Rock mass controlled blasting device and blasting method

Abstract

A rock mass controlled blasting device and blasting method, comprising a three-way energy-gathering slot tube, which is detachably connected to a wall cover card, and the three-way energy-gathering slot tube and the wall cover card constitute a blasting device body, and the two ends of the blasting device body are respectively provided with a tail detonating cord support plate buckle and a head detonating cord casing, and a head detonating cord buckle plate is provided in the head detonating cord casing. The invention can effectively control the radial excitation position of explosives, the direction of the energy-gathering jet, and the forming quality and safety stability of the protected rock surface, so that the bulk rate and the sticking rate of the buffer layer or the light explosion layer are significantly reduced, and the occurrence of secondary processing is reduced or even eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting, and in particular relates to a rock mass controlled blasting device and a blasting method used for rock mass pre-splitting blasting and rock mass smooth blasting. Background Art

[0002] In the field of engineering construction, it is often necessary to excavate rocks along the designed excavation contour line. During construction, the rocks outside the contour line should be kept in their original state as much as possible, and they should not be disturbed or damaged as much as possible, so that the retained rock surface is flat and stable; at the same time, the rocks within the excavation contour line need to be fully broken, suitable for cleaning and transportation, and should be blasted once without secondary treatment. Therefore, in slope engineering, tunnel engineering, etc., engineering technicians use pre-splitting (smooth surface) blasting technology to achieve the purpose of controlled excavation of the retained rock surface.

[0003] At present, the engineering construction field has high requirements on the design of the excavation contour surface forming dimensions and the later safety and stability of the rock surface; on the other hand, it pays more and more attention to the economy of engineering construction.

[0004] The use of traditional pre-splitting (smooth surface) blasting technology has deficiencies in terms of blast hole quantity, rock surface crack control, etc. The existing smooth surface blasting technology, such as the "tunnel excavation concentrated water pressure rock mass controlled blasting device and blasting method" disclosed in Chinese patent document CN201610439774.3, and the "a peripheral eye charging structure and construction method for concentrated water pressure smooth surface blasting" disclosed in Chinese patent document CN 110332860 A, uses concentrated water pressure blasting technology, which only utilizes the energy-gathering effect of the charge type. Although the blast hole quantity, smooth blast hole spacing, and charge quantity are improved compared with the traditional smooth surface blasting effect, the device and method have random radial excitation points of explosives, unstable energy-gathering direction, inconvenient operation process, and the post-blasting effect needs to be improved, especially in terms of the control of rock fragmentation size and secondary treatment of the buffer layer or smooth blast layer, which is even inferior to the traditional pre-splitting (smooth surface) blasting technology, and cannot be flexibly designed by on-site engineering and technical personnel according to specific rock conditions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the rock controlled blasting device and blasting method provided by the present invention can effectively control the radial excitation position of the explosives, the direction of the focused jet and the forming quality and safety stability of the protected rock surface, so as to significantly reduce the large block rate and the sticking rate of the buffer layer or the light blasting layer, and reduce or even eliminate the occurrence of secondary processing.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:

[0007] A rock mass controlled blasting device comprises a three-way energy-gathering trough tube, which is detachably connected to a wall protection cover plate card. The three-way energy-gathering trough tube and the wall protection cover plate card constitute a main body of the blasting device. A tail detonating cord support plate buckle and a head detonating cord casing are respectively arranged at two ends of the main body of the blasting device, and a head detonating cord buckle plate is arranged in the head detonating cord casing.

[0008] In the preferred scheme, the three-way energy focusing groove tube includes an arc-shaped contour plate, the outer contour radius of the arc-shaped contour plate is R, the outer wall of the middle part of the arc-shaped contour plate is recessed toward the center of the circle to form an excavation side energy focusing groove, the excavation side energy focusing groove is a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the excavation side energy focusing groove is γ; the outer walls of the edges at both ends of the arc-shaped contour plate are recessed toward the center of the circle to form a contour surface energy focusing groove, the contour surface energy focusing groove is a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the contour surface energy focusing groove is α; the value of α is 20°~120°, and the value of γ is 20°~120°.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the wall cover plate card includes an arc-shaped cover plate, and the axis of the arc-shaped cover plate is arranged to coincide with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate; L-shaped bayonet ports are provided at both ends of the arc-shaped cover plate, and the two ends of the arc-shaped contour plate are used to be inserted into the L-shaped bayonet ports; the L-shaped bayonet includes an arc-shaped slot, and the axis of the arc-shaped slot is arranged to coincide with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate, and the central angle of the arc-shaped slot is β.

