A fuel cell hydrogen recovery system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fuel cell hydrogen recovery system, comprising a control device, a fuel cell, a hydrogen intake device, a separation device, a hydrogen recovery pipeline and an exhaust device; the control device is electrically connected to the hydrogen intake device, the separation device, the exhaust device and the hydrogen recovery device respectively; the intake end of the fuel cell is connected to the outlet end of the hydrogen intake device, and the outlet end of the fuel cell is connected to the intake end of the separation device; the outlet end of the separation device is connected to the exhaust device of the exhaust device; one end of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the pipeline between the first limiting valve and the discharge device, and the other end of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the hydrogen intake device; a second limiting valve is arranged on the pipeline of the hydrogen recovery device. The embodiment of the present invention can separate the gas and liquid in the fuel cell reaction product, and effectively improve the recovery rate of hydrogen in the fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell hydrogen recovery system. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen is not only an important industrial raw material and reducing agent, but also a necessary fuel for fuel cells. With the promotion and popularization of fuel cells, fuel cell vehicles have entered the mature market, and the consumption of hydrogen will also increase at an alarming rate. Therefore, it is particularly important to recover the hydrogen of fuel cells to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen. The existing fuel cell hydrogen recovery system realizes the hydrogen recovery of fuel cells by setting up a gas-liquid separation device and a hydrogen circulation pump. However, the existing hydrogen recovery system cannot fully separate the gas and liquid in the fuel cell reaction products, resulting in a large proportion of water vapor and nitrogen remaining in the hydrogen pipeline, resulting in a low recovery rate of hydrogen. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen recovery system, which can effectively improve the recovery rate of hydrogen.

[0004] A first embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen recovery system, comprising:

[0005] A control device, a fuel cell, a hydrogen intake device provided with a sensor device and a first electromagnetic valve, a separation device, a hydrogen recovery pipeline provided with a second flow limiting valve, and an exhaust device provided with the first flow limiting valve, a second electromagnetic valve and an exhaust device;

[0006] The control device is electrically connected to the hydrogen intake device, the separation device, the exhaust device and the hydrogen recovery device respectively;

[0007] The gas inlet end of the fuel cell is connected to the gas outlet end of the hydrogen gas inlet device, and the gas outlet end of the fuel cell is connected to the gas inlet end of the separation device;

[0008] The air outlet end of the separation device is connected to the exhaust device of the exhaust device, the exhaust device, the first flow limiting valve and the second solenoid valve are sequentially arranged on the pipeline of the exhaust device, and the second solenoid valve is arranged at the outlet end of the exhaust device;

[0009] One end of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the pipeline between the first flow limiting valve and the discharge device, and the other end of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the hydrogen intake device;

[0010] A second flow limiting valve is arranged on the pipeline of the hydrogen recovery device.

[0011] Furthermore, the system also includes a third solenoid valve, one end of the pipeline of the third solenoid valve is arranged on the pipeline between the separation device and the fuel cell; the other end of the pipeline of the third solenoid valve is arranged on the pipeline between the second flow limiting valve and the hydrogen intake device.

[0012] Furthermore, the sensing device comprises a first temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor and a first air quality sensor which are connected in sequence; wherein the first temperature sensor is arranged at the intake end of the hydrogen intake device.

[0013] Furthermore, the separation device comprises a water-gas separation device, and a second pressure sensor is arranged on the water-gas separation device.

[0014] Furthermore, the exhaust device further comprises a third pressure sensor, and the third pressure sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the exhaust device and the first flow limiting valve.

[0015] Furthermore, the hydrogen recovery device is also provided with a ball valve, and the ball valve is arranged on the pipeline between the second flow limiting valve and the third solenoid valve.

[0016] Furthermore, the first flow limiting valve and the second flow limiting valve include one or more of a mechanical fixed aperture flow limiting valve, a mechanical adjustable aperture flow limiting valve and an electrically controlled proportional valve.

[0017] A fuel cell hydrogen recovery system provided by the present invention, by setting a first flow limiting valve and a second flow limiting valve, enables a control device to form a pressure difference between an air inlet and an air outlet of an exhaust device by controlling the opening degree of the first flow limiting valve and the second flow limiting valve, thereby improving the gas-liquid separation degree of hydrogen and fuel cell reactants, thereby improving the hydrogen recovery utilization rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fuel cell hydrogen recovery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The drawings in the specification are marked as follows:

[0020] 1. Fuel cell; 21. Temperature sensor; 22. First pressure sensor; 23. Air quality sensor; 24. First solenoid valve; 31. Water vapor separation device; 32. Second pressure sensor; 41. Exhaust device; 42. First flow limiting valve; 43. First solenoid valve; 44. Third pressure sensor; 51. Second flow limiting valve; 52. Ball valve; 6. Third solenoid valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] See also Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen recovery system, comprising:

[0025] A control device, a fuel cell 1, a hydrogen intake device provided with a sensor device and a first solenoid valve 24, a separation device, a hydrogen recovery pipeline provided with a second flow limiting valve 51, and an exhaust device provided with a first flow limiting valve 42, a second solenoid valve 43 and an exhaust device 41;

