Power storage system

Abstract

The power storage system of the present invention includes a switching unit and a limiting unit, wherein the switching unit is arranged between the power storage unit and the wiring of the power storage device, and switches the electrical connection relationship between the wiring and the power storage unit, wherein the power storage device is configured to be connected in parallel with other power supply devices, and the wiring electrically connects the power storage device and the other power supply devices. The limiting unit is connected in parallel with the switching unit between the wiring and the power storage unit, and has a greater resistance than the switching unit, and allows current to pass in a direction from the power storage unit to the wiring, and suppresses current from passing in a direction from the wiring to the power storage unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a power storage system. Background Art

[0002] In a power storage system including a plurality of power storage modules, the power storage modules may be connected in parallel (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Patent Document 2 discloses a power storage system in which a power storage module can be hot-swapped.

[0003] [Background Technology Literature]

[0004] [Patent Document]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-98708

[0006] [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2017 / 086349 Summary of the invention

[0007] [Problems to be solved by the invention]

[0008] In most cases, a load device that receives power from a power storage system has a capacitive load configured in parallel with a resistive load. Therefore, when the power storage system and the load device are electrically connected while the capacitive load is being discharged, an inrush current (sometimes referred to as a starting current) may flow into the load device immediately after power is supplied to the load device, causing damage to the load device or the power storage system.

[0009] Open to the public

[0010] In a first aspect of the present invention, a power storage system is provided. The power storage system includes, for example, a switching unit, which is arranged between a power storage unit and a wiring of a power storage device, and switches the electrical connection relationship between the wiring and the power storage unit. The power storage device is configured to be connected in parallel with other power supply devices, and the wiring electrically connects the power storage device and the other power supply devices. The power storage system includes, for example, a limiting unit, which is connected in parallel with the switching unit between the wiring and the power storage unit, and has a greater resistance than the switching unit, so that current passes in a direction from the power storage unit to the wiring, and suppresses current from passing in a direction from the wiring to the power storage unit.

[0011] In the power storage system, the limiting unit may include a current limiting unit that limits the current amount of the current flowing through the limiting unit. In the power storage system, the limiting unit may include a current direction limiting unit that is connected in series with the current limiting unit so that the current passes in a direction from the power storage unit to the wiring and does not pass in a direction from the wiring to the power storage unit. In the power storage system, the current limiting unit may include at least one of a fixed resistor, a variable resistor, a constant current circuit, and a constant power circuit. In the power storage system, the limiting unit may include a connecting unit that is connected in series with the current limiting unit and the current direction limiting unit so as to electrically connect the current limiting unit, the current direction limiting unit, the power storage unit, and the wiring.

[0012] The power storage system may include a switching control unit that controls the switching unit. The power storage system may include a limiting control unit that controls the limiting unit. In the power storage system, the switching control unit may control the switching unit in the following manner: (i) when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit satisfies a predetermined condition, the switching unit electrically connects the wiring and the power storage unit; (ii) when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit does not satisfy a predetermined condition, the switching unit electrically disconnects the wiring and the power storage unit. In the power storage system, the limiting control unit may control the connecting unit in the following manner: when the switching unit electrically disconnects the wiring and the power storage unit, the connecting unit electrically connects the current amount limiting unit, the current direction limiting unit, the power storage unit, and the wiring. In the power storage system, the limiting control unit may control the connecting unit in the following manner: after the switching unit electrically connects the wiring and the power storage unit, the connecting unit electrically disconnects the current amount limiting unit, the current direction limiting unit, the power storage unit, and the wiring.

[0013] The power storage system may include a limiting control unit that controls the limiting unit. In the power storage system, the limiting control unit may control the connection unit in such a manner that the connection unit electrically connects the current amount limiting unit, the current direction limiting unit, the power storage unit, and the wiring when the power storage system is physically or electrically connected to a load device outside the power storage system, or before the power storage system is electrically connected to a load device outside the power storage system. The power storage system may include a switching control unit that controls the switching unit. In the power storage system, the switching control unit may control the switching unit in such a manner that the switching unit electrically disconnects the wiring and the power storage unit before the power storage system is electrically connected to a load device outside the power storage system.

[0014] In the power storage system, the restriction unit may be detachably arranged with respect to one end and the other end of the switch unit. In the power storage system, the power storage device may include the switch unit and the restriction unit. In the power storage system, the power storage device may be detachably arranged with respect to the wiring.

[0015] In addition, the above summary of the invention does not list all the essential features of the present invention. In addition, sub-combinations of these feature groups can also constitute inventions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 An example of the system configuration of the power storage system 100 is schematically shown.

[0017] Figure 2 An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 110 is schematically shown.

[0018] Figure 3 An example of the system configuration of the module control unit 240 is schematically shown.

[0019] Figure 4 An example of the system configuration of the system control unit 140 is schematically shown.

[0020] Figure 5 An example of the circuit configuration of the power storage module 110 is schematically shown.

[0021] Figure 6 An example of the system configuration of the switching unit 630 is schematically shown.

[0022] Figure 7 An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 710 is schematically shown.

[0023] Figure 8 An example of the system configuration of the switching unit 730 is schematically shown.

[0024] Fig. 9 An example of the system configuration of the power storage system 900 is schematically shown.

[0025] Fig.10 An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 1010 is schematically shown.

[0026] Fig.11 An example of the system configuration of the module control unit 1040 is schematically shown.

[0027] Fig.12 An example of the circuit configuration of the module control unit 1040 is schematically shown.

[0028] Fig.13 An example of the circuit configuration of the module control unit 1040 is schematically shown.

[0029] Fig.14 An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 1410 is schematically shown.

[0030] Fig.15 An example of a system configuration schematically shows the circuit configuration of the voltage adjustment unit 1430 .

[0031] Fig.16An example of the voltage adjustment unit 1430 is schematically shown.

[0032] Fig.17 An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 1710 is schematically shown.

[0033] Fig.18 An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 1810 is schematically shown.

[0034] Fig.19 An example of the internal structure of the pre-charging unit 1820 is schematically shown.

[0035] Fig. 20 An example of the circuit configuration of the precharge unit 1820 is schematically shown.

[0036] Fig.21 An example of the circuit configuration of the precharge unit 1820 is schematically shown.

[0037] Fig. 22 An example of the circuit configuration of the precharge unit 1820 is schematically shown.

[0038] Fig.23 An example of the circuit configuration of the precharge unit 1820 is schematically shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is described below by way of embodiments of the invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the invention involved in the claims. The combination of features described in the embodiments may not all be necessary for the solution of the invention. In addition, the embodiments are described with reference to the drawings, but in the description of the drawings, the same reference numbers are sometimes marked on the same or similar parts and repeated descriptions are omitted.

[0040] Figure 1 An example of the system configuration of the power storage system 100 is schematically shown. In one embodiment, the power storage system 100 is electrically connected to the load device 12, and supplies power to the load device 12 (sometimes referred to as discharging the power storage system 100). In another embodiment, the power storage system 100 is electrically connected to the charging device 14, and stores electric energy (sometimes referred to as charging the power storage system). The power storage system 100 can be used, for example, in a power storage device, an electric machine, a transportation device, etc. Examples of the transportation device include electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric motorcycles, railway vehicles, airplanes, elevators, cranes, etc.

[0041] In the present embodiment, the power storage system 100 includes: a connection terminal 102; a connection terminal 104; a wiring 106 electrically connecting the connection terminal 102 and the connection terminal 104; a power storage module 110 having a positive terminal 112 and a negative terminal 114; a power storage module 120 having a positive terminal 122 and a negative terminal 124; and a system control unit 140. The power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 may also be an example of a power storage device configured to be connected in parallel. For example, the power storage module 110 may also be an example of a power storage device, and the power storage module 120 may also be an example of another power storage device. The power storage device may also be an example of a power supply device. The system control unit 140 may also be an example of a battery characteristic acquisition unit. The system control unit 140 may also be an example of an output unit.

[0042] The power storage system 100 is electrically connected to the load device 12 or the charging device 14 via the connection terminal 102 and the connection terminal 104. In the present embodiment, the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 are connected in parallel using the wiring 106. In addition, the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 are respectively detachably held in the frame of the power storage system 100. Thus, each of the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 can be replaced individually.

[0043] In the present embodiment, the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 can switch the connection relationship between the power storage unit of each power storage module and the wiring 106 based on the control signal from the system control unit 140 or the operation of the user. For example, the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 can electrically connect the power storage unit of each power storage module to the wiring 106, or electrically disconnect the power storage unit of each power storage module from the wiring 106 based on the control signal from the system control unit 140 or the operation of the user.

[0044] Thus, even when the voltage of a new storage module installed in the storage system 100 is different from the voltage of a storage module already installed in the storage system 100, each of the plurality of storage modules included in the storage system 100 can be replaced individually without worrying about damage or degradation of the storage module. The reason for this is, for example, as follows.

