them, Among them, X a is the peak value of the first normal displacement, and X b is the peak value of the second normal displacement;

[0213] Based on the normal force, establish the time history function of the joint normal force;

[0214] Specifically, since the expression of the first excitation load f n is the normal force is a sine wave excitation load with the same frequency as the first excitation load and a different phase, and the established time history function of the joint normal force is

[0215]

[0216] Among them, is the phase of the normal force, and F N is the peak value of the normal force;

[0217] According to formula (2) and formula (3), the following normal binary linear equations are obtained:

[0218]

[0219] To show how to eliminate the unknown t in formula (4), the specific derivation process is as follows. Since the normal force satisfies both formula (1) and formula (2), the following formula can be obtained:

[0220]

[0221] Obviously, it can be obtained that

[0222]

[0223] By eliminating sinωt and cosωt in this way, formula (4) can be obtained;

[0224] Substitute formula (1) into formula (4), and use the matrix method to solve the binary linear equation, we can get:

[0225]

[0226] In the measurement system of the above solution, by applying a first excitation load to the first segment 101.1, a normal acting force is generated at the connection joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2. Based on the obtained normal displacement difference, normal velocity difference, normal acceleration, and the mass of the first segment 101.1, three formulas are obtained, eliminating the influence of the time variable in the first excitation load on the calculation, obtaining the normal stiffness parameter and normal damping parameter at the segment joint, realizing the accurate measurement of the normal direction at the segment joint, and analyzing the seismic performance of the segment through the normal stiffness parameter and normal damping parameter to perform a reasonable design of the segment.

[0227] Then, let's look at the measurement of the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential damping parameter (tangential stiffness parameter and tangential damping parameter):

[0228] When the excitation load is the second excitation load, the excitation load can generate a tangential acting force at the tangential direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments; the second excitation load can cause the first segment 101.1 to generate a first tangential displacement, and the tangential acting force can cause the second segment 101.2 to generate a second tangential displacement;

[0229] Among them, the second excitation load is a harmonic displacement excitation, that is, a sine wave excitation load with a certain frequency, a certain phase, and a certain peak value. The tangential acting force it generates at the tangential direction of the connection joint between two adjacent segments is also a sine wave excitation load, with the same frequency, not necessarily the same phase, and different peak values. This tangential acting force causes the first segment 101.1 to generate a tangential displacement at the joint, that is, the first tangential displacement, and the second segment 101.2 to generate a tangential displacement at the joint, that is, the second tangential displacement; among them, the first tangential displacement is a sine wave displacement signal with the same frequency and phase as the first excitation load, and the second tangential displacement is a sine wave displacement signal with the same frequency and phase as the tangential acting force.

[0230] By generating the second excitation load, loading the second excitation load on the first segment 101.1, and propagating along the tangential direction of the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, a tangential acting force is formed at the joint, imitating the tangential vibration generated when the fluctuating force passes through the joint.

[0231] Correspondingly, through the processing device 102, a tangential displacement difference is obtained based on the first tangential displacement and the second tangential displacement; a first tangential velocity is obtained based on the first tangential displacement, and a second tangential velocity is obtained based on the second tangential displacement; a tangential velocity difference is obtained based on the first tangential velocity and the second tangential velocity;

[0232] Specifically, the tangential displacement difference is the difference between the first tangential displacement and the second tangential displacement, and the tangential velocity difference is the difference between the first tangential velocity and the second tangential velocity; wherein, the first tangential displacement is obtained by installing a dynamic displacement sensor on the first segment 101.1, and the second tangential displacement is obtained by installing a dynamic displacement sensor on the second segment 101.2; further, the first tangential velocity can be obtained by differentiating the first tangential displacement, or by installing a velocity sensor on the first segment 101.1; the second tangential velocity can be obtained by differentiating the second tangential displacement, or by installing a velocity sensor on the second segment 101.2;

[0233] Based on the tangential force, the tangential displacement difference, and the tangential velocity difference, stiffness parameters and damping parameters in the tangential direction at the joint are obtained.

[0234] Specifically, the product of the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential displacement difference, plus the product of the tangential damping parameter and the tangential velocity difference, is equal to the tangential force. Based on this principle, by measuring the tangential force, the tangential displacement difference, and the tangential velocity difference, the calculation relationship satisfied by the tangential stiffness parameter and the tangential damping parameter can be obtained.

