Discharge unit based on series gas discharge tube high voltage pulse power switch

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of pyrotechnics, and specifically relates to a discharge unit based on a series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch. The unit comprises a series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, a printed circuit board (PCB), an integrated exploding foil initiator, and a pulse power capacitor; the series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, the integrated exploding foil initiator, and the pulse power capacitor are integrated in series on the PCB. The present invention utilizes technologically mature and inexpensive discharge tubes in series to create a pulse power switch, which is then applied to the pulse power field. This reduces the cost of the pulse power switch. Furthermore, by integrating the switch, exploding foil initiator, and high-voltage pulse capacitor on the PCB, the discharge circuit is shortened and energy efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of explosive devices, and in particular relates to a discharge unit based on a series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch. Background Art

[0002] Pulse power technology is a short pulse technology that uses high voltage, high current, and high power. Generally speaking, a pulse power device includes a primary energy source, an intermediate energy storage and pulse forming system, a switching conversion system, a measurement system, and a load. The formation process is as follows: first, the primary energy source is slowly stored to have sufficient energy; second, energy is injected into the intermediate energy storage and pulse forming system; third, the energy is stored, compressed, pulsed, or converted, and after some complex processes, it is quickly released to the load. The power on the load during pulse discharge is between 10 6 W or above.

[0003] The performance of high-voltage switches significantly impacts the rise time and amplitude of pulses. The closing speed of a high-voltage switch is the most important performance requirement, indicating its ability to allow pulse current to pass. The resistance and inductance of a high-voltage switch determine its performance. Low-impedance, low-inductance high-voltage switches result in less energy loss, and therefore, they hold a special place in pulse power systems.

[0004] The high-voltage switch is a key component of the exploding foil initiator system, directly determining the output characteristics of the initiator circuit and influencing the initiator's ignition performance. Currently, the predominantly used switches are gas and vacuum switches, IGBTs, and MCTs, which feature a three-electrode spark gap structure. IGBTs and MCTs have low operating voltage limits (MCT switches have an operating voltage of less than 1400V), low operating temperature limits, high leakage currents, and slow response speeds. However, the high price of gas and vacuum switches with three-electrode spark gap structures makes them unsuitable for use in low-cost applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a discharge unit based on a series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch.

[0006] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is: a discharge unit based on a series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, comprising a series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, a PCB circuit board, an integrated exploding foil initiator and a pulse power capacitor;

[0007] The series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, the integrated exploding foil initiator and the pulse power capacitor are integrated in series on a PCB circuit board.

[0008] Furthermore, the series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch is formed by welding two closed gas discharge tubes with different breakdown voltages in series, with the leads at both ends serving as the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, respectively, and a wire leading between the two discharge tubes serving as the trigger electrode; the switch is turned on by applying a trigger voltage between the trigger electrode and the high-breakdown voltage gas tube.

[0009] Furthermore, each discharge tube includes two electrodes, a ceramic tube shell and an inert gas encapsulated in the ceramic tube shell; the inert gas is argon or neon, and the anode electrode, the trigger electrode and the cathode electrode are pure iron electrodes.

[0010] Furthermore, the PCB circuit board is provided with a first pad, a second pad and a third pad. The wiring line of the PCB circuit board starts from the third pad, passes through the second pad and the first pad in series, and finally returns to the other end of the third pad.

[0011] Furthermore, the series gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch is located at the first pad on the PCB circuit board, and its anode electrode, trigger electrode and cathode electrode pass through the through hole and are welded to the first pad.

[0012] Furthermore, the integrated exploding foil detonator is located at the second pad on the PCB circuit board, and is press-welded to the two ends of the second pad through the pads at both ends of the integrated exploding foil detonator; the second pad exists on both sides of the PCB circuit board, and the pads on both sides are connected. When conducting electrical performance and speed test, the exploding foil detonator is welded to the pad on one side of the device on the PCB circuit board to facilitate position adjustment and observation during the test; when conducting the detonation test, the exploding foil detonator is welded to the pad on the opposite side of the device on the PCB circuit board.