[0010] In the preferred scheme, the values ​​of α and γ are both 45°, and the value of β is 6°~12°; the three-way energy focusing trough tube is made of aluminum alloy, the outer wall of the three-way energy focusing trough tube is coated with insulating paint, the wall cover plate card, the tail detonating cord support plate buckle, the head detonating cord casing and the head detonating cord buckle plate are all made of polyvinyl chloride; the wall thickness of the three-way energy focusing trough tube is 0.6~1mm, and the thickness of the insulating paint is 0.3~0.5mm.

[0011] In the preferred scheme, the tail detonating cord support plate buckle includes concentric shaped circular plates, the center of the concentric shaped circular plates is provided with concentric circular holes, and the concentric circular holes are used to pass through and limit the detonating cord; the concentric shaped circular plates include a first semicircular plate and a second semicircular plate, and the centers of the first semicircular plate and the second semicircular plate coincide with each other; a plurality of V-shaped clips are provided on the concentric shaped circular plates, and the V-shaped clips are fitted with the excavation side energy focusing groove and the contour surface energy focusing groove from the inside; a semicircular casing is provided on the edge of the second semicircular plate; the lengths of the V-shaped clips and the semicircular casing are both b; the length of the three-way energy focusing groove tube is L, the length of the wall cover plate card is L1, and the thickness of the concentric shaped circular plates is c, L1=L+c.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the head detonating cord casing comprises a casing, a circular partition is provided in the middle of the casing, the circular partition is provided with a first eccentric hole, the radius of the first eccentric hole is r, the eccentric distance of the first eccentric hole is a, the first eccentric hole is used to pass the detonating cord, r is greater than 0.4-0.6mm of the radius of the detonating cord; the length between the circular partition and the edge of the casing is d, the inner diameter of the casing is R1, and the outer diameter of the casing is R2.

[0013] In the preferred scheme, the head detonating cord snap plate is a strip plate structure, the edges at both ends of the strip plate are arc edges, the radius of the arc edge is R4, and the arc edge is used to fit and lock with the inner wall of the head detonating cord casing; the width of the head detonating cord snap plate is 2d+2r, and a second eccentric hole is provided on the head detonating cord snap plate, the radius of the second eccentric hole is r, and the eccentric distance of the second eccentric hole is a.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the blasting device body is externally sleeved with an in-hole fixed flexible support, which is provided with concentric shaped holes including a first semicircular hole and a second semicircular hole, and the outer wall of the in-hole fixed flexible support is hexagonal.

[0015] This patent can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The blasting device provided by the present invention can effectively control the radial excitation position of explosives, the direction of the focused jet, the development length of the contour crack, the forming quality and safety stability of the protected rock surface, so that the block rate and the sticking rate of the buffer layer or the light blasting layer (the situation where the rocks of the buffer layer or the light blasting layer are not fully broken and blasted, and still stick to the contour surface in a layered form is called sticking) are significantly reduced, reducing or even eliminating the occurrence of secondary processing; the blasting method provided by the present invention can be flexibly adjusted by engineering and technical personnel according to the specific conditions such as the rock properties and the requirements for the contour surface forming specifications, the blasthole parameters, the focused groove angle, the focused flow direction, the water pressure, the uncoupled charge coefficient and the charge structure. The present invention improves the economy of engineering construction from the aspects of the amount of blastholes and blasting materials, the removal of blasting slag, the post-blasting rock surface treatment rate and the quality qualification rate.

[0017] 2. It has an energy-gathering effect. In addition to the energy-gathering effect formed by the explosive groove shape, the high-density metal energy-gathering groove mother material forms a "I"-shaped high-energy density jet in the axial direction of the blasthole, which is more lethal. It effectively forms the initial cut on the rock mass of the blasthole wall, creating conditions for the subsequent stress wave rock breaking and high-temperature and high-pressure gas to do work.

[0018] 3. It has an energy-enhancing effect. The base material of the three-way energy-gathering groove pipe is a high-combustion-heat metal material. In addition to providing a high-energy-density jet at the energy-gathering groove, the base material at the arc part also releases a large amount of heat after explosion and combustion, thereby improving the work-doing capacity of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the explosion.

[0019] 4. It has a wall protection effect. When the explosives explode, the semicircular non-metallic gasifiable material of the wall protection cover card itself is thickened and axially arranged on the side of the protected rock surface of the blasthole, effectively reducing the initial pressure of the detonation wave and inhibiting the generation of cracks in the blasthole wall, thereby producing a wall protection effect on the protected rock surface, which is beneficial to the safety and stability of the rock surface.

