A driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model

Abstract

The present invention discloses a drive system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model, comprising a model vehicle, a permanent magnet track, a displacement sensor, a single-chip microcomputer, a power supply, and a drive coil. The model vehicle is placed on the permanent magnet track and comprises an outer shell and an insulating inner shell. The outer shell has onboard permanent magnets at four corners. The outer shell is provided with a liquid nitrogen filling port and a liquid nitrogen gas outlet, which are connected to the insulating inner shell. A high-temperature superconducting block is provided at the bottom of the insulating inner shell. The displacement sensor is disposed in the middle of the upper end of the drive coil, and the bottom surface of the drive coil is fixed to the permanent magnet track. The power supply is electrically connected to the displacement sensor, the single-chip microcomputer, and the drive coil, respectively. The displacement sensor is used to detect the passage or departure of the model vehicle. The single-chip microcomputer is used to control the power on / off of the drive coil. The displacement sensor and the single-chip microcomputer are connected. The present invention has the advantages of high curve negotiating performance, low cost, and good acceleration and deceleration stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic technology, and in particular relates to a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model. Background Art

[0002] Magnetic levitation technology originated in Germany. As early as 1922, German engineer Hermann Kemper proposed the principle of electromagnetic levitation and applied for a patent for a maglev train in 1934. After 1970, as the economic strength of industrialized nations continued to grow, developed countries such as Germany, Japan, the United States, Canada, France, and the United Kingdom began planning to develop maglev transportation systems to improve transportation capacity to meet their economic development needs. The electromagnetic levitation principle proposed by German engineer Hermann Kemper in 1922 has enabled the resolution of most technical challenges in maglev technology over the past three or four decades, from vehicle performance to operational control. Many of the resulting equipment has reached the technical level originally envisioned.

[0003] The development of superconducting technology and the improvement of equipment manufacturing technology and system construction level have enabled the application capabilities of magnetic levitation technology to be more rapidly improved. According to the properties of the coil conductor, magnetic levitation technology can be divided into conventional conductive type and superconducting type; according to the suspension principle, magnetic levitation technology can be divided into electromagnetic levitation system (EMS) and electric levitation system (EDS). In principle, magnetic levitation technology can be divided into two main modes: / conventional conductive + EMS0 (conventional conductive magnetic attraction type) and / superconducting + EDS0 (superconducting magnetic repulsion type). Germany's TR technology uses / conventional conductive + EMS0, while Japan's ML technology uses / superconducting + EDS0. They represent the two magnetic levitation transportation technologies that are currently closer to the practical level in the world.

[0004] The inverted magnetic levitation demonstration system utilizes the principles of high-temperature superconductivity. Traditional inverted magnetic levitation demonstration systems fix a superconducting block in a cart model and cool it with liquid nitrogen. Once the block reaches a superconducting state, the cart is pinned to a permanent magnet track, creating a stable state that allows it to both levitate and hang. Existing technology uses a linear motor to drive the system. Specifically, an aluminum plate is fixed above a small high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation model. The linear motor is then fixed above the permanent magnet track. The model can pass between the linear motor and the permanent magnet track. Each time the model passes through, the linear motor's traveling magnetic field induces eddy currents on the aluminum plate, generating a certain driving force that propels the cart carrying the aluminum plate forward.

[0005] The existing linear motor drive technology has a small driving force, and the model body will shake during the driving process, affecting the display effect of the model. Although the drive control of linear motors is mature, it is generally used for large equipment. The drive control system is complex and very expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A drive system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model, characterized by comprising a model vehicle, a permanent magnet track, a displacement sensor, a single-chip microcomputer, a power supply, and a drive coil. The model vehicle is placed on the permanent magnet track. The model vehicle comprises an outer shell and an insulating inner shell disposed within the outer shell. The four corners of the inner shell are provided with receiving grooves, in which vehicle-mounted permanent magnets are disposed. The outer shell is provided with a liquid nitrogen filling port and a liquid nitrogen gas outlet, which are connected to the insulating inner shell. A high-temperature superconducting block is disposed at the bottom of the insulating inner shell. The displacement sensor is disposed in the middle of the upper end of the drive coil, the bottom surface of the drive coil is fixed to the permanent magnet track, the power supply is electrically connected to the displacement sensor, the single-chip microcomputer, and the drive coil, respectively. The displacement sensor is used to detect the passage or departure of the model vehicle. The single-chip microcomputer is used to control the power on / off of the drive coil. The displacement sensor is connected to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0009] Preferably, the on-board permanent magnet is arranged with the N pole facing the outside of the model car.

