A teaching model of molecular structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to a molecular structure teaching model, which includes a plurality of substrates, and a plurality of atomic models are embedded on each of the substrates; chemical bonds are connected between the atomic models, and the chemical bonds are embedded on the substrates. The chemical bonds include rotating bonds and fixed bonds. The rotating bonds are all inclined on the substrates, and the fixed bonds are all vertically arranged on the substrates. By providing a plurality of substrates, the atomic models embedded on the substrates are fixed respectively through fixed bonds and rotating bonds. The atoms fixed on the substrates are in the same plane, and when the overall substrate rotates, the connection angles and orientations between the atomic models will not be randomly changed, avoiding the angles between atoms that do not occur in actual atoms after rotation; the positional relationship of the atomic models connected by fixed bonds is relatively fixed, and the atomic models connected by rotating bonds can rotate according to actual situations, and can simulate the dynamic changes of the natural conformation of molecules.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of teaching models, and in particular to a molecular structure teaching model. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are two main three-dimensional molecular structure models produced by teaching aid factories. One is the ball-and-stick model. This model mainly uses various colored small balls to represent atoms of different elements, and uses short rods to represent the bonds between atoms. The connection is achieved by inserting the short rods into the holes of the spheres. With this simple plug-in model, it is impossible to accurately restore the connection angles between molecules, nor can it achieve dynamic rotation. It can only achieve a general three-dimensional effect as a whole. This model is only suitable for learning at the initial and intermediate simple cognitive stages, and cannot be applied to learning at the high-precision and specialized stages. The second model is the Stewart model. It is made according to the ratio of atomic radius and bond length and can accurately represent the three-dimensional relationship of each atom in the molecule. However, this model is mostly a fixed structure and is not sufficient to meet the actual teaching needs. At the same time, the above two models only show the connection relationship between atoms. The planar structure and three-dimensional structure of the actual composition of the molecule need to be obtained by students through spatial imagination, which greatly limits the applicability of the molecular teaching model. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a molecular structure teaching model, which solves the problem that the existing molecular models cannot show the connection situation after the actual molecular structure transformation after rotation.

[0004] The present invention provides a molecular structure teaching model, including a plurality of substrates, and a plurality of atomic models are embedded on each substrate; chemical bonds are connected between the atomic models, and the chemical bonds are embedded on the substrates. The chemical bonds include rotating bonds and fixed bonds. The rotating bonds are all inclined on the substrates, and the fixed bonds are all vertically arranged on the substrates; a plurality of grooves are opened in each of the two atomic models connected to the rotating bonds, and the rotating bond is arranged in cooperation with one of the grooves. A locking structure for locking the rotating bond is arranged in the groove. The locking structure includes a lock core spring embedded at the bottom of the groove and a clamping ring arranged on the side wall of the groove. Both ends of the rotating bond are provided with tenons, and a lock hole gap for the tenons to pass through is opened on the clamping ring.

[0005] Furthermore, the atomic model includes a carbon atom model, a nitrogen atom model, a hydrogen atom model, and an α-carbon atom model; the carbon atom model and the nitrogen atom model are embedded in the center of the substrate, and the carbon atom model and the nitrogen atom model are connected by a rotating bond; the substrate is quadrilateral, and a hydrogen atom model, an oxygen atom model, and two α-carbon atom models are respectively embedded at the four endpoints of the substrate; the α-carbon atom models are all embedded between two adjacent substrates, one of the α-carbon atom models is connected to the nitrogen atom model by a rotating bond, and the other α-carbon atom model is connected to the carbon atom model by a rotating bond; the hydrogen atom model is connected to the nitrogen atom model by a fixed bond, and the oxygen atom model is connected to the nitrogen atom model by a fixed bond.

[0006] Furthermore, the atomic model further includes an R-group atom model, and the α-carbon atom is connected to the R-group atom model by a fixed bond.

[0007] Furthermore, a bayonet for taking out the rotating bond is opened on the substrate.

