Head-up display device and motor vehicle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a head-up display device and a motor vehicle, belonging to the field of HUD imaging technology. The head-up display device includes an image source, a transflective device and a light control device, wherein the light control device includes a retroreflective element and a diffusing element. The image source first emits light for forming an image, and the light is incident on the transflective device. The transflective device reflects the incident light once, and the reflected light is incident on the light control device. The light first passes through the diffusing element and then is emitted to the retroreflective element. The retroreflective element emits the incident light in a direction opposite to the incident direction. The emitted light passes through the diffusing element, and the diffusing element diffuses the incident light. The diffused light is incident on the transflective device, and the transflective device reflects the incident light a second time to form a virtual image. The present invention can realize large-scale HUD imaging.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 2019104144940 filed on May 17, 2019, and the contents of the above-mentioned Chinese patent application disclosure are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as a part of this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention belongs to the field of HUD imaging technology, and in particular relates to a head-up display device and a motor vehicle. Background Art

[0003] Transportation has become an indispensable part of modern life, with people using various vehicles to improve their social, work, and personal efficiency. With the rise of the economy and living standards, various drivable vehicles, such as automobiles, have become increasingly common. However, the use of these vehicles also presents a range of challenges, most notably driving safety. Drivers typically ensure reliable driving by closely monitoring the dashboard display. However, due to the limited size of these vehicles, the control panels of nearly all vehicles on the market today are relatively cramped. To maximize the usability of the operating surface, the dashboard is typically located below the console. This often requires drivers to glance down at the dashboard to read relevant information. This frequent glance down is a common occurrence in real-world driving, and can lead to distraction and accidents.

[0004] HUD (head-up display) technology can prevent drivers from being distracted by looking down at the instrument panel while driving, thereby ensuring safe driving. Specifically, by integrating HUD-related products into driving tools, both safety and the experience can be enhanced, meeting the demands of today's high-tech lifestyles.

[0005] There are many traditional HUD products, such as HUD front-mounted products and HUD after-mounted products. HUD after-mounted products themselves have a certain size, and the HUD image display size is relatively small, which cannot display richer information, such as other complex safety information.

[0006] Traditional front-mounted HUD products primarily utilize windshield imaging in driving tools. The HUD image display size is larger than that of after-market HUD products. However, windshield imaging also has certain drawbacks. The field of view (FOV) is typically very small, typically within 10°. This results in the actual HUD image display size being very small, and generally only able to display vehicle speed or direction information. It cannot display richer navigation map information or other complex safety information, making it difficult to meet the driver's various information needs while driving. Therefore, large-screen HUDs using windshield imaging in driving tools are receiving increasing attention.

[0007] Existing display imaging technology cannot fundamentally solve the problem of large-size HUD display, and it also brings a series of other problems. However, when this display imaging technology uses backlight for imaging, only a very small part of the light emitted by the backlight is used for imaging, resulting in low imaging brightness. Although the problem of low imaging brightness can be solved by increasing the light source power, this will correspondingly bring about the problems of high light source power consumption and high heat generation, thereby increasing the heat dissipation requirements of the light source equipment, and cannot fundamentally solve the problem of poor light utilization of the light source; the existing display imaging technology will cause distorted and unstable images.

[0008] In short, it is impossible to achieve large-size HUD display through existing devices and existing technologies, and it is necessary to propose a new head-up display device to meet the requirements of large-size HUD display. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the HUD display technology in the prior art, mainly the difficulty in realizing large-size HUD image display, the present invention provides a head-up display device and a motor vehicle, which can not only realize large-size HUD imaging, but also realize large-size HUD imaging.

[0010] Technical Solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the head-up display device of the present invention includes an image source, a transflective device, and a light control device, wherein:

[0011] An image source, the image source emitting light for forming an image;

[0012] a transflective device that reflects light incident thereon and allows the light to be transmitted therethrough;

[0013] A light control device, comprising a retroreflective element and a diffusion element; the retroreflective element reflects light incident thereon in a direction opposite to the incident direction; the diffusion element diffuses the light incident thereon;

[0014] The image source first emits light for forming an image, and the light is incident on the transflective device. The transflective device reflects the incident light once, and the reflected light is incident on the light control device. The light first passes through the diffuser and then is emitted to the retroreflective element. The retroreflective element emits the incident light in the opposite direction of the incident direction. The emitted light passes through the diffuser, and the diffuser diffuses the incident light. The diffused light is incident on the transflective device, and the transflective device reflects the incident light a second time to form a virtual image.

[0015] Furthermore, the diffusion element is a device that diffuses incident light to form a light beam of a specific shape.

[0016] Furthermore, the diffusion element diffuses the incident light to form one or more light beams of specific shapes.

[0017] Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the light beam includes at least one of a linear shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a square shape and a rectangular shape.

[0018] Furthermore, the retroreflective element includes a substrate and a plurality of microstructures distributed on the surface of the substrate.

[0019] Furthermore, a reflective layer is provided between the substrate and the microstructure.

[0020] Furthermore, the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50% to 95%, that is, 50% to 95% of the incident light is reflected.

[0021] Furthermore, the microstructure is a spatial structure composed of three surfaces that are perpendicular to each other, and all of the three surfaces are reflective surfaces.

[0022] Furthermore, the spatial structure adopts a hollow concave structure or a solid structure made of transparent material.

[0023] Furthermore, the microstructure is a triangular pyramid structure composed of three triangles that are perpendicular to each other in pairs, or a cubic structure composed of three rectangles that are perpendicular to each other in pairs.

[0024] Furthermore, at least one of the reflecting surfaces is provided with a reflecting layer, and the reflectivity of the reflecting layer is 50% to 95%, that is, 50% to 95% of the incident light is reflected.

[0025] Furthermore, the microstructure adopts a spherical structure.

[0026] Furthermore, the spherical structure is a solid structure made of transparent material.

[0027] Furthermore, the surface of the transflective device is a free-form surface or a plane.

[0028] Furthermore, the image source is a projection device, the transflective device is a windshield of a vehicle, the projection device emits light to the windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is arranged below the windshield of the vehicle.

[0029] Furthermore, the projection device includes a lens portion.

[0030] Another aspect of the present invention provides a motor vehicle comprising the above-mentioned head-up display device.

[0031] Beneficial effect: Compared with the prior art, the head-up display device and the motor vehicle of the present invention include an image source, a transflective device and a light control device, wherein the light control device includes a retroreflective element and a diffusion element, the retroreflective element is used to reflect the light incident thereon in the opposite direction of the incident direction; the diffusion element is used to diffuse the light incident thereon, and the diffused light has a diffusion angle; first, the light emitted by the image source for forming an image reaches the transflective device and is reflected once by the transflective device, the reflected light is incident on the diffusion original, passes through the diffusion element to reach the retroreflective element, and is reflected back The reflective element emits the light incident on it in the direction opposite to the incident direction. The emitted light reaches the diffusing element, and the diffusing element diffuses the light reaching it. The diffused light reaches the transflective device and is reflected twice by the transflective device to form a virtual image. The range of light irradiated on the transflective device is larger, thereby expanding the field of view and display area. In this way, after the light is reflected by the transflective device, a large-size HUD image can be formed, and the reflected light can be emitted to a predetermined area, namely the eye box area, so that a large-size HUD image can be observed, and a large-size image can be formed with lower power consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The head-up display device in Example 1 is shown as follows: Figure 1 .

[0033] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a light control device.

[0034] Figure 3 The head-up display device in Example 1 is shown as follows: Figure 2 .

[0035] Figure 4 It is a side view of the light path of a light beam with a linear, circular, elliptical, square or rectangular cross-section formed after the light passes through the diffuser.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a top view of the light path of a light beam with a linear, circular, elliptical, square or rectangular cross section formed after the light passes through the diffuser.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a top view of the optical path of a light beam with a rectangular cross section formed after the light passes through the diffuser.

[0038] Figure 7 It is a top view of two beams with specific shapes formed after the light passes through the diffuser.

[0039] Figure 8 It is a top view of the optical path of two light beams with rectangular cross-sections formed after the light passes through the diffuser.

[0040] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a retroreflective element.

[0041] Figure 10 It is a structural diagram formed by the arrangement and combination of six triangular pyramid structures with equilateral triangle cross-sections.

[0042] Figure 11 This is a diagram of the back reflection principle when the triangular pyramid structure with an equilateral triangle cross section is a hollow concave structure.

[0043] Figure 12 This is a diagram of the back reflection principle when the triangular pyramid structure with an equilateral triangle cross section is a solid transparent structure.

[0044] Figure 13 This is a diagram of the back reflection principle when the cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section is a hollow concave structure.

[0045] Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of a structure formed by the arrangement and combination of a cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section as a hollow concave structure.

[0046] Figure 15 This is a diagram of the back reflection principle when the cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section is a solid transparent structure.

[0047] Figure 16 This is a diagram of the principle of back reflection of a spherical structure.

[0048] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of an embedded retroreflective element.

[0049] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of a sealed retroreflective element.

[0050] Figure 19 This is a diagram of the working of the head-up display device in a vehicle with a windshield Figure 1 .

[0051] Figure 20 This is a diagram of the working of the head-up display device in a vehicle with a windshield Figure 2 .

[0052] Figure 21It is a structural diagram formed by the arrangement and combination of triangular pyramid structures with isosceles triangle cross-sections.

[0053] Figure 22 This is a diagram of the back reflection principle when the triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross section is a hollow concave structure.

[0054] Figure 23 This is a diagram of the back reflection principle when the triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross section is a solid transparent structure.

[0055] Figure 24 It is a schematic structural diagram of the retroreflective element of Example 22.

[0056] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder in the circumferential direction in Example 22.

[0057] Figure 26 Schematic diagram of the second arrangement of the light converging layer of the retroreflective element.

[0058] Figure 27 This is a top view of the structure of the third arrangement of the light converging layer of the retroreflective element.

[0059] Figure 28 This is a side view of the structure of the third arrangement of the light converging layer of the retroreflective element.

[0060] Figure 29 It is a schematic diagram showing that the diameters of the fifth light converging cylinders are arranged in a quasi-linear pattern.

[0061] Figure 30 It is a top view of the structure of the planar reflective layer corresponding to the light converging layer of the retroreflective element.

[0062] Figure 31 It is a structural side view of the planar reflective layer corresponding to the light converging layer of the retroreflective element.

[0063] Figure 32 The diagram shows a quasi-linear relationship between the diameters of the light reflecting cylinder and the fifth light converging cylinder and the amount of phase change.

[0064] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the local light path of the large-size HUD on the entire car window.

[0065] Figure 34 Schematic diagram of the structure of a retroreflective element having a reflective microstructure.

[0066] Figure 35 This is a schematic enlarged diagram of a structure in which a reflective layer is provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure.