[0020] 5. The direction of the energy-gathering trough's energy-gathering jet is controllable. This device is designed with a detonating cord limiter, which is always located at the axis of the concentric circles of the blasting device, that is, at the common vertex of the three energy-gathering troughs. The explosives are activated at the center just above the vertex of the energy-gathering trough, and the energy-gathering trough plays its maximum role and points accurately, which is more conducive to controlling the excavation contour and the flatness of the protected rock surface. The detonating cord limiter refers to the tail detonating cord support plate buckle, the head detonating cord casing, and the head detonating cord buckle plate.

[0021] 6. The radial and axial uncoupled charging coefficients are conveniently adjustable. The radial uncoupled coefficient of the device can be adjusted by customizing the opening angle, opening direction and diameter of the three-way energy-gathering groove of the excavation side and the energy-gathering groove of the contour surface; the axial charging structure of the blasting device itself and the axial charging structure of the entire blasthole can also be designed by using water bags, air bags, explosive columns (or their combination).

[0022] 7. Water bags can be filled at the bottom of the hole, the hole end and inside the device to provide explosive water pressure to break the rock and improve the blasting effect.

[0023] 8. Reduce the charge density of the explosive surface. Through three-way focused energy flow grooving, metal explosion energy enhancement, air column to increase the action time of explosive gas, water pressure to improve the rock breaking effect at the bottom of the hole, thus reducing the amount of explosives used per unit area of ​​the contour surface.

[0024] 9. Improve blasting effect and increase the economic efficiency of blasting projects. The blasting device controls the distribution of explosion energy, effectively improving the blasting effect, especially helping to reduce the rate of large blocks and sticking to the wall in the buffer layer or light explosion layer, facilitating transportation, and reducing or even eliminating the probability of secondary processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube and the wall protection cover plate card of the present invention installed at the blast hole;

[0027] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the wall cover card of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the three-way energy-gathering groove tube of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a front view of the tail detonating cable support plate buckle of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the tail detonating cable support plate buckle of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a side view of the tail detonating cable support plate buckle of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a front view of the head detonating cord casing of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a top view of the head detonating cord casing of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a side view of the head detonating cord casing of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.10 This is a front view of the buckle plate of the head detonating cord of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.11 It is a top view of the buckle plate of the head detonating cord of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.12 It is a side view of the buckle plate of the head detonating cord of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.13 This is a front view of the in-hole fixed flexible support of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.14 It is a top view of the flexible support fixed in the hole of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.15 It is a side view of the flexible support for fixing in the hole of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the wall cover card of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.17 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the three-way energy-gathering grooved tube of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the axial charging structure in the blast hole of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: three-way energy-gathering groove pipe 1, excavation side energy-gathering groove 101, contour surface energy-gathering groove 102, wall cover card 2, arc-shaped card slot 201, tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3, first semicircular plate 301, second semicircular plate 302, concentric circular hole 303, V-shaped card plate 304, semicircular casing 305, head detonating cord sleeve 4, first eccentric hole 401, head detonating cord buckle plate 5, fixed flexible support 6 in the hole, concentric special-shaped hole 601, blast hole 7;

[0045] A represents the bottom charging structure, B represents the charging section of the blasting device, C represents the flexible support inside the blast hole, D represents the internal spacer of the blasting device, E represents the hole mouth charging structure, F represents the blast hole filling section, G represents the blast hole, and H represents the detonating cord. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The preferred solution is Figures 1 to 18 As shown, a rock mass controlled blasting device comprises a three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1, which is detachably connected to a wall cover card 2, and the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 and the wall cover card 2 constitute the main body of the blasting device, and the two ends of the blasting device main body are respectively provided with a tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and a head detonating cord sleeve 4, which are used to fix the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 and the wall cover card 2; a head detonating cord buckle plate 5 is provided in the head detonating cord sleeve 4. Figure 1 As shown, the blasting device is used to be installed in a blast hole 7. The rear detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and the head detonating cord sleeve 4 are used to fix the position of the detonating cord.

[0047] The rock mass controlled blasting device provided by this technical solution is mainly a technical solution proposed for rock mass pre-splitting controlled blasting and rock mass smooth surface controlled blasting.