[0045] As the performance of lithium-ion batteries has improved in recent years, the impedance of lithium-ion batteries has become as low as about 10mΩ. Therefore, for example, even if the voltage difference between two storage modules is only 0.4V, when the two storage modules are connected in parallel, a large current of 40A will flow from the storage module with a larger voltage to the storage module with a smaller voltage. As a result, the storage module will deteriorate or break. In addition, the voltage of the storage module can be the voltage between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the storage module (sometimes referred to as the terminal voltage of the storage module).

[0046] In order to prevent the degradation or damage of the storage module accompanying the replacement operation of the storage module, when replacing one of the multiple storage modules connected in parallel individually, it is considered to take time to adjust the voltage of the two before implementing the replacement operation of the storage module until the voltage difference between the newly installed storage module and the installed storage module becomes extremely small. By making the voltage difference between the newly installed storage module and the installed storage module extremely small, it is possible to prevent a large current from flowing to each storage module when replacing the storage module. As a result, the degradation or damage of the storage module can be suppressed. However, as the impedance of the lithium-ion battery becomes smaller, the allowable value of the voltage difference between the newly installed storage module and the installed storage module may also become smaller, and the time required to adjust the voltage difference may become very long.

[0047] In view of the above situation, according to the power storage system 100 of the present embodiment, the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 can switch the connection relationship between the power storage unit of each power storage module and the wiring 106 based on the control signal from the system control unit 140 and the user's operation. In addition, the power storage module 110 can be replaced according to the following procedure, for example.

[0048] First, the user removes the old power storage module 110 from the power storage system 100. Then, before installing the new power storage module 110 in the power storage system 100, the user performs an operation to electrically disconnect the power storage unit of the new power storage module 110 from the wiring 106. For example, the user manually operates a switch component disposed between the positive terminal 112 of the power storage module 110 and the power storage unit to electrically disconnect the positive terminal 112 from the power storage unit.

[0049] Afterwards, the user installs the storage module 110 in the state where the positive terminal 112 is electrically disconnected from the storage unit to the storage system 100. At this time, since the positive terminal 112 is electrically disconnected from the storage unit, even if the voltage difference between the storage module 110 and the storage module 120 is relatively large, no current flows between the storage module 110 and the storage module 120. Afterwards, when the voltage difference between the storage module 110 and the storage module 120 reaches an appropriate value, the system control unit 140 performs an operation for electrically connecting the storage module 110 and the wiring 106. In addition, the details of the system control unit 140 will be described below.

[0050] As described above, according to the power storage system 100 of the present embodiment, when replacing or installing a power storage module, it is not necessary to strictly adjust the voltage of the power storage module newly installed in the power storage system 100 and the voltage of the power storage module already installed in the power storage system 100. Therefore, the power storage module can be replaced or installed easily and quickly.

[0051] The system control unit 140 controls each unit of the power storage system 100. In one embodiment, the system control unit 140 determines the state of the power storage system 100. Examples of the state of the power storage system 100 include a charging state, a discharging state, a standby state, and a stopped state.

[0052] For example, the system control unit 140 receives information about the charge and discharge events, and determines the state of the power storage system 100 based on the information about the charge and discharge events. Examples of the information about the charge and discharge events include: (i) a charge request or a discharge request from an external device such as the load device 12 or the charging device 14; (ii) information indicating that an external device is connected; (iii) information indicating the type of the external device; (iv) information indicating the operation of the external device; (v) information indicating the state of the external device; (vi) information indicating an instruction or operation of the external device by a user; (vii) information indicating an instruction or operation of the power storage system 100 by a user; and (viii) a combination thereof.

[0053] For example, the system control unit 140 determines that the power storage system 100 is in the discharge state when the connection of the load device 12 is detected or when the information indicating the type of the load device 12 is received. The system control unit 140 may also determine that the power storage system 100 is in the discharge state when a signal indicating the use of power is received from the load device 12. As the signal indicating the use of power, there can be exemplified: a signal indicating that the power of the load device 12 is turned on (ON); a signal indicating that the power of the load device 12 is turned on; a signal indicating that the load device 12 is shifted to the operation mode; and a signal indicating that the load device 12 has shifted to the operation mode.

[0054] The system control unit 140 may determine that the power storage system 100 is in the charging state when the connection of the charging device 14 is detected or when a signal indicating the type of the charging device 14 is received. The system control unit 140 may also determine that the power storage system 100 is in the charging state when a signal indicating the start of charging is received from the charging device 14. The system control unit 140 may determine that the power storage system 100 is in the charging state when a signal indicating that a regenerative current is generated or may be generated is received from the load device 12.

[0055] In another embodiment, the system control unit 140 monitors the states of the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120. The system control unit 140 may collect information on the battery characteristics of the power storage units included in the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120. The information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit may be at least one selected from the voltage value of the power storage unit, the current value flowing through the power storage unit, the battery capacity of the power storage unit, the temperature of the power storage unit, the degradation state of the power storage unit, and the SOC (state of charge) of the power storage unit.

[0056] The information on the battery characteristics of the storage unit (sometimes referred to as the battery characteristics of the storage module; the battery characteristics of the storage unit may be the battery characteristics of a single battery among the multiple batteries constituting the storage module, or may be the battery characteristics of the combination of the multiple batteries) may also include at least one of the information on the specifications of the storage unit and the information on the degradation state of the storage unit. As the information on the specifications of the storage unit, there may be exemplified information on the type or type of the storage unit, the connection state of the storage unit, the type of charging method that can charge the storage unit, the type of charging method that cannot charge the storage unit, the rated battery capacity (sometimes referred to as the rated capacity), the rated voltage, the rated current, the energy density, the maximum charge and discharge current, the charging characteristics, the charging temperature characteristics, the discharge characteristics, the discharge temperature characteristics, the self-discharge characteristics, the charge and discharge cycle characteristics, the equivalent series resistance in the initial state, the battery capacity in the initial state, the SOC [%] in the initial state, the storage voltage [V], etc. As the charging method, there may be exemplified information on the CCCV (constant current constant voltage) method, the CC (constant current) method, the trickle charge method, etc.

[0057] As examples of the connection state of the power storage unit, the type of unit cells constituting the power storage unit, the number of the unit cells, the connection form of the unit cells, etc. can be exemplified. As examples of the connection form of the unit cells, the number of unit cells connected in series, the number of unit cells connected in parallel, etc. can be exemplified. The energy density can be the volume energy density [Wh / m 3 ], or it can be the weight energy density [Wh / kg].

[0058] As information on the degradation state of the storage unit, information on the storage unit at any time point can be exemplified, and information on (i) battery capacity in a fully charged state, (ii) SOC under predetermined temperature conditions, (iii) SOH (State Of Health), (iv) equivalent series resistance (DCR (Direct Current Resistance), sometimes also referred to as internal resistance), (v) accumulated usage time, number of charges, charge amount, discharge amount, number of charge and discharge cycles, temperature stress factor, and at least one of overcurrent stress factor from an initial state or a predetermined time point can be exemplified. Information on the battery characteristics of the storage unit can also be stored by establishing a correspondence between information on the degradation state of the storage unit and information on the time when the information was obtained. Information on the battery characteristics of the storage unit can also store information on the degradation state of the storage unit at multiple times.

[0059] SOH [%] can be expressed, for example, as the fully charged capacity at the time of degradation (e.g., the current fully charged capacity) [Ah] ÷ the initial fully charged capacity [Ah] × 100. The calculation method or estimation method of SOH is not particularly limited. For example, the SOH of the storage unit is calculated or estimated based on at least one of the DC resistance value and the no-load voltage value of the storage unit. SOH can also be a value converted to a value under a predetermined temperature condition using an arbitrary conversion formula.

[0060] The method for determining the degradation state of the storage unit is not particularly limited, and currently known or future determination methods can be used. Generally speaking, as the storage unit continues to deteriorate, the available battery capacity decreases and the equivalent series resistance increases. Therefore, for example, the degradation state of the battery can be determined by comparing the current battery capacity, SOC or equivalent series resistance with the battery capacity, SOC or equivalent series resistance in the initial state.

[0061] SOC [%] is expressed, for example, as remaining capacity [Ah] ÷ fully charged capacity [Ah] × 100. The method for calculating or estimating SOC is not particularly limited, and SOC may be calculated or estimated based on at least one of (i) the measurement result of the voltage of the storage unit, (ii) IV characteristic data of the voltage of the storage unit, and (iii) the cumulative value of the current value of the storage unit. SOC may also be a value converted into a value under a predetermined temperature condition using an arbitrary conversion formula or the like.