[0010] Preferably, two high-temperature superconducting blocks are provided at the bottom of the thermal insulation inner shell.

[0011] Preferably, the driving coil is made of enameled wire with a diameter of 1 mm and is wound into a solenoid with a rectangular cross-section.

[0012] Preferably, the length of the driving coil is the same as the length of the model car.

[0013] Preferably, the shell is made of PLA material and is manufactured using 3D printing technology.

[0014] Preferably, the thermal insulation inner shell is made of thermal insulation foam material.

[0015] Preferably, the permanent magnet track is made of neodymium iron boron.

[0016] Preferably, the heat-insulating inner shell and the outer shell adopt an interference fit.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows:

[0018] 1. The present invention provides a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model. When in use, liquid nitrogen is poured into the heat-insulating inner shell from the liquid nitrogen filling port. The high-temperature superconducting block in the model car is located above the permanent magnet track. Due to the existence of the pinning force, the smaller the distance between the model car and the permanent magnet guide rail, the greater the force. The gravity of the car model will tend to reduce the distance between the high-temperature superconducting block and the permanent magnet, so that the car model can be stably suspended above the permanent magnet track. The interaction between the drive coil and the on-board permanent magnet realizes a non-contact driving mode. By fixing the drive coil at the permanent magnet track, fixing the on-board permanent magnet at the four corners of the model car, and placing magnetic poles on both sides of the car body in accordance with the NSSN principle, when the model car When passing a specific position of the drive coil, current flows into the drive coil, generating an attractive force on one end and a repulsive force on the other end of the onboard permanent magnet, thereby using the generated energy to drive the model car. A displacement sensor is connected to a single-chip microcomputer, and signal transmission is performed by detecting whether a car is present in the middle position of the drive coil. If so, the signal is fed back to the single-chip microcomputer, which powers the solenoid. Otherwise, the power does not need to be cut off, and the model car automatically accelerates or decelerates at the preset position. The system provides two optional operating modes of acceleration and deceleration, realizing position detection, self-driving, and self-braking of the train. Two high-temperature superconducting blocks arranged at the bottom of the thermal insulation inner shell improve the model car's curve negotiating performance and stability during acceleration and deceleration. The present invention has the advantages of high curve negotiating performance, low cost, and good acceleration and deceleration stability.

[0019] 2. The present invention provides a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model. Due to the limited permanent magnet track, a double-block arrangement is set up. By comparing the operating conditions of a single block and a double-block material, it can be concluded that the double-block material has better stability than the single-block model both when passing through a curve and during the driving process. Therefore, two high-temperature superconducting blocks are set at the bottom of the thermal insulation inner shell.

[0020] 3. The present invention provides a drive system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model. The diameter of the liquid nitrogen filling port and the liquid nitrogen outlet is 5 mm. The liquid nitrogen filling port in the front of the outer shell is used to pour liquid nitrogen into the heat-insulating inner shell to cool the high-temperature superconducting block. The liquid nitrogen outlet in the rear is used to vaporize the liquid nitrogen during the filling process to prevent nitrogen from escaping from the filling port and preventing liquid nitrogen from entering.

[0021] 4. The present invention provides a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model. The thermal insulation inner shell and the outer shell adopt an interference fit. When the temperature drops, the outer shell shrinks to a certain extent and clamps the thermal insulation inner shell to ensure the stability of the operation process.