[0067] Figure 36It is a schematic diagram of the membrane layer stacking structure.

[0068] Figure 37 Schematic diagram of a retroreflective element disposed on an external supporting element.

[0069] Reference numerals: 1, image source; 2, transflective device; 3, light control device; 300, diffusion element; 3000, light diffusion layer; 3001, light directional layer; 301, retroreflective element; 3010, reflective microstructure; 3011, substrate; 3012, filler; 3013, reflective layer; 3014, external supporting element; 4, light; 5, light beam; 6, embedded retroreflective element; 600, transparent material; 601, reflective layer; 602, adhesive; 603, backing paper; 604, first microstructure; 7 , sealed retroreflective element; 700, fixing layer; 701, adhesive; 702, backing paper; 703, raised portion; 704, first isolation layer; 705, second microstructure; 706, transparent cover layer; 800, light converging layer; 801, second isolation layer; 802, plane reflection layer; 803, substrate; 8000, fifth light converging column; 8001, first material layer; 8002, light converging unit; 9000, light reflection column; 9001, second material layer; 9002, plane reflection unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] A head-up display device of this embodiment refers to Figure 1 , comprising an image source 1, a transflective device 2 and a light control device 3, wherein the image source 1 is used to emit light for forming an image; the transflective device 2 is used to reflect the light incident thereon and allow the light incident thereon to be transmitted; Figure 2 The light control device 3 includes a retroreflective element 301 and a diffusion element 300. The diffusion element 300 is arranged above the retroreflective element 301. The light incident on the light control device 3 first reaches the diffusion element 300 and then passes through the diffusion element 300 to reach the retroreflective element 301. The retroreflective element 301 is used to reflect the light incident thereon in the opposite direction of the incident direction. The diffusion element 300 is used to diffuse the light incident thereon. After the light is diffused by the diffusion element, it forms a light beam with a certain diffusion angle. The shape of the light beam can be regular or irregular. The positional relationship between the image source 1, the transflective device 2 and the light control device 3 is shown in FIG. Figure 1The light emitted by the image source 1 for forming an image is transmitted to the transflective device 2. The transflective device 2 reflects the light incident thereon, and the reflected light is transmitted to the light control device 3. The light control device 3 emits the incident light again. The re-emitted light should reach the transflective device 2. The transflective device 2 reflects the light incident thereon again, and the reflected light reaches a predetermined area, which includes an eye box area. The eye box area refers to the area where both eyes can observe the image.

[0073] Reference Figure 3 First, the light used to form an image is emitted by the image source 1. The light is incident on the transflective device 2 and is reflected once by the transflective device 2 (the first reflection refers to the first reflection relative to the transflective device 2 itself). The reflected light reaches the light control device 3. The light reaching the light control device 3 first reaches the diffusion element 300 and is diffused by the diffusion element 300. The diffused light is emitted to the retroreflective element 301. The retroreflective element 301 reflects the incident light in the opposite direction of the incident direction. The emitted light reaches the diffusion element 300 above again. The diffusion element 300 reflects the incident light above it. The light diffuses again to form a beam with a certain diffusion angle. The light beam with a certain diffusion angle reaches the transflective device 2. The transflective device 2 reflects the incident light a second time (the second reflection refers to the second reflection relative to the transflective device 2 itself) to form a virtual image. The reflected light is emitted to a predetermined area. The range of light irradiating the transflective device is large, and the light has a diffusion angle after being diffused by the diffusion element. In this way, a large-size HUD image can be formed after the light is reflected by the transflective device, and the reflected light can be emitted to a predetermined area, namely the eye box area, so that a large-size HUD image can be observed.

[0074] On the basis of the above scheme, a transflective film can be provided on the transflective device. The transflective film on the transflective device can be, but is not limited to, provided on the side of the transflective device close to the image source. The function of the transflective film is to efficiently reflect the light emitted by the image source, while being able to efficiently transmit the external ambient light. Efficient use of the incident light can improve the brightness of the virtual image.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, wherein the diffusion element is a device that diffuses the incident light to form a beam of a specific shape. The diffusion element diffuses the incident light to form a beam of a specific shape. The beam of a specific shape means that the cross-sectional shape of the beam is a specific regular shape. The cross-sectional shape of the beam can be, but is not limited to, linear, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular.

[0077] The diffusion element 300 can be a device that diffuses the incident light to form a beam of a specific shape. With this device, the diffusion element 300 diffuses the incident light to form a beam of a specific shape. Figures 4 to 6 The light 4 passes through the diffuser 300 and is diffused by the diffuser 300 to form a light beam 5 of a specific shape. The degree of diffusion of the light beam 5, that is, the size of the diffusion angle, depends on the diffuser 300 itself. The size of the diffusion angle of the light beam of a specific shape directly determines the size of the visible range and the brightness of the virtual image finally formed. The specific relationship is that the smaller the diffusion angle, the higher the imaging brightness and the smaller the viewing angle; conversely, the larger the diffusion angle, the lower the imaging brightness and the larger the viewing angle. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable light beam diffusion angle so that the imaging brightness and the viewing angle are both within the ideal range.

[0078] Reference Figure 3 The image source 1 emits light for forming an image. The light is incident on the transflective device 2 and is reflected once by the transflective device 2 (the first reflection refers to the first reflection relative to the transflective device 2 itself). The reflected light reaches the light control device 3. The light reaching the light control device 3 first reaches the diffusion element 300 and is diffused by the diffusion element 300 to form a light beam, and then emitted to the retroreflective element 301. The retroreflective element 301 emits the incident light beam in the opposite direction of the incident direction. The emitted light reaches the diffusion element 300 above again. The diffusion element 300 diffuses the incident light again to form a beam with a specific shape. The two diffusion effects of the diffuser 300 together determine the cross-sectional shape of the resulting beam. This specific-shaped beam reaches the transflective device 2, which reflects the incident light a second time (this second reflection refers to a second reflection relative to the transflective device 2 itself), forming a virtual image. The reflected light then exits into a predetermined area. In this embodiment, the diffuser 300 diffuses the light into a specific-shaped beam with uniform energy distribution. The specific-shaped beam strikes the transflective device, where it is reflected to form a virtual image. The energy of the specific-shaped beam is concentrated, resulting in a high-brightness image. Finally, the reflected light falls into the eyebox area.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] In the head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the diffusion element 300 may be, but not limited to, a diffractive optical element, and the diffractive optical element may be, but not limited to, a beam shaper that can form beams of various specific shapes; Figures 4 and 5After passing through the diffusion element 300, the light 4 is diffused to form a light beam 5 with a specific shape. The size and shape of the light spot corresponding to the light beam 5 (the cross-sectional shape of the light beam 5 corresponds to the light spot shape) are determined by the microstructure of the diffractive optical element itself. The light spot shape can be, but is not limited to: linear, circular, elliptical, square and rectangular. Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a side view of the optical path system corresponding to the light beam formed by the light 4 after passing through the diffusion element 300, which has a linear, circular, elliptical, square or rectangular cross section, wherein θ V It represents the angle between the two maximum sight axes in the vertical direction after the light passes through the diffuser, θ V ≈2α, α represents the angle between the characteristic axis and the maximum sight axis in the vertical direction, and the characteristic axis is Figure 4 Refer to the dotted line position shown in Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a top view of the optical path system corresponding to the light beam having a linear, circular, elliptical, square or rectangular cross section formed after the light ray 4 passes through the diffusion element 300, wherein θ H It represents the angle between the two maximum sight axes in the horizontal direction after the light passes through the diffuser, θ H ≈2β, β represents the angle between the characteristic axis and the maximum sight axis in the horizontal direction, and the characteristic axis is Figure 5 The dotted line position shown in ; Figure 6 The figure shows a top view of the optical path system corresponding to the light beam 5 with a rectangular cross section formed after the light 4 passes through the diffusion element 300.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, wherein the diffusion element is a device that diffuses the incident light to form a beam of a specific shape. The diffusion element diffuses the incident light to form a beam of a specific shape. The beam of a specific shape means that the cross-sectional shape of the beam is a specific regular shape. The cross-sectional shape of the beam can be, but is not limited to, linear, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular.

[0083] In order to diffuse the light in different directions, expand the visual range, and improve the utilization rate of the light emitted by the image source, the diffusion element 300 can adopt a device that diffuses the incident light to form multiple beams of specific shapes. Using this device, the diffusion element 300 diffuses the incident light to form multiple beams of specific shapes. Multiple beams refer to two or more beams. The cross-sectional shapes of the multiple beams formed can be the same or different. The energy distribution of the light in the multiple beams is uniform.

[0084] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 The light 4 passes through the dispersing element 300 and is diffused by the dispersing element 300 to form two light beams 5 of specific shapes. The degree to which the two light beams 5 of specific shapes are diffused, that is, the size of the diffusion angle, depends on the dispersing element 300 itself. The size of the diffusion angle of the light beam of specific shape directly determines the size and brightness of the virtual image finally formed. The specific relationship is that the smaller the diffusion angle, the higher the imaging brightness and the smaller the viewing angle; conversely, the larger the diffusion angle, the lower the imaging brightness and the larger the viewing angle. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable light beam diffusion angle so that the imaging brightness and the viewing angle are both within the ideal range. The cross-sectional shapes of the two light beams 5 diffused by the dispersing element 300 are the same, and the light energy distribution in the two light beams is uniform.

[0085] Reference Figure 3 Image source 1 emits light for image formation. This light is incident on transflective device 2, where it undergoes a single reflection (this primary reflection refers to the first reflection relative to transflective device 2 itself). The reflected light then reaches light control device 3. The light reaching light control device 3 first reaches diffuser element 300, passes through diffuser element 300, and then exits onto retroreflective element 301. Retroreflective element 301 reflects the incident light in a direction opposite to the incident direction. The exiting light then reaches diffuser element 300 above, where it diffuses the incident light into two beams of specific shapes. These two beams of specific shapes then reach transflective device 2, which then reflects the incident light a second time (this second reflection refers to the second reflection relative to transflective device 2 itself), forming a virtual image. The reflected light then exits into two areas, one of which is the eyebox area. A multi-beam diffuser improves light efficiency and enables applications such as multi-angle viewing. In this embodiment, the diffusion element emits two or more light beams of specific shapes, which are separated from each other. The separated light beams are irradiated on the transflective device and reflected by the transflective device, and the reflected light is emitted to the corresponding area. This separated light beam enables the light emitted by the image source to be efficiently utilized, while improving the brightness of the image. The multi-beam diffusion element can be used in multi-angle observation and has strong scalability.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] In the head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the diffusion element 300 may be, but is not limited to, a diffractive optical element, and the diffractive optical element may be, but is not limited to, a beam shaper that can form a plurality of specific beam shapes.