[0062] The information about the battery characteristics of the power storage unit may also be information about at least one of the charging time and the discharging time of the power storage unit. The charging time and the discharging time of the power storage unit may also be the charging time and the discharging time of the power storage module including the power storage unit, respectively. Generally speaking, as the power storage unit continues to deteriorate, the available battery capacity will decrease, and at least one of the charging time and the discharging time will become shorter.

[0063] The information on the charging time of the power storage unit may also include information indicating the ratio of the charging time of the power storage unit to the charging time of the power storage system 100. The information on the charging time of the power storage unit may also include information indicating the charging time of the power storage system 100 and information indicating the charging time of the power storage unit. The charging time may be (i) the time during which a current or voltage is applied to the power storage system 100 or the power storage unit in one charging operation, or (ii) the total time during which a current or voltage is applied to the power storage system 100 or the power storage unit in one or more charging operations within a predetermined period.

[0064] The information on the charging time of the power storage unit may also include information indicating the ratio of the number of times the power storage unit is charged during the period to the number of times the power storage system 100 is charged during the predetermined period. The information on the charging time of the power storage unit may also include information indicating the number of times the power storage system 100 is charged during the predetermined period, and information indicating the number of times the power storage unit is charged during the period.

[0065] The information on the discharge time of the power storage unit may also include information indicating the ratio of the discharge time of the power storage unit to the discharge time of the power storage system 100. The information on the discharge time of the power storage unit may also include the discharge time of the power storage system 100 and the discharge time of the power storage unit. The discharge time may be (i) the time during which the power storage system 100 or the power storage unit supplies current or voltage in one discharge operation, or (ii) the total time during which the power storage system 100 or the power storage unit supplies current or voltage in one or more discharge operations within a predetermined period.

[0066] The information on the discharge time of the power storage unit may include information on the ratio of the number of discharges of the power storage unit in the period to the number of discharges of the power storage system 100 in the predetermined period. The information on the discharge time of the power storage unit may include the number of discharges of the power storage system 100 in the predetermined period and the number of discharges of the power storage unit in the period.

[0067] The system control unit 140 may transmit at least one of information on the battery characteristics of the storage unit included in the storage module 110 and information on the battery characteristics of the storage unit included in the storage module 120 to an external device. Thus, the external device can use the information on the battery characteristics of the storage unit. Examples of the external device include the load device 12 and the charging device 14. The external device may also be an output device that outputs information to the user. Examples of the output device include a display device such as a display, or a sound output device such as a microphone. The output device may be an example of an output unit.

[0068] The system control unit 140 may determine the performance of the power storage module based on the information about the battery characteristics of the power storage module. The system control unit 140 may also output information indicating that the performance of the power storage module is insufficient when the battery characteristics of the power storage module do not satisfy a predetermined determination condition. The system control unit 140 may also determine the determination condition based on the purpose of the power storage system 100.

[0069] In this embodiment, the system control unit 140 collects at least one of the information on the battery characteristics of the storage unit included in the storage module 110 and the information on the battery characteristics of the storage unit included in the storage module 120, and transmits the collected information to an external device. However, the storage system 100 is not limited to this embodiment. In another embodiment, the storage module 110 and the storage module 120 may also collect the information on the battery characteristics of the storage unit included in each storage module, and transmit the collected information to an external device.

[0070] In the present embodiment, the system control unit 140 determines the order in which the storage units of the storage modules are electrically connected to the wiring 106 based on the voltages of the storage units of the storage modules. For example, when the operation of the storage system 100 is started, when the state of the storage system 100 starts from the charging state, the system control unit 140 electrically connects the storage units of the storage modules with the lower voltage to the wiring 106. On the other hand, when the operation of the storage system 100 is started, when the state of the storage system 100 starts from the discharging state, the system control unit 140 electrically connects the storage units of the storage modules with the higher voltage to the wiring 106. In addition, the system control unit 140 may determine the order in which the storage units of the storage modules are electrically connected to the wiring 106 based on the voltages between the terminals of the storage modules.

[0071] In one embodiment, the system control unit 140 may also send a signal for connecting the power storage unit to the wiring 106 to each power storage module in the determined order. In another embodiment, the system control unit 140 may also select a power storage module with the smallest voltage or SOC, or a power storage module with the largest voltage or SOC, and send a signal for connecting the power storage unit to the wiring 106 only to the selected power storage module.

[0072] The system control unit 140 may be implemented by hardware or software. In addition, it may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software. In one embodiment, the system control unit 140 may be implemented by an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a combination of an analog circuit and a digital circuit. In another embodiment, the system control unit 140 may be implemented by executing a program for controlling each part of the system control unit 140 in a general information processing device such as a data processing device having a CPU, ROM, RAM, a communication interface, etc.

[0073] The program installed in the computer to make the computer function as a part of the system control unit 140 of this embodiment may include a module that specifies the operation of each part of the system control unit 140. These programs or modules run on the CPU and make the computer function as each part of the system control unit 140.

[0074] The information processing described in these programs is read into the computer and functions as a specific means for the coordinated action of the software and the various hardware resources. The calculation or processing of information corresponding to the purpose of use of the computer in this embodiment is realized by these specific means, thereby constructing a unique device corresponding to the purpose of use. The program can be stored in a computer-readable medium or a storage device connected to a network.

[0075] In addition, the so-called "electrical connection" is not limited to the case where the specific element is directly connected to other elements. A third element may be interposed between the specific element and other elements. In addition, the specific element and other elements are not limited to the case of physical connection. For example, the input winding and the output winding of the transformer are not physically connected, but they are electrically connected. Furthermore, it includes not only the case where the specific element and other elements are actually electrically connected, but also the case where the specific element and other elements are electrically connected when the battery and the balance correction unit are electrically connected. In addition, the so-called "series connection" means that the specific element and other elements are electrically connected in series, and the so-called "parallel connection" means that the specific element and other elements are electrically connected in parallel.

[0076] In this embodiment, the case where the power storage system 100 includes two power storage modules connected in parallel is described. However, the power storage system 100 is not limited to this embodiment. In another embodiment, the power storage system 100 may include three or more power storage modules connected in parallel.

[0077] In the present embodiment, a case where a user performs an operation for electrically connecting the storage unit of the new storage module 110 and the wiring 106 before installing the storage module 110 in the storage system 100 is described. However, the installation method or replacement method of the storage module 110 is not limited to the present embodiment. In another embodiment, the user, for example, operates an input unit (not shown) of the storage system 100 to input an instruction for starting the replacement operation of the storage module 110. As the input unit, a keyboard, a pointing device, a touch panel, a microphone, a voice recognition system, a gesture input system, etc. can be exemplified.

[0078] When receiving an instruction to start the replacement operation of the storage module 110, the system control unit 140 may also perform an operation to electrically disconnect the storage unit and the wiring 106 of the storage module (the storage module 120 in the present embodiment) connected in parallel with the storage module 110. At this time, the system control unit 140 may also perform an operation to electrically disconnect the storage unit and the wiring 106 of the storage module 110. For example, the system control unit 140 sends a signal to the switch assembly arranged between the positive terminal of each storage module and the storage unit to disconnect the switch assembly.

[0079] When the system control unit 140 detects that the old power storage module 110 has been removed and a new power storage module 110 has been installed, the system control unit 140 obtains the voltage of the power storage unit of each power storage module. When the power storage unit of the new power storage module 110 and the wiring 106 are electrically connected, the system control unit 140 operates the power storage system 100 using only the power storage module 110, for example, until the voltage difference between the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 reaches an appropriate value. Then, when the voltage difference between the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 reaches an appropriate value, the system control unit 140 performs an operation for electrically connecting the power storage module 120 and the wiring 106.

[0080] On the other hand, when the storage unit of the new storage module 110 is not electrically connected to the wiring 106, the system control unit 140 determines the order in which the storage units of the storage modules are electrically connected to the wiring 106 based on the voltage of the storage units of the storage modules. Then, the system control unit 140 electrically connects the storage units of the storage modules to the wiring 106 in the determined order. In addition, when the storage unit of the new storage module 110 is electrically connected to the wiring 106, the system control unit 140 may first electrically disconnect the storage unit of the new storage module 110 and the wiring 106. Then, the order in which the storage units of the storage modules are electrically connected to the wiring 106 may be determined based on the voltage of the storage units of the storage modules, and the storage units of the storage modules may be electrically connected to the wiring 106 in the determined order.

[0081] [Application Example of Power Storage System 100]

[0082] As described above, according to the power storage system 100 of the present embodiment, at least one of the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 connected in parallel to the load device 12 or the charging device 14 can be installed or replaced at any time without paying attention to the voltage difference between the two power storage modules. Here, the voltage difference between the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 can be generated not only by the difference in the charging state or the discharging state of the two power storage modules, but also by the difference in the battery characteristics of the two power storage modules. The battery characteristics of the power storage module may also be the same as the battery characteristics of the power storage unit. The battery characteristics of the power storage module may also be at least one of the characteristics exemplified as the battery characteristics of the power storage unit.

