Unloading device and transport vehicle with inclined bottom plate and reciprocating movement

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for applying a driving force directly to a load surface, and more particularly to a cargo unloading device and a transport vehicle with an inclined and reciprocating bottom plate. The cargo unloading device comprises a frame and a bottom plate. Different from the prior art, the frame rolls to support the bottom plate, and the bottom plate tilts downward and moves downward and forward and upward reciprocatingly. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has an extremely simple structure, extremely low cost, safer and faster cargo unloading, and no special requirements for cargo. It is a subversive invention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for applying a driving force directly to a load surface, and in particular to a cargo unloading device and a transport vehicle with an inclined bottom plate and reciprocating movement. Background Art

[0002] The inventor discloses a reciprocating push-pull transport vehicle and a dump truck containing the same with publication number CN109955764A. The reciprocating push-pull transport vehicle includes a bottom plate, which is composed of a plurality of movable units whose length direction is consistent with the front-rear direction of the vehicle body. The plurality of movable units can be translated as a whole to the rear of the vehicle body for a certain distance and then be translated to the front of the vehicle body separately or in batches for the same distance, and so on. However, since the bottom plate is composed of a plurality of movable units, not only is the sealing cooperation between the units more complicated, but also the unloading speed is slow. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention discloses an unloading device with an inclined and reciprocating bottom plate, comprising a frame and a bottom plate. Different from the prior art, the frame rollingly supports the bottom plate, and the bottom plate is inclined rearward and downward and reciprocatingly moves rearward and downward and retreats forward and upward.

[0004] The goods are pressed on the inclined bottom plate, and the downward gravity of the goods on the bottom plate is decomposed into a pressure on the bottom plate and a downward sliding force parallel to the bottom plate plane. When the goods are not unloaded, the goods are stopped on the sloped bottom plate by the friction between the goods and the bottom plate and the blocking force of the tailgate; when the goods are unloaded, the tailgate is opened, and the blocking force of the tailgate on the goods disappears. The goods are stopped on the sloped bottom plate by the friction between the goods and the bottom plate. When the bottom plate moves backward and downward for a certain distance, the goods move backward and downward with the bottom plate. The goods as a whole obtain the kinetic energy of moving backward and downward and the kinetic energy converted from a part of the potential energy. A part of the goods at the rear end exceeds the bottom plate under the action of the kinetic energy. The rear end of the board loses support, and the goods fall down under the action of gravity; when the bottom plate stops and is withdrawn in the opposite direction, the friction between the goods on the floor and the bottom plate is reduced due to the inclination of the bottom plate, and the weight of the goods itself generates downward potential energy. Therefore, the remaining goods on the floor will not move forward and upward with the bottom plate and stay in place (relative to the ground); when the bottom plate moves horizontally backward and downward for a distance again, stops and is withdrawn in the opposite direction, some of the goods fall down again, and this cycle repeats until all the goods gradually fall out of the car, achieving the purpose of automatic unloading.

[0005] Furthermore, the angle between the plane where the bottom plate is located and the horizontal plane is a, 0°≤a≤52°, preferably 15°-22°. The angle of the pyramid is 51 degrees 50 minutes and 9 seconds, and it is said that the cone formed by pouring sand from top to bottom is this angle. The larger the angle, the smaller the cargo loading capacity, but the easier it is to unload, so choose the middle state between the two, and 15° is the optimal solution in practice.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes a left side plate, a right side plate, and a front fender, wherein the left side plate and the right side plate are fixedly connected to the frame, and elastic plates bent forward are fixedly arranged on both sides of the front fender, and the free ends of the elastic plates are respectively abutted against the inner side surfaces of the left side plate and the right side plate.