[0088] Specifically, the diffusion element includes a light diffusion layer and a light orientation layer, which are arranged in sequence along the incident direction of the incident light. The light orientation layer directs the light in multiple different directions, and the light diffusion layer diffuses the light in multiple different directions into multiple light beams, so that the diffusion element can diffuse the light into multiple specific shapes of light beams. The diffusion element can also be called a multi-beam diffusion element.

[0089] Example 6

[0090] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 3 , comprising an image source 1, a transflective device 2 and a light control device 3, wherein the image source 1 is used to emit light for forming an image; the transflective device 2 is used to reflect the light incident thereon and allow the light incident thereon to be transmitted; Figure 2 The light control device 3 includes a retroreflective element 301 and a diffusing element 300. The diffusing element 300 is arranged above the retroreflective element 301. The light incident on the light control device 3 first reaches the diffusing element 300 and then passes through the diffusing element 300 to reach the retroreflective element 301. The retroreflective element 301 is used to reflect the light incident thereon in the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the diffusing element 300 is used to diffuse the light incident thereon.

[0091] Reference Figure 9 The above-mentioned retroreflective element 301 includes a substrate 3011 and a plurality of reflective microstructures 3010 distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011, and the reflective microstructures 3010 are evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011, and all microstructures have the same structure. A reflective layer is provided between the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructure 3010. When light is incident on the retroreflective element 301, the light first passes through the reflective microstructure 3010 and then exits. The reflective layer between the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructure 3010 can reflect the light entering the reflective microstructure 3010 out; the reflective layer can be integrally formed with the reflective microstructure 3010 or the reflective layer can be integrally formed with the substrate 3011 or the reflective layer can exist alone between the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructure 3010 or other methods. When light is incident on the retroreflective element 301, it firstly hits the microstructure, then reflects once or multiple times inside the microstructure, and finally exits in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the light, thus realizing that the retroreflective element 301 can reflect in the opposite direction of the incident light.

[0092] The above-mentioned reflective layer can be a reflective layer with high reflectivity, and the reflection efficiency of the reflective layer can be 50% to 95%, that is, 50% to 95% of the incident light can be reflected, which can improve the efficiency of light reflection and further improve the utilization rate of the light emitted by the image source.

[0093] Example 7

[0094] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, and the reflective microstructure 3010 is a spatial structure composed of three surfaces that are perpendicular to each other, wherein all three surfaces are reflective surfaces, and the spatial structure adopts a hollow concave structure or a solid structure made of transparent material.

[0095] Specifically, the microstructure can be a triangular pyramid structure composed of three triangles perpendicular to each other in pairs, or a cubic structure composed of three rectangles perpendicular to each other in pairs; when the microstructure is a triangular pyramid structure composed of three triangles perpendicular to each other in pairs and is a hollow concave structure, a reflective layer is provided on at least one of the reflective surfaces, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50% to 95%; when the microstructure is a cubic structure composed of three rectangles perpendicular to each other in pairs and is a hollow concave structure, a reflective layer is provided on at least one of the reflective surfaces, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50% to 95%; the above scheme can improve the reflection efficiency of light, thereby improving the retroreflection efficiency of the retroreflective element and improving the utilization rate of the light emitted by the image source. When the microstructure is a triangular pyramid structure composed of three triangles perpendicular to each other and a solid structure made of transparent material, a reflective layer is provided on at least one of the reflective surfaces, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50% to 95%; when the microstructure is a cubic structure composed of three rectangles perpendicular to each other and a solid structure made of transparent material, a reflective layer is provided on at least one of the reflective surfaces, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50% to 95%; the above scheme can further improve the reflection efficiency of the light reflected from the microstructure, thereby further improving the retroreflection efficiency of the retroreflective element, thereby improving the utilization rate of the light emitted by the image source.

[0096] The above-mentioned triangular pyramid structure is composed of three triangles that are perpendicular to each other in pairs. The triangular pyramid structure has a unique right-angled vertex. Several microstructures are distributed on the surface of the substrate, that is, several triangular pyramid structures are distributed on the surface of the substrate. The right-angled vertices corresponding to the triangular pyramid structures are located on the side close to the substrate surface or on the side away from the substrate surface, that is, several right-angled vertex protrusions are evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate.

[0097] Similarly, the above-mentioned cubic structure is composed of three rectangular faces that are perpendicular to each other in pairs. The cubic structure has at least one right-angled vertex, and several microstructures are distributed on the surface of the substrate, that is, several cubic structures are distributed on the surface of the substrate, and the right-angled vertices corresponding to the cubic structures are located on the side close to the substrate surface or on the side away from the substrate surface, that is, several right-angled vertex protrusions are evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate.

[0098] Example 8

[0099] In the head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the reflective microstructure 3010 adopts a triangular pyramid structure with a cross-section of an equilateral triangle. The triangular pyramid structure is composed of three right-angled isosceles triangles, each of which is perpendicular to each other. The cross-section of the triangular pyramid structure is an equilateral triangle, and the three right-angled isosceles triangles serve as three reflective surfaces.

[0100] Reference Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a triangular pyramid structure with a cross-section of an equilateral triangle. The triangular pyramid structure is a hollow concave structure. The incident light is incident on the retroreflective element. Since the triangular pyramid structure is a hollow concave structure, the incident light directly enters the interior of the triangular pyramid structure and is reflected in sequence by the three reflecting surfaces of the triangular pyramid structure and then reflected in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light, thereby realizing that the retroreflective element emits light in the direction opposite to the incident direction of the incident light.

[0101] The triangular pyramid structure having an equilateral triangle cross section may be, but is not limited to, a hollow concave structure;

[0102] A high reflective layer can also be coated on the three reflective surfaces inside the triangular pyramid structure to improve the reflection efficiency of light;

[0103] Reference Figure 10 , is a schematic diagram of a structure formed by a regular arrangement and combination of six of the above-mentioned triangular pyramid structures. The cross-section of the structure is a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure. This structure has a very high reflection efficiency for incident light, and when the incident light and the cross-section of the triangular pyramid structure are perpendicular to each other, the reflection efficiency of the incident light reaches the highest.

[0104] Example 9

[0105] The head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, has a reflective microstructure 3010 of a triangular pyramid structure with a cross-section of an equilateral triangle. The triangular pyramid structure is composed of three right-angled isosceles triangles, each of which is perpendicular to each other. The cross-section of the triangular pyramid structure is an equilateral triangle, and the three right-angled isosceles triangles serve as three reflective surfaces.

[0106] Reference Figure 12 , Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a triangular pyramid structure with a cross-section of an equilateral triangle. The triangular pyramid structure is a solid structure made of transparent material. The incident light is incident on the retroreflective element. Since the triangular pyramid structure is a solid structure, the incident light is refracted into the triangular pyramid structure and reflected in sequence by the three reflecting surfaces of the triangular pyramid structure. Finally, it is refracted out through the triangular pyramid structure. The refracted light is emitted in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the original incident light, thereby realizing that the retroreflective element emits light in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light.

[0107] In this embodiment, by controlling the refractive index of the solid structure, light can be totally reflected on the internal reflection surface, and efficient reflection can be achieved by utilizing multiple total reflections.

[0108] The triangular pyramid structure with an equilateral triangle cross section may be, but is not limited to, a triangular pyramid structure with an equilateral triangle cross section; a high reflective layer may be coated on the three reverse sides of the solid transparent structure to improve the light reflection efficiency.

[0109] Example 10

[0110] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the reflective microstructure 3010 adopts a triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross section. The cross section of the triangular pyramid structure is an isosceles triangle, and the three faces constituting the triangular pyramid structure are reflective surfaces.

[0111] Reference Figure 22 , Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the light path of a triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross-section. The triangular pyramid structure is a hollow concave structure. The incident light is incident on the retroreflective element. Since the triangular pyramid structure is a hollow concave structure, the incident light directly enters the interior of the triangular pyramid structure and is reflected in sequence by the three reflecting surfaces of the triangular pyramid structure and then reflected in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light, thereby realizing that the retroreflective element emits light in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light.

[0112] The triangular pyramid structure having an isosceles triangle cross section may be, but is not limited to, a hollow concave structure;

[0113] A high reflective layer can also be coated on the three reflective surfaces inside the triangular pyramid structure to improve the reflection efficiency of light;

[0114] Reference Figure 21 , is a schematic diagram of a structure formed by a regular arrangement and combination of the six triangular pyramid structures mentioned above. This structure has a very high reflection efficiency for incident light, and when the incident light and the cross-section of the triangular pyramid structure are perpendicular to each other, the light reflection efficiency reaches the highest.

[0115] Example 11

[0116] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the reflective microstructure 3010 adopts a triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross section. The cross section of the triangular pyramid structure is an isosceles triangle, and the three faces constituting the triangular pyramid structure are reflective surfaces.

[0117] Reference Figure 23 , Figure 23This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross-section. The triangular pyramid structure is a solid structure made of transparent material. The incident light is incident on the retroreflective element. Since the triangular pyramid structure is a solid structure, the incident light is refracted into the triangular pyramid structure and reflected in sequence by the three reflecting surfaces of the triangular pyramid structure. Finally, it is refracted out through the triangular pyramid structure. The refracted light is emitted in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the original incident light, thereby realizing that the retroreflective element emits light in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light.

[0118] The triangular pyramid structure having an isosceles triangle cross section may be, but is not limited to, a solid transparent structure;

[0119] Furthermore, a high-reflection layer can be coated on the three reflective surfaces of the solid transparent structure to improve the reflection efficiency of light.

[0120] Example 12

[0121] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above embodiment of the present invention. The reflective microstructure 3010 in this embodiment adopts a cubic structure with a rectangular cross section. The cubic structure includes three mutually perpendicular reflective surfaces. Figure 13 , Figure 13 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a cube structure with a rectangular cross-section. The cube structure is a hollow concave structure. Incident light enters the retroreflective element. Since the cube structure is a hollow concave structure, the incident light directly enters the interior of the cube structure. After being reflected in sequence by the three reflective surfaces inside the cube structure, it is emitted in the direction opposite to the incident direction of the incident light. This enables the retroreflective element to emit light in the direction opposite to the incident direction of the incident light.

[0122] The aforementioned cubic structure with a rectangular cross section may be, but is not limited to, a hollow concave structure;

[0123] A high-reflection layer can also be coated on the three reflective surfaces inside the cube structure to improve the reflection efficiency of light;

[0124] Reference Figure 14 , Figure 14 This is a top view of a structure formed by a regular arrangement and combination of several cubic structures. This structure has a very high reflection efficiency for incident light, and the light reflection efficiency reaches the highest when the incident light is perpendicular to the cross-section of the cubic structure.