[0083] Therefore, according to the power storage system 100 of the present embodiment, even when the battery characteristics of the power storage module 110 and the battery characteristics of the power storage module 120 are different, it is possible to prevent the power storage module 110 or the power storage module 120 from being deteriorated or damaged, and connect the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 in parallel to the load device 12 or the charging device 14. In addition, in the power storage system 100 of the present embodiment, the battery characteristics of the power storage module 110 and the battery characteristics of the power storage module 120 may be the same or different. In the case where the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 include secondary batteries, the battery characteristics of the secondary batteries constituting the power storage unit of the power storage module 110 and the battery characteristics of the secondary batteries constituting the power storage unit of the power storage module 120 may be the same or different.

[0084] In addition, a power supply system capable of connecting a plurality of power supply modules having different battery characteristics in parallel can be constructed by the same configuration as the power storage system 100. Thus, it is possible to suppress the degradation or damage of each power supply module, and to install or replace each power supply module at any time. In the case where the power supply system is a system electrically connected to an external charging device or load device via two terminals, it is particularly useful to adopt the same configuration as the power storage system 100.

[0085] The power supply module may be an example of a power supply device that supplies power to other devices. The power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 may be an example of a power supply module. The power storage system 100 may be an example of a power supply system configured in a manner that can connect a plurality of power supply devices in parallel. The power storage unit and the secondary battery may be an example of a power supply unit that is a power supply source of the power supply device.

[0086] The battery characteristics of the power supply device vary due to the main reasons such as (i) the degradation state of the power supply unit, (ii) the type of the power supply unit, and (iii) the balance state of capacity and SOC. According to one embodiment, a power supply system capable of connecting multiple power supply devices with different degradation states in parallel is provided. The details of the power supply system will be described below. According to the embodiment, for example, a power supply system can be constructed using a secondary product (sometimes also called a second-hand product, a reused product, etc.) of a power supply module.

[0087] According to another embodiment, a power supply system capable of connecting a plurality of power supply devices of different types in parallel is provided. Thus, compared with the case where a power supply system is constructed by combining a single type of power supply device, a power supply system having at least one excellent life, reliability, charging performance, discharging performance, energy efficiency, temperature characteristics and economy can be constructed. Details of the power supply system will be described below.

[0088] In the power storage system 100 of the present embodiment, the case where the multiple power supply modules constituting the power storage system 100 are the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120 is described. However, the multiple power supply modules constituting the power storage system 100 are not limited to the present embodiment. In another embodiment, at least one of the multiple power supply modules may include a primary battery and may also include a fuel cell. In another embodiment, at least one of the multiple power supply modules may also include a primary battery or a fuel cell, and at least one of the multiple power supply modules may also include a secondary battery. The power storage unit, the primary battery, and the fuel cell may also be an example of a power supply unit.

[0089] In these cases, the power supply module including the primary battery or the fuel cell can switch the connection relationship between the primary battery or the fuel cell of the power supply module and the wiring 106 based on the control signal from the system control unit 140 or the operation of the user through the same configuration as the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120. For example, when the power supply module receives a signal indicating that a discharge action is detected from the system control unit 140, the primary battery or the fuel cell of the power supply module is electrically connected to the wiring 106. On the other hand, when the power supply module receives a signal indicating that a charging action is detected from the system control unit 140, the electrical connection between the primary battery or the fuel cell of the power supply module and the wiring 106 is cut off. In this way, damage or degradation of the primary battery or the fuel cell can be prevented.

[0090] [First Application Example of Power Storage System 100]

[0091] In one embodiment, the power storage system 100 includes a plurality of power supply devices. The plurality of power supply devices may include two power supply devices having different degradation states of the power supply units. The plurality of power supply devices may be connected in parallel to the load device 12 or the charging device 14. The power storage system 100 may be electrically connected to the load device 12 or the charging device 14 via two terminals. At least one of the plurality of power supply devices may be detachably held in a frame of the power storage system 100. Thus, each power supply device may be replaced individually. The power storage system 100 may include at least one power storage module.

[0092] As power supply devices with different degradation states, power supply devices with different usage histories can be exemplified. For example, the power storage system 100 includes a power supply device that is a new product and a power supply device that is a secondary product. The power storage system 100 may also include a plurality of secondary products with different usage histories.

[0093] In recent years, the demand for storage batteries has been rapidly increasing in applications such as (i) power sources for electric vehicles, PHEVs (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles), (ii) output stabilization devices for renewable energy, (iii) power storage devices for smart grids, (iv) power storage devices for storing electricity during periods of low electricity costs, and (v) power storage devices for applications such as charging stations that require large currents temporarily. In addition, the number of storage batteries that are due for replacement is also increasing.

[0094] Here, the performance required of a battery varies depending on the application. Therefore, even if a battery used in a specific application deteriorates and cannot meet the performance required in that application, the battery can sometimes be reused. In addition, after improving the performance of the battery, there are cases where the life of the battery is longer than the life of the product after the battery is incorporated. In such a case, it is ideal to reuse the battery rather than discard it.

[0095] When reusing batteries, the deterioration state varies from battery to battery. Therefore, in the past, the battery characteristics of the battery were checked before being reused. In addition, batteries whose battery characteristics meet specific conditions are combined based on the inspection results, thereby constructing a power supply system. However, in order to check the battery characteristics, the battery must be discharged after being fully charged, which is troublesome and time-consuming.

[0096] In view of the above situation, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to easily construct a power storage system 100 in which a plurality of power supply devices having different degradation states are connected in parallel. In addition, it is also possible to individually install or remove each power supply device while operating the power storage system 100. Furthermore, before a reused power supply device is incorporated into the power storage system 100, at least a part of the inspection of the power supply device can be omitted.

[0097] According to the present embodiment, each power supply device can switch the connection relationship between the power supply unit of each power supply device and the wiring 106 based on the control signal from the system control unit 140 or the operation of the user. Thus, even if the battery characteristics of the power supply device to be reused are not checked in advance, the power storage system 100 can still be used safely. In addition, the battery characteristics of the power supply device can be studied while the power storage system 100 is being used. In addition, when the battery characteristics of the power supply device are insufficient, the power supply device can be easily replaced.

[0098] [Second Application Example of Power Storage System 100]

[0099] In other embodiments, the power storage system 100 includes a plurality of power supply devices. The plurality of power supply devices may include two power supply devices with different types of power supply units. The plurality of power supply devices may be connected in parallel to the load device 12 or the charging device 14. The power storage system 100 may be electrically connected to the load device 12 or the charging device 14 via two terminals. At least one of the plurality of power supply devices may be detachably held in the frame of the power storage system 100. Thus, each power supply device may be replaced individually. The power storage system 100 may include at least one power storage module.

[0100] As the type of power supply unit, primary batteries, secondary batteries, fuel cells, etc. can be exemplified. As the type of secondary battery, lithium batteries, lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries (lithium-sulfur battery), sodium sulfur batteries (sodium sulfur battery), lead batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries (nickel-cadmium battery), redox flow batteries (redox flow battery), metal air batteries, etc. can be exemplified. The type of lithium ion battery is not particularly limited. As the type of lithium ion battery, iron phosphate system, manganese (mangan) system, cobalt (cobalt) system, nickel system, ternary system, etc. can be exemplified.

[0101] When the types of power supply units included in the two power supply devices are different, the difference in the rated voltages of the two power supply devices may exceed a predetermined value. In addition, sometimes the difference in at least one of the charging characteristics and the discharging characteristics of the two power supply devices does not meet the predetermined conditions. In the past, power supply devices that meet specific conditions were found and combined together to construct a power supply system. Therefore, there was no idea of ​​connecting two power supply devices in parallel in the first place.

[0102] In view of the above situation, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to easily construct a power storage system 100 in which a plurality of power supply devices of different types are connected in parallel. In addition, it is also possible to individually attach or detach each power supply device while operating the power storage system 100. Furthermore, depending on the type of power supply unit included in the power supply device, it is possible to disconnect the electrical connection between the power supply unit and the load device 12 or the charging device 14 when the power storage system 100 is performing a charging operation.

[0103] According to the present embodiment, each power supply device can switch the connection relationship between the power supply unit of each power supply device and the wiring 106 based on a control signal from the system control unit 140 or an operation by a user. Thus, even when the difference in rated voltages of two power supply devices included in the power storage system 100 exceeds a predetermined value, or when the difference in at least one of the charging characteristics and the discharging characteristics of the two power supply devices does not satisfy a predetermined condition, the power storage system 100 can still be safely operated.