[0048] Furthermore, the three-way energy-gathering slot pipe 1 comprises an arc-shaped contour plate, the outer contour radius of the arc-shaped contour plate is R, the outer wall of the middle part of the arc-shaped contour plate is recessed toward the center of the circle to form an excavation side energy-gathering slot 101, the excavation side energy-gathering slot 101 is a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the excavation side energy-gathering slot 101 is γ; the outer walls of the two ends of the arc-shaped contour plate are recessed toward the center of the circle to form a contour surface energy-gathering slot 102, the contour surface energy-gathering slot 102 is a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the contour surface energy-gathering slot 102 is α; the value of α is 20°~120°, and the value of γ is 20°~120°. The values ​​of α and γ are determined according to the blasthole, and the larger the diameter of the blasthole, the smaller the values ​​of α and γ.

[0049] Furthermore, the wall cover plate card 2 includes an arc-shaped cover plate, and the axis of the arc-shaped cover plate is arranged to coincide with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate; L-shaped bayonet sockets are provided at both ends of the arc-shaped cover plate, and the two ends of the arc-shaped contour plate are used to be inserted into the L-shaped bayonet sockets; the L-shaped bayonet includes an arc-shaped slot 201, and the axis of the arc-shaped slot 201 is arranged to coincide with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate, and the central angle of the arc-shaped slot 201 is β.

[0050] Further, α and γ are both 45°, β is 6°~12°, and β is preferably 10°; the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 is made of aluminum alloy, the outer wall of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 is coated with insulating paint, the wall cover card 2, the tail detonating cable support plate buckle 3, the head detonating cable sleeve 4 and the head detonating cable buckle plate 5 are all made of polyvinyl chloride; the thickness of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 is determined according to the uncoupling coefficient and the size of R and the rigidity of the aluminum alloy. Preferably, the wall thickness of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 is 0.6~1mm, and the thickness of the insulating paint is 0.3~0.5mm. The length of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 is L, and the size of L is determined according to the length of the blasthole and the charge structure. The length of the wall cover card 2 is L1, L1=L+c, c is the thickness of the concentric special-shaped circular plate, and c is 5~10mm. The wall cover card 2 is 3-5 times the thickness of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1.

[0051] Further, the tail detonating cable support plate buckle 3 includes a concentric special-shaped circular plate, the center of the concentric special-shaped circular plate is provided with a concentric circular hole 303, the concentric special-shaped circular plate includes a first semicircular plate 301 and a second semicircular plate 302, and the center of the first semicircular plate 301 and the second semicircular plate 302 coincides; a plurality of V-shaped clamping plates 304 are provided on the concentric special-shaped circular plate, and the V-shaped clamping plates 304 fit with the excavation side energy-gathering groove 101 and the contour surface energy-gathering groove 102 from the inside; a semicircular casing 305 is provided at the edge of the second semicircular plate 302; the lengths of the V-shaped clamping plates 304 and the semicircular casing 305 are both b, and b can be 15-25 mm. The radius of the concentric circular hole 303 is r, and the radius of the concentric circular hole 303 and the first eccentric hole 401 are the same.

[0052] Furthermore, the head detonating cord sleeve 4 includes a sleeve, a circular partition is provided in the middle of the sleeve, and a first eccentric hole 401 is provided on the circular partition, the radius of the first eccentric hole 401 is r, and the eccentric distance of the first eccentric hole 401 is a, and a is 2-3 mm; the first eccentric hole 401 is used to pass the detonating cord, r is greater than 0.4-0.6 mm of the radius of the detonating cord, and preferably r is greater than 0.5 mm of the radius of the detonating cord; the length between the circular partition and the edge of the sleeve is d, the inner diameter of the sleeve is R1, and the outer diameter of the sleeve is R2. The range of R2 minus R1 can be 1.5-3 mm. The value of R1 is based on the sleeve 4 being inserted into the three-way energy-gathering groove tube 1 and being tightly connected.

[0053] Further, the head detonating cord snap plate 5 is a strip plate structure, the edges at both ends of the strip plate are arc edges, the radius of the arc edge is R4, and the arc edge is used to fit with the inner wall of the head detonating cord sleeve 4; the width of the head detonating cord snap plate 5 is 2d+2r, and the head detonating cord snap plate 5 is provided with a second eccentric hole 501, the radius of the second eccentric hole 501 is r, and the eccentric distance of the second eccentric hole 501 is a. Where d is 5-8mm, the head detonating cord snap plate 5 can rotate in the sleeve of the head detonating cord sleeve 4 without getting stuck.

[0054] Furthermore, the blasting device body is sleeved with a hole-fixed flexible support 6, which is provided with concentric shaped holes 601, which include a first semicircular hole and a second semicircular hole, and the outer wall of the hole-fixed flexible support 6 is hexagonal. The hole-fixed flexible support 6 is made of polyethylene foam cotton (EPE pearl cotton).