[0008] Furthermore, the substrate includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate. The first substrate, the second substrate, and the third substrate are arranged in parallel. A storage rack is connected below the second substrate. The storage rack includes a pair of oppositely arranged support frames, and multiple support rods are connected between the two support frames. Each support rod is provided with a plugging rod obliquely upward, and through holes for engaging with the plugging rods are opened on the second substrate.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by setting multiple substrates, the atomic models embedded on the substrates are fixed respectively through fixed bonds and rotating bonds. The atoms fixed on the substrates are in the same plane, and can reflect the positional relationship between molecules according to the actual situation of the molecular components. And when the whole substrate rotates, the connection angles and orientations between the atomic models will not be randomly changed, avoiding the angles of the atoms after rotation presenting angles that actual atoms will not have; the positional relationship of the atomic models connected by fixed bonds is relatively fixed, and the atomic models connected by rotating bonds can rotate according to the actual situation, and can simulate the dynamic changes of the natural conformation of molecules. Description of the Drawings

[0010] Figure 1 is a front structural schematic diagram of the molecular structure teaching model of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2 is a sectional schematic diagram of the locking structure of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the rotating bond and the atomic model of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the second substrate of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the molecular structure teaching model of the present invention.

[0015] Reference numerals: 1, rotation key; 2, fixed key; 3, lock core spring; 4, clamping ring; 5, tenon; 6, carbon atom model; 7, nitrogen atom model; 8, hydrogen atom model; 9, α-carbon atom model; 10, R-group atom model; 11, oxygen atom model; 12, bayonet; 13, first substrate; 14, second substrate; 15, third substrate; 16, storage rack; 17, support frame; 18, support rod; 19, insertion rod. Detailed implementation manners

[0016] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and functions of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation manners:

[0017] In this application, the molecular structure model is shown by taking the schematic diagram of the peptide plane as an example. In the peptide plane structure, the substrate is not the natural conformation of the peptide plane structure, but the physicalization of a fictional and imagined structure for easy understanding. The rotation key 1 and the fixed key 2 in the chemical bond both represent the connection mode between molecules. The fixed key 2 contains two bond modes. The fixed key 2 between the hydrogen atom model 8 and the nitrogen atom model 7 is a single bond structure, and the fixed key 2 between the oxygen atom model 11 and the carbon atom model 6 is a double bond structure. The R-group atom model 10 is a residue group, representing 20 different amino acid models: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, proline, tryptophan, serine, tyrosine, cysteine, phenylalanine, asparagine, glutamine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and histidine. The α-carbon atom represents the carbon atom directly connected to the functional group.

[0018] An embodiment of the present invention provides a molecular structure teaching model, as Figure 1 shown, including a plurality of substrates, and a plurality of atom models are embedded on each substrate; chemical bonds are connected between the atom models; the chemical bonds are embedded on the substrates, and the chemical bonds include a rotation key 1 and a fixed key 2. The rotation keys 1 are all inclined on the substrates, and the fixed keys 2 are all vertically arranged on the substrates. The setting of the substrates here is mainly to limit the atoms in the peptide plane structure model in the same plane, simulating that the atomic structure in the same plane during the movement of the peptide structure always moves in the same plane. The setting modes of the rotation key 1 and the fixed key 2 are to simulate that in the peptide structure, the structural relationship between the atoms connected by the fixed key 2 is fixed and cannot be rotated; the atoms connected by the rotation key 1 will rotate during the movement of the peptide structure to change the overall structure of the peptide chain, truly simulating the movement state of the peptide structure. As Figure 2 、Figure 3 As shown, preferably, the two atomic models connected to the rotating key 1 are provided with a plurality of grooves, the rotating key 1 is arranged in cooperation with one of the grooves, a locking structure for locking the rotating key 1 is provided in the groove, the locking structure comprises a lock core spring 3 embedded in the bottom of the groove and a clamping ring 4 arranged on the side wall of the groove, and a tenon 5 is provided at both ends of the rotating key 1, and a lock hole gap for the tenon 5 to pass through is provided on the clamping ring 4. The setting of the locking structure here is to ensure that the two atomic models connected to the rotating key 1 can be smoothly rotated and taken out. The number of grooves on the atomic model depends on the actual number of bond positions of the atomic model. For example, the nitrogen atom has three bond positions, and the nitrogen atom model 7 contains three grooves; the carbon atom has four bond positions, and the carbon atom model 6 contains four grooves; the hydrogen atom model 8 contains one groove, and the oxygen atom model 11 contains two grooves. The R-based atomic model 10 is connected as a whole, and the R-based atomic model 10 contains one groove. When two atomic models are connected by using the rotating key 1, a clamping ring 4 is set in the groove, and a lock core spring 3 is embedded at the bottom of the groove, and a lock hole gap for the tenon 5 to pass through is provided on the clamping ring 4; the rotating key 1 is clamped along the groove, and the tenon 5 on the rotating key 1 is aligned with the lock hole gap on the clamping ring 4 and inserted into the groove, the lock core spring 3 is compressed, the rotating key 1 is clamped into the groove, the rotating key 1 is rotated, and the tenon 5 on the rotating key 1 is pressed against the clamping ring 4 under the action of the lock core spring 3, and the rotating key 1 is locked. Here, the width of the tenon 5 and the thickness of the lock hole gap on the clamping ring 4 are not constant, and the width of the tenon 5 can be limited according to the actual rotation angle of the atomic model. At the same time, the matching structure of the tenon 5 structure and the clamping ring 4 can not only realize the rotation of the atomic model and the rotating key 1, but also when the entire teaching model needs to be disassembled and carried, the tenon 5 can be rotated to align with the lock hole gap to separate the atomic model from the rotating key 1, which is convenient for carrying.