[0104] Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, compared with the case where a single type of power supply device is combined to construct a power supply system, it is possible to construct a power supply system that is superior in at least one of life, reliability, charging performance, discharging performance, energy efficiency, temperature characteristics, and economy. For example, by combining (i) a power supply module including a lead battery that operates in a relatively wide temperature range but has a relatively low energy efficiency in charge and discharge, and (ii) a power supply module including a lithium ion battery that has a relatively high energy efficiency in charge and discharge but has problems in operation in low and high temperature regions, it is possible to construct a power supply system that operates in a relatively wide temperature range and has a high energy efficiency.

[0105] Figure 2An example of a system configuration of the power storage module 110 is schematically shown. In the present embodiment, the power storage module 110 includes: a power storage unit 210 having a positive terminal 212 and a negative terminal 214; a switching unit 230; a module control unit 240; a protection unit 250; and a balance correction unit 260. In addition, in the present embodiment, the power storage unit 210 includes a storage battery 222 and a storage battery 224. The switching unit 230 may be an example of a switch component. The module control unit 240 may be an example of a control unit. The module control unit 240 may be an example of a control device. The module control unit 240 may be an example of a battery characteristic acquisition unit. The module control unit 240 may be an example of an output unit.

[0106] The impedance of the power storage unit 210 may be 1Ω or less, or 100mΩ or less. The impedance of the power storage unit 210 may be 10mΩ or less, or 1mΩ or less, or 0.8mΩ or less, or 0.5mΩ or less. The impedance of the power storage unit 210 may be 0.1mΩ or more. The impedance of the power storage unit 210 may be 0.1mΩ or more and 1Ω or less, or 0.1mΩ or more and 100mΩ or less, or 0.1mΩ or more and 10mΩ or less, or 0.1mΩ or more and 1mΩ or less.

[0107] According to the power storage system 100 of this embodiment, when replacing one of the plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel, the voltage of the power storage module newly added to the power storage system can be made inconsistent with the voltage of the remaining other power storage modules with high accuracy. Therefore, even when the impedance of the power storage unit 210 is small, the power storage module 110 can be easily and quickly replaced.

[0108] In this embodiment, the battery 222 and the battery 224 are connected in series. The battery 222 and the battery 224 may be secondary batteries or capacitors. At least one of the battery 222 and the battery 224 may be a lithium-ion battery. At least one of the battery 222 and the battery 224 may include a plurality of batteries further connected in series, in parallel, or in a matrix.

[0109] In the present embodiment, the positive terminal 212 of the power storage unit 210 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the positive terminal 112 of the power storage module 110 and the switching unit 230. On the other hand, the negative terminal 214 of the power storage unit 210 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the negative terminal 114 of the power storage module 110. However, the power storage module 110 is not limited to the present embodiment. In another embodiment, the negative terminal 214 of the power storage unit 210 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the negative terminal 114 of the power storage module 110 and the switching unit 230. On the other hand, the positive terminal 212 of the power storage unit 210 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the positive terminal 112 of the power storage module 110.

[0110] The switch unit 230 is disposed between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In the present embodiment, the switch unit 230 switches the connection state between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 based on the signal generated by the module control unit 240. Thus, the power storage unit 210 can be electrically connected to the wiring 106 or the power storage unit 210 can be electrically disconnected from the wiring 106. When the power storage module 110 is installed in the power storage system 100, the power storage module 110 can be installed in the power storage system 100 in a state where the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 are electrically disconnected by the switch unit 230. Thus, damage or degradation of the power storage module 110 can be prevented.

[0111] The switching unit 230 can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. The switching unit 230 can also be implemented by an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a combination of an analog circuit and a digital circuit. The switching unit 230 can have more than one component. The switching unit 230 can have more than one switch component. One or more switch components can be respectively arranged between the positive terminal 112 and the positive terminal 212, or between the negative terminal 114 and the negative terminal 214. As the switch component, a relay, a thyristor, a transistor, etc. can be exemplified. The thyristor can also be a bidirectional thyristor (sometimes called a bidirectional silicon-controlled rectifier (TRIAC)). The transistor can also be a semiconductor transistor. The semiconductor transistor can be a bipolar transistor or a field effect transistor. The field effect transistor can also be a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor).

[0112] The module control unit 240 controls the current flowing between the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 110 and the wiring 106. In the present embodiment, the module control unit 240 controls the switching unit 230 so that the switching unit 230 electrically connects the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 (in the present embodiment, the voltage between the positive terminal 112 and the positive terminal 212) satisfies a predetermined condition. The switching unit 230 can electrically connect the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 by electrically connecting the power storage unit 210 and the positive terminal 112.

[0113] On the other hand, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 does not satisfy the predetermined condition, the switching unit 230 is controlled so that the switching unit 230 electrically disconnects the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 or the positive terminal 112. The switching unit 230 can electrically disconnect the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 by electrically disconnecting the power storage unit 210 and the positive terminal 112.

[0114] The predetermined condition may be a condition that the absolute value of the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is within a predetermined range. The predetermined range may be less than 3V, less than 1V, less than 0.1V, less than 10mV, or less than 1mV. In addition, the predetermined range may be greater than 0.5mV, or greater than 1mV. The predetermined range may also be greater than 0.5mV and less than 3V. The predetermined range may be greater than 1mV and less than 3V, greater than 1mV and less than 1V, greater than 1mV and less than 0.1V, greater than 1mV and less than 10mV, greater than 10mV and less than 1V, greater than 10mV and less than 0.1V, or greater than 0.1V and less than 1V. In addition, the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 may be the voltage between the positive terminal 112 and the positive terminal 212, or the voltage between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210.

[0115] The predetermined range may also be set based on the impedance of the power storage unit 210. The predetermined range may be set based on the rated current or the allowable current of the power storage unit 210. The predetermined range may be set based on the impedance of the power storage unit 210, and the rated current or the allowable current of the power storage unit 210. The predetermined range may be set based on the rated current or the allowable current of the component with the smallest rated current or the allowable current among the components constituting the power storage module 110. The predetermined range may be set based on the impedance of the power storage module 110, and the rated current or the allowable current of the component with the smallest rated current or the allowable current among the components constituting the power storage module 110.

[0116] Thus, when replacing the storage module, the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210 of the newly installed storage module can be maintained in a state where they are electrically disconnected until the voltage difference between the newly installed storage module and the already installed storage module is within a predetermined range. In addition, when the voltage difference between the newly installed storage module and the already installed storage module is within a predetermined range due to charging or discharging of the already installed storage module, the storage unit of the newly installed storage module is electrically connected to the wiring 106. In this way, according to the present embodiment, the newly installed storage module and other storage modules can be automatically connected.

[0117] In the present embodiment, the module control unit 240 receives a signal indicating that the terminal voltage of the power storage module 110 is lower than the terminal voltages of other power storage modules from the system control unit 140. When the module control unit 240 receives the signal when the power storage system 100 shifts to the charging state, the switch unit 230 is controlled so that the switch unit 230 electrically connects the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106. In this way, the plurality of power storage modules 110 connected in parallel can be charged efficiently.

[0118] In the present embodiment, the module control unit 240 receives a signal indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the power storage module 110 is greater than the voltage between the terminals of the other power storage modules from the system control unit 140. When the module control unit 240 receives the signal when the power storage system 100 shifts to the discharge state, the switch unit 230 is controlled so that the switch unit 230 electrically connects the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106. In this way, the plurality of power storage modules 110 connected in parallel can be discharged efficiently.

[0119] In the present embodiment, the module control unit 240 receives a signal indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the storage battery 222 or the storage battery 224 is not within a predetermined range from the protection unit 250. When receiving the signal, the module control unit 240 controls the switching unit 230 so that the switching unit 230 electrically disconnects the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106. Thus, it is possible to suppress the degradation or damage of the power storage unit 210 caused by overcharging or overdischarging.

[0120] In this embodiment, the module control unit 240 receives an operation from a user and an instruction from the user to turn on or off the switch unit 230. When receiving the instruction from the user, the module control unit 240 controls the switch unit 230 according to the instruction.

[0121] In this embodiment, the module control unit 240 can obtain information about the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210. The module control unit 240 can output the information about the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 to an external device. Thus, the external device can use the information about the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210. Examples of the external device include the load device 12 and the charging device 14. The external device may also be an output device that outputs information to a user.

[0122] The module control unit 240 may be implemented by hardware or software. In addition, it may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software. In one embodiment, the module control unit 240 may be implemented by an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a combination of an analog circuit and a digital circuit. In another embodiment, the module control unit 240 may be implemented by executing a program for controlling the module control unit 240 in a general information processing device such as a data processing device having a CPU, ROM, RAM, a communication interface, etc.