[0055] The size of the concentric shaped hole 601 is designed according to the cross-sectional shape of the main body of the blasting device. The outer dimension of the fixed flexible support 6 in the hole is an equilateral hexagonal prism circumscribed to the circumference of the blast hole (the diameter of the blast hole is D1), with a length of 2f; the upper length f section is made into an inclined surface with the circumference of R2, and f can be 10~30mm.

[0056] The blasting method of the rock mass controlled blasting device described in the preferred solution comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1: Prepare a three-phase energy-gathering trough tube 1 and a wall cover plate card 2 with a designed length L and an outer contour radius R; prepare a cylindrical plastic bag with a radius of R, and inject water or air into the cylindrical plastic bag. Stop when the amount of water or air injected is 35%-45% of the capacity of the cylindrical plastic bag, and seal the cylindrical plastic bag; prepare a water bag or an air bag with a diameter 5-30 mm smaller than the diameter of the blasthole D1 and a length of 10-20 cm, fill the water bag with water or fill the air bag with air and then seal it; prepare quick-drying glue for bonding the fixed flexible support 6 in the hole to the three-way energy-gathering trough tube 1, the wall cover plate card 2, and the fixed flexible support 6 in the hole itself.

[0058] S2: Under conditions that meet the use environment of civil explosives, use a spray device to spray water on the working point to eliminate static electricity, and place and fix the three-way energy-gathering trough tube 1 horizontally with one end of the opening facing upward;

[0059] S3: Cut the detonating cord according to the required length, pass one end of the detonating cord through the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and tie a knot, and pass the other end through the head detonating cord sleeve 4 and the head detonating cord buckle plate 5 in sequence, install the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and the head detonating cord sleeve 4 at both ends of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 and tighten them, tighten the detonating cord at one end of the head detonating cord sleeve 4 and rotate to tighten the head detonating cord buckle plate 5, clamp the detonating cord, and make the detonating cord in the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 tensioned and suspended in the air;

[0060] The length of the detonating cord is calculated and cut according to the length of the blasthole and the charge structure, and the detonating cord in the three-way energy-focusing groove tube 1 is complete and has no joints;

[0061] S4: According to the charge quantity and charge structure designed by the engineering and technical personnel, mark the charge structure design in the three-way energy focusing trough tube 1; and put the water bag or air bag with a radius R prepared in step S1 into the corresponding marked position along the left and right sides of the detonating cord, clamp the detonating cord on the left and right sides, so that the detonating cord is always suspended in the original position.

[0062] S5: Fill the emulsion explosive into the charging position marked in the three-dimensional energy-gathering trough tube 1, and fill it in small amounts and multiple times so that the charging cavity of the three-dimensional energy-gathering trough tube 1 is full of explosives without any gaps; the filling amount at the opening of the three-dimensional energy-gathering trough tube 1 should be enough to submerge the entire excavation side energy-gathering trough 101 and cover more than two-thirds of the two contour surface energy-gathering troughs 102. The fullness of the emulsion explosive shall be based on the buckling of the wall cover card 2 without causing the emulsion explosive to be squeezed;

[0063] S6: After all the marked explosive loading positions in the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 are filled to the standard, insert the wall cover card 2 from the tail of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 into the arc-shaped card slot 201, and slowly push the wall cover card 2 until it contacts the head detonating cord sleeve 4;

[0064] S7: Cut the fixed flexible support 6 in the hole along one or both sides of its symmetry axis, fully apply quick-drying glue on its inner cavity surface and cut surface, and then glue it to the assembled three-way energy-gathering groove tube 1 and the wall cover card 2. The cuts in the multiple fixed flexible supports 6 in the holes are aligned, and the distance between the fixed flexible supports 6 in the adjacent holes is 60-120 cm, preferably 80 cm;

[0065] S8: After completing the above steps, a single complete blasting device is manufactured. According to the number of blasting devices required for a single blasting, the required energy-gathering devices are manufactured one by one by repeating steps S1-S7. When in use, they are placed in the corresponding position of the blast hole and connected to the detonating cord to form a detonation network. When storing and transporting the completed blasting device, try to keep the notch of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 upward and horizontal; avoid shaking and collision during transportation.

[0066] Preferably, in step S3, the detonating cord is cut to a length required by the blasthole length, charge structure design, and network connection, and one end of the detonating cord is passed through the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and then tied, and the end of the knot is controlled to be 15-25 mm.