[0125] Example 13

[0126] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above embodiment of the present invention. The reflective microstructure 3010 in this embodiment adopts a cubic structure with a rectangular cross section. The cubic structure includes three mutually perpendicular reflective surfaces. Figure 15 , Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the light path of a cube structure with a rectangular cross-section. The cube structure is a solid structure made of transparent material. The incident light is incident on the retroreflective element. Since the cube structure is a solid structure, the incident light is refracted into the cube structure and reflected in sequence by the three reflective surfaces of the cube structure. Finally, it is refracted out through the cube structure. The refracted light is emitted in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the original incident light, realizing that the retroreflective element emits light in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light.

[0127] The aforementioned cubic structure with a rectangular cross section may be, but is not limited to, a solid transparent structure;

[0128] Furthermore, a high-reflection layer can be coated on the three reflective surfaces of the solid transparent structure to improve the reflection efficiency of light.

[0129] Example 14

[0130] In the head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, a reflective layer is provided between the reflective microstructure 3010 and the substrate 3011. The reflective layer and the reflective microstructure 3010 are integrally formed, or the reflective layer and the substrate 3011 are integrally formed, or the reflective layer exists separately between the reflective microstructure 3010 and the substrate 3011. The function of the reflective layer is to efficiently reflect light incident on the interior of the spherical structure. The reflective layer can have a high reflectivity, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50% to 95%.

[0131] The above-mentioned reflective microstructure 3010 adopts a spherical structure, which is a solid structure made of transparent material. Figure 16 , Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a spherical structure. The incident light enters the retroreflective element. Since the spherical structure is solid, the incident light refracts into the spherical structure at point P and is reflected by the reflective layer between the spherical structure and the substrate. Specifically, the reflection occurs at the focal point O. The reflected light finally passes through point Q on the spherical structure and is refracted out again. The refracted light is emitted in the opposite direction of the original incident light, achieving the retroreflective element emitting light in the opposite direction of the incident light. Specifically, the focal point O refers to the smaller area where the incident light, after refracting into the spherical structure, is concentrated and reflected. This area is point O.

[0132] Example 15

[0133] The head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above embodiment of the present invention, adopts a spherical microstructure that can be directly arranged on the substrate of the retroreflective element. The microstructure adopting the spherical microstructure is in direct contact with the air, and there is no protective film above the microstructure. Figure 16The incident light passes directly through the microstructure, and is refracted at point P on the microstructure of the spherical structure and enters the spherical structure, and is reflected by the reflective layer between the spherical structure and the substrate, specifically at the focal point O. The reflected light finally passes through point Q on the spherical structure and is refracted out again. The refracted light is emitted in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the original incident light. The incident light is refracted and focused directly through the spherical microstructure and then reflected. The reflected light is emitted in the opposite direction of the incident light, with minimal energy loss and the highest light reflection intensity.

[0134] In order to improve the reflection efficiency of light in this embodiment, a metal reflective layer can be coated on the outer surface of the microstructure of the spherical structure. The metal reflective layer can reflect the light incident into the interior of the spherical structure at point O with high efficiency.

[0135] Example 16

[0136] The head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, has a retroreflective element including a substrate and a plurality of microstructures distributed on the surface of the substrate. In this embodiment, the retroreflective element includes a first substrate and a first converging layer, wherein the first converging layer is disposed on the first substrate, wherein the first converging layer includes a reflective layer and a transparent material, wherein the transparent material is disposed above the reflective layer, and the aforementioned plurality of microstructures are disposed within the transparent material. The plurality of spherical microstructures disposed within the transparent material utilize the reflective layer to reflect incident light in a direction opposite to the incident direction to the diffusing element above the retroreflective element.

[0137] Reference Figure 17 In this embodiment, the retroreflective element 6 comprises, from top to bottom along the direction of incident light, a transparent material 600, a reflective layer 601, and a first substrate. The first substrate comprises a backing paper 603 and an adhesive 602 disposed above the backing paper. The adhesive serves as a mounting mechanism, and the upper surface of the adhesive 602 adheres to the reflective layer 601. Within the transparent material 600, a plurality of first microstructures 604 with spherical structures are disposed. Light incident on the first microstructures 604 passes through them and enters the reflective layer 601. The reflective layer 601 reflects the incident light back to the first microstructures 604, where it is then reflected back in the direction opposite to the incident direction of the light toward the diffusing element. The retroreflective element 6 in this embodiment can also be referred to as an embedded retroreflective element.

[0138] The transparent material 600 can be made of a transparent resin material. Spherical microstructures are used, and the sizes of the microstructures are not uniform. These spherical microstructures are directly embedded in the transparent resin material. Since the spherical microstructures are not completely uniform in size, the distance between the spherical microstructures and the reflective layer 601 is also inconsistent. When light passes through the spherical microstructures, there is no guarantee that the focus of the spherical microstructures will fall exactly on the reflective layer behind them. Consequently, the reflected light cannot be re-transmitted back through the spherical microstructures to the image source.

[0139] The spherical structure can be an elliptical spherical structure or a round spherical structure.

[0140] Example 17

[0141] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above embodiment of the present invention. The retroreflective element includes a substrate and a plurality of microstructures distributed on the surface of the substrate. In this embodiment, referring to Figure 18 In this embodiment, the retroreflective element 7 includes a second substrate and a second converging layer, and the second converging layer is arranged on the second substrate, wherein the second substrate includes a backing paper 702 and a backing glue 701 arranged on the backing paper 702, and the backing glue 701 is adhered to the second converging layer; wherein the second converging layer includes a fixed layer 700 and a second microstructure 705, and the second microstructure 705 is arranged on the surface of the fixed layer 700, and the side of the fixed layer 700 away from the second microstructure 705 is adhered to the backing glue 701. In this embodiment, the microstructure adopts a microstructure with a reflective surface, and the reflective surface can be a part of the surface of the microstructure that reflects the incident light; in this embodiment, the retroreflective element 7 can also be called a sealed retroreflective element.

[0142] In this embodiment, in order to protect the microstructure provided in the second converging layer, the retroreflective element further includes a transparent cover layer 706, which is provided on the second converging layer; a first isolation layer 704 is formed in the gap between the side of the second microstructure 705 away from the fixed layer 700 and the transparent cover layer 706, and the refractive index of the first isolation layer 704 is smaller than the refractive index of the transparent cover layer, the fixed layer and the microstructure. In order to make the refractive index of the first isolation layer 704 smaller than the refractive index of the transparent cover layer, the fixed layer and the microstructure, no medium can be used in the first isolation layer, and then the first isolation layer 704 is an air layer; the first isolation layer can be filled with aerogel whose refractive index is very close to that of air, which can also achieve the purpose of the refractive index of the first isolation layer being smaller than the refractive index of the transparent cover layer, the fixed layer and the microstructure.

[0143] The above-mentioned second convergence layer includes a fixed layer 700 and a second microstructure 705. The second microstructure 705 is arranged on the surface of the fixed layer 700. The fixed layer 700 has a plurality of recessed portions. Each of the plurality of recessed portions can accommodate at least one second microstructure 705. In the fixed layer 700, in order to distinguish different recessed portions, each recessed portion can be separated by a raised portion 703. The raised portion 703 is used to support the transparent cover 700.

[0144] In this embodiment, the microstructures utilize reflective surfaces. The reflective material can be directly coated onto the spherical structures, thereby controlling the focus to fall on the outer surface of the spherical structures. This ensures that all light refracted from the spherical structures to the outer surface is returned to the spherical structures. To achieve this, the refractive index is only valid when light enters the spherical structures through the first isolation layer.

[0145] The fixing layer 700 may be made of resin, and the transparent cover layer 706 may be made of transparent resin.

[0146] The spherical structure can be an elliptical spherical structure or a round spherical structure.

[0147] Example 18

[0148] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, wherein the surface of the transflective device is a free-form surface. The image source emits light for forming an image. The light is incident on the free-form surface of the transflective device. The free-form surface reflects the light incident thereon. The reflected light is incident on the light control device. The diffuser emits the light incident thereon onto the retroreflective element. The retroreflective element reflects the light incident thereon in a direction opposite to the incident direction. The reflected light reaches the diffuser again. The diffuser diffuses the light incident thereon to form a light beam of a specific shape. The light beam of the specific shape reaches the free-form surface of the transflective device and is reflected again, ultimately forming a virtual image.

[0149] Example 19

[0150] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, wherein the surface of the transflective device is a plane. The image source emits light for forming an image. The light is incident on the plane of the transflective device. The plane reflects the incident light, and the reflected light is incident on the light control device. The diffuser emits the incident light onto the retroreflective element. The retroreflective element reflects the incident light in a direction opposite to the incident direction. The reflected light reaches the diffuser again, and the diffuser diffuses the incident light to form a light beam of a specific shape. The formed light beam of a specific shape reaches the plane of the transflective device and is reflected again, ultimately forming a virtual image.

[0151] Example 20

[0152] The head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, is used in a vehicle with a windshield. Figure 19 The image source 1 adopts a projection device, and the transflective device 2 adopts the windshield of a vehicle, and a transflective film is provided on the windshield. The transflective film is used to improve the reflectivity and transmittance of light. The positional relationship between the projection device, the windshield in the vehicle, and the light control device is as follows: the side of the projection device that projects light faces the windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is arranged below the windshield of the vehicle, such as the surface of the vehicle dashboard; specifically, when used in a vehicle with a windshield, the projection device is arranged on the top of the vehicle, the side of the projection device that emits light faces the front windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is arranged below the transflective device.

[0153] The light control device 3 includes a retroreflective element 301 and a diffuser element 300. The diffuser element 300 is arranged above the retroreflective element 301. The light incident on the light control device 3 first reaches the diffuser element 300 and then passes through the diffuser element 300 to reach the retroreflective element 301. The retroreflective element 301 is used to reflect the light incident thereon in the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the diffuser element 300 is used to diffuse the light incident thereon. After the light is diffused by the diffuser element, a beam of light with a specific shape is formed (the dotted line in the figure represents the diffused light beam).

[0154] When the head-up display is operating, the projection device emits light for forming an image. This light is incident on the windshield and reflected once by the windshield (this primary reflection refers to the first reflection relative to the windshield itself). The reflected light reaches the light control device. The light reaching the light control device first reaches the diffusing element 300, passes through the diffusing element 300, and then exits to the retroreflective element 301. The retroreflective element 301 transmits the incident light in a direction opposite to the incident direction. The exiting light reaches the diffusing element 300 above it again, which diffuses the incident light to form a beam with a specific shape. The beam with a specific shape reaches the windshield, which reflects the incident light a second time (this secondary reflection refers to the second reflection relative to the windshield itself) to form a virtual image. The reflected light is emitted to a predetermined area, allowing the driver to observe large-scale image information in the eye box area while driving.