[0022] 5. The present invention provides a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model. When it detects that a model car passes below (at this time, half of the model car is in the driving coil), the microcontroller causes an appropriate current to flow into the driving coil, causing the driving coil to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field exhibits a repulsive force on the on-board permanent magnet at the front end and an attractive force on the on-board permanent magnet at the rear, thereby enabling the car to obtain a larger driving force. When the displacement sensor detects that the rear end of the model car body passes, the microcontroller is used to cut off the power supply and complete one circle of acceleration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The foregoing and following detailed description of the present invention will become more apparent when read in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the model car of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heat-insulating inner shell of the present invention;

[0027] In the figure: 1. Model car; 1.1. Outer shell; 1.2. Insulated inner shell; 1.3. On-board permanent magnet; 1.4. Liquid nitrogen filling port; 1.5. Liquid nitrogen outlet; 1.6. High-temperature superconducting block; 2. Permanent magnet track; 3. Displacement sensor; 4. Driving coil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following is a further explanation of the technical solutions for achieving the purpose of the present invention through several specific embodiments. It should be noted that the technical solutions claimed to be protected by the present invention include but are not limited to the following embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] As a most basic implementation scheme of the present invention, this embodiment discloses a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model, such as Figure 1 — Figure 3As shown, the model car 1 includes a permanent magnetic track 2, a displacement sensor 3, a single-chip microcomputer, a power supply and a drive coil 4. The model car 1 is placed on the permanent magnetic track 2. The model car 1 includes an outer shell 1.1 and an insulating inner shell 1.2 arranged inside the outer shell 1.1. The four corners of the inner shell 1.1 are provided with a receiving groove, and the receiving groove is provided with a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 1.3. The outer shell 1.1 is provided with a liquid nitrogen filling port 1.4 and a liquid nitrogen outlet 1.5. The liquid nitrogen filling port 1.4 and the liquid nitrogen The air outlet 1.5 is connected to the thermal insulation inner shell 1.2. A high-temperature superconducting block 1.6 is provided at the bottom of the thermal insulation inner shell 1.2. The displacement sensor 3 is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the driving coil 4. The bottom surface of the driving coil 4 is fixed on the permanent magnet track 2. The power supply is electrically connected to the displacement sensor 3, the single-chip microcomputer and the driving coil 4 respectively. The displacement sensor 3 is used to detect the passage or departure of the model car 1. The single-chip microcomputer is used to control the power on / off of the driving coil 4. The displacement sensor 3 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0031] The present invention provides a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model. When in use, liquid nitrogen is poured into the insulation inner shell 1.2 from the liquid nitrogen filling port 1.4. The high-temperature superconducting block 1.6 in the model car 1 is located above the permanent magnet track 2. Due to the existence of repulsive force, the smaller the distance between the model car 1 and the permanent magnet guide rail, the greater the force. The gravity of the car model will tend to reduce the distance between the high-temperature superconducting block 1.6 and the permanent magnet, so that the car model can be stably suspended above the permanent magnet track 2. The interaction between the drive coil 4 and the on-board permanent magnet 1.3 realizes a non-contact driving mode. By fixing the drive coil 4 at the permanent magnet track 2 and fixing the on-board permanent magnet 1.3 at the four corners of the model car 1, the magnetic poles on both sides of the car body are arranged according to the NSSN principle. When the model car 1 passes the drive coil When the vehicle is at a specific position, current flows through the drive coil 4, generating an attractive force on one end of the onboard permanent magnet 1.3 and a repulsive force on the other end. This energy is then used to drive the model vehicle 1. A displacement sensor 3 is connected to a single-chip microcomputer. Signal transmission is performed by detecting whether a vehicle is located in the middle of the drive coil 4. If so, feedback is provided to the single-chip microcomputer, which then powers the solenoid. Otherwise, the system remains powered, allowing the model vehicle 1 to automatically accelerate or decelerate at the preset position. The system offers two optional operating modes: acceleration and deceleration, enabling position detection, self-driving, and self-braking. The onboard permanent magnets 1.3 located at the four corners of the model vehicle 1 and the high-temperature superconducting block 1.6 located at the bottom of the insulating inner shell 1.2 improve the model vehicle 1's curve negotiating performance and stability during acceleration and deceleration. The present invention offers advantages such as high curve negotiating performance, low cost, and excellent acceleration and deceleration stability.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment discloses a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model, such as Figure 1 — Figure 3 As shown, the model car 1 includes a permanent magnetic track 2, a displacement sensor 3, a single-chip microcomputer, a power supply and a drive coil 4. The model car 1 is placed on the permanent magnetic track 2. The model car 1 includes an outer shell 1.1 and an insulating inner shell 1.2 arranged inside the outer shell 1.1. The four corners of the inner shell 1.1 are provided with a receiving groove, and the receiving groove is provided with a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 1.3. The outer shell 1.1 is provided with a liquid nitrogen filling port 1.4 and a liquid nitrogen outlet 1.5. The liquid nitrogen filling port 1.4 and the liquid nitrogen The air outlet 1.5 is connected to the thermal insulation inner shell 1.2. A high-temperature superconducting block 1.6 is provided at the bottom of the thermal insulation inner shell 1.2. The displacement sensor 3 is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the driving coil 4. The bottom surface of the driving coil 4 is fixed on the permanent magnet track 2. The power supply is electrically connected to the displacement sensor 3, the single-chip microcomputer and the driving coil 4 respectively. The displacement sensor 3 is used to detect the passage or departure of the model car 1. The single-chip microcomputer is used to control the power on / off of the driving coil 4. The displacement sensor 3 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0034] Preferably, the on-board permanent magnet 1.3 is arranged with the N pole facing the outside of the model car 1.