[0235] By applying a second excitation load in the tangential direction to the first segment 101.1, the tangential force is generated at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2, and then the tangential displacement difference and the tangential velocity difference at the joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 are obtained, so as to simulate the vibration formed between adjacent segment joints when the fluctuating force passes through the segment assembly 101. Among them, the physical meaning of the normal stiffness parameter at the joint is the anti-deformation ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint when the second excitation load is applied, and the physical meaning of the tangential damping parameter at the joint is the absorption ability of the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2 at the joint to the second excitation load when the second excitation load is applied.

[0236] Further, when the excitation load is the second excitation load, the tangential force can cause the first segment 101.1 to generate a tangential acceleration;

[0237] Among them, the tangential acceleration of the first segment 101.1 can be measured by installing an acceleration sensor on the first segment 101.1, or by differentiating the first tangential velocity; the processing device is used for:

[0238] Obtain the moment of inertia, length, and first distance of the first segment 101.1. The first distance is the distance between the setting position of the actuator for generating the second excitation load when generating the second excitation load and the rotation axis of the first segment 101.1;

[0239] Based on the tangential acceleration and the first distance, obtain the rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1;

[0240] Wherein, the rotational angular velocity is the angular velocity in the tangential direction generated by the first segment 101.1 when the tangential force acts on the first segment 101.1. Calculate the ratio of the tangential acceleration of the first segment 101.1 to the length of the first segment 101.1 to obtain the rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1;

[0241] Based on the tangential force, the second excitation load, and the moment of inertia, length, and rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1, establish a tangential rotational equilibrium equation;

[0242] Specifically, calculate the product of the second excitation load and the first distance, and the product of the tangential force and the length of the first segment 101.1. The sum of the two is equal to the rotational kinetic energy of the first segment 101.1, that is, the product of the moment of inertia of the first segment 101.1 and its rotational angular velocity, which reflects the energy conservation of the first segment 101.1 when the second excitation load is applied. Based on this principle, the normal force can be obtained according to the energy conservation relationship of the second excitation load, the moment of inertia, length, and rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1, and the normal force;

[0243] Thus, the expression of the established tangential rotational equilibrium equation is

[0244]

[0245] Where J ca is the moment of inertia of the centroid of the first segment 101.1 relative to the rotation axis, is the tangential acceleration, f τ is the tangential force, l a is the distance from the application point of the second excitation load to the rotation axis, L is the length of the first segment 101.1, f a is the second excitation load, and the expression is Where ω is the angular frequency of the set second excitation load, is the phase of the second excitation load, F a is the peak value of the second excitation load;

[0246] Based on the tangential force, tangential displacement difference, tangential velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction to be solved, establish the dynamic calculation formula for the tangential force of the joint;

[0247] Among them, calculate the product of the tangential displacement difference and the stiffness parameter in the tangential direction, and the product of the tangential velocity difference and the damping parameter in the tangential direction. The sum of the two is equal to the tangential force. Based on this principle, the relational equation satisfied by the tangential force, tangential displacement difference, normal velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction to be solved can be obtained.

[0248] Thus, the expression of the established dynamic calculation formula for the tangential force of the joint is

[0249]

[0250] Among them, K τ is the stiffness parameter in the tangential direction to be solved, C τ is the damping parameter in the tangential direction to be solved, y a is the first tangential displacement, y b is the second tangential displacement, is the first tangential velocity, is the second tangential velocity, (y a -y b ) is the tangential displacement difference, is the tangential velocity difference; among them, Among them, Y a is the peak value of the first tangential displacement, Y b is the peak value of the second tangential displacement;

[0251] Based on the tangential force, establish the time history function of the tangential force of the joint;

[0252] Specifically, since the expression of the second excitation load f a is the tangential force is a sine wave excitation load with the same frequency as the second excitation load and a different phase;

[0253] Thus, the expression of the established time history function of the tangential force of the joint is

[0254]

[0255] Among them, is the phase of the tangential force, F τ is the peak value of the tangential force;

[0256] According to formulas (5), (6), and (7), a system of binary linear equations can be obtained:

[0257]

[0258] To illustrate how to eliminate the unknown variable \(t\) in formula (8), the specific derivation process is as follows. Since the normal force satisfies formulas (5), (6), and (7), the following equation can be obtained:

[0259]

[0260] Obviously, it can be obtained that:

[0261]

[0262] By eliminating \(\sin\omega t\) and \(\cos\omega t\) in this way, formula (8) can be obtained;

[0263] Based on the tangential system of binary linear equations, the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction at the joint are obtained.