[0123] The program installed in the computer to make the computer function as a part of the module control unit 240 of this embodiment may also include a module that limits the operation of each part of the module control unit 240. These programs or modules operate on the CPU, etc., and make the computer function as each part of the module control unit 240.

[0124] The information processing described in these programs is read into the computer and functions as a specific means for the coordinated action of the software and the various hardware resources. The calculation or processing of information corresponding to the purpose of use of the computer in this embodiment is realized by these specific means, thereby constructing a unique device corresponding to the purpose of use. The program can be stored in a computer-readable medium or a storage device connected to a network. The computer-readable medium can also be a non-temporary computer-readable medium.

[0125] The protection unit 250 protects the power storage unit 210. In the present embodiment, the protection unit 250 protects the power storage unit 210 from overcharging or overdischarging. When the protection unit 250 detects that the voltage between the terminals of the storage battery 222 or the storage battery 224 is not within a predetermined range, it sends a signal indicating this to the module control unit 240. The protection unit 250 can send information about the voltage between the terminals of the power storage unit 210 to the system control unit 140. The protection unit 250 can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. The protection unit 250 can also be implemented by an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a combination of an analog circuit and a digital circuit.

[0126] The balance correction unit 260 equalizes the voltages of the plurality of storage batteries. The operating principle of the balance correction unit 260 is not particularly limited, and any balance correction device can be used. When the storage unit 210 has three or more storage batteries, the storage module 110 may have a plurality of balance correction units 260. For example, when the storage unit 210 has n (n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) storage batteries, the storage module 110 has n-1 balance correction units 260.

[0127] The balance correction unit 260 can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. The balance correction unit 260 can also be implemented by an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a combination of an analog circuit and a digital circuit. In one embodiment, the balance correction unit 260 refers to an active balance correction device. The active balance correction unit can be a balance correction unit that moves charges between two batteries via an inductor as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-067742, or a balance correction unit that uses a capacitor to move charges as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-210109. In another embodiment, the balance correction unit 260 can also be a passive balance correction device. A passive balance correction device, for example, uses an external resistor to release excess charge.

[0128] In the present embodiment, the case where the power storage unit 210 has two storage batteries connected in series is described. However, the power storage unit 210 is not limited to the present embodiment. In another embodiment, the power storage unit 210 may also have three or more storage batteries connected in series. In addition, the power storage unit 210 may have a plurality of storage batteries connected in parallel, or may have a plurality of batteries connected in a matrix.

[0129] Figure 3 An example of the system configuration of the module control unit 240 is schematically shown. In the present embodiment, the module control unit 240 includes a determination unit 310, a receiving unit 320, and a signal generating unit 330. The module control unit 240 may also include a module information acquisition unit 340, a module information storage unit 350, and a module information sending unit 360. The receiving unit 320 may be an example of a first signal receiving unit, a second signal receiving unit, and a third signal receiving unit. The module information acquisition unit 340 may be an example of a battery characteristic acquisition unit. The module information sending unit 360 may be an example of an output unit.

[0130] In this embodiment, the module control unit 240 is described as including the module information acquisition unit 340, the module information storage unit 350, and the module information transmission unit 360. However, the power storage system 100 is not limited to this embodiment. In another embodiment, the system control unit 140 may also include at least one of the module information acquisition unit 340, the module information storage unit 350, and the module information transmission unit 360.

[0131] The determination unit 310 determines whether the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is within a predetermined range. The determination unit 310 sends a signal indicating the determination result to the signal generation unit 330. The determination unit 310 may also be any comparator or comparison circuit. The determination unit 310 may also be a window comparator.

[0132] The receiving unit 320 receives at least one of a signal from the system control unit 140 , a signal from the protection unit 250 , and an instruction from a user. The receiving unit 320 transmits a signal corresponding to the received information to the signal generating unit 330 .

[0133] The signal generator 330 receives a signal from at least one of the determiner 310 and the receiver 320. The signal generator 330 generates a signal for controlling the switch 230 based on the received signal. The signal generator 330 transmits the generated signal to the switch 230.

[0134] In one embodiment, the signal generating unit 330 generates a signal for turning on the switch element of the switching unit 230 when the determining unit 310 determines that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is within a predetermined range. In another embodiment, the signal generating unit 330 generates a signal for turning off the switch element of the switching unit 230 when the determining unit 310 determines that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is not within the predetermined range.

[0135] The signal generating unit 330 can generate or send a signal after the determining unit 310 determines whether the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is within a predetermined range and a predetermined time has passed. This can prevent malfunctions caused by noise, etc. In addition, it can prevent the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 from being electrically connected immediately after the power storage module 110 is installed in the power storage system 100.

[0136] In this embodiment, the signal generating unit 330 generates a signal for controlling the switch component of the switching unit 230 based on the signal received by the receiving unit 320. In one embodiment, when the receiving unit 320 receives a signal for turning on the switch component of the switching unit 230 from the system control unit 140, the signal generating unit 330 generates a signal for turning on the switch component of the switching unit 230.

[0137] In another embodiment, when the receiving unit 320 receives a signal for turning off the switch component of the switching unit 230 from the protection unit 250, the signal generating unit 330 generates a signal for turning off the switch component of the switching unit 230. In still another embodiment, when the receiving unit 320 has received an instruction from the user, the signal generating unit 330 generates a signal for causing the switch component of the switching unit 230 to operate according to the instruction of the user.

[0138] In the present embodiment, the module information acquisition unit 340 acquires information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210. The module information acquisition unit 340 may acquire information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 by measuring the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210. The module information acquisition unit 340 may also acquire information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 input by a manufacturer, a seller, etc. at the time of shipment, inspection, or sales.

[0139] The module information acquisition unit 340 may store information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 in the module information storage unit 350. The specific structure of the module information acquisition unit 340 is not particularly limited, and the module information acquisition unit 340 may also be a controller that controls the reading and writing of data in the module information storage unit 350. In this embodiment, the module information storage unit 350 stores the information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 acquired by the module information acquisition unit 340.

[0140] In the present embodiment, the module information transmitting unit 360 transmits the information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 acquired by the module information acquiring unit 340 to the system control unit 140. The module information transmitting unit 360 may also transmit the information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 acquired by the module information acquiring unit 340 to an external device. The module information transmitting unit 360 may transmit the information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 in accordance with a request from an external device, or may transmit the information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 at a predetermined time point. The module information transmitting unit 360 may also refer to the module information storage unit 350 and transmit the information on the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 to the system control unit 140 or an external device.

[0141] Figure 4 An example of the system configuration of the system control unit 140 is schematically shown. In this embodiment, the system control unit 140 includes a state management unit 410, a module selection unit 420, and a signal generation unit 430. The state management unit 410 may be an example of a battery characteristic acquisition unit. The state management unit 410 may also be an example of an output unit.

[0142] In the present embodiment, the state management unit 410 manages the state of the power storage system 100. The state management unit 410 can manage the states of the power storage modules 110 and 120. The state management unit 410 can monitor the states of the power storage modules 110 and 120. The state management unit 410 can also monitor the power storage modules 110 and 120 and obtain information on the battery characteristics of the power storage modules 110 and 120. The state management unit 410 can also transmit the information obtained by monitoring the power storage modules 110 and 120 to an external device.

[0143] The state management unit 410 measures the battery characteristics of each storage module while operating the storage system 100. When the battery characteristics of the storage module do not meet the predetermined conditions, the state management unit 410 may output information indicating that the performance of the storage module is insufficient to an output device for outputting information to a user. The state management unit 410 may also output identification information of the storage module and information indicating that the performance of the storage module is insufficient.

[0144] According to this embodiment, when the power storage system 100 is constructed using recycled power storage modules, at least part of the inspection of the recycled power storage modules can be omitted.

[0145] In one embodiment, when the power storage system 100 is shifted to the charging state, the module selection unit 420 selects the power storage module having the smallest inter-terminal voltage among the plurality of power storage modules included in the power storage system 100. For example, the module selection unit 420 compares the inter-terminal voltages of the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120, and selects the power storage module having the smaller inter-terminal voltage. The module selection unit 420 sends a signal indicating the selected power storage module to the signal generation unit 430.

[0146] In another embodiment, when the power storage system 100 is shifted to the discharge state, the module selection unit 420 selects a power storage module having the largest inter-terminal voltage among the plurality of power storage modules included in the power storage system 100. For example, the module selection unit 420 compares the inter-terminal voltages of the power storage module 110 and the power storage module 120, and selects the power storage module having the larger inter-terminal voltage. The module selection unit 420 sends a signal indicating the selected power storage module to the signal generation unit 430.

[0147] In this embodiment, the signal generating unit 430 generates a signal for turning on the switch component of the switching unit 230 of the power storage module selected by the module selecting unit 420. The signal generating unit 430 sends the generated signal to the module controlling unit 240. In another embodiment, the signal generating unit 430 may also generate a signal for turning off the switch component of the switching unit 230 of the power storage module selected by the module selecting unit 420.