[0067] In step S8, the notches of the two contour surface energy-gathering grooves 102 point to the direction of the line connecting the pre-splitting or smooth blastholes (i.e., consistent with the direction of the excavation contour line); the notch of the excavation side energy-gathering groove 101 points to the buffer layer of the pre-splitting blasting or the smooth blasting layer of the smooth blasting;

[0068] The three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 is the main energy-gathering and energy-increasing device, and its two contour surface energy-gathering slots 102 point to the direction of the connection line of the pre-splitting or smooth surface blastholes (that is, the excavation contour line); an excavation side energy-gathering slot 101 points to the buffer layer of the pre-splitting blasting or the smooth blasting layer of the smooth surface blasting (that is, the direction of the rock that needs to be blasted and removed in the contour surface); on the one hand, the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 provides a cavity for loading explosives, so that the explosives form an energy-gathering slot shape, and on the other hand, under the action of explosive detonation, its metal parent material forms a "one"-shaped metal jet with higher energy density than the easily gasified material in the direction of the length of the blasthole at the energy-gathering slot position, which is more lethal, and effectively forms an initial cut on the rock mass of the blasthole wall, creating conditions for the stress wave rock breaking and high-temperature and high-pressure gas work that follows. In addition, the high combustion heat metal parent material of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1 releases a large amount of heat after detonation and combustion, which improves the work capacity of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas after the explosion of the explosive.

[0069] During use, engineering technicians can customize the opening angle, opening direction and diameter of the excavation side energy focusing groove 101 and the contour surface energy focusing groove 102 of the three-way energy focusing groove pipe 1 according to the designed excavation rock surface contour shape, different rock properties, and personal engineering experience, thereby adjusting the radial uncoupling coefficient of the device.

[0070] During the blasting construction process, engineering and technical personnel can adjust the axial uncoupled charging coefficient and the internal charging structure inside the three-way energy-focusing slot tube 1 through water bags or air bags (or a combination of the two) according to different working conditions and experience, and manufacture and assemble the blasting device.

[0071] In addition, engineering and technical personnel can also design strengthening charges at the bottom of the blasthole and weakening charges at the mouth of the blasthole (it can also be a water bag or an air bag) to adjust the charging structure at the bottom and mouth of the blasthole; the design of this blasting device reserves cavities and detonating cord positions at both ends of the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and the head detonating cord casing 4. By filling emulsion explosives in the cavity, the blasting device can effectively connect with the explosives at the bottom of the blasthole and the explosives at the mouth of the blasthole, stabilize the detonation, and thus improve the blasting effect at the bottom and mouth of the hole.

[0072] One of the functions of the wall cover card 2 is to seal the radially exposed explosives of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1, and the second function is to protect the wall. When the explosives detonate, the semicircular non-metallic gasifiable material of the wall cover card 2 itself, on the axial side of the protected rock surface of the blasthole, effectively reduces the initial pressure of the detonation wave when the explosives detonate, effectively suppresses the generation of explosion cracks on the protected rock surface, and protects the blasthole wall (wall protection) on the rock surface; in addition, the small amount of gap on one side of the wall cover card 2 when the blasting device itself is loaded with explosives is beneficial to the wall protection effect.

[0073] The tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3, the head detonating cord sleeve 4 and the head detonating cord snap plate 5 are mainly used to limit and fix the position of the detonating cord at the tail and head of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1. The detonating cord hole in the middle of the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 is slightly larger than the diameter of the detonating cord, and one end of the detonating cord can be passed through the detonating cord hole and tied to limit the position; the other end passes through the head detonating cord sleeve 4 and the head detonating cord snap plate 5 in sequence, and then the detonating cord is slightly tightened with force, and the head detonating cord snap plate 5 is rotated and tightened until the circular partition in the middle of the head detonating cord sleeve 4 fits, thereby fixing the detonating cord. The position and deflection of the detonating cord are controlled by the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3, the head detonating cord sleeve 4 and the head detonating cord snap plate 5, thereby controlling the radial detonation excitation point position of the explosive in the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1, and achieving the purpose of accurately controlling the jet direction of the energy-gathering slot.

[0074] The two end cavities reserved by the tail detonating cord support plate buckle 3 and the head detonating cord sleeve 4 are used to facilitate the loading of emulsion explosives. Through the existence of the detonating cords in the two cavities, the explosives designed at the bottom and mouth of the blasthole are effectively connected to achieve the purpose of stable sympathetic detonation. Thus, the purpose of adjusting the charge structure at the bottom and mouth of the blasthole is achieved.