[0013] Furthermore, the pulse power capacitor is located at the third pad of the PCB circuit board and is soldered into the PCB circuit board through the third pad.

[0014] Furthermore, the thickness of the PCB circuit board is 1mm-2mm, and the material of the PCB circuit board is FR-4, FR-1 or FR-2.

[0015] Furthermore, the integrated exploding foil initiator comprises a first substrate layer, a metal foil layer, a flyer layer and an acceleration chamber;

[0016] The first base layer serves as the back plate of the exploding foil initiator, so that the plasma generated by the electric explosion in the bridge area is mainly used to drive the flyer; the metal foil layer is deposited on the base layer through a magnetron sputtering process; the flyer layer serves as a transducer medium for impact detonation of energetic materials; and the acceleration chamber provides space for accelerating the flyer.

[0017] Furthermore, the pulse power capacitor serves as an energy storage unit, and a quarter discharge period of the pulse power capacitor is between one hundred and two hundred nanoseconds.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0019] (1) The present invention manufactures a pulse power switch by connecting low-cost discharge tubes in series and applies it to the pulse power field, which greatly reduces the cost of the pulse power switch and enables the original high-cost exploding foil initiator to be used in the civilian blasting field;

[0020] (2) Compared with the inherent one-time action characteristic of single-shot high-voltage switches, series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switches can be reused multiple times without affecting their performance;

[0021] (3) The second pads are located on both sides of the PCB. When conducting electrical performance and speed test, the exploding foil initiator is welded to the pad on one side of the device on the PCB to facilitate position adjustment and observation during the test. When conducting the detonation test, the exploding foil initiator is welded to the pad on the opposite side of the device on the PCB to protect the pulse power switch and pulse power capacitor when detonating the explosive.

[0022] (4) Integrating the switch, exploding foil initiator, and high-voltage pulse capacitor on the PCB can shorten the discharge circuit and improve energy utilization;

[0023] (5) The discharge unit of the present application is easy to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the discharge unit based on a series gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch.

[0025] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the discharge unit of a high-voltage pulse power switch based on a series gas discharge tube.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the discharge unit AA of a high-voltage pulse power switch based on a series-type gas discharge tube.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of PCB circuit board wiring.

[0028] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional outline of an integrated exploding foil initiator.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the integrated exploding foil initiator BB.

[0030] Description of reference numerals:

[0031] 1- anode electrode, 2- ceramic tube shell, 3- inert gas, 4- trigger electrode, 5- cathode electrode, 6- PCB circuit board, 7- through hole, 8- first soldering pad, 9- second soldering pad, 10- third soldering pad, 11- integrated exploding foil initiator, 12- pulse power capacitor, 13- first base layer, 14- metal foil layer, 15- flying sheet layer, 16- acceleration chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Combine Figures 1 to 6 The discharge unit based on the series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch includes a series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, a PCB circuit board, an integrated exploding foil initiator and a pulse power capacitor. The series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, the integrated exploding foil initiator and the pulse power capacitor are integrated in series on the PCB circuit board.

[0035] The series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch includes an anode electrode 1 , a ceramic tube shell 2 , an inert gas 3 , a trigger electrode 4 and a cathode electrode 5 .

[0036] The series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch consists of two enclosed gas discharge tubes with different breakdown voltages welded in series. The leads at both ends serve as the anode electrode 1 and cathode electrode 5, and a wire in the middle serves as the trigger electrode 4. Applying a trigger voltage between the trigger electrode 4 and the high-breakdown voltage gas tube turns the switch on.

[0037] The PCB circuit board 6 serves as a carrier for the series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, the integrated exploding foil initiator 11, and the pulse power capacitor 12. The series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch is located at the first soldering pad 8 on the PCB circuit board 6. Its anode electrode 1, trigger electrode 4, and cathode electrode 5 pass through the through hole 7 and are soldered to the first soldering pad 8 to ensure the stability of the switch on the PCB circuit board 6.

