Sample preparation device and method for chemical composition analysis of metal wire materials of electric wires and cables

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sample preparation device and method for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables, and relates to the technical field of chemical composition analysis of aluminum wires of overhead conductors. The main structure includes a driving mechanism, a winding mechanism and a driven mechanism; the winding mechanism is detachably arranged between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism. The sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires and cables in the present invention can effectively solve the problem that the excitation cross-sectional dimensions of small-section aluminum wires do not meet the requirements, the excitation is insufficient, and the direct-reading spectrometer cannot be used for accurate testing, avoid the problem of large errors caused by insufficient excitation of small-section aluminum wires, avoid the deviation of the chemical composition index data of the aluminum wire and affect the judgment of the test index, and avoid the problems of large workload, low efficiency and long time consumption caused by the use of chemical analysis methods and high-temperature melting of the aluminum wire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of chemical composition analysis of overhead conductor aluminum wires, and in particular to a sample preparation device and method for chemical composition analysis of metal wire materials of electric wires and cables. Background Art

[0002] Wires and cables are widely used in power systems as the main carrier of power transmission. Common types include power cables and bare wires. Conductors are the most basic and indispensable components for current information transmission. They are generally made of non-ferrous metal wires with excellent conductivity such as copper and aluminum. The quality of metal wires of wires and cables directly affects the quality of the project and the safety of life and property of consumers.

[0003] Chemical composition is the main factor that determines the performance and quality of metal materials. The chemical composition of copper, aluminum and other wires is clearly defined in standards such as "Copper and Copper Alloy Wire (GB / T21652-2017)" and "Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Drawn Round Wire (GB / T 3195-2016)". At the same time, chemical composition analysis is also a necessary test method when performing failure analysis on wires and cables. At present, chemical analysis and spectral analysis are widely used to analyze the chemical composition of metal materials. The chemical analysis method determines the composition of the metal based on chemical reactions. This method has high accuracy, but the workload is large and the step operation requirements are strict. The spectral analysis method excites the sample with the help of external energy sources such as electric arcs, electric sparks, and lasers, so that the measured element emits a characteristic spectrum, and determines the chemical composition and content of the metal based on the characteristic spectrum generated after the element is excited. At present, spectral analysis is the main means of detecting metal raw materials in factories and enterprises. When using a direct-reading spectrometer for testing, for small-section metal wires with a diameter of less than 5 mm, the excitation cross-sectional size of the sample does not meet the requirements, the excitation is insufficient, and the error is large. As a result, the metal wire cannot be accurately tested using a direct-reading spectrometer, and even causes deviations in the chemical composition index data of the metal wire, affecting the evaluation of the test indicators.

[0004] At present, there are two methods for dealing with the above problems: one is to use chemical analysis methods to mill the metal wire into fragments and use chemical reagents for chemical reactions; the other is to melt the metal wire at high temperature into a metal block with a larger cross-section, and then use a direct reading spectrometer for chemical composition analysis. The above two methods are complicated and dangerous, and have a large workload, low efficiency, and long time consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a convenient and effective processing method to overcome the shortcomings of the above problems in the chemical composition analysis of metal wires of wires and cables. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables, which is easy to operate and has significant effects.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables, comprising a driving mechanism, a winding mechanism and a driven mechanism; the winding mechanism is detachably arranged between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism.

[0008] Optionally, the winding mechanism includes a winding frame, and a first connecting portion is respectively provided at both ends of the winding frame, and the first connecting portion is used for power connection with the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism.

[0009] Optionally, the winding mechanism includes a winding middle axis, two winding side axes and four fixed plates; the first connecting part is arranged at both ends of the winding middle axis, a second connecting part is arranged on the winding middle axis at the root of the first connecting part, a third connecting part is respectively arranged at both ends of the winding side axes, the upper and lower parts of the second connecting part are respectively detachably connected to the middle part of the fixed plate, and the end part of the fixed plate is detachably connected to the third connecting part.

[0010] Optionally, the fixing plate is connected to the winding center axis and the winding side axis via bolts and nuts.

[0011] Optionally, a sample fixing hole is provided on the winding center axis.

[0012] Optionally, the first connecting portion, the second connecting portion and the third connecting portion are all prismatic structures, or the first connecting portion is a prismatic structure, and the second connecting portion and the third connecting portion are planar structures.

[0013] Optionally, the driving mechanism includes an electric motor, a reducer, a driving bracket, a rotating shaft and a first plug; the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the driving bracket, the power output end of the electric motor is drivingly connected to the reducer, the reducer and the rotating shaft are drivingly connected, and the first plug is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft.