[0155] The above-mentioned projection device includes a projection light source, an image generation unit, and a lens unit. The projection light source emits light, which is converted into image light by the image generation unit. The image light then exits through the lens unit to form projection light. Projection devices include LCD projection devices and DLP devices. The projection light source emits light, which can specifically be a gas discharge light source, including an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, a short-arc xenon lamp, and a metal halide lamp. The projection light source can also be an electroluminescent light source, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) light source. The projection light source can also be a laser light source. The image generation unit converts light into image light, which can specifically be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a digital micromirror device (DMD). The lens unit emits projection light, which forms projection light after passing through the lens unit. The projection light is projected onto a screen to form a real image. The lens unit includes a convex lens, or an equivalent lens group that performs a similar function to a convex lens, such as a combination of a convex lens, a concave lens, and a Fresnel lens. The projection device can specifically adopt a wide-angle or ultra-wide-angle projection device, which can project a large-size picture. Combined with a large-size light control device, the head-up display device can display a large-size picture.

[0156] Example 21

[0157] The head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, is used in a vehicle with a windshield. Figure 20 The image source 1 adopts a projection device, and the transflective device 2 adopts the windshield of a vehicle, and a transflective film is provided on the windshield. The transflective film is used to improve the reflectivity and transmittance of light. The positional relationship between the projection device, the windshield in the vehicle, and the light control device is as follows: the side of the projection device that projects light faces the windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is arranged below the windshield of the vehicle, such as the surface of the dashboard of the vehicle; specifically, when used in a vehicle with a windshield, the projection device is arranged on the top of the vehicle, the side of the projection device that emits light faces the front windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is arranged below the transflective device.

[0158] The light control device 3 includes a retroreflective element 301 and a diffuser element 300. The diffuser element 300 is arranged above the retroreflective element 301. The light incident on the light control device 3 first reaches the diffuser element 300, then passes through the diffuser element 300 and reaches the retroreflective element 301. The retroreflective element 301 is used to reflect the light incident thereon in a direction opposite to the incident direction, and the diffuser element 300 is used to diffuse the light incident thereon. After the light is diffused by the diffuser element, two light beams of specific shapes are formed (the dotted lines in the figure represent the light of the two light beams after diffusion).

[0159] The specific optical path is Figure 33 As shown, a multi-beam diffuser element is used. The multi-beam diffuser element can diffuse the light incident thereon into two beams of light with specific shapes. The multi-beam diffuser element includes a light diffusion layer 3000 and a light orientation layer 3001. The light orientation layer 3001 is used to direct the light in multiple different directions, and the light diffusion layer 3000 is used to diffuse the light in multiple different directions into multiple beams.

[0160] First, light for forming an image is emitted by the projection device, and the light is reflected by the windshield after reaching the windshield. The reflected light A reaches the multi-beam diffuser element, and the reflected light A after passing through the multi-beam diffuser element becomes a light B that is closer to vertical. The light B is incident on the retroreflective element, and is emitted by the retroreflective element in the opposite direction of the incident light (here the incident light refers to light B). The emitted light C is still closer to vertical. The emitted light C is incident from the light directional layer, passes through the light directional layer and the light diffusion layer, and finally the light emitted from the multi-beam diffuser is separated into two beams, and the main optical axes of the two beams are D and E respectively. The light with the main optical axis D is reflected by the windshield again and covers the eye box area, and the light with the main optical axis E is reflected by the windshield again and covers the projection device. For details, refer to Figure 20 The multi-beam diffuser in this embodiment diffuses light into two beams: one beam, after reflection, covers the eyebox area, and the other beam, after reflection, covers the projection device. Based on the above embodiment, when using a multi-beam diffuser, the position of the projection device can be further limited. The multi-beam diffuser diffuses a beam with a principal optical axis in the direction of E, parallel to the direction of the reflected light A. After reflection from the windshield, the principal optical axis of the reflected light is parallel to the light emitted by the projection device. Compared to embodiments that diffuse a single beam, using a multi-beam diffuser prevents light from being emitted between the projection device and the eyebox area, further improving light efficiency. This embodiment enables large-scale full-window HUD display.

[0161] When the head-up display is operating, the projection device emits light for forming an image. This light is incident on the windshield and reflected once by the windshield (this primary reflection refers to the first reflection relative to the windshield itself). The reflected light reaches the light control device. The light reaching the light control device first reaches the diffusing element 300, passes through the diffusing element 300, and then exits to the retroreflective element 301. The retroreflective element 301 transmits the incident light in a direction opposite to the incident direction. The exiting light reaches the diffusing element 300 above again, which diffuses the incident light to form two beams of specific shapes. The beams of specific shapes reach the windshield, which reflects the incident light a second time (this secondary reflection refers to the second reflection relative to the windshield itself), forming a virtual image. The reflected light exits to two areas, one of which is a predetermined area. The driver can observe large-scale image information in the eye box area while driving. The device can make efficient use of projected light, form a large FOV image outside the windshield, and form large-size, high-definition, high-brightness images with low power consumption, greatly improving the HUD user experience.

[0162] The above-mentioned projection device includes a projection light source, an image generation unit, and a lens unit. The projection light source emits light, which is converted into image light by the image generation unit. The image light then exits through the lens unit to form projection light. Projection devices include LCD projection devices and DLP devices. The projection light source emits light, which can specifically be a gas discharge light source, including an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, a short-arc xenon lamp, and a metal halide lamp. The projection light source can also be an electroluminescent light source, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) light source. The projection light source can also be a laser light source. The image generation unit converts light into image light, which can specifically be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a digital micromirror device (DMD). The lens unit emits projection light, which forms projection light after passing through the lens unit. The projection light is projected onto a screen to form a real image. The lens unit includes a convex lens, or an equivalent lens group that performs a similar function to a convex lens, such as a combination of a convex lens, a concave lens, and a Fresnel lens.

[0163] Example 22

[0164] The head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 3 , comprising an image source 1, a transflective device 2 and a light control device 3, wherein the image source 1 is used to emit light for forming an image; the transflective device 2 is used to reflect the light incident thereon and allow the light incident thereon to be transmitted; Figure 2The light control device 3 includes a retroreflective element 301 and a diffusing element 300. The diffusing element 300 is arranged above the retroreflective element 301. The light incident on the light control device 3 first reaches the diffusing element 300 and then passes through the diffusing element 300 to reach the retroreflective element 301. The retroreflective element 301 is used to reflect the light incident thereon in the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the diffusing element 300 is used to diffuse the light incident thereon.

[0165] The above-mentioned retroreflective element 301 uses metamaterials to achieve the opposite reflection function. After the introduction of metamaterials, the incident angle of the light and the reflection angle of the reflected light are no longer equal, but the propagation direction of the light can be controlled by the metamaterial. After the introduction of metamaterials, an additional phase difference will be introduced. At this time, by changing the phase of the light, the propagation direction of the light during reflection and refraction can be changed.

[0166] Metamaterials have anisotropic properties and can perform phase compensation on light. That is, by changing the phase of light incident on the metamaterial, the direction of reflection and refraction of the light can be changed, thereby achieving the above-mentioned light convergence and counter-reflection functions.

[0167] Reference Figure 24 The retroreflective element 301 can be made of a metamaterial. In this embodiment, the retroreflective element 301 includes: a light converging layer 800, a second isolation layer 801, a planar reflective layer 802, and a substrate 803, which are sequentially arranged in the direction of incident light. The planar reflective layer 802 is located on the focal plane of the light converging layer 800. The light converging layer 800 and the planar reflective layer 802 are respectively made of different metamaterials (different metamaterials refer to materials with different sizes, compositions, shapes, or arrangements. The size and shape of the metamaterial are determined by the function it performs). The substrate 803 is used to support the light converging layer 800, the second isolation layer 801, and the planar reflective layer 802. The functions of the various parts of the retroreflective element 301 made of the metamaterial are as follows: under the combined action of the light converging layer 800, the second isolation layer 801, the planar reflective layer 802, and the substrate 803, the phase of the light is cumulatively changed by π. The retroreflective element made of the metamaterial performs a counter-reflective effect on the light, so that the light can be reflected in the direction opposite to the incident direction of the light.

[0168] The light converging layer 800 can be made of a high-refractive-index material, and the plane reflective layer 802 can also be made of a high-refractive-index material (high-refractive-index materials include, but are not limited to, strontium titanate, chromium oxide, copper oxide, titanium dioxide (rutile type), titanium dioxide (anatase type), amorphous selenium, zinc oxide, gallium nitride, iodine crystal, amorphous silicon, and single-crystal silicon). The light converging layer 800 changes the phase of the incident light, converging the incident light onto the plane reflective layer 802, and transmits the light reflected back from the plane reflective layer in the opposite direction of the direction in which the light entered the light converging layer. The light converging layer 800 acts like a convex lens and can be regarded as a microlens array composed of a plurality of micro-convex lenses (the size of the micro-convex lenses is on the order of several hundred nanometers), which can converge light onto multiple adjacent points. The second isolation layer 801 is used to position the plane reflective layer 802 on the focal plane of the light converging layer 800. The planar reflective layer 802 is capable of altering the phase of the light focused by the light converging layer and reflecting the phase-shifted light back to the light converging layer. The substrate 803, together with the light converging layer 800, the second isolation layer 801, and the planar reflective layer 802, forms a resonant structure capable of altering the phase of incident light. The substrate 803 can be made of a polymer material.

[0169] In this embodiment, the first arrangement of the light converging layer 800 in the retroreflective element 301 is adopted, as shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 25 As shown, when the light is three primary colors, the light converging layer 800 includes: a first light converging column, a second light converging column, and a third light converging column, whose length, width and height respectively correspond to the wavelengths of the transmitted light; the first light converging column, the second light converging column and the third light converging column are placed on the second isolation layer 801.

[0170] The first light converging column shifts the phase of the first color of the incident three primary colors to converge the first color of the three primary colors onto the planar reflective layer, and transmits the first color of the light reflected from the planar reflective layer in a direction opposite to the direction in which the first color of the light entered the light converging layer. The second light converging column shifts the phase of the second color of the incident three primary colors to converge the second color of the three primary colors onto the planar reflective layer, and transmits the second color of the light reflected from the planar reflective layer in a direction opposite to the direction in which the second color of the light entered the light converging layer. The third light converging column shifts the phase of the third color of the incident three primary colors to converge the third color of the three primary colors onto the planar reflective layer, and transmits the third color of the light reflected from the planar reflective layer in a direction opposite to the direction in which the third color of the light entered the light converging layer.

[0171] The three primary colors of light are composed of red, green, and blue. The first, second, and third colors of light can be any combination of red, green, and blue. This will not be discussed further here. To improve the efficiency of the first, second, and third light converging cylinders in converging the three primary colors and to accumulate more geometric phases, the first, second, and third light converging cylinders can be arranged in a plurality of concentric rings.