[0075] After the three-way energy-gathering slot tube 1, the wall cover card 2, the tail detonating cable support plate buckle 3, the head detonating cable sleeve 4 and the head detonating cable buckle plate 5 are assembled to form a blasting device, the flexible support 6 in the hole is bonded to the blasting device, so that the blasting device is located at the center axis of the blasthole after being installed in the hole, thereby achieving the purpose of limiting and fixing in the hole. In order to facilitate installation in the hole and effectively limit the position, a flexible pearl cotton material is used, and a slope is made to facilitate entry into the hole.

Claims

1. A rock mass controlled blasting device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a three-way energy-gathering slot tube (1), the three-way energy-gathering slot tube (1) being detachably connected to a wall protection cover plate card (2), the three-way energy-gathering slot tube (1) and the wall protection cover plate card (2) forming a main body of the blasting device, the two ends of the main body of the blasting device are respectively provided with a rear detonating cord support plate buckle (3) and a head detonating cord sleeve (4), and a head detonating cord sleeve (4) is provided with a head detonating cord buckle plate (5); The three-way energy-gathering groove pipe (1) comprises an arc-shaped contour plate, the outer contour radius of the arc-shaped contour plate is R, the outer wall of the middle part of the arc-shaped contour plate is recessed towards the center of the circle to form an excavation side energy-gathering groove (101), the excavation side energy-gathering groove (101) is a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the excavation side energy-gathering groove (101) is γ; the outer walls of the edges at both ends of the arc-shaped contour plate are recessed towards the center of the circle to form a contour surface energy-gathering groove (102), the contour surface energy-gathering groove (102) is a V-shaped structure, and the angle of the contour surface energy-gathering groove (102) is α; the value of α is 20° to 120°, and the value of γ is 20° to 120°; The wall protection cover plate card (2) comprises an arc-shaped cover plate, the axis of the arc-shaped cover plate coincides with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate; L-shaped bayonet ports are provided at both ends of the arc-shaped cover plate, and the two ends of the arc-shaped contour plate are used to be inserted into the L-shaped bayonet ports; the L-shaped bayonet ports comprise an arc-shaped slot (201), the axis of the arc-shaped slot (201) coincides with the axis of the arc-shaped contour plate, and the central angle of the arc-shaped slot (201) is β; The values ​​of α and γ are both 65°, and the value of β is 6°~12°; the three-way energy-gathering groove tube (1) is made of aluminum alloy, the outer wall of the three-way energy-gathering groove tube (1) is coated with insulating paint, and the wall cover card (2), the tail detonating cord support plate buckle (3), the head detonating cord sleeve (4) and the head detonating cord buckle plate (5) are all made of polyvinyl chloride; the wall thickness of the three-way energy-gathering groove tube (1) is 0.6~1mm, and the thickness of the insulating paint is 0.3~0.5mm; The tail detonating cord support plate buckle (3) comprises a concentric shaped circular plate, a concentric circular hole (303) is provided at the center of the concentric shaped circular plate, and the concentric circular hole (303) is used to pass through and limit the detonating cord; the concentric shaped circular plate comprises a first semicircular plate (301) and a second semicircular plate (302), and the centers of the first semicircular plate (301) and the second semicircular plate (302) coincide with each other; a plurality of V-shaped clamping plates (304) are provided on the concentric shaped circular plate , the V-shaped clamping plate (304) fits with the excavation side energy focusing groove (101) and the contour surface energy focusing groove (102) from the inside; a semicircular protective tube (305) is provided on the edge of the second semicircular plate (302); the length of the V-shaped clamping plate (304) and the semicircular protective tube (305) are both b; the length of the three-way energy focusing groove pipe (1) is L, the length of the wall cover plate card (2) is L1, the thickness of the concentric special-shaped circular plate is c, and L1=L+c.

2. The rock mass controlled blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The head detonating cord sleeve (4) comprises a sleeve, a circular partition is provided in the middle of the sleeve, a first eccentric hole (401) is provided in the circular partition, the radius of the first eccentric hole (401) is r, the eccentric distance of the first eccentric hole (401) is a, the first eccentric hole (401) is used to pass the detonating cord, r is greater than 0.4-0.6mm of the radius of the detonating cord; the length between the circular partition and the edge of the sleeve is d, the inner diameter of the sleeve is R1, and the outer diameter of the sleeve is R2.