[0026] The control device is electrically connected to the hydrogen intake device, the separation device, the exhaust device and the hydrogen recovery device respectively;

[0027] The gas inlet end of the fuel cell 1 is connected to the gas outlet end of the hydrogen gas inlet device, and the gas outlet end of the fuel cell 1 is connected to the gas inlet end of the separation device;

[0028] The air outlet end of the separation device is connected to the exhaust device 41 of the exhaust device, the exhaust device 41, the first flow limiting valve 42 and the second solenoid valve 43 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline of the exhaust device, and the second solenoid valve 43 is arranged at the outlet end of the exhaust device;

[0029] One end of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the pipeline between the first flow limiting valve 42 and the discharge device, and the other end of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the hydrogen intake device;

[0030] A second flow limiting valve 51 is provided on the pipeline of the hydrogen recovery device.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, hydrogen enters the hydrogen recovery system through the hydrogen intake device. During this process, the sensor device of the hydrogen intake device detects the pressure data, temperature data and air quality data of the pipeline, and controls the opening degree of the first solenoid valve 24 so that hydrogen can enter the fuel cell 1 at a reasonable flow rate. When the sensor device detects abnormal data, the control device performs a protection action to improve the safety of the system. After the reactant generated by the reaction of hydrogen and the fuel cell 1 flows to the separation device, the separation device separates most of the water vapor of the reactant through the water-gas separation device 31. In addition, in order to fully improve the separation of water vapor and gas, In order to improve the separation efficiency, the control device controls the opening degree of the first flow limiting valve 42 and the second flow limiting valve 51 according to the pressure values ​​detected by the second pressure sensor 32 and the third pressure sensor 44, so that a certain pressure difference is formed between the pressure value of the air outlet pipe of the exhaust device 41 and the pressure value of the air inlet pipe of the exhaust device 41, so as to prevent the reactants from flowing quickly over the inlet of the water vapor separation device 31 and causing insufficient gas-liquid separation; when exhausting, the second solenoid valve 43 is opened for a preset opening time according to a preset cycle, so that the water vapor accumulated in the pipe for a long time is gradually discharged through the second solenoid valve 43, so that the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen recovery device is gradually increased, thereby improving the recovery and utilization rate of hydrogen.

[0032] As a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the opening time of the second solenoid valve 43 is set to 1 minute, and the opening interval is 15 minutes. When the second solenoid valve 43 starts 1 minute later, the concentration of hydrogen gradually rises to more than 95%, and the second limiting valve 51 is closed for 15 minutes. At this time, the concentration of hydrogen gradually decreases to about 80%. Therefore, the opening time of the second limiting valve 51 is set to open once every 15 minutes, and each time it is opened for 1 minute and then closed, which can ensure that the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen recovery system is maintained at more than 80%.

[0033] See also Figure 1 The system also includes a third solenoid valve 6, one end of the pipeline of the third solenoid valve 6 is arranged on the pipeline between the separation device and the fuel cell 1; the other end of the pipeline of the third solenoid valve 6 is arranged on the pipeline between the second limiting valve 51 and the hydrogen intake device.

[0034] It should be noted that the third solenoid valve 6 is a normally closed solenoid valve. When the recovery system is blocked or otherwise fails, the control device sends an opening command to open the third solenoid valve 6, so that the hydrogen and the reactants of the fuel cell 1 can converge at the air inlet end of the fuel cell 1 according to the pipeline where the third solenoid valve 6 is located, preventing the recovery system from causing system safety problems due to excessive pipeline pressure, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the recovery system.

[0035] See also Figure 1 The sensing device includes a first temperature sensor 21, a first pressure sensor 22 and a first air quality sensor 23 connected in sequence; wherein the first temperature sensor 21 is arranged at the intake end of the hydrogen intake device.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, a first solenoid valve 24 is arranged on a pipeline between the sensing device and the fuel cell 1. The first temperature sensor 21, the first pressure sensor 22 and the first air quality sensor 23 of the sensing device are respectively used to detect the temperature of the hydrogen intake device pipeline, the pressure value of the hydrogen intake device pipeline and the quality of hydrogen. The control device receives the detection signal of the sensing device and controls the opening degree of the first solenoid valve 24 according to the detection data, which is beneficial to ensure the safety of the recovery system, and can make the speed at which hydrogen enters the fuel cell 1 more reasonable, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen recovery.

[0037] See also Figure 1 The separation device includes a water-gas separation device 31 , and a second pressure sensor 32 is provided on the water-gas separation device 31 .

[0038] In the embodiment of the present invention, the second pressure sensor 32 is used to detect the pressure value of the air inlet pipe of the exhaust device 41.

[0039] See also Figure 1 The exhaust device further includes a third pressure sensor 44 , and the third pressure sensor 44 is disposed on a pipeline between the exhaust device 41 and the first flow limiting valve 42 .