[0014] Optionally, the first plug includes a first plug body, and a fourth connecting portion is provided at one end of the first plug body, and the fourth connecting portion is used to connect to one end of the winding mechanism.

[0015] Optionally, the driven mechanism includes a screw rod, a hand wheel, a driven bracket and a second plug; the hand wheel is arranged at one end of the screw rod, the second plug is arranged at the other end of the screw rod, and the screw rod is movably arranged on the driven bracket.

[0016] Optionally, the second plug includes a second plug body, and a fifth connecting portion is provided at one end of the second plug body, and the fifth connecting portion is used to connect to the other end of the winding mechanism.

[0017] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a sample based on the chemical composition analysis of the metal wire material of the electric wire and cable, comprising the following steps:

[0018] (1) Sampling: Cut a certain length of metal wire sample and straighten it. Clean the surface of the metal wire sample with sandpaper and wipe it clean with anhydrous ethanol.

[0019] (2) Assembling the winding mechanism: assemble a winding center shaft, two winding side shafts, four fixing plates and six bolts;

[0020] (3) Fixing the sample: Pass one end of the metal wire sample through the sample fixing hole of the winding center axis of the winding frame and fix it, then insert the first connecting part at the right end of the winding frame into the first plug, rotate the hand wheel, and move the driven mechanism to the left through the spiral rod, so that the first connecting part at the left end of the winding frame is inserted into the second plug;

[0021] (4) Sample preparation: Start the driving mechanism to drive the winding mechanism to rotate at a speed of 5-6 r / min. Pull the metal wire sample hard and wind it regularly. Determine the number of winding turns according to the required cross-sectional area.

[0022] (5) Removing the wound sample: After the winding is completed, cut off the fixed end and the remaining end of the metal wire sample, rotate the hand wheel in the reverse direction, remove the bolt, and remove the wound metal wire sample to obtain the metal wire sample;

[0023] (6) Extrusion: Clean the contact surface between the wire pressing pad and the metal wire sample with anhydrous ethanol, place the wound metal wire sample between two wire pressing pads, and then extrude it through a press;

[0024] (7) Polishing: Select a dense and flat area on the surface of the extruded metal wire sample and polish it with sandpaper or a grinder, and then clean the polished surface with anhydrous ethanol;

[0025] (8) Test: A direct reading spectrometer was used to analyze the chemical composition of the polished area.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0027] The main structure of the sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables in the present invention includes a driving mechanism, a winding mechanism and a driven mechanism; the winding mechanism is detachably arranged between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism. The sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires and cables in the present invention can effectively solve the problem that the excitation cross-sectional size of small-section aluminum wires does not meet the requirements, the excitation is insufficient, and the direct reading spectrometer cannot be used for accurate testing, avoids the problem of large errors caused by insufficient excitation of small-section aluminum wires, avoids the deviation of the chemical composition index data of aluminum wires and affects the judgment of test indicators, and avoids the problems of large workload, low efficiency and long time consumption caused by using chemical analysis methods and high-temperature melting of aluminum wires. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the winding mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic top view of the winding mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic side view of the winding mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a winding central shaft in a winding mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a winding side shaft in a winding mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a winding mechanism fixing plate provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a winding mechanism fixing plate provided by the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 A schematic top view of a fixing sheet in a winding mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10A schematic side view of a fixing plate of a winding mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0039] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the driving mechanism in the present invention;

[0040] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of the winding mechanism plug provided by the present invention;

[0041] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of the wire pressing pad provided by the present invention;

[0042] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the structure of the driven mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0043] Fig.15 It is a structural schematic diagram of the support in the present invention;

[0044] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the structure of the metal wire winding provided by the present invention;

[0045] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of the structure of the metal wire after winding provided by the present invention;

[0046] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Winding mechanism; 11. Winding center axis; 12. Winding side axis; 13. Fixing plate; 15. Bolt; 16. Sample fixing hole; 17. Nut; 2. Driving mechanism; 21. Motor; 22. Reducer; 23. Gear; 24. Transmission chain; 25. Bearing; 26. First plug; 27. Second plug; 28. Rotating shaft; 3. Driven mechanism; 31. Screw rod; 32. Handwheel; 4. Support; 5. Wire pressing pad; 6. Metal wire sample. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Embodiment 1:

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables, comprising a driving mechanism 2, a winding mechanism 1 and a driven mechanism 3; the winding mechanism 1 is detachably arranged between the driving mechanism 2 and the driven mechanism 3.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, Figure 1-17As shown, the winding mechanism 1 includes a winding frame, and a first connecting portion is respectively provided at both ends of the winding frame, and the first connecting portion is used for power connection with the driving mechanism 2 and the driven mechanism 3.