3. The rock mass controlled blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The head detonating cord snap plate (5) is a strip plate structure, the edges at both ends of the strip plate are arc edges, the radius of the arc edge is R4, and the arc edge is used to fit with the inner wall of the head detonating cord sleeve (4) to be fixed and limited; the head detonating cord snap plate (5) has a width of 2d+2r, and a second eccentric hole (501) is provided on the head detonating cord snap plate (5), the radius of the second eccentric hole (501) is r, and the eccentric distance of the second eccentric hole (501) is a.

4. The rock mass controlled blasting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The blasting device body is sleeved with an in-hole fixed flexible support (6) on the outside, the in-hole fixed flexible support (6) is provided with concentric shaped holes (601), the concentric shaped holes (601) include a first semicircular hole and a second semicircular hole, and the outer wall of the in-hole fixed flexible support (6) is arranged in a hexagonal shape.

5. The blasting method of the rock mass controlled blasting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The steps include: S1: prepare a cylindrical plastic bag with a radius of R, inject water or air into the cylindrical plastic bag, stop when the amount of water or air injected reaches 35%-45% of the capacity of the cylindrical plastic bag, and seal the cylindrical plastic bag; prepare a water bag or an air bag, the diameter of the water bag or the air bag is 5-30 mm smaller than the diameter of the blasthole D1, and the length of the water bag or the air bag is 10-20 cm, fill the water bag with water or fill the air bag with air and then seal it; prepare glue for fixing the flexible support (6), the three-way energy-gathering slot tube (1) and the wall cover card (2) in the hole; S2: Use a spray device to spray water at the working point to eliminate static electricity. The three-way energy concentrating trough pipe (1) is placed horizontally and fixed with the open end facing upwards; S3: Cut the detonating cord according to the required length, pass one end of the detonating cord through the rear detonating cord support plate buckle (3) and tie a knot, and pass the other end through the head detonating cord sleeve (4) and the head detonating cord buckle plate (5) in sequence, install the rear detonating cord support plate buckle (3) and the head detonating cord sleeve (4) on both ends of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube (1) and tighten them, tighten the detonating cord at one end of the head detonating cord sleeve (4) and rotate to tighten the head detonating cord buckle plate (5), clamp the detonating cord, and make the detonating cord in the three-way energy-gathering slot tube (1) tensioned and suspended in the air; S4: marking the three-way energy-focusing slot tube (1) according to the charge structure design; Place the water bag or air bag prepared in step S1 into the corresponding marked positions along the detonating cord, and clamp the detonating cord on the left and right sides to keep the detonating cord suspended in the original position; S5: Emulsion explosive is filled into the charging position marked in the three-dimensional energy-gathering trough tube (1), and the charging is performed in small amounts and multiple times so that the charging cavity of the three-dimensional energy-gathering trough tube (1) is filled with no gaps; the charging amount at the opening of the three-dimensional energy-gathering trough tube (1) should be enough to submerge the entire excavation side energy-gathering trough (101) and cover more than two-thirds of the two contour surface energy-gathering troughs (102); the fullness of the emulsion explosive is based on the buckling of the wall cover card (2) without causing the emulsion explosive to be squeezed; S6: After all the marked explosive loading positions in the three-way energy-gathering slot tube (1) are filled to standard, the wall cover card (2) is inserted into the arc-shaped card slot (201) from the rear of the three-way energy-gathering slot tube (1), and the wall cover card (2) is slowly pushed in until it contacts the head detonating cord sleeve (4); S7: Cut the fixed flexible support (6) in the hole along one or both sides of its symmetry axis, fully apply quick-drying glue on its inner cavity surface and the cut surface, and then glue it to the assembled three-way energy-gathering groove tube (1) and the wall cover card (2). The cuts in the multiple fixed flexible supports (6) in the holes are aligned, and the distance between two adjacent fixed flexible supports (6) in the holes is 60-120 cm; S8: After completing the above steps, a single complete blasting device is manufactured. According to the number of blasting devices required for a single blasting, steps S1-S7 are repeated to manufacture the required energy-gathering devices one by one. When used, they are placed in the corresponding position of the blasthole and connected to the detonating cord to form a blasting network.

6. The blasting method according to the rock mass controlled blasting device of claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the notches of the two contour surface energy-gathering grooves (102) point in the direction of the connection line of the pre-splitting or smooth surface blasting holes; the notch of the excavation side energy-gathering groove (101) points in the direction of the buffer layer of the pre-splitting blasting or the smooth blasting layer of the smooth surface blasting; In step S3, the detonating cord is cut into a length required by the design, one end of the detonating cord is passed through the rear detonating cord support plate buckle (3) and then tied into a knot, and the end of the knot is controlled to be 15-25 mm.

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