[0035] Preferably, two high-temperature superconducting blocks 1.6 are provided at the bottom of the thermal insulation inner shell 1.2.

[0036] Preferably, the driving coil 4 is formed by winding an enameled wire with a diameter of 1 mm to form a solenoid with a rectangular cross section.

[0037] Preferably, the length of the driving coil 4 is the same as that of the model car 1 .

[0038] Preferably, the shell 1.1 is made of PLA material and is manufactured using 3D printing technology.

[0039] Preferably, the thermal insulation inner shell 1.2 is made of thermal insulation foam material.

[0040] Preferably, the permanent magnet track 2 is made of neodymium iron boron.

[0041] Preferably, the heat-insulating inner shell 1.2 and the outer shell 1.1 adopt an interference fit.

[0042] The present invention provides a driving system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model. When in use, liquid nitrogen is poured into the insulation inner shell 1.2 from the liquid nitrogen filling port 1.4. The high-temperature superconducting block 1.6 in the model car 1 is located above the permanent magnet track 2. Due to the existence of repulsive force, the smaller the distance between the model car 1 and the permanent magnet guide rail, the greater the force. The gravity of the car model will tend to reduce the distance between the high-temperature superconducting block 1.6 and the permanent magnet, so that the car model can be stably suspended above the permanent magnet track 2. The interaction between the drive coil 4 and the on-board permanent magnet 1.3 realizes a non-contact driving mode. By fixing the drive coil 4 at the permanent magnet track 2 and fixing the on-board permanent magnet 1.3 at the four corners of the model car 1, the magnetic poles on both sides of the car body are arranged according to the NSSN principle. When the model car 1 passes the drive coil When the vehicle is at a specific position, current flows through the drive coil 4, generating an attractive force on one end of the onboard permanent magnet 1.3 and a repulsive force on the other end. This energy is then used to drive the model vehicle 1. A displacement sensor 3 is connected to a single-chip microcomputer. Signal transmission is performed by detecting whether a vehicle is located in the middle of the drive coil 4. If so, feedback is provided to the single-chip microcomputer, which then powers the solenoid. Otherwise, the system remains powered, allowing the model vehicle 1 to automatically accelerate or decelerate at the preset position. The system offers two optional operating modes: acceleration and deceleration, enabling position detection, self-driving, and self-braking. The onboard permanent magnets 1.3 located at the four corners of the model vehicle 1 and the high-temperature superconducting block 1.6 located at the bottom of the insulating inner shell 1.2 improve the model vehicle 1's curve negotiating performance and stability during acceleration and deceleration. The present invention offers advantages such as high curve negotiating performance, low cost, and excellent acceleration and deceleration stability.