[0051] The winding frame includes a winding center axis 11, two winding side axes 12 and four fixing plates 13; the first connecting portion is arranged at both ends of the winding center axis 11, a second connecting portion is arranged on the winding center axis 11 at the root of the first connecting portion, a third connecting portion is respectively arranged at both ends of the winding side axis 12, the upper and lower portions of the second connecting portion are respectively detachably connected to the middle portion of the fixing plate 13, and the end portion of the fixing plate 13 is detachably connected to the third connecting portion.

[0052] The fixing plate 13 is connected to the winding center shaft 11 and the winding side shaft 12 by bolts and nuts.

[0053] The winding center shaft 11 is provided with a sample fixing hole 16 .

[0054] The first connecting part, the second connecting part and the third connecting part are all prismatic structures, or the first connecting part is a prismatic structure, and the second connecting part and the third connecting part are planar structures. Specifically, at the positions of the second connecting part and the third connecting part on the winding center axis 11 and the winding side axis 12, the winding center axis 11 and the winding side axis 12 are milled to process the axial surfaces into planes.

[0055] The driving mechanism 2 includes an electric motor 21, a reducer 22, a driving bracket, a rotating shaft 28 and a first plug 26; the rotating shaft 28 is rotatably arranged on the driving bracket, the power output end of the electric motor 21 is drivingly connected to the reducer 22, the reducer 22 is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft 28, and the first plug 26 is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft 28.

[0056] The first plug 26 includes a first plug 26 body. A fourth connection portion is disposed at one end of the first plug 26 body. The fourth connection portion is used to connect to one end of the winding mechanism 1 .

[0057] The driven mechanism 3 includes a screw rod 31, a hand wheel 32, a driven bracket and a second plug 27; the hand wheel 32 is arranged at one end of the screw rod 31, the second plug 27 is arranged at the other end of the screw rod 31, and the screw rod 31 is movably arranged on the driven bracket.

[0058] The second plug 27 includes a second plug 27 body. A fifth connecting portion is disposed at one end of the second plug 27 body. The fifth connecting portion is used to connect to the other end of the winding mechanism 1 .

[0059] The sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables in this embodiment further comprises a wire pressing pad 5 , which is composed of two identical plates.

[0060] When preparing the sample, a certain length of aluminum wire is cut and straightened, the surface of the aluminum wire is cleaned with sandpaper, and it is wiped clean with anhydrous ethanol, one end of the aluminum wire is passed through the sample fixing hole 16 and fixed, and the aluminum wire is tightly wound into a desired shape by axial rotation of the winding mechanism 1, the wound aluminum wire sample is placed between two wire pressing pads 5, and placed in a press for extrusion, one end of the extruded aluminum wire sample is polished with sandpaper or a grinder, and then a direct reading spectrometer is used for chemical composition analysis.

[0061] Embodiment 2:

[0062] This embodiment provides a sample preparation method based on a sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables, comprising the following steps:

[0063] 1. Sampling: Cut a certain length of metal wire sample 6 and straighten it, clean the surface of the metal wire sample 6 with sandpaper, and wipe it clean with anhydrous ethanol;

[0064] 2. Assemble the winding frame: Assemble a winding center shaft 11, two winding side shafts 12, four fixing plates 13 and six bolts 15 according to the attached Figure 2 Assemble as shown;

[0065] 3. Fixing the sample: Pass one end of the metal wire sample 6 through the sample fixing hole 16 of the winding center axis 11 of the winding frame 1 and fix it, then insert the solid rectangular parallelepiped with a square cross section at the right end of the winding frame 1 into the first plug 26, rotate the hand wheel 32, and move the driven mechanism 3 to the left through the spiral rod 31, so that the solid rectangular parallelepiped with a square cross section at the left end of the winding frame 1 is inserted into the second plug 27;

[0066] 4. Sample preparation: Start the drive mechanism 2 to drive the winding frame 1 to rotate at a speed of 5-6r / min. Pull the metal wire sample 6 with force and follow the instructions. Fig.16 Perform regular winding as shown, and determine the number of winding turns according to the required cross-sectional area;

[0067] 5. Remove the wound sample: After winding, cut off the fixed end and the remaining end of the metal wire sample 6, rotate the hand wheel 32 in the reverse direction, remove the bolt 15, remove the wound metal wire sample 6, and obtain the attached Fig.17 The metal wire sample 6 shown;

[0068] 6. Extrusion: Clean the contact surface between the wire pressing pad 5 and the metal wire sample 6 with anhydrous ethanol, place the wound metal wire sample 6 between the two wire pressing pads 5, and then extrude it through a press;

[0069] 7. Grinding: Select a dense and flat area on the surface of the extruded metal wire sample 6 and grind it with sandpaper or a grinder, and clean the polished surface with anhydrous ethanol;

[0070] 8. Test: Use direct reading spectrometer to analyze the chemical composition of the polished area.