[0038] The integrated exploding foil detonator 11 is located at the second pad 9 on the PCB 6, and is pressure-welded to the ends of the second pad 9 via the pads at both ends of the integrated exploding foil detonator 11. Simultaneously, the second pad 9 also exists on the other side of the PCB 6 at the same location, and the pads on both sides are interconnected. When conducting electrical performance and speed testing, the exploding foil detonator 11 is soldered to the pads on one side of the device on the PCB 6 to facilitate position adjustment and observation during testing. When conducting detonation tests, the exploding foil detonator 11 is soldered to the pads on the opposite side of the device on the PCB 6. This protects the pulse power switch and pulse power capacitor 12 during explosive detonation. The pulse power capacitor 12 is located at the third pad 10 on the PCB 6 and is soldered to the PCB 6 via the third pad 10. The wiring on the PCB 6 is used to connect the series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, the integrated exploding foil detonator 11, and the pulse power capacitor 12. The circuit begins at the third pad 10, passes through the second pad 9 and the first pad 8 in series, and finally returns to the other end of the third pad 10. The integrated exploding foil initiator 11 includes a first base layer 13, a metal foil layer 14, a flyer layer, and an acceleration chamber 15. The first base layer 13 serves as the backplane of the exploding foil initiator 11, so that the plasma generated by the electrical explosion in the bridge region is primarily used to drive the flyers. The metal foil layer 14 is deposited on the base layer via a magnetron sputtering process. The flyer layer 15 serves as the energy conversion medium for the impact-initiated energetic material. The acceleration chamber 15 provides space for the flyer acceleration. The pulse power capacitor 12, as an energy storage unit, has the ability to discharge rapidly, with a quarter discharge cycle between one hundred and two hundred nanoseconds.

[0039] Example

[0040] Combine Figures 1 to 6 The discharge unit based on the series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch includes a series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, a PCB circuit board, an integrated exploding foil initiator, and a pulse power capacitor. The series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch is a device that welds two closed gas discharge tubes with different breakdown voltages in series. The gas discharge tube size is The tube shell is made of ceramic material and filled with an inert gas of either Ar or Ne. Leads at both ends serve as the anode electrode 1 and cathode electrode 5, with a central wire serving as the trigger electrode 4. Considering the ignition voltage used by the exploding foil initiator 11 is between 1000V and 2000V, the breakdown voltage of the selected gas discharge tube is also below 2000V. Applying a trigger voltage between the trigger electrode 4 and the high-breakdown voltage gas tube turns the switch on. The PCB circuit board 6, which serves as a carrier for the series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, the integrated exploding foil initiator 11, and the pulse power capacitor 12, has a surface dimension of 32mm x 23mm. The series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch is located on the first solder pad 8 of the PCB circuit board 6. Its anode electrode 1, trigger electrode 4, and cathode electrode 5 pass through a through-hole 7 and are soldered to the first solder pad 8 to ensure the switch's stability on the PCB circuit board 6.

[0041] The integrated exploding foil initiator 11 is located at the second pad 9 on the PCB 6, and is pressure-welded to the ends of the second pad 9 via the pads at both ends of the integrated exploding foil initiator 11. The second pad 9 also exists on the other side of the PCB 6 at the same location, and the pads on both sides are interconnected. When conducting electrical performance and speed testing, the exploding foil initiator 11 is soldered to the pads on one side of the device on the PCB 6 to facilitate position adjustment and observation during testing. When conducting detonation tests, the exploding foil initiator 11 is soldered to the pads on the opposite side of the device on the PCB 6. This protects the pulse power switch and pulse power capacitor 12 during explosive detonation. The pulse power capacitor 12 is located at the third pad 10 on the PCB 6 and is soldered to the PCB 6 via the third pad 10. The wiring on the PCB 6 is used to connect the series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, the integrated exploding foil initiator 11, and the pulse power capacitor 12. The circuit begins at the third pad 10, passes through the second pad 9 and the first pad 8 in series, and finally returns to the other end of the third pad 10. The integrated exploding foil initiator 11 comprises a first base layer 13, a metal foil layer 14, a flyer layer, and an acceleration chamber 15. The first base layer 13 serves as the backplane of the exploding foil initiator 11, allowing the plasma generated by the electrical explosion in the bridge region to primarily drive the flyers. The metal foil layer 14 is deposited on the base layer via a magnetron sputtering process. The flyer layer 15 serves as the energy conversion medium for impact detonation of the energetic material. The acceleration chamber 15 provides space for the flyer acceleration.