[0172] The specific shapes of the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder can be as follows: Figure 25 As shown, other shapes that can achieve the light converging function can also be used and will not be detailed here. Red light, green light, and blue light each have different wavelength ranges. In order to converge all three primary colors of light onto the planar reflective layer, the length, width, and height of the first light converging column, the second light converging column, and the third light converging column need to correspond to the wavelength of the color light to be converged.

[0173] Optionally, in order to separate the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder by a certain distance, and to support the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder, the light converging layer 800 also includes a first substrate layer; the upper surface of the first substrate layer can be fixed with any one of the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder, and the lower surface of the first substrate layer can be in contact with the second isolation layer 801.

[0174] In order to place the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder, the first substrate layer can be regarded as consisting of multiple adjacent substrate blocks, and any one of the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder can be placed on each substrate block in the above-mentioned first substrate layer; the structural period of the first substrate layer is related to the sizes of the placed first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder.

[0175] In addition, the shape of the substrate block is a cuboid, the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate block may be square surfaces, and the side surface of the substrate layer is a rectangular surface.

[0176] The structural period of the first substrate layer refers to the side lengths of the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate block. This period determines the spacing between adjacent light-converging rods in the first, second, and third light-converging rods arranged on the first substrate layer. This spacing affects the wavelength and phase control of the incident light.

[0177] The wavelength range of red light is: 622~760 nanometers; the wavelength range of green light is: 492~577 nanometers; the wavelength range of blue light is: 405~450 nanometers.

[0178] The sizes of the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder are proportional to the wavelengths of the three primary colors of light to be converged. Here, the sizes refer to the length, width, and height of the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder.

[0179] Specifically, when the wavelengths of the three primary colors of light emitted by the light source are: blue light 405 nanometers, green light 532 nanometers, and red light 660 nanometers, the first light converging rod is configured to converge the 405 nanometer blue light, the second light converging rod is configured to converge the 532 nanometer green light, and the third light converging rod is configured to converge the 660 nanometer red light.

[0180] In order to converge 405 nanometer blue light, the dimensions of the first light converging column are: 600 nanometers in height, 40 nanometers in width, and 150 nanometers in length, and the side lengths of the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate block where the first light converging column is placed in the first substrate layer are 200 nanometers.

[0181] In order to converge 532 nanometer green light, the dimensions of the second light converging column are: 600 nanometers in height, 95 nanometers in width, and 250 nanometers in length, and the side lengths of the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate block on which the second light converging column is placed in the first substrate layer are 325 nanometers.

[0182] In order to converge 660 nanometer red light, the dimensions of the third light converging column are: 600 nanometers in height, 85 nanometers in width, and 410 nanometers in length, and the side lengths of the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate block on which the third light converging column is placed in the first substrate layer are 430 nanometers.

[0183] like Figure 25 It can be seen that in the first arrangement of the light converging layer 800, the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder are distributed in the circumferential direction in each of the plurality of concentric rings. The first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder can be arranged in any arrangement in the circumferential direction that can be conceived by those skilled in the art.

[0184] Preferably, within the same circular ring, the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder can be evenly spaced in the circumferential direction, and the setting ratio of the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder is 1:1:1.

[0185] The first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder may be distributed in a circumferential direction with equal distances between them, or with unequal distances between them.

[0186] The distribution of the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder is preferably arranged at equal intervals, so that the phase modulation of the converged light by the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder distributed in this way is accurate and smooth. However, the distribution between the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder can also be arranged at non-equidistant intervals. The impact caused by the non-equidistant arrangement is that the phase modulation may not be so accurate and smooth, but it also has a certain modulation effect and light converging function. The upper surface of the planar reflective layer 802 has a quasi-periodic structure, and the planar reflective layer reflects the light converged by the light converging layer to the diffuser element in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the light through the quasi-periodic structure. The quasi-periodic structure is a short-range ordered periodic structure obtained by reducing the original strictly periodic structure.

[0187] During use of the retroreflective element 301, each of the circular rings formed by the first, second, and third light converging cylinders rotates sequentially, gradually changing their angles and ultimately altering the phase of the incident light. Each ring-shaped ring causes a phase change between (0, 2π) and accumulates these phases, ultimately resulting in a phase change of 2π or greater.

[0188] Example 23

[0189] A head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above embodiment of the present invention. Figure 26 The schematic diagram of the second arrangement of the light converging layer 800 of the retroreflective element shown is that the light converging layer 800 includes: a fourth light converging column whose length and width respectively correspond to the compensation phase of the transmitted light; the fourth light converging column is placed on the second isolation layer. The fourth light converging column converges light of any wavelength onto the planar reflective layer by changing the phase of the incident light, and transmits the light reflected back from the planar reflective layer in the opposite direction of the direction in which the light is incident on the light converging layer. Preferably, the fourth light converging column in the above-mentioned light converging layer 800 is a rectangular column. In one embodiment, the light converging layer 800 can be made of GaN material.

[0190] In order to converge light of different wavelengths, the corresponding relationship between the length and width of the fourth light converging column and the phase of the incident light compensation is shown in Table 1.

[0191] Table 1

[0192]

[0193]

[0194] Wherein, LP represents the length of the fourth light converging cylinder, and WP represents the width of the fourth light converging cylinder.

[0195] In order to improve the light converging efficiency of the fourth light converging cylinder, a plurality of fourth light converging cylinders are arranged into a plurality of concentric rings. Figure 26 It can be seen that in the second arrangement of the light converging layer 800, each of the several concentric rings formed by the arrangement of the plurality of fourth light converging cylinders is distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0196] The distribution mode of the fourth light converging cylinder in the circumferential direction is similar to the distribution mode of the first light converging cylinder, the second light converging cylinder, and the third light converging cylinder in the circumferential direction, and will not be described in detail here.

[0197] The upper surface of the planar reflective layer 802 has a quasi-periodic structure. The planar reflective layer reflects the light converged by the light converging layer to the diffusion element in a direction opposite to the incident direction of the light through the quasi-periodic structure.

[0198] In the second arrangement of the light converging layer 800, the light converging layer 800 further comprises: a second substrate layer; the aforementioned fourth light converging columns are placed on the upper surface of the second substrate layer, and the lower surface of the second substrate layer is bonded to the second isolation layer; the fourth light converging columns, which have different lengths and widths, can converge light of different wavelengths. Therefore, by placing the fourth light converging columns of different lengths and widths on the second substrate layer, light of any wavelength can be converged.

[0199] In the second arrangement of the light converging layer 800 , the substrate layer can also be considered to be composed of a plurality of adjacent substrate blocks, the shapes of which are similar to those of the substrate blocks described in the first arrangement of the light converging layer 800 .

[0200] For the second arrangement of the light converging layer 800, the size of the structural period of the second substrate layer also determines the spacing between adjacent fourth light converging columns, which affects the wavelength and phase control of the incident light.

[0201] As can be seen from the above description, the fourth light-converging column is capable of converging light across the entire wavelength range. Therefore, the structural period of the second substrate layer is fixed, for example, it can be any value between 100 nanometers and 150 nanometers. Preferably, the side lengths of the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate block housing the fourth light-converging column can be 120 nanometers.

[0202] In the above implementation, the length, width and height of the quasi-periodic structure on the upper surface of the planar reflective layer 802 are all smaller than the wavelength of the incident light.

[0203] Example 24

[0204] A head-up display device of this embodiment is based on the above embodiment of the present invention. Figure 27 The top view of the structure of the light converging layer 800 of the retroreflective element 301 in the third arrangement mode and Figure 28 The structural side view of the third arrangement of the light converging layer 800 of the reflective element 301 shown, the light converging layer 800, includes: a fifth light converging cylinder 8000 and a first material layer 8001. The first material layer 8001 is arranged on the second isolation layer 801, and the fifth light converging cylinder 8000 is arranged in the first material layer 8001. The adjacent fifth light converging cylinders 8000 are silicon cylinders with different diameters; the diameter of the fifth light converging cylinder is smaller than the wavelength of any light in the visible light. In order to achieve a better light converging effect, the adjacent fifth light converging cylinders 8000 are arranged at equal distances. The distance between adjacent fifth light converging cylinders 8000 is between 300 nanometers and 600 nanometers. Here, the adjacent fifth light converging cylinders 8000 are arranged at equal distances, which means that the distance between the centers of any two adjacent fifth light converging cylinders 8000 is equal. The fifth light converging column 8000 converges the incident multi-path light onto the planar reflective layer by changing the phase of the incident light, and transmits the light reflected back from the planar reflective layer in the opposite direction of the direction of the light incident on the light converging layer. When designing the light converging layer of the above-mentioned retroreflective element, in order to arrange adjacent fifth light converging columns 8000 at equal distances, the fifth light converging columns 8000 can be placed in the light converging units 8002 arranged in a honeycomb pattern. In order to prevent gaps between the light converging units 8002 from affecting the performance of the light converging element, see Figure 27 The structure top view of the light converging layer of the retroreflective element shown in FIG. Figure 28 The structural side view of the light converging layer of the retroreflective element is shown. In one embodiment, the light converging unit 8002 can be in the shape of a hexagon, and the cross section of the light converging unit 8002 is hexagonal.

[0205] The fifth light converging column 8000 may also be made of amorphous silicon.

[0206] In the third arrangement of the light converging layer 800, by controlling the diameter of the fifth light converging rods 8000, for example, by arranging the diameter of the fifth light converging rods 8000 in a quasi-linear pattern between 60 nm and 300 nm, the phase of the incident light can be modulated within the range of 0 to 2π. Figure 29 The fifth light converging cylinder is shown in the schematic diagram of a quasi-linear arrangement of diameters. Figure 29 The horizontal axis represents the diameter length of the fifth light converging column 8000, and the vertical axis represents the light transmittance. Figure 29 It can be seen that the light transmittance of the fifth light converging rod 8000 is poor when the diameter is 225 nanometers and 260 nanometers. The fifth light converging rod 8000 can achieve the light converging function without using the diameter of 225 nanometers and 260 nanometers.

[0207] Wherein, |t|2 represents the transmittance of the fifth light converging rod to light; ∠t / 2π represents the degree of change of the phase of the transmitted light by the fifth light converging rod.

[0208] The refractive index of the fifth light converging column 8000 is much higher than the refractive index of the first material layer 8001 .

[0209] See also Figure 30 The top view of the structure of the planar reflective layer corresponding to the light converging layer of the retroreflective element 301 and Figure 31 The structure side view of the planar reflective layer corresponding to the light converging layer of the retroreflective element 301 is shown. The planar reflective layer includes: light reflecting columns 9000 and a second material layer 9001.

[0210] from Figure 30 and Figure 31 It can be seen that the light reflecting cylinder 9000 in the plane reflection unit 9002 is Figure 27 and Figure 28 Compared with the fifth light converging cylinder 8000 in the light converging unit 8002 , the diameter range of the light reflecting cylinder 9000 and the fifth light converging cylinder 8000 are consistent, but the arrangement method is different.