[0071] By regularly winding, extruding, and polishing the aluminum wire sample in this embodiment, and then using a direct-reading spectrometer to perform chemical composition analysis, the problem that the excitation cross-sectional size of the small-section aluminum wire does not meet the requirements, the excitation is insufficient, and the direct-reading spectrometer cannot be used for accurate testing can be effectively solved, and the problem of large errors caused by insufficient excitation of small-section aluminum wires can be avoided. The data deviation of the chemical composition index of the aluminum wire can be avoided, which affects the evaluation of the test index, and the problems of large workload, low efficiency, and long time consumption caused by the use of chemical analysis methods and high-temperature melting of the aluminum wire can be avoided. At the same time, the sample preparation method based on the present invention is easy to operate, has significant effects, and improves safety.

[0072] It should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention, and any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0073] The present specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables, characterized in that: It comprises a driving mechanism, a winding mechanism and a driven mechanism; the winding mechanism is detachably arranged between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism; It also includes a wire pressing pad, which is two identical plates; the aluminum wire sample is placed between the two wire pressing pads; The winding mechanism comprises a winding frame, and a first connecting portion is respectively provided at both ends of the winding frame, and the first connecting portion is used for power connection with the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism; The winding mechanism includes a winding central axis, two winding side axes and four fixing plates; the first connecting part is arranged at both ends of the winding central axis, a second connecting part is arranged on the winding central axis at the root of the first connecting part, a third connecting part is arranged at both ends of the winding side axes, the upper and lower parts of the second connecting part are respectively detachably connected to the middle part of the fixing plate, and the end part of the fixing plate is detachably connected to the third connecting part.

2. The sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The winding center shaft is provided with a sample fixing hole.

3. The sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting portion, the second connecting portion and the third connecting portion are all prism structures, or the first connecting portion is a prism structure, and the second connecting portion and the third connecting portion are planar structures.

4. The sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes an electric motor, a reducer, a driving bracket, a rotating shaft and a first plug; the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the driving bracket, the power output end of the electric motor is drivingly connected to the reducer, the reducer is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft, and the first plug is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft.

5. The sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first plug includes a first plug body. A fourth connection portion is disposed at one end of the first plug body. The fourth connection portion is used to connect to one end of the winding mechanism.

6. The sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driven mechanism comprises a screw rod, a hand wheel, a driven bracket and a second plug; the hand wheel is arranged at one end of the screw rod, the second plug is arranged at the other end of the screw rod, and the screw rod is movably arranged on the driven bracket.

7. The sample preparation device for chemical composition analysis of metal wires of electric wires and cables according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second plug includes a second plug body. A fifth connecting portion is disposed at one end of the second plug body. The fifth connecting portion is used to connect to the other end of the winding mechanism.

8. A method for preparing a sample for chemical composition analysis of a metal wire material of a wire and cable according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: (1) Sampling: Cut a certain length of metal wire sample and straighten it. Clean the surface of the metal wire sample with sandpaper and wipe it clean with anhydrous ethanol. (2) Assembling the winding mechanism: assemble a winding center shaft, two winding side shafts, four fixing plates and six bolts; (3) Fixing the sample: Pass one end of the metal wire sample through the sample fixing hole of the winding center axis of the winding frame and fix it, then insert the first connecting part at the right end of the winding frame into the first plug, rotate the hand wheel, and move the driven mechanism to the left through the spiral rod, so that the first connecting part at the left end of the winding frame is inserted into the second plug; (4) Sample preparation: Start the driving mechanism to drive the winding mechanism to rotate at a speed of 5-6 r / min. Pull the metal wire sample hard and wind it regularly. Determine the number of winding turns according to the required cross-sectional area. (5) Removing the wound sample: After the winding is completed, cut off the fixed end and the remaining end of the metal wire sample, rotate the hand wheel in the reverse direction, remove the bolt, and remove the wound metal wire sample to obtain the metal wire sample; (6) Extrusion: Clean the contact surface between the wire pressing pad and the metal wire sample with anhydrous ethanol, place the wound metal wire sample between two wire pressing pads, and then extrude it through a press; (7) Polishing: Select a dense and flat area on the surface of the extruded metal wire sample and polish it with sandpaper or a grinder, and then clean the polished surface with anhydrous ethanol; (8) Test: A direct reading spectrometer was used to analyze the chemical composition of the polished area.

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