A dipole antenna
By introducing transmission line transformer and enameled wire winding structure into the dipole antenna, impedance transformation and imbalance and balance conversion functions are realized, which solves the problem that dipole antennas in the prior art are difficult to take into account both miniaturization and state conversion while increasing the frequency bandwidth and gain, and improves antenna performance and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202010927476.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2020-09-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2040-09-07
AI Technical Summary
While improving frequency bandwidth and gain, existing dipole antennas are difficult to take into account the functions of miniaturization and the conversion of imbalance and equilibrium states, especially in low frequency bands, which are large in size and difficult to achieve.
By introducing a transmission line transformer into the dipole antenna, the first radiator and the second radiator of the antenna oscillator are connected together, and the coil is spirally wound on the plastic rod through enameled wire to form a coil, thereby realizing impedance transformation and imbalance and equilibrium conversion functions.
Without increasing the dipole antenna size, the frequency bandwidth of the antenna is increased, the power is enhanced, and the conversion function of imbalance and equilibrium states is provided, which reduces energy loss and improves antenna performance.
Smart Images
Figure CN112072290B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a dipole antenna. Background Art
[0002] The dipole antenna is composed of two conductor oscillators of equal length and thickness. Each conductor is also called an oscillator, and its length is 1 / 4 wavelength, that is, the total length of the dipole antenna is half wavelength, so the dipole antenna is also called a half-wave symmetrical oscillator. The oscillator of the dipole antenna can be in a horizontal position or a vertical position. Its radiation pattern is symmetrical with the feeding point. Among them, the feeding point is at the center of the dipole antenna. With the development of ultra-short wave communication, higher design requirements are put forward for antennas. In order to take into account more radio stations, the frequency bandwidth of the antenna needs to be wider and wider. Under the condition of ensuring the gain of the antenna, the size requirements are getting smaller and smaller.
[0003] In the prior art, when a monopole antenna is used, the monopole antenna needs a ground grid as a mirror reflector, and when the gain requirement is high, an array is often used, which will result in a relatively narrow frequency bandwidth. It is not applicable when the gain requirement is high and the frequency bandwidth is wide. When a dipole antenna is used, a coaxial line is currently used for feeding, and the antenna vibrator is thickened by self-resonance. The bandwidth of the dipole antenna is widened by LC matching or by adding a sleeve structure to the dipole antenna. However, the above method is difficult to implement in engineering due to its large size in the low frequency band. Moreover, it does not have the ability to transform from an unbalanced state to a balanced state, so it is necessary to suppress the magnetic field excited by the current leaking from the outer skin of the coaxial line and its influence on the antenna itself.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution that enables the dipole antenna to have a wide bandwidth, a small size, a high power and an unbalanced and balanced conversion function without changing the performance of the dipole antenna. Summary of the invention
[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a dipole antenna, which is used to improve the bandwidth and power of the dipole antenna while ensuring the diameter of the antenna, so that the dipole antenna has the function of unbalanced and balanced conversion.
[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a dipole antenna, comprising: a transmission line transformer and an antenna element, wherein the antenna element comprises a first radiator and a second radiator;
[0007] The transmission line transformer comprises a first joint, a second joint and a third joint; the first joint is electrically connected to the feeding point of the antenna element; the first joint is obtained by electrically connecting a first enameled wire and a second enameled wire wound on a plastic rod; and is used for impedance transformation;
[0008] The second connector is electrically connected to the first radiator of the antenna element;
[0009] The third connector is electrically connected to the second radiator of the antenna element.
[0010] In the above technical solution, the first radiator and the second radiator of the antenna vibrator are connected together through a transmission line transformer, and the impedance of the antenna vibrator is matched with the impedance of the feeding system through the transmission line transformer. At the same time, the unbalanced and balanced conversion function of the transmission line transformer avoids the current on the outer skin of the feeder line of the feeding system caused by the direct electrical connection between the feeder line of the feeding system and the antenna vibrator, prevents the current on the outer skin of the feeder line of the feeding system from radiating, and improves the antenna performance. In addition, the current leakage of the outer conductor of the feeder line of the feeding system is reduced, and the energy loss is reduced. And when the size of the dipole antenna is limited, the bandwidth of the dipole antenna is increased through the transmission line transformer. The bandwidth is not increased by increasing the size of the dipole antenna.
[0011] Optionally, the transmission line transformer further comprises a first enameled wire, a second enameled wire and a plastic rod;
[0012] The first enameled wire and a portion of the second enameled wire are wound side by side in a spiral shape on the plastic rod to form a coil of the transmission line transformer.
[0013] In the above technical solution, the coil of the transmission line transformer is formed by spirally winding the enameled wire on a plastic rod, and the number of turns of the coil and the spacing between the coils are determined by double-wire winding, thereby matching the bandwidth requirements of the antenna vibrator in different scenarios.