[0019] According to another embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the atomic model includes a carbon atom model 6, a nitrogen atom model 7, a hydrogen atom model 8, and an α-carbon atom model 9. The carbon atom model 6 and the nitrogen atom model 7 are embedded in the center of the substrate. The carbon atom model 6 and the nitrogen atom model 7 are connected by a rotating bond 1. The substrate is quadrilateral, and a hydrogen atom model 8, an oxygen atom model 11, and two α-carbon atom models 9 are respectively embedded at the four endpoints of the substrate. The α-carbon atom models 9 are all embedded between two adjacent substrates. One of the α-carbon atom models 9 is connected to the nitrogen atom model 7 by a rotating bond 1, and the other α-carbon atom model 9 is connected to the carbon atom model 6 by a rotating bond 1. The hydrogen atom model 8 is connected to the nitrogen atom model 7 by a fixed bond 2, and the oxygen atom model 11 is connected to the nitrogen atom model 7 by a fixed bond 2. Here, the α-carbon atom model 9 refers to the carbon atom directly connected to the functional group in an organic compound. In fact, it is the same as the carbon atom model 6, only to facilitate learners to understand the particularity of the connecting functional group at the α-carbon atom. Here, the positions of the atomic models are defined according to the arrangement of the peptide chain structure. In the atomic model, the nitrogen atom model 7 and the carbon atom model 6 are located in the center of the substrate. Vertically, the nitrogen atom model 7 is connected to a hydrogen atom model 8 by a single-bond fixed bond 2, and the carbon atom model 6 is connected to an oxygen atom model 11 by a double-bond fixed bond 2. On the main chain, α-carbon atom models 9, carbon atom models 6, and nitrogen atom models 7 are connected by rotating bonds 1, ensuring that when the peptide structure moves, the atomic models on the main chain can all rotate, and when the α-carbon atom model 9 rotates, it can drive the entire peptide plane to rotate.

[0020] According to another embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the atomic model further includes an R-group atomic model 10. The α-carbon atom is connected to the R-group atomic model 10 and another hydrogen atom model 8 by a fixed bond 2. Here, the α-carbon atom model 9 itself has four bond positions. In the case where the α-carbon atom model 9 is already connected to a carbon atom model 6 and a nitrogen atom model 7, the α-carbon atom model 9 is also connected to an R-group atomic model 10 and another hydrogen atom model 8.