[0264] By calculating the tangential system of binary linear equations, it can be obtained that:

[0265]

[0266] In the measurement system of the above solution, tangential forces are generated at the connection joint between the first segment 101.1 and the second segment 101.2. Based on the obtained tangential displacement difference, tangential velocity difference, tangential acceleration, as well as the moment of inertia, length, and rotational angular velocity of the first segment 101.1, three formulas are obtained, eliminating the influence of the time variable in the second excitation load on the calculation, obtaining the tangential stiffness parameter and tangential damping parameter at the segment joint, realizing the accurate measurement of the tangential direction at the segment joint, and analyzing the seismic performance of the segment through the tangential stiffness parameter and tangential damping parameter to conduct a reasonable design of the segment.

Claims

1. A measurement system, the measurement system at least comprising a segment assembly, characterized in that, Two adjacent segments in the segment assembly are connected; the system further includes an excitation device and a processing device; wherein, the excitation device is used to generate an excitation load, which can cause a first displacement of a first segment among two adjacent segments and generate a force at the connection joint of the two adjacent segments, and the force can cause a second displacement of a second segment among the two adjacent segments; the excitation load includes a first excitation load and a second excitation load; the first excitation load is used to measure the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the normal direction; the second excitation load is used to measure the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction; the processing device is used to obtain a first velocity of the first segment generated based on the excitation load and a second velocity of the second segment generated based on the force; When the excitation load is the first excitation load, according to the time history function of the normal force at the joint and the dynamic calculation formula of the normal force at the joint, a normal binary linear equation system is obtained; based on the normal binary linear equation system and the normal motion balance equation, the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the normal direction are solved; When the excitation load is the second excitation load, according to the time history function of the tangential force at the joint, the tangential rotation balance equation and the dynamic calculation formula of the tangential force at the joint, a tangential binary linear equation system is obtained; based on the tangential binary linear equation system, the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction at the joint are obtained.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the processing device is used to obtain a displacement difference based on the first displacement and the second displacement; obtain a velocity difference based on the first velocity and the second velocity; Based on the force, the displacement difference and the velocity difference, the stiffness parameter and damping parameter at the joint are obtained.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein When the excitation load is the first excitation load, the excitation load can generate a normal force at the normal direction of the connection joint of two adjacent segments; the first excitation load can cause a first normal displacement of the first segment, and the normal force can cause a second normal displacement of the second segment; Correspondingly, the processing device is used to obtain a normal displacement difference based on the first normal displacement and the second normal displacement; obtain a first normal velocity based on the first normal displacement, and obtain a second normal velocity based on the second normal displacement; Obtain a normal velocity difference based on the first normal velocity and the second normal velocity; Based on the normal force, the normal displacement difference and the normal velocity difference, the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the normal direction at the joint are obtained.

4. The system according to claim 2, wherein When the excitation load is the second excitation load, the excitation load can generate a tangential force at the tangential direction of the connection joint of two adjacent segments; the second excitation load can cause a first tangential displacement of the first segment, and the tangential force can cause a second tangential displacement of the second segment; Correspondingly, the processing device is configured to obtain a tangential displacement difference based on the first tangential displacement and the second tangential displacement; obtain a first tangential velocity based on the first tangential displacement, and obtain a second tangential velocity based on the second tangential displacement; obtain a tangential velocity difference based on the first tangential velocity and the second tangential velocity; obtain a stiffness parameter and a damping parameter in the tangential direction at the joint based on the tangential force, the tangential displacement difference, and the tangential velocity difference.