[0211] The light reflecting columns 9000 may be arranged in a quasi-linear pattern, and the specific arrangement pattern is as follows: Figure 32 As shown. Among them, Figure 32 The horizontal axis represents the diameter length of the light reflecting cylinder 9000, and the vertical axis represents the light reflectivity.

[0212] Where |r| 2 It represents the reflectivity of the light reflecting cylinder to the light; ∠r / 2π represents the degree of change of the phase of the reflected light by the light reflecting cylinder.

[0213] The second material layer 9001 is disposed between the second isolation layer 801 and the substrate 803. The light-reflecting columns 9000 are disposed within the second material layer 9001. Adjacent light-reflecting columns 9000 are cylinders of varying diameters. The light-reflecting columns are capable of altering the phase of light upon incident light and upon reflecting light back to the light-converging layer. Incident light is transmitted through the light-reflecting columns and then reflected back to the light-converging layer.

[0214] The above-mentioned plane reflection unit composed of light reflecting columns can be made of high refractive index material.

[0215] To achieve better light reflection, adjacent fifth light converging cylinders 8000 are arranged at equal distances. The distance between adjacent fifth light converging cylinders 8000 is between 300 nanometers and 600 nanometers. Here, the equidistant arrangement of adjacent light reflecting cylinders 9000 means that the distance between the centers of any two adjacent light reflecting cylinders 9000 is equal.

[0216] When designing the plane reflective layer of the retroreflective element 301, in order to arrange adjacent light reflective cylinders 9000 at equal distances, different light reflective cylinders 9000 can be placed in each plane reflective unit 9002 arranged in a honeycomb pattern. In order to avoid gaps between the plane reflective units 9002, which would affect the performance of the light converging element, see Figure 30 The structure of the planar reflective layer of the retroreflective element 301 is shown in the top view and Figure 31 The structure side view of the plane reflection layer corresponding to the light converging layer of the retroreflective element 301 is shown. The plane reflection unit 9002 can be in the shape of a hexagon, and the cross section of the plane reflection unit 9002 is hexagonal.

[0217] In the third arrangement of the light-converging layer, the substrate 803 can be considered to be composed of multiple hexagonal substrate blocks to accommodate the planar reflective units 9002. Each substrate block can accommodate a planar reflective unit 9002. The periodicity of the substrate structure determines the spacing between the light-reflecting cylinders 9000 in adjacent planar reflective units 9002. This spacing affects the wavelength and phase control of the reflected light by the light-reflecting cylinders 9000.

[0218] In the third arrangement of the line convergence layer, the structural period of the substrate is the side length of each hexagon serving as the substrate block.

[0219] In addition, the size of the structural period of the substrate 803 for placing the second material layer 9001 is 450 nanometers. When the diameters of the light reflecting cylinder 9000 and the fifth light converging cylinder 8000 vary between 0 and 300 nanometers, the phase change amount thereof is 0 to 2π. There is a quasi-linear relationship between the diameters of the light reflecting cylinder 9000 and the fifth light converging cylinder 8000 and the phase change amount, as shown in FIG. Figure 29 and Figure 32 shown.

[0220] The first material layer 8001 and the second material layer 9001 can be made of polymer materials such as SU-8. The structural formula of the polymer material SU-8 is: 87 H 70 O 16 The refractive index of SU-8 is 1.57. Materials with a similar refractive index to SU-8 include, but are not limited to, styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer, poly(phenyl methacrylate), poly(o-cresyl methacrylate), poly(diallyl phthalate), polyethylene terephthalate, poly(vinylbenozoate), poly(m-nitrobenzyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, bisphenol-A polycarbonate, poly(o-methyl styrene), and polystyrene.

[0221] All of the above materials can be used to form the first material layer 8001 and the second material layer 9001 .

[0222] In the implementation of the above-mentioned retro-reflective element, in order to make the substrate have a certain light reflection function, the substrate 803 is made of a metal film or a semiconductor material.

[0223] In this way, when some light passes through the planar reflective unit 9002 and is incident on the substrate 803, the substrate will reflect the light that has passed through the planar reflective layer back to the planar reflective layer. The light that has passed through the planar reflective layer is thus reflected back to the position of the planar reflective layer and passes through the planar reflective layer again. In this way, the planar reflective layer can accumulate and modulate the phase of more incident light, achieving the effect of opposite reflection.

[0224] Here, the structure of the planar reflective layer used in the first and second arrangements of the light converging layer 800 of the retroreflective element 301 is the same as that of the planar reflective layer used in the first and second arrangements. Figure 31 and Figure 32 The structure of the planar reflective layer shown is similar and will not be described again here.

[0225] Example 25

[0226] In a head-up display device according to the present embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, when the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retroreflective element 301 adopts a spatial structure consisting of three surfaces that are perpendicular to each other and the spatial structure is a solid structure made of a transparent material, or when the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retroreflective element 301 is a spherical microstructure and the spherical microstructure is a solid structure made of a transparent material, the retroreflective element 301 needs to be designed accordingly.

[0227] Specifically, refer to Figure 34 The retroreflective element 301 includes a substrate 3011 and a plurality of reflective microstructures 3010 distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011. The plurality of reflective microstructures 3010 are evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011, and the reflective microstructures 3010 can reflect the light incident thereon in the opposite direction of the incident direction; a recessed portion is formed between the plurality of reflective microstructures 3010, and a filler 3012 is provided in the recessed portion. When the retroreflective element 301 with the filler 3012 is connected to an external element, it can ensure that the reflective microstructures 3010 in the retroreflective element 301 are not squeezed and damaged, thereby making the retroreflective element with reflective microstructures scalable in application.

[0228] The above-mentioned reflective microstructure 3010 itself has a reflective surface, which enables the reflective microstructure 3010 to reflect the light incident thereon in the opposite direction of the incident direction; Figure 35 In this embodiment, a reflective layer 3013 is provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010. The reflective layer 3013 is located between the reflective microstructure 3010 and the filler 3012. The reflective layer 3013 has a high reflectivity for light. When light is incident on the retroreflective element 301, the light is efficiently reflected after reaching the reflective layer 3013, so that the retroreflective element 301 has a high reflectivity for light.

[0229] Specifically, the reflective layer 3013 on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 has a high reflectivity to light, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer 3013 to light can reach 60%, 70%, 80% or more than 90%;

[0230] Furthermore, the reflectivity of the reflective layer 3013 to light can even reach 95%.

[0231] Example 26

[0232] A head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above embodiment of the present invention, refers to Figure 35 A reflective layer 3013 is provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010. The reflective layer 3013 is located between the reflective microstructure 3010 and the filler 3012. The reflective layer 3013 has a high reflectivity for light. When light is incident on the retroreflective element 301, the light is efficiently reflected after reaching the reflective layer 3013, thereby making the retroreflective element 301 have a high reflectivity for light.

[0233] The specific implementation of the reflective layer 3013 in this embodiment is:

[0234] The reflective layer 3013 is formed by stacking film layers, each of which has a refractive index property. The reflective layer 3013 includes at least a portion of stacked film layers, wherein the refractive index of adjacent film layers in the portion of the stacked film layers is distributed with high and low refractive indices, and the portion of the stacked film layers includes at least a pair of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distributions.

[0235] Reference Figure 36 Specifically, the reflective layer 3013 is formed by stacking film layers. Along the incident direction of light, all the stacked film layers include the first film layer m1, the second film layer m2, the third film layer m3, the fourth film layer m4...the n-1th film layer m n-1 and the nth film layer m n , wherein the reflective layer 3013 includes at least a portion of stacked film layers, which is only a portion of all stacked film layers. The refractive indexes of adjacent film layers in this portion of stacked film layers are distributed in high and low directions, and this portion of stacked film layers includes at least one pair of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive indexes. Therefore, among the n layers of stacked film layers, there is a portion of stacked film layers with high and low refractive indexes of adjacent film layers. This portion of stacked film layers may include 5 pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive indexes (the adjacent film layers with high and low refractive indexes in this portion of stacked film layers may be, but are not limited to, 5 pairs). The 5 pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive indexes may be: the n-10th film layer m n-10 To the n-1th film layer m n-1 , where the n-10th film layer m n-10 The refractive index of the n-9th film layer is higher than that of the m n-9The refractive index of the n-8th film layer m n-8 The refractive index of the n-7th film layer is higher than that of the m n-7 The refractive index of the n-6th film layer m n-6 The refractive index of the n-5th film layer is higher than that of the m n-5 The refractive index of the n-4th film layer m n-4 The refractive index of the n-3 layer is higher than that of the m n-3 The refractive index of the n-2 film layer m n-2 The refractive index of the n-1th film layer m n-1 The refractive index of the partially stacked film layer can be, but is not limited to, the position of the partially stacked film layer in all the stacked film layers. In practical applications, the more pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distribution in the partially stacked film layers, the higher the reflectivity of the final reflective layer 3013 to light, and thus the higher the reflectivity of the optical element to light. The number of pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distribution in the partially stacked film layers can be, but is not limited to, 50 pairs; the number of pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distribution in the partially stacked film layers can range from 5 to 100 pairs; when the number of pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distribution in the partially stacked film layers is between 20 and 30 pairs, the reflective layer has an extremely high reflection efficiency for light, thereby making the optical element have an extremely high reflection efficiency for light.

[0236] The above-mentioned reflective layer 3013 is formed by stacking film layers, and the refractive index of the film layers is not less than 2. When the reflective layer 3013 includes 2 refractive indices, the n-10th film layer m n-10 The refractive index of the n-8th film layer m n-8 The refractive index of the n-6th film layer m n-6 The refractive index of the n-4th film layer m n-4 The refractive index of the n-2 film layer m n-2 The refractive index of the nth to 9th film layers m n-9 The refractive index of the n-7th film layer m n-7 The refractive index of the n-5th film layer m n-5 The refractive index of the n-3 film layer m n-3 The refractive index of the n-1th film layer m n-1 The refractive index is the same.

[0237] When the reflective layer 3013 has more than two refractive indices, as long as the above is met: the n-10th film layer m n-10 To the n-1th film layer m n-1 , where the n-10th film layer m n-10 The refractive index of the n-9th film layer is higher than that of the m n-9 The refractive index of the n-8th film layer m n-8 The refractive index of the n-7th film layer is higher than that of the m n-7 The refractive index of the n-6th film layer m n-6The refractive index of the n-5th film layer is higher than that of the m n-5 The refractive index of the n-4th film layer m n-4 The refractive index of the n-3 layer is higher than that of the m n-3 The refractive index of the n-2th film layer m n-2 The refractive index of the n-1th film layer m n-1 The refractive index condition is sufficient, and the n-10th film layer m n-10 The refractive index of the n-8th film layer m n-8 The refractive index of the n-6th film layer m n-6 The refractive index of the n-4th film layer m n-4 The refractive index of the n-2 film layer m n-2 The refractive index of the nth to 9th film layers m n-9 The refractive index of the n-7th film layer m n-7 The refractive index of the n-5th film layer m n-5 The refractive index of the n-3 film layer m n-3 The refractive index of the n-1th film layer m n-1 The refractive index can be different.