[0148] Figure 5 An example of the circuit configuration of the power storage module 110 is schematically shown. Figure 5 The protection unit 250 and wiring associated with the protection unit 250 are not shown in the figure.

[0149] In this embodiment, the switching unit 230 includes a transistor 510, a resistor 512, a resistor 514, a diode 516, a transistor 520, a resistor 522, a resistor 524, and a diode 526. The transistor 510 and the transistor 520 may also be an example of a switch component. In this embodiment, the case where the transistor 510 and the transistor 520 are used as the switch component of the switching unit 230 is described. However, the switch component of the switching unit 230 is not limited to this embodiment. In another embodiment, a single switch component may be used as the switch component of the switching unit 230.

[0150] In this embodiment, the module control unit 240 includes a determination unit 310, a signal generation unit 330, a switch 592, and a switch 594. In this embodiment, the determination unit 310 includes a transistor 530, a resistor 532, a transistor 540, a resistor 542, a resistor 552, and a resistor 554. The signal generation unit 330 includes a transistor 560, a capacitor 570, a resistor 572, and a transistor 580. The switch 592 and the switch 594 may be an example of the receiving unit 320.

[0151] Next, the details of each part of the switching unit 230 and the module control unit 240 are described. In the switching unit 230 of the present embodiment, the transistor 510 is a MOSFET, and even when the transistor 510 is turned off, the current can still flow from the positive terminal 212 to the positive terminal 112 through the parasitic diode (not shown) equivalently formed between the source and the drain of the transistor 510. Similarly, the transistor 520 is a MOSFET, and even when the transistor 520 is turned off, the current can still flow from the positive terminal 112 to the positive terminal 212 through the parasitic diode (not shown) equivalently formed between the source and the drain of the transistor 520.

[0152] In the present embodiment, the transistor 510 and the transistor 520 are set to be turned off in the initial setting. When the transistor 580 is turned on during charging of the power storage system 100, a current flows from the positive terminal 112 to the negative terminal 114 via the resistor 512, the resistor 514, and the transistor 580. As a result, a voltage is applied to the gate of the transistor 510, and the transistor 510 is turned on. As a result, a current can flow from the positive terminal 112 to the positive terminal 212 via a parasitic diode equivalently formed between the source and the drain of the transistor 520.

[0153] On the other hand, when the transistor 580 is turned on during the discharge of the power storage system 100, a current flows from the positive terminal 212 to the negative terminal 214 via the resistor 522, the resistor 524, and the transistor 580. As a result, a voltage is applied to the gate of the transistor 520, and the transistor 520 is turned on. Thus, a current can flow from the positive terminal 212 to the positive terminal 112 via a parasitic diode equivalently formed between the source and the drain of the transistor 510.

[0154] The voltage applied to the gate of the transistor 510 or the transistor 520 when the transistor 580 is turned on may also be an example of a signal for turning on the switch element of the switching unit 230. Similarly, the voltage applied to the gate of the transistor 510 or the transistor 520 when the transistor 580 is turned off may also be an example of a signal for turning off the switch element of the switching unit 230.

[0155] In this embodiment, the values ​​of resistors 512 and 514 are set so that transistor 510 can be turned on and off reliably while saving power. In addition, the values ​​of resistors 522 and 524 are set so that transistor 520 can be turned on and off reliably while saving power.

[0156] In the present embodiment, a diode 516 is disposed between the resistor 514 and the resistor 524. The diode 516 allows current to pass in a direction from the resistor 514 to the resistor 524, but prevents current from passing in a direction from the resistor 524 to the resistor 514. By providing the diode 516, when the switch unit 230 electrically disconnects the positive terminal 112 and the positive terminal 212, the current is prevented from leaking from the positive terminal 212 to the positive terminal 112 through the path of the resistor 522, the resistor 524, the resistor 514, and the resistor 512.

[0157] In the present embodiment, a diode 526 is disposed between the resistor 514 and the resistor 524. The diode 526 allows current to pass in a direction from the resistor 524 to the resistor 514, but prevents current from passing in a direction from the resistor 514 to the resistor 524. By providing the diode 526, when the switch unit 230 electrically disconnects the positive terminal 112 and the positive terminal 212, current is prevented from leaking from the positive terminal 112 to the positive terminal 212 through the path of the resistor 512, the resistor 514, the resistor 524, and the resistor 522.

[0158] In the module control unit 240 of the present embodiment, the transistors 530 and 540 of the determination unit 310 are set to be OFF in the initial setting. In addition, the transistors 560 and 580 of the signal generation unit 330 are set to be OFF in the initial setting.

[0159] According to the present embodiment, the value of the resistor 532 is set in a manner that the transistor 530 performs a turn-on operation when the voltage between the terminals of the switching section 230 is smaller than a predetermined first value with the positive terminal 112 side as the positive side. The value of the resistor 532 is preferably set in a manner that the leakage current becomes extremely small when the switching section 230 is turned off. In addition, the value of the resistor 542 is set in a manner that the transistor 540 performs a turn-on operation when the voltage between the terminals of the switching section 230 is larger than a predetermined second value. The value of the resistor 542 is preferably set in a manner that the leakage current becomes extremely small when the switching section 230 is turned off. In addition, according to the present embodiment, the voltage between the terminals of the switching section 230 is equal to the voltage difference between the positive terminal 112 and the positive terminal 212.

[0160] When the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is lower than the predetermined first value, the transistor 530 performs an on-state operation, and a voltage is applied to the base of the transistor 560 from the power storage unit 210 via the positive terminal 212, the transistor 530, and the resistor 552, and the transistor 560 performs an on-state operation. Although the voltage from the positive terminal 112 is applied to the base of the transistor 580, the on-state operation of the transistor 580 is hindered while the transistor 560 performs an on-state operation. As a result, the transistor 580 is turned off.

[0161] On the other hand, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is greater than the predetermined second value, the transistor 540 is turned on, and a voltage is applied to the base of the transistor 560 from the positive terminal 112 via the transistor 540 and the resistor 554, turning the transistor 560 on. As a result, the transistor 580 is turned off.

[0162] In this embodiment, the value of resistor 552 is set to reduce power consumption within a range that enables transistor 560 to be turned on when transistor 530 is turned on. The value of resistor 554 is set to reduce power consumption within a range that enables transistor 560 to be turned on when transistor 540 is turned on.

[0163] The capacity of the capacitor 570 is set so that the voltage from the positive terminal 112 is applied to the base of the transistor 580 and the transistor 560 is turned on before the transistor 580 is turned on. Thus, the signal generating unit 330 can generate a signal after the determining unit 310 determines whether the voltage between the terminals of the switch element is within a predetermined range and a predetermined time has passed.

[0164] In this case, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is within the range determined by the first value and the second value, the transistors 530 and 540 are in the off state, and the transistor 560 is also in the off state. Therefore, a voltage is applied to the base of the transistor 580 from the positive terminal 112 via the resistor 572, and the transistor 580 is turned on.

[0165] The switches 592 and 594 may be manual switches or switch components such as relays, thyristors, transistors, etc. The switch 592 may receive a signal 52 indicating that the switch 230 is turned on. The switch 594 may receive a signal 54 indicating that the switch 230 is turned off.

[0166] When the switch 592 is turned on, the switching unit 230 can be turned on regardless of whether the transistor 580 is turned on or off. When the switch 594 is turned on, the transistor 580 can be turned off regardless of whether the transistor 560 is turned on or off. As a result, the switching unit 230 can be turned off.

[0167] Figure 6 An example of the system configuration of the switching unit 630 is schematically shown. The switching unit 630 includes a relay 632 connected in parallel with the transistor 510 and the transistor 520. Figure 5 The switch unit 230 described in the description is different. The other points may have the same configuration as the switch unit 230. In this embodiment, the transistor 510 and the transistor 520 may be semiconductor transistors. The transistor 510 and the transistor 520 may be field effect transistors (FETs).

[0168] Although the relay circuit has an excellent characteristic of having a small resistance when the circuit is turned on, the response speed is relatively slow. Therefore, for example, when the load device is a device with a pulsed current form such as a motor, and the voltage changes greatly in a short time, it is difficult to follow the signal from the signal generating unit 330 to perform the turn-on operation. On the other hand, although the power consumption of the semiconductor transistor is larger than that of the relay circuit, the responsiveness is excellent. According to the switching unit 630 of this embodiment, the transistor 510 or the transistor 520 using the semiconductor transistor and the relay 632 using the relay circuit can be connected in parallel.