5. The system according to claim 3, wherein When the excitation load is the first excitation load, the first segment can be caused to generate a normal acceleration; The processing device is further configured to: obtain the mass and the normal acceleration of the first segment; establish the normal motion balance equation based on the mass and the normal acceleration of the first segment, the normal force, and the first excitation load; establish the dynamic calculation formula for the normal force at the joint based on the normal force, the normal displacement difference, the normal velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter to be solved in the normal direction; establish the time history function of the normal force at the joint according to the normal force.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the excitation load is the second excitation load, the first segment can be caused to generate a tangential acceleration; The processing device is configured to: obtain the moment of inertia, the length, and the first distance of the first segment, where the first distance is the distance between the setting position of the actuator for generating the second excitation load when generating the second excitation load and the rotation axis of the first segment; obtain the rotational angular velocity of the first segment based on the tangential acceleration and the first distance; establish the tangential rotation balance equation based on the tangential force, the second excitation load, and the moment of inertia, the length, and the rotational angular velocity of the first segment; establish the dynamic calculation formula for the tangential force at the joint based on the tangential force, the tangential displacement difference, the tangential velocity difference, and the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter to be solved in the tangential direction; establish the time history function of the tangential force at the joint according to the tangential force.

7. The system according to claim 5, wherein The processing device is further configured to: The expression of the established normal motion equilibrium equation is where m a is the mass of the first segment, is the normal acceleration of the first segment, f N is the normal force at the joint, f n is the first excitation load; among them, the first excitation load f n has the expression of ω is the set angular frequency, is the phase of the first excitation load, F n is the peak value of the first excitation load; The established time history function of the seam normal force is where is the phase of the normal force, and F N is the peak value of the normal force; The established dynamic calculation formula for the joint normal force is where K n is the normal stiffness parameter to be solved, C n is the normal damping parameter to be solved, x a is the first normal displacement, x b is the second normal displacement, is the first normal velocity, is the second normal velocity, (x a -x b ) is the normal displacement difference, is the normal velocity difference; where, where X a is the peak value of the first normal displacement, X b is the peak value of the second normal displacement; The expression of the normal binary linear equation system is Based on the normal binary linear equation system and the normal motion balance equation, the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the normal direction at the joint obtained by solving are:

8. The system according to claim 6, wherein The processing device is further configured to: The expression of the established tangential rotation balance equation is where J ca is the moment of inertia of the centroid of the first segment relative to the rotation axis, is the tangential acceleration of the first segment, f τ is the tangential force at the joint, l a is the distance from the application point of the second excitation load to the rotation axis, L is the length of the first segment, f a is the second excitation load, and the expression is where ω is the set angular frequency of the second excitation load, is the phase of the second excitation load, F a is the peak value of the second excitation load; The expression of the established time history function of the tangential force of the joint is where is the phase of the tangential force, and F τ is the peak value of the tangential force; The expression of the established dynamic calculation formula for the tangential force of the joint is where K τ is the tangential stiffness parameter to be solved, C τ is the tangential damping parameter to be solved, y a is the first tangential displacement, y b is the second tangential displacement, is the first tangential velocity, is the second tangential velocity, (y a - y b ) is the tangential displacement difference, is the tangential velocity difference; where, where Y a is the peak value of the first tangential displacement, Y b is the peak value of the second tangential displacement; The expression of the tangential binary linear equation system is Based on the tangential binary linear equation system, the expression of the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the tangential direction at the joint obtained by solving is 9. A measurement method, applied to a measurement system, the measurement system at least including a segment assembly, characterized in that, Two adjacent segments in the segment assembly are connected; the system further includes an excitation device and a processing device; the method includes: generate an excitation load through the excitation device, the excitation load generates a force at the connection joint of two adjacent segments, the excitation load can cause the first segment among the two adjacent segments to generate a first displacement, and the force can cause the second segment among the two adjacent segments to generate a second displacement; the excitation load includes a first excitation load and a second excitation load; the first excitation load is used to measure the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the normal direction; the second excitation load is used to measure the stiffness parameter and the damping parameter in the tangential direction; Obtain the first velocity generated by the first segment based on the excitation load and the second velocity generated by the second segment based on the acting force through the processing device; When the excitation load is the first excitation load, obtain a normal binary linear equation set according to the time history function of the joint normal acting force and the dynamic calculation formula of the joint normal acting force; based on the normal binary linear equation set and the normal motion balance equation, solve the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the normal direction; When the excitation load is the second excitation load, obtain a tangential binary linear equation set according to the time history function of the joint tangential acting force, the tangential rotation balance equation and the dynamic calculation formula of the joint tangential acting force; based on the tangential binary linear equation set, obtain the stiffness parameter and damping parameter in the tangential direction at the joint.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the displacement difference based on the first displacement and the second displacement through the processing device; obtain the velocity difference based on the first velocity and the second velocity; Obtain the stiffness parameter and damping parameter at the joint according to the acting force, the displacement difference and the velocity difference.

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