[0238] The thickness of the film layer is in the range of 50 to 190 nm, and the thickness of the film layer is not limited to this range.

[0239] The above-mentioned reflective microstructure 3010 is made of a transparent material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is greater than 1, that is, the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 is greater than 1.

[0240] In this embodiment, the reflective layer 3013 is connected to the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 by coating. The layers of the reflective layer 3013 are stacked and connected by bonding, evaporation, electroplating, sputtering or deposition.

[0241] In this embodiment, the reflective layer 3013 is formed by stacking layers of films with different refractive indices, and the refractive indices of adjacent layers are arranged in a high-low pattern. The layers with high and low refractive indices can be made of the following materials:

[0242] The film layer with a high refractive index can be but is not limited to: strontium titanate film layer, chromium oxide film layer, copper oxide film layer, titanium dioxide (rutile type) film layer, titanium dioxide (anatase type) film layer, amorphous selenium film layer, zinc oxide film layer, gallium nitride film layer, iodine crystal film layer, amorphous silicon film layer, single crystal silicon film layer, titanium pentoxide film layer, zirconium dioxide film layer, tantalum pentoxide film layer, and niobium pentoxide film layer.

[0243] The film layer with a low refractive index may be, but is not limited to, a silicon dioxide film layer or a magnesium fluoride film layer.

[0244] Through the high refractive index film layer and the low refractive index film layer of this embodiment, a high reflectivity of the reflective layer to light can be achieved, thereby achieving a high reflectivity of the retroreflective element to light.

[0245] Example 27

[0246] In a head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the refractive indexes of all adjacent film layers in the reflective layer 3010 are distributed in high and low order, that is, the refractive index of the first film layer m1 is higher than the refractive index of the second film layer m2, the refractive index of the third film layer m3 is higher than the refractive index of the fourth film layer m4, the refractive index of the fifth film layer m5 is higher than the refractive index of the sixth film layer m6, and so on. n-1 The refractive index of the nth film layer m n The refractive index.

[0247] The refractive indices of all adjacent layers in the reflective layer 3013 are distributed in a high-low pattern. In this embodiment, the reflective layer 3013 comprises two refractive indices, one of which is higher than the other. Specifically, the refractive indices of the first layer m1, the third layer m3, the fifth layer m5, etc. are all the same, while the refractive indices of the second layer m2, the fourth layer m4, the sixth layer m6, etc. are all the same, with the refractive index of the first layer m1 being higher than that of the second layer m2. In other words, the reflective layer 3013 is composed of two layers of different refractive indices stacked repeatedly in the order of high and low refractive indices. The reflective layer 3013 in this embodiment has a very high reflectivity for light, and thus the reflective element 301 also has a very high reflectivity for light.

[0248] The number of layers of the above-mentioned film layer is not less than 2 layers. Correspondingly, if the number of film layers is more, the reflectivity of the reflective layer 3013 will be higher, and thus the reflectivity of the retroreflective element will be higher, so that the reflectivity of the retroreflective element to light will be higher.

[0249] Example 28

[0250] In a head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the reflective layer 3013 provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 can be a metal reflective layer. The metal reflective layer has a high light reflection efficiency. The metal reflective layer can be an aluminum metal reflective layer, a silver metal reflective layer, or other metal reflective layer. The metal reflective layer can be connected to the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 by, but not limited to, plating.

[0251] Example 29

[0252] In a head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, the refractive index of the reflective layer 3013 provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 can be designed to be lower than the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 itself and the lower value is not less than 0.15. The refractive index of the reflective layer 3013 is lower than the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 itself and the lower value is not less than 0.15. The reflective microstructure 3010 is made of a transparent material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is greater than 1. The refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 is greater than 1, so that the reflective layer 3013 has a higher efficiency in reflecting light back to the reflective element 301.

[0253] In this embodiment, since the refractive index of the reflective layer 3013 is lower than the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010, when light is incident from one side of the reflective microstructure 3010, it is emitted from the optically dense medium to the optically sparse medium, and part of the light incident thereon can also be totally reflected, further improving the reflection efficiency.

[0254] Specifically, the reflective microstructure itself is made of a transparent material, which can be a polymer transparent material, glass or other material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is greater than 1; accordingly, the reflective layer 3013 provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure can be made of the materials listed in Table 1, as long as the refractive index is lower than the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 itself and the lower value is not less than 0.15, the reflective layer material provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure can be but is not limited to the materials listed in Table 2.

[0255] Table 2

[0256]

[0257]

[0258] Example 30

[0259] This embodiment of a head-up display device, based on the above-described embodiments of the present invention, includes a filler 3013 between the reflective microstructure 3010 and the substrate 3011. This filler 3013 provides support and protection, preventing the retroreflective element from being crushed and damaged. The filler 3013 is made of a transparent medium. Specifically, the filler 3013 can be made of a rubber filler, a plastic filler, a polymer filler, or other materials.

[0260] Example 31

[0261] In a head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, when the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retroreflective element 301 adopts a spatial structure composed of three surfaces that are perpendicular to each other in pairs and the spatial structure is a solid structure made of transparent material, the reflective microstructure 3010 can be, but is not limited to, a spatial structure composed of three surfaces that are perpendicular to each other in pairs, wherein all three surfaces are reflective surfaces, and the spatial structure composed of three surfaces that are perpendicular to each other in pairs is a solid structure made of transparent material.

[0262] The spatial structure formed by three mutually perpendicular faces may include but is not limited to a triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle cross section, a triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross section, or a cubic structure with a rectangular cross section.

[0263] The triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle cross section is referenced Figure 12 , Figure 12 When the incident light hits the retroreflective element, the incident light is refracted into the triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle cross section, and is reflected three times on the internal reflection surface of the triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle cross section, and then refracted out of the triangular pyramid structure, and the refracted light is in the opposite direction of the incident light.

[0264] The triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross section is referenced Figure 23 , Figure 23 When the incident light hits the retroreflective element, the incident light is refracted into the triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross section, and is reflected three times on the internal reflection surface of the triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle cross section, and then refracted out of the triangular pyramid structure, and the refracted light is in the opposite direction of the incident light.

[0265] The cube structure with a rectangular cross section is referenced Figure 15 , Figure 15 When the incident light hits the retroreflective element, the incident light is refracted into the cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section, reflected three times on the internal reflection surface of the cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section, and then refracted out of the cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section, and the refracted light is in the opposite direction of the incident light.

[0266] Example 32

[0267] In a head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, when the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retroreflective element 301 is a spherical microstructure and the spherical microstructure is a solid structure made of transparent material, the spherical microstructure itself has a reflective layer, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer can be as high as 95%. Figure 16When light is incident on the retroreflective element, the light is refracted at point P on the spherical microstructure and enters the spherical microstructure, and is reflected at point O inside the spherical microstructure. The reflected light reaches point Q on the spherical microstructure and is refracted again. The refracted light is in the opposite direction of the incident light.

[0268] Example 33

[0269] In a head-up display device of this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, in actual application, the retroreflective element is provided on the external support element component, specifically the filler is provided on the external support element 3014, such as Figure 37 As shown, when light is incident on the retroreflective element, it is reflected back. It should be understood that because the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructures 3010 distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011 have a refractive index greater than 1, the light should be refracted into and out of the substrate 3011 with the reflective microstructures. For ease of illustration, the refraction process is not shown in the figure. Only the process of light being reflected once or multiple times on the reflective microstructures 3010 and reflected light being emitted in the opposite direction of the incident light is shown schematically.

[0270] Example 34

[0271] This embodiment provides a motor vehicle, including the head-up display device described in any of the above embodiments. The motor vehicle provided in this embodiment utilizes the head-up display device, allowing the driver to directly view a richer range of information, such as navigation maps, complex safety information, and other large-scale images, without having to look down at the instrument panel while driving. This effectively meets the driver's need to access a variety of information while driving.

[0272] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A head-up display device, characterized in that: It includes an image source, a transflective device and a light control device, wherein: An image source, the image source emitting light for forming an image; a transflective device that reflects light incident thereon and allows the light to be transmitted therethrough; A light control device, comprising a retroreflective element and a diffusion element; the retroreflective element reflects light incident thereon in a direction opposite to the incident direction; the diffusion element diffuses the light incident thereon; The image source first emits light for forming an image, and the light is incident on the transflective device. The transflective device reflects the incident light once, and the reflected light is incident on the light control device. The light first passes through the diffuser element and then is emitted to the retroreflective element. The retroreflective element emits the incident light in a direction opposite to the incident direction. The emitted light passes through the diffuser element, and the diffuser element diffuses the incident light. The diffused light is incident on the transflective device, and the transflective device reflects the incident light a second time to form a virtual image, wherein the light reflected a second time by the transflective device reaches a predetermined area, and the predetermined area includes an eye box area.

2. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein: The diffusion element is a device that diffuses incident light to form a light beam of a specific shape.

3. The head-up display device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diffusion element diffuses the incident light to form one or more light beams with specific shapes.

4. The head-up display device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the light beam includes at least one of a linear shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a square shape, and a rectangular shape.

5. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein: The retroreflective element includes a substrate and a plurality of microstructures distributed on the surface of the substrate.

6. The head-up display device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A reflective layer is provided between the substrate and the microstructure.

7. The head-up display device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50% to 95%.

8. The head-up display device according to claim 6, wherein: The microstructure is a spatial structure composed of three surfaces that are perpendicular to each other, and the three surfaces are all reflective surfaces.

9. The head-up display device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The spatial structure adopts a hollow concave structure or a solid structure made of transparent material.

10. The head-up display device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The microstructure is a triangular pyramid structure composed of three triangles that are perpendicular to each other, or a cubic structure composed of three rectangles that are perpendicular to each other.

11. The head-up display device according to claim 10, characterized in that: At least one of the reflecting surfaces is provided with a reflecting layer, and the reflectivity of the reflecting layer is 50% to 95%.

12. The head-up display device according to claim 6, wherein: The microstructure adopts a spherical structure.

13. The head-up display device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The spherical structure is a solid structure made of transparent material.

14. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein: The surface of the transflective device is a free-form surface or a plane.

15. The head-up display device according to claim 1, wherein: The image source adopts a projection device, the transflective device adopts a windshield of a vehicle, the projection device emits light to the windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is arranged below the windshield of the vehicle.

16. The head-up display device according to claim 15, characterized in that: The projection device includes a lens portion.

17. A motor vehicle comprising the head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

Images