[0040] As an option, the exhaust device 41 is a fan, and the third pressure sensor 44 is used to detect the pressure value of the fan outlet pipe. In order to allow most of the water vapor to flow out from the water vapor separation device 31, there needs to be a certain pressure difference between the fan inlet pipe and the fan outlet pipe, and the pressure value of the fan outlet pipe needs to be greater than the pressure value of the fan inlet pipe. In an embodiment of the present invention, the control device receives the pressure value detected by the second pressure touch sensor 32 and the third pressure sensor 44, and adjusts the opening degree of the second flow limiting valve 51 and the opening degree of the third flow limiting valve according to the detected pressure value, so that the pressure value detected by the third pressure sensor 44 is greater than the pressure value detected by the second pressure touch sensor 32 to reach a preset value, which can prevent the reactants at the outlet end of the fuel cell 1 from flowing quickly over the water separator, resulting in insufficient gas-liquid separation, and fully separate the reactants of the fuel cell 1, thereby increasing the proportion of hydrogen in the hydrogen recovery system, and then improving the recovery rate of hydrogen. As a specific implementation, the difference between the pressure value detected by the third pressure sensor 44 and the pressure value detected by the second pressure touch sensor 32 is 2kPa.

[0041] See also Figure 1 The hydrogen recovery device is also provided with a ball valve 52, and the ball valve 52 is arranged on the pipeline between the second flow limiting valve 51 and the third solenoid valve 6.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the ball valve 52 is opened, the hydrogen recovery system forms a circulation loop, and the recovered hydrogen is used to react with the fuel cell 1, thereby improving the convenience and efficiency of hydrogen utilization. As a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, a gas composition analysis device is connected to the ball valve 52 to detect the hydrogen content in the hydrogen recovery device.

[0043] As a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the first flow limiting valve 42 and the second flow limiting valve 51 include one or more of a mechanical fixed aperture flow limiting valve, a mechanical adjustable aperture flow limiting valve and an electrically controlled proportional valve.

[0044] The implementation of the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] The embodiment of the present invention sets a first flow limiting valve 42 and a second flow limiting valve 51, so that the control device can control the switching of the first flow limiting valve 42 and the second flow limiting valve 51 so that a certain pressure difference is formed between the air outlet pipe and the air inlet pipe of the exhaust device 41, thereby preventing the reactants from flowing quickly over the inlet of the separation device and causing insufficient gas-liquid separation, and can effectively improve the gas-liquid separation efficiency of the fuel cell 1 reactants; and the first flow limiting valve 42 and the second solenoid valve 43 form an exhaust branch, and the gas is discharged from the second solenoid valve 43 at a regular time, which can effectively ensure the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen recovery system, thereby improving the recovery and utilization rate of hydrogen.

[0046] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell hydrogen recovery system, characterized in that: include: A control device, a fuel cell, a hydrogen intake device provided with a sensor device and a first electromagnetic valve, a separation device, a hydrogen recovery device provided with a second flow limiting valve, and an exhaust device provided with the first flow limiting valve, a second electromagnetic valve and an exhaust device; The control device is electrically connected to the hydrogen intake device, the separation device, the exhaust device and the hydrogen recovery device respectively; The gas inlet end of the fuel cell is connected to the gas outlet end of the hydrogen gas inlet device, and the gas outlet end of the fuel cell is connected to the gas inlet end of the separation device; The air outlet end of the separation device is connected to the exhaust device of the exhaust device, the exhaust device, the first flow limiting valve and the second solenoid valve are sequentially arranged on the pipeline of the exhaust device, and the second solenoid valve is arranged at the outlet end of the exhaust device; One end of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the pipeline between the first flow limiting valve and the exhaust device, and the other end of the hydrogen recovery device is connected to the hydrogen intake device; A second flow limiting valve is provided on the pipeline of the hydrogen recovery device; The control device is used to control the opening degree of the first flow limiting valve and the second flow limiting valve so that the pressure value of the air outlet pipe of the exhaust device forms a preset pressure difference with the pressure value of the air inlet pipe of the exhaust device.

2. The fuel cell hydrogen recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a third solenoid valve, one end of the pipeline of the third solenoid valve is arranged on the pipeline between the separation device and the fuel cell; the other end of the pipeline of the third solenoid valve is arranged on the pipeline between the second flow limiting valve and the hydrogen intake device.

3. The fuel cell hydrogen recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing device comprises a first temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor and a first air quality sensor which are connected in sequence; wherein the first temperature sensor is arranged at the intake end of the hydrogen intake device.

4. The fuel cell hydrogen recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separation device comprises a water-gas separation device, and a second pressure sensor is arranged on the water-gas separation device.

5. The fuel cell hydrogen recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust device further includes a third pressure sensor, and the third pressure sensor is disposed on a pipeline between the exhaust device and the first flow limiting valve.

6. The fuel cell hydrogen recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen recovery device is further provided with a ball valve, and the ball valve is arranged on the pipeline between the second flow limiting valve and the third solenoid valve.

7. The fuel cell hydrogen recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first flow limiting valve and the second flow limiting valve include one or more of a mechanical fixed aperture flow limiting valve, a mechanical adjustable aperture flow limiting valve and an electrically controlled proportional valve.

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