[0007] When the front baffle moves away from the front of the vehicle, that is, moves backward, the force direction of the elastic plate is consistent with its movement direction, and the elastic plate shrinks toward the middle, which is in a "smooth" relationship with the side panels of the carriage, so the front baffle can smoothly follow the bottom plate forward; when the bottom plate moves backward, the force direction of the elastic plate is opposite to its movement direction, and the elastic plate expands to the left and right sides, which is in a "straight" relationship with the side panels of the carriage, so the front baffle can be supported on the left and right side panels and locked, and will not move backward with the bottom plate. This further prevents the remaining cargo on the floor from moving forward and upward with the bottom plate, ensuring that it stays in place.

[0008] Furthermore, a plurality of springs are arranged between the two ends of the elastic plate to increase the pressure between the elastic plate and the front baffle plate and to increase the deformation amplitude of the elastic plate.

[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of traction heads are fixedly connected near the free end of the elastic plate, the plurality of traction heads are connected to a traction rod, and the traction rod is connected to a pull rope for releasing the backstop. After unloading, the pull rope is pulled so that the elastic plate cannot be supported on the left and right side plates, and the front baffle can be reset.

[0010] Furthermore, a side of the bottom of the front baffle away from the front of the vehicle is connected to a drag plate, and the lower surface of the drag plate abuts against the upper surface of the bottom plate. The function of the support plate is to pull the front baffle to move backward along with the bottom plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the front baffle is connected to a vertical plate perpendicular to the bottom plate at one side close to the front of the vehicle, or connected to a foot plate parallel to the bottom plate at the bottom side close to the front of the vehicle. The vertical plate and the foot plate are used to keep the front baffle upright.

[0012] Furthermore, when the drag plate is a flexible plate, it is fixedly connected to the front baffle plate; when the drag plate is a rigid plate, it is hinged to the front baffle plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of rolling bearings, sleeves, linear roller guides or universal ball bearings are fixedly mounted on the frame, and the outer cylindrical surfaces of the rolling bearings and sleeves or the outer spherical surfaces of the linear roller guides and universal ball bearings support the lower surface of the bottom plate. In this way, the frame rolls to support the bottom plate, and the resistance is reduced during the forward and backward movement of the bottom plate, and the required power is also less.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of one or more double-acting cylinders or single-acting cylinders is connected to the frame, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the base plate. The double-acting cylinder pushes the base plate away from the front of the vehicle during the outward stroke, and pulls the base plate back toward the front of the vehicle during the return stroke. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder works in both directions, and the movements in both directions are achieved by oil pressure. The structure is relatively simple. Theoretically, the speed of the hydraulic cylinder depends on its cylinder diameter and oil inlet speed. Under the condition that the cylinder diameter is large enough, reciprocating translation can be achieved regardless of the cargo capacity. The single-acting hydraulic cylinder works in one direction, wherein one or more of the single-acting cylinders synchronously push the base plate away from the front of the vehicle during the working stroke, and another one or more of the single-acting cylinders synchronously push the base plate back toward the front of the vehicle during the working stroke. This structure is easy to control.

[0015] Furthermore, the speed at which the bottom plate retracts forward and upward is greater than the speed at which it moves backward and downward. This is based on the principle that sliding friction is less than static friction. Why is it that when you slowly pull the paper out from under the cup, the cup moves with it; but when you pull the paper out quickly, the paper is pulled out but the cup does not move? This is because when you pull the paper out quickly, the action time between the paper strip and the glass cup is short, so the impulse generated by the friction is small. From I=△P, we can see that the momentum added to the glass cup is small, so the cup hardly moves; when you pull the paper strip slowly, the cup is subjected to a larger impulse, so it generates a larger momentum, and the cup moves with the paper strip.

[0016] The invention also discloses an unloading truck, comprising the unloading device with an inclined bottom plate and reciprocating movement.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has an extremely simple structure, extremely low cost, safer and faster unloading, and no special requirements for the cargo. It is a subversive invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 1.

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective.

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of the local structure.

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the state of Example 1 before unloading.

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the state of Example 1 when unloading is nearing completion.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 2.

[0024] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective.

[0025] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective.