[0021] According to another embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 4 shown, preferably, a bayonet 12 for taking out the rotating bond 1 is opened on the substrate. The design of the bayonet 12 here is to facilitate taking out the rotating bond 1 from the substrate. Since various atomic models are embedded on the substrate, it is difficult to directly take out the atomic models from the substrate manually. By opening the bayonet 12 at the rotating bond 1, a finger can be inserted into the bayonet 12 to lift out the rotating bond 1, and then the entire connected atomic model can be taken off the substrate.

[0022] According to another embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 5As shown, preferably, the substrate includes a first substrate 13, a second substrate 14 and a third substrate 15, the first substrate 13, the second substrate 14 and the third substrate 15 are arranged in parallel, and a shelf 16 is connected below the second substrate 14, and the shelf 16 includes a pair of support frames 17 arranged opposite to each other, and a plurality of support rods 18 are connected between the two support frames 17, and each support rod 18 is inclined upwardly and provided with a plug-in rod 19, and a through hole engaged with the plug-in rod is opened on the second substrate 14. The basic arrangement of the first substrate 13, the second substrate 14 and the third substrate 15 here is not the only one. When a peptide plane with a larger structure needs to be carried, it can also be undertaken by increasing the number of substrates, and the shape and size of the substrate can also be adjusted according to the number of atoms in the same plane. In order to ensure the balance of the overall teaching model, a storage rack 16 is connected to the second base plate 14 in the middle, and a plug-in rod 19 is plugged into the base plate. A clamping strip is provided at the contact between the plug-in board and the base plate so that the base plate can fall stably on the plug-in board. The support rod 18 is used to stabilize the support frame 17 so that the support frame 17 will not deviate or tip over after being subjected to force.

[0023] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A teaching model of molecular structure, characterized in that, It includes multiple substrates, and multiple atomic models are embedded on each of the substrates; chemical bonds are connected between the atomic models; the chemical bonds are embedded on the substrates, and the chemical bonds include rotating bonds (1) and fixed bonds (2). The rotating bonds (1) are all inclined on the substrates, and the fixed bonds (2) are all vertically arranged on the substrates; multiple grooves are formed in each of the two atomic models connected to the rotating bond (1). The rotating bond (1) is arranged in cooperation with one of the grooves, and a locking structure for locking the rotating bond (1) is arranged in the groove. The locking structure includes a lock core spring (3) embedded at the bottom of the groove and a clamping ring (4) arranged on the side wall of the groove. Tenons (5) are arranged at both ends of the rotating bond (1), and a lock hole gap for the tenon (5) to pass through is formed in the clamping ring (4). The atomic models include a carbon atom model (6), a nitrogen atom model (7), a hydrogen atom model (8), and an α-carbon atom model (9); the carbon atom model (6) and the nitrogen atom model (7) are embedded in the center of the substrate, and the carbon atom model (6) and the nitrogen atom model (7) are connected by a rotating bond (1); the substrate is quadrilateral, and a hydrogen atom model (8), an oxygen atom model (11), and two α-carbon atom models (9) are respectively embedded at the four end points of the substrate; the α-carbon atom models (9) are all embedded between two adjacent substrates. One of the α-carbon atom models (9) is connected to the nitrogen atom model (7) by a rotating bond (1), and the other α-carbon atom model (9) is connected to the carbon atom model (6) by a rotating bond (1); the hydrogen atom model (8) is connected to the nitrogen atom model (7) by a fixed bond (2), and the oxygen atom model (11) is connected to the nitrogen atom model (7) by a fixed bond (2). A bayonet (12) for taking out the rotating bond (1) is formed on the substrate.

2. The teaching model of molecular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The atomic model further includes an R-group atomic model (10), and the α-carbon atom model (9) is connected to the R-group atomic model (10) by a fixed bond (2).

3. The teaching model of molecular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate includes a first substrate (13), a second substrate (14), and a third substrate (15). The first substrate (13), the second substrate (14), and the third substrate (15) are arranged in parallel. A storage rack (16) is connected below the second substrate (14). The storage rack (16) includes a pair of oppositely arranged support frames (17). Multiple support rods (18) are connected between the two support frames (17). A plugging rod (19) is arranged obliquely upward on each support rod (18). A through hole for engaging with the clamping rod is formed on the second substrate (14).

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