[0014] Optionally, the first end wire end of the first enameled wire is electrically connected to the second end wire end of the second enameled wire to obtain the first joint; or the second end wire end of the first enameled wire is electrically connected to the first end wire end of the second enameled wire to obtain the first joint; the first end wire end of the first enameled wire and the first end wire end of the second enameled wire are wire ends located at the same end of the coil.
[0015] In the above technical solution, two wire ends of enameled wires at different ends are connected into one wire end, and after the wire end is connected to a feeding point, the two enameled wires are fed to obtain a transmission line transformer.
[0016] Optionally, the first enameled wire and the second enameled wire have the same diameter; the diameter is 0.8-1.5 mm.
[0017] Optionally, the coil has 3-6 turns.
[0018] Optionally, the spacing between the coils is 0-2 mm.
[0019] Optionally, the plastic rod is made of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material.
[0020] Optionally, the diameter of the plastic rod is 3-6 mm.
[0021] Optionally, the second connector is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the first radiator of the antenna element.
[0022] Optionally, the third connector is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the second radiator of the antenna element. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a dipole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a dipole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the principle of a transmission line transformer provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0028] In the prior art, the method for matching the impedance of the antenna element of the dipole antenna with the impedance of the feeding system is as follows:
[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a dipole antenna is shown as an example. Figure 1As shown, the inner conductor of the coaxial line is extended upward by λ / 4 from the feeding point A and thickened to serve as the upper radiator B of the symmetrical oscillator. A λ / 4 choke sleeve C is welded downward on the outer conductor of the coaxial line from the feeding point A to serve as the lower radiator of the symmetrical oscillator. The λ / 4 long choke sleeve C and the outer conductor of the coaxial line together form a λ / 4 long-short line, which also serves as a balun to choke the current flowing to the outer conductor of the feeder line. However, the length of the choke sleeve in the above technical solution is λ / 4, which is only suitable for high-frequency working environments, and the antenna required for high-frequency working environments is a narrow-band antenna. In other words, Figure 1 The dipole antenna in the technical solution is a narrow-band antenna. If the bandwidth needs to be widened, the volume of the dipole antenna needs to be increased, resulting in an increase in the size of the dipole antenna. Therefore, the size of the dipole antenna cannot be limited on the basis of widening the bandwidth, and the antenna vibrator cannot have the unbalanced and balanced conversion function. In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a dipole antenna, which increases the bandwidth of the dipole antenna while limiting the size of the antenna vibrator, and enables the dipole antenna to have the unbalanced and balanced conversion function, thereby reducing energy loss. The specific technical solution is as follows:
[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a dipole antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily shown, such as Figure 2 As shown in Figure a, it includes: a transmission line transformer 201 and an antenna vibrator, wherein the antenna vibrator includes a first radiator 202 and a second radiator 203. It should be noted that, Figure 2 Figure b is Figure 2 FIG. a is an enlarged view of the transmission line transformer 201 shown in FIG.
[0031] Figure 2 As shown in Figure b, the transmission line transformer 201 includes a first connector 2011, a second connector 2012 and a third connector 2013. The first connector 2011 is electrically connected to the feeding point of the antenna element to feed the transmission line transformer. The second connector 2012 is electrically connected to the first radiator 202 of the antenna element. The third connector 2013 is electrically connected to the second radiator 203 of the antenna element.
[0032] Specifically, the second connector 2012 is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the first radiator 202 of the antenna element.
[0033] The third connector 2013 is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the second radiator 203 of the antenna element.
[0034] Furthermore, the first joint 2011 is obtained by electrically connecting the first enameled wire and the second enameled wire wound on the plastic rod.
[0035] It should be noted that the transmission line transformer 201 is used for impedance transformation. Through the transmission line transformer connected between the antenna elements, the dipole antenna has the function of unbalanced and balanced conversion, which prevents the current of the outer skin of the feeder line of the feeding system from radiating, reduces the energy loss caused by the antenna element when working, and improves the antenna performance. It should be noted that the feeder line of the feeding system is a coaxial line. The first connector 2011 of the transmission line transformer 201 is electrically connected to the feeding point of the antenna element through the coaxial line. Specifically, the outer conductor of the coaxial line is electrically connected to the second radiator 203 of the antenna element, and the inner conductor of the coaxial line is connected to the first connector 2011. At the same time, the transmission line transformer 201 is also used to match the impedance of the antenna element. So that the impedance of the antenna element matches the impedance of the feeding system. For example, the impedance of the feeding system is 50 ohms, and the impedance of the antenna element of the dipole antenna is 75 ohms. If the feeding system is directly electrically connected to the antenna element of the dipole antenna, the impedance of the feeder system does not match the impedance of the antenna element of the dipole antenna, resulting in energy loss. If the feeder system is electrically connected to the antenna element of the dipole antenna through a transmission line transformer, the impedance of the feeder system is matched with the impedance of the antenna element of the dipole antenna, so as to reduce signal reflection and improve the performance of the dipole antenna.