[0026] Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 A magnified view of the local structure.

[0027] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the state of Example 2 before unloading.

[0028] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the state when the unloading of Example 2 is completed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Example 1, refer to the attached Figure 1-5 .

[0030] As shown in Fig. 1-3, a transport vehicle with an inclined bottom plate and reciprocating movement comprises an unloading device, the unloading device comprises a carriage, the carriage comprises a frame 1, a bottom plate 2, a left side plate 11, a right side plate 12, a front baffle 9, and a double-acting oil cylinder 4. The left side plate 11 and the right side plate 12 are fixedly connected to the frame 1. A plurality of rolling bearings 3 are fixedly arranged on the frame 1. The outer circumference of the rolling bearing 3 supports the lower surface of the bottom plate 2. The bottom plate 2 is inclined backward and downward, and the angle a between the plane where the bottom plate 2 is located and the horizontal plane is 15 degrees; one end of a double-acting oil cylinder 4 is connected to the frame 1, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the bottom plate 2. The double-acting oil cylinder 4 pushes the bottom plate 2 backward and downward when it goes out, and pulls the bottom plate 2 back to the front and upward when it returns, and so on. Elastic plates 10 bent toward the front of the vehicle are fixed on both sides of the front baffle 9, and the free ends of the elastic plates 10 are respectively abutted against the inner sides of the left plate 11 and the right plate 12; a plurality of traction heads 17 are fixed near the free ends of the elastic plates 10, and the plurality of traction heads 17 are connected to a traction rod 18, and the traction rod 18 is connected to a pull rope 16 for releasing the backstop; two vertical plates 92 perpendicular to the bottom plate 2 are connected to the side of the front baffle 9 close to the front of the vehicle, and a drag plate 91 made of flexible material is fixed to the side of the bottom of the front baffle 9 away from the front of the vehicle, and the lower surface of the drag plate 91 is abutted against the upper surface of the bottom plate 2.

[0031] When actually unloading, Figure 4 As shown, first the rear baffle 6 is flipped upward and opened, and a part of the cargo on the bottom plate 2 naturally collapses and falls down, and the remaining part is piled up on the bottom plate 2 in a slope shape, and then the bottom plate 2 is translated backward and downward for a distance such as 50 cm. Since there are also cargo piled on the drag plate 91, the cargo will form a pulling force on the drag plate when it translates with the bottom plate, and the elastic plate 10 is in a "smooth" state, so the front baffle 9 will also translate accordingly. At this time, although the cargo is still on the bottom plate, the cargo within 50 cm from the rear end of the bottom plate is still outside the car body. When the bottom plate 2 is withdrawn in the opposite direction, due to the inclination of the bottom plate, the friction between the goods on the floor and the bottom plate is reduced. In addition, the weight of the goods itself generates downward potential energy. In addition, the elastic plate 10 is in a "frizzy" state, which can prevent the front baffle 9 from moving forward and upward with the bottom plate 2. At the same time, the goods are blocked by the front baffle 9 from moving forward and upward, causing the goods within 50 cm from the rear end of the bottom plate to lose the support of the bottom plate 2 and fall out of the car. When the bottom plate 2 moves 50 cm backward and downward again, the goods within 50 cm from the rear end of the bottom plate are again on the bottom plate outside the car range. When the bottom plate 2 is withdrawn in the opposite direction again, this part of the goods is unloaded again, and so on. When the front baffle 9 gets closer and closer to the rear end of the car, the drag plate 91 will naturally hang down more and more outside the bottom plate 2, and the goods on it will naturally fall down, such as Figure 5 As shown, the goods on the bottom plate 2 are finally unloaded. After unloading is completed, the pull rope 16 is pulled by a winch or other device arranged in front of the vehicle, so that the elastic plate 10 is bent inward to release the check lock and the front baffle is pulled back to the front end of the carriage near the front of the vehicle to reset.

[0032] Example 2, refer to the attached Figure 6-11 .