[0043] Due to the limited number of permanent magnet tracks 2, a dual-block arrangement was implemented. Comparing the operating conditions of a single block and a dual-block design revealed that the dual-block design offers superior stability compared to a single-block model, both when passing through curves and during driving. Therefore, two high-temperature superconducting blocks 1.6 are installed at the bottom of the insulating inner shell 1.2. The liquid nitrogen inlet 1.4 and the liquid nitrogen outlet 1.5 have a diameter of 5mm. The liquid nitrogen inlet 1.4 is located in front of the outer shell 1.1 and is used to pour liquid nitrogen into the insulating inner shell 1.2 to cool the high-temperature superconducting blocks 1.6. The liquid nitrogen outlet 1.5 is located in the rear and is used to vaporize the liquid nitrogen during the filling process, preventing nitrogen from escaping from the inlet and preventing the liquid nitrogen from entering. The insulating inner shell 1.2 and the outer shell 1.1 utilize an interference fit. When the temperature drops, the outer shell 1.1 contracts, clamping the insulating inner shell to ensure stable operation. When it is detected that the model car 1 passes below (at this time half of the model car 1 is in the drive coil 4), the microcontroller causes an appropriate current to flow into the drive coil 4, causing the drive coil 4 to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field acts as a repulsive force on the front-end vehicle permanent magnet and an attractive force on the rear-end vehicle permanent magnet 1.3, thereby enabling the car to obtain a greater driving force. When the displacement sensor 3 detects that the tail of the model car 1 passes, the microcontroller is used to cut off the power supply and complete one circle of acceleration.

[0044] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drive system based on a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model, characterized by: The invention comprises a model car (1), a permanent magnetic track (2), a displacement sensor (3), a single chip microcomputer, a power supply and a drive coil (4); the model car (1) is placed on the permanent magnetic track (2); the model car (1) comprises an outer shell (1.1) and a heat-insulating inner shell (1.2) arranged inside the outer shell (1.1); vehicle-mounted permanent magnets (1.3) are arranged at the four corners inside the outer shell (1.1); a liquid nitrogen filling port (1.4) and a liquid nitrogen outlet (1.5) are provided on the outer shell (1.1); the liquid nitrogen filling port (1.4) and the liquid nitrogen outlet (1.5) are arranged on the outer shell (1.1); ) is connected to the heat-insulating inner shell (1.2), a high-temperature superconducting block material (1.6) is provided at the bottom of the heat-insulating inner shell (1.2), the displacement sensor (3) is provided at the middle of the upper end of the driving coil (4), the bottom surface of the driving coil (4) is fixed on the permanent magnetic track (2), the power supply is electrically connected to the displacement sensor (3), the single-chip microcomputer and the driving coil (4), respectively, the displacement sensor (3) is used to detect the passage or departure of the model car (1), the single-chip microcomputer is used to control the power on / off of the driving coil (4), and the displacement sensor (3) is connected to the single-chip microcomputer; The driving coil (4) is made of a solenoid with a rectangular cross section and is wound with an enameled wire with a diameter of 1 mm; The detection of whether a vehicle is present in the middle of the driving coil (4) is performed. If so, the feedback is sent to the single-chip microcomputer, which supplies power to the solenoid. Otherwise, the power is not cut off, and the model car (1) automatically accelerates or decelerates at a preset position. The automatic acceleration includes passing current through the driving coil (4), generating an attractive force on one end of the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet (1.3) and a repulsive force on the other end, thereby utilizing the generated energy to drive the model car (1).

2. The driving system based on the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The on-board permanent magnet (1.3) is arranged in such a manner that the N pole faces the outside of the model car (1).

3. The driving system based on the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two high-temperature superconducting blocks (1.6) are arranged at the bottom of the heat-insulating inner shell (1.2).

4. The driving system based on the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the driving coil (4) is the same as that of the model car (1).

5. The driving system based on the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell (1.1) is made of PLA material and is manufactured using 3D printing technology.

6. The driving system based on the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating inner shell (1.2) is made of heat-insulating foam material.

7. The driving system based on the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnet track (2) is made of neodymium iron boron.

8. The driving system based on the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating inner shell (1.2) and the outer shell (1.1) are in interference fit.

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