[0036] Furthermore, the transmission line transformer 201 further comprises a first enameled wire, a second enameled wire and a plastic rod. Figure 2 As can be seen from Figure b, the first enameled wire and a portion of the second enameled wire are arranged side by side (the figure shows them to be closely arranged side by side with no gap between the two enameled wires; in specific usage scenarios, the distance between the two enameled wires can be increased or decreased) and are spirally wound on a plastic rod to form a coil of a transmission line transformer.
[0037] Specifically, the first end of the first enameled wire is electrically connected to the second end of the second enameled wire to obtain the first joint 2011. Or the second end of the first enameled wire is electrically connected to the first end of the second enameled wire to obtain the first joint 2011. It should be noted that the first end of the first enameled wire and the first end of the second enameled wire are wire ends located at the same end of the coil.
[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention, when the first end wire end of the first enameled wire and the second end wire end of the second enameled wire are electrically connected to obtain the first joint 2011, either the second end wire end of the first enameled wire or the first end wire end of the second enameled wire can be the second joint, and similarly, can also be the third joint.
[0039] When the second end of the first enameled wire is electrically connected to the first end of the second enameled wire to obtain the first joint 2011, either the first end of the first enameled wire or the second end of the second enameled wire can be the second joint, and similarly, can also be the third joint.
[0040] In the embodiment of the present invention, two ends of enameled wires at different ends are connected into one end, thereby changing the four ends of two enameled wires on the transmission line transformer into three ends, and the first enameled wire is electrically connected to the second enameled wire through the first joint, thereby forming a transmission line transformer, and the impedance can be changed by adjusting the number of turns of the coil and the spacing between the coils, thereby reducing signal reflection and improving the performance of the dipole antenna. The transmission line transformer is used to increase the bandwidth of the dipole antenna while limiting the size of the antenna element of the dipole antenna.
[0041] Optionally, the first enameled wire and the second enameled wire have the same diameter, which is 0.8-1.5 mm.
[0042] Optionally, the number of turns of the coil is 3-6, and the spacing between the coils is 0-2 mm.
[0043] The plastic rod is made of ABS material and has a diameter of 3-6mm.
[0044] Combination Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a dipole antenna is shown in FIG. Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the principle of a transmission line transformer provided by the present invention is shown as an example. Figure 3 shown.
[0045] Rin is the input impedance of the transmission line transformer. RL is the load impedance. Impedance transformation is achieved by changing the relationship between the input impedance RIN and the load impedance RL. For example, the output voltage of the feeding system is Vs, and the currents of the two enameled wires are both I, but in opposite directions. The potential difference between the first joint 2011 and the second joint 2012 is equal to the potential difference between the first joint 2011 and the third joint 2013, both of which are V.
[0046] Because point A1 is grounded, the voltage Vi=V at the load Rin end, and because point B1 is connected to point C1, the potentials of point B1 and point C1 are equal. Moreover, the potential difference between point A1 and point C1 is equal to the potential difference between point B1 and point D1. Therefore, the voltage VL=2V, the current IL=I at the load RL end, and the current Ii=2I at the load Rin end. Therefore, the relationship between the input impedance RIN and the load impedance RL is: RIN=4RL. Then, impedance transformation is achieved. The antenna performance is improved through impedance transformation.
[0047] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A dipole antenna, characterized in that: include: A transmission line transformer and an antenna element, wherein the antenna element includes a first radiator and a second radiator; The transmission line transformer comprises a first joint, a second joint and a third joint; the first joint is electrically connected to the feeding point of the antenna element; the first joint is obtained by electrically connecting a first enameled wire and a second enameled wire wound on a plastic rod, and the transmission line transformer is used for impedance transformation; The second connector is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the first radiator of the antenna element; The third connector is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the second radiator of the antenna element.
2. The dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmission line transformer also includes a first enameled wire, a second enameled wire and a plastic rod; The first enameled wire and a portion of the second enameled wire are wound side by side in a spiral shape on the plastic rod to form a coil of the transmission line transformer.
3. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that The first end of the first enameled wire is electrically connected to the second end of the second enameled wire to obtain the first joint; or The second end of the first enameled wire and the first end of the second enameled wire are electrically connected to obtain the first joint; the first end of the first enameled wire and the first end of the second enameled wire are located at the same end of the coil.
4. The dipole antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first enameled wire and the second enameled wire have the same diameter; the diameter is 0.8-1.5 mm.
5. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of turns of the coil is 3-6.
6. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing between the coils is 0-2 mm.
7. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plastic rod is made of ABS material.
8. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the plastic rod is 3-6 mm.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Dipole antenna
CN212366201U