[0033] like Figure 6-11 Another transport vehicle with an inclined bottom plate and reciprocating movement is shown. The other parts are the same as those of the first embodiment, except that the angle a between the plane where the bottom plate 2 is located and the horizontal plane is 22 degrees. Three single-acting cylinders 5 are used to replace one double left and right cylinder 4. One end of the single-acting cylinder 5 is connected to the frame 1 and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the bottom plate 2. During the working stroke, one of the single-acting cylinders 5 will synchronously push the bottom plate 2 away from the front of the vehicle, and during the working stroke, the other two single-acting cylinders 5 will synchronously push the bottom plate 2 back toward the front of the vehicle, so that the speed of the bottom plate retreating forward and upward is greater than the speed of displacement backward and downward. In addition, the drag plate 91 is a rigid plate, which is hinged to the lower end of the front baffle 9. A plurality of springs 19 are supported between the two ends of the elastic plate 10.

[0034] like Figure 10-11As shown, when the front baffle 9 gets closer and closer to the rear end of the car, the drag plate 91 will tilt more and more outside the bottom plate 2. Finally, when the front baffle 9 reaches the rear end of the car, the drag plate 91 will hang vertically outside the bottom plate 2, and the cargo on it will fall naturally, and finally all the cargo on the bottom plate 2 will be unloaded.

[0035] According to the above principles, the present invention can also make appropriate changes and modifications to the above specific embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the present invention should also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention. In addition, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for the convenience of description and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A cargo unloading device with an inclined bottom plate and reciprocating motion, comprising a frame (1) and a bottom plate (2), characterized in that: The vehicle frame (1) rollingly supports the bottom plate (2), and the bottom plate (2) is inclined rearward and downward and reciprocatingly moves rearward and downward and withdraws forward and upward; The angle between the plane where the bottom plate (2) is located and the horizontal plane is a, 0°≤a≤52°; It also comprises a left side plate (11), a right side plate (12), and a front baffle (9), wherein the left side plate (11) and the right side plate (12) are fixedly connected to the frame (1), and elastic plates (10) bent forward are fixedly arranged on both sides of the front baffle (9), and free ends of the elastic plates (10) are respectively in contact with inner side surfaces of the left side plate (11) and the right side plate (12); A plurality of rolling bearings (3), shaft sleeves, linear roller guides or universal ball bearings are fixedly mounted on the vehicle frame (1); the outer cylindrical surface of the rolling bearing (3), shaft sleeve or linear roller guide, and outer spherical surface of the universal ball bearing support the lower surface of the base plate (2); One end of one or more double-acting oil cylinders (4) or single-acting oil cylinders (5) is connected to the vehicle frame (1), and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the base plate (2); The speed at which the bottom plate (2) retracts backwards is greater than the speed at which it moves forwards.

2. The unloading device with an inclined bottom plate and reciprocating movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of springs (19) are supported between the two ends of the elastic plate (10).

3. The unloading device with an inclined bottom plate and reciprocating movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of traction heads (17) are fixedly connected near the free end of the elastic plate (10), the plurality of traction heads (17) are connected to a traction rod (18), and the traction rod (18) is connected to a pull rope (16) for releasing the backstop.

4. The unloading device with an inclined bottom plate and reciprocating movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: A side of the bottom of the front baffle (9) away from the front of the vehicle is connected to a drag plate (91), and a lower surface of the drag plate (91) abuts against an upper surface of the bottom plate (2); when the drag plate (91) is a flexible plate, it is fixedly connected to the front baffle (9), and when the drag plate (91) is a rigid plate, it is hinged to the front baffle (9); a side of the front baffle (9) close to the front of the vehicle is connected to a vertical plate (92) perpendicular to the bottom plate (2), or a bottom side of the side close to the front of the vehicle is connected to a support plate (93) parallel to the bottom plate (2).

5. A truck unloading device, characterized in that: A loading and unloading device with an inclined and reciprocating bottom plate as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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