[0042] By connecting a discharge unit based on a series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch to an external pulse power unit, researchers conducted research on the electrical explosion characteristics of exploding foil, the electrical explosion plasma-driven flyering, and the impact initiation of HNS explosives by flyering. The experimental mechanism for the impact initiation of HNS explosives by flyering is as follows: the control module sends a trigger signal to the high-voltage switch, which then closes, generating a high pulse current in the circuit. When this pulse current passes through the integrated exploding foil initiator, the metal bridge foil, due to electrical explosion, drives the flyering to impact the HNS charge, causing the charge to explode.

[0043] The research results show that the discharge unit based on the series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch can successfully detonate the refined HNS explosive under the condition of 0.30μF / 1.5kV, which proves that the series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch can be used as the discharge unit of the exploding foil initiator, and the discharge unit can meet the use conditions in the pulse power field.

Claims

1. A discharge unit based on a series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, characterized in that: It includes a series gas discharge tube high voltage pulse power switch, a PCB circuit board, an integrated exploding foil initiator and a pulse power capacitor; The series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch, the integrated exploding foil initiator and the pulse power capacitor are integrated in series on a PCB circuit board; The series-type gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch is formed by welding two closed gas discharge tubes with different breakdown voltages in series, with leads at both ends serving as an anode electrode (1) and a cathode electrode (5), and a wire leading between the two discharge tubes serving as a trigger electrode (4). A trigger voltage is applied between the trigger electrode (4) and the high-breakdown voltage gas tube to turn on the switch. The PCB circuit board (6) is provided with a first soldering pad (8), a second soldering pad (9) and a third soldering pad (10); a wiring line of the PCB circuit board (6) starts from the third soldering pad (10), passes through the second soldering pad (9), the first soldering pad (8) in series, and finally returns to the other end of the third soldering pad (10); The series-connected gas discharge tube high-voltage pulse power switch is located at a first pad (8) on a PCB circuit board (6), and its anode electrode (1), trigger electrode (4) and cathode electrode (5) pass through a through hole (7) and are welded to the first pad (8); The integrated exploding foil detonator (11) is located at the second pad (9) on the PCB circuit board (6), and is press-welded to the two ends of the second pad (9) through the pads at both ends of the integrated exploding foil detonator (11); the second pad (9) exists on both sides of the PCB circuit board (6), and the pads on both sides are connected. When conducting electrical performance and speed test, the exploding foil detonator (11) is welded to the pad on one side of the device on the PCB circuit board (6) to facilitate position adjustment and observation during the test; when conducting the detonation test, the exploding foil detonator (11) is welded to the pad on the opposite side of the device on the PCB circuit board (6); Each discharge tube comprises two electrodes, a ceramic tube shell (2) and an inert gas (3) encapsulated in the ceramic tube shell (2); the inert gas (3) is argon or neon, and the anode electrode (1), the trigger electrode (4) and the cathode electrode (5) are pure iron electrodes; The pulse power capacitor (12) is located at the third soldering pad (10) of the PCB circuit board (6) and is soldered into the PCB circuit board (6) via the third soldering pad (10); The thickness of the PCB circuit board (6) is 1 mm to 2 mm, and the material of the PCB circuit board (6) is FR-4, FR-1 or FR-2; The integrated exploding foil initiator (11) comprises a first base layer (13), a metal foil layer (14), a flyer layer (15) and an acceleration chamber (16); The first base layer (13) serves as a back plate of the exploding foil initiator, so that the plasma generated by the electrical explosion in the bridge area is mainly used to drive the flyer; the metal foil layer (14) is deposited on the base layer by a magnetron sputtering process; the flyer layer (15) serves as a transducer medium for impact-initiating energetic materials; and the acceleration chamber (16) provides space for accelerating the flyer; The pulse power capacitor (12) serves as an energy storage unit, and a quarter discharge period of the pulse power capacitor (12) is between one hundred and two hundred nanoseconds.

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