[0169] Therefore, when the switch unit 230 receives a signal from the signal generator 330 to turn on the switch unit 230, first, the transistor 510 or the transistor 520 responds quickly to turn on the switch unit 230. After that, the relay 632 is turned on after a slight delay. Then, when the relay 632 is turned on, the relay 632 with a smaller resistance is connected in parallel to the transistor 510 and the transistor 520, so the combined resistance becomes smaller, which can reduce the loss.

[0170] use Figure 7 and Figure 8 The power storage module 710 is described below. Figure 7 An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 710 is schematically shown. Figure 8 An example of the system configuration of the switching unit 730 is schematically shown. Figure 8 In order to help understand the operations of the transistor 510 and the transistor 520, a parasitic diode 842 of the transistor 510 and a parasitic diode 844 of the transistor 520 are shown.

[0171] The power storage module 710 is associated with Figure 2The power storage module 110 described here is different in that it has a switch unit 730 instead of the switch unit 230 and the signal from the protection unit 250 is not sent to the module control unit 240 but to the switch unit 730. The other points may be the same as those of the power storage module 110.

[0172] In this embodiment, the switch unit 730 receives a signal for turning on or off the switch unit 730 from the module control unit 240. In addition, the switch unit 730 receives a signal for turning off the switch unit 730 from the protection unit 250.

[0173] According to the present embodiment, when the signal 82 for turning on the switch element of the switching unit 730 is input to the logic circuit 852, and the signal 88 indicating that the storage unit 210 is in the overcharge state is not input, the transistor 510 is turned on. In addition, when the signal 82 for turning on the switch element of the switching unit 730 is input to the logic circuit 854, and the signal 86 indicating that the storage unit 210 is in the overdischarge state is not input, the transistor 520 is turned on.

[0174] Fig. 9 An example of the system configuration of the power storage system 900 is schematically shown. The power storage system 900 is different from the power storage system 100 in that it includes a plurality of power storage modules 110 connected in a matrix. Other points may also have the same configuration as the power storage system 100. In this embodiment, a first block consisting of three power storage modules 110 connected in parallel and a diode 902 and a second block consisting of three power storage modules 110 connected in parallel and a diode 904 are connected in series.

[0175] According to the present embodiment, when the power storage system 900 is discharged, the discharge from the block is stopped only after all the multiple power storage modules 110 included in a specific block continue to discharge until the discharge is completed. According to the present embodiment, even when the discharge from the block is stopped, the current can be bypassed by the diode 902. Thus, the power supply provided by the power storage system 900 can be continued. Therefore, during the discharge of the power storage system 900, the output voltage is reduced in stages.

[0176] Similarly, when charging the power storage system 900, the power storage modules 110 included in a specific block that have completed charging are sequentially disconnected from the power storage system 900. Then, charging of all the power storage modules 110 is finally completed.

[0177] According to the present embodiment, the diodes 902 and 904 are provided so that the current flows in the direction from the connection terminal 104 to the connection terminal 102 (sometimes referred to as the discharge direction). Therefore, even if the switching units 230 of all the storage modules 110 included in a specific block are turned off, the current can be maintained. On the other hand, if the switching units 230 of all the storage modules 110 included in a specific block are turned off, subsequent charging becomes difficult.

[0178] Therefore, according to the present embodiment, when charging the power storage system 900, the system control unit 140 first detects the terminal voltage of each block and checks whether there is a block with a terminal voltage of 0. When a block with a terminal voltage of 0 is found, the system control unit 140 sends a signal for turning on the switch component of the switching unit 230 to one of the plurality of power storage modules 110 included in the block. The system control unit 140 may send a signal for turning on the switch component of the switching unit 230 to the power storage module 110 with the smallest terminal voltage among the plurality of power storage modules 110 included in the block. Thereafter, the system control unit 140 starts charging the power storage system 900.

[0179] In the present embodiment, the case where the diode 902 and the diode 904 are arranged so that the current flows in the discharge direction is described. However, the power storage system 900 is not limited to the present embodiment. In another embodiment, the diode 902 and the diode 904 may be a Zener diode. Thus, even if the charging of all the power storage modules 110 included in a specific block is completed and all the power storage modules 110 included in the block are disconnected from the power storage system 900, in the power storage system 900, the charging of other blocks connected in series with the specific block can still be continued.

[0180] In this case, when discharging the power storage system 900, the system control unit 140 may detect the terminal voltage of each group before starting the discharge, and check whether there is a group where the terminal voltage is 0. Then, a signal for turning on the switch element of the switching unit 230 may be sent to one of the plurality of power storage modules 110 included in the block where the terminal voltage is 0.

[0181] use Figure 10 to Figure 17 , another example of the power storage module 110 is described. The matters described for the power storage module 110 and its components may also be applied to another example of the power storage module 110 and its components within the scope of technical contradiction. In addition, the matters described for another example of the power storage module 110 and its components may also be applied to the power storage module 110 and its components. Figure 10 to Figure 17In the description of FIG. 1 , description of matters described for each component of the power storage module 110 may be omitted.

[0182] Fig.10 An example of a system configuration of the power storage module 1010 is schematically shown. In the present embodiment, the power storage module 1010 includes a positive terminal 112, a negative terminal 114, and a power storage unit 210. The power storage module 1010 may include a switching unit 230. The power storage module 1010 may include a protection unit 250. The power storage module 1010 may include a balance correction unit 260. In the present embodiment, the power storage module 1010 includes a current detection component 1020 and a module control unit 1040.

[0183] The power storage module 1010 may be an example of a control device and a control system. The module control unit 1040 may be an example of a control device. The switching unit 230 may be an example of a regulator, a first current regulator, and a second current regulator.

[0184] In this embodiment, the switch unit 230 adjusts the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In one embodiment, the switch unit 230 electrically connects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 or electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In another embodiment, the switch unit 230 increases or decreases the current by, for example, changing the resistance value of the path between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0185] In the present embodiment, one end of the switching unit 230 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the positive terminal 112 and the current detection element 1020. The other end of the switching unit 230 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 212 of the storage unit 210. Information indicating the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 can be used as information indicating the difference between the potential of the wiring 106 or the voltage applied to the wiring 106 (sometimes simply referred to as the voltage of the wiring 106) and the potential of the terminal (for example, the positive terminal 212) of the storage unit 210 or the voltage applied to the terminal (sometimes simply referred to as the voltage of the storage unit 210, the voltage of the terminal, etc.).

[0186] In one embodiment, the switching unit 230 at least adjusts the magnitude of the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 in the direction from the positive terminal 212 of the power storage unit 210 to the positive terminal 112 (sometimes referred to as the discharge direction). In another embodiment, the switching unit 230 at least adjusts the magnitude of the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 in the direction from the positive terminal 112 to the positive terminal 212 of the power storage unit 210 (sometimes referred to as the charge direction). In yet another embodiment, the switching unit 230 adjusts the magnitude of the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 in the discharge direction and the magnitude of the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 in the charge direction.

[0187] In the present embodiment, the power storage module 1010 is different from the power storage module 110 in that it includes a current detection component 1020. The power storage module 1010 is different from the power storage module 110 in that it includes a module control unit 1040 instead of the module control unit 240. Regarding the configuration other than the above-mentioned difference, the power storage module 1010 may have the same features as the corresponding configuration of the power storage module 110.

[0188] In this embodiment, the current detection component 1020 is used to obtain information indicating the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. Examples of the information indicating the current include the presence or absence of the current, the magnitude of the current, the direction of the current, etc. In this embodiment, the power storage module 1010 obtains information about the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by measuring the voltage between the terminals of the current detection component 1020.

[0189] In the present embodiment, the current detection component 1020 is arranged between the positive terminal 112 and the switching unit 230. More specifically, one end of the current detection component 1020 is electrically connected to the switching unit 230. The other end of the current detection component 1020 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the positive terminal 112. In addition, the current detection component 1020 may also be arranged between the switching unit 230 and the positive terminal 212 of the power storage unit 210. In addition, the switching unit 230 or a part of the components constituting the switching unit 230 may also be used as the current detection component 1020.

[0190] The current detection component 1020 can be any component having any resistance value, and its type is not particularly limited. For example, the current detection component 1020 has an appropriate resistance value corresponding to the maximum allowable current of the power storage unit 210. As the current detection component 1020, a resistor, a Hall effect sensor, etc. can be exemplified. A passive component or an active component having an appropriate resistance value can also be used as the resistor.

[0191] In the present embodiment, the module control unit 1040 detects the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, which is different from the module control unit 240. In the present embodiment, the module control unit 1040 controls the operation of the switching unit 230 based on (i) the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 and (ii) the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, which is different from the module control unit 240. The module control unit 1040 may control the operation of the switching unit 230 based on (i) the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210, (ii) the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, and (iii) the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230. Regarding the configuration other than the above-mentioned difference, the module control unit 1040 may have the same features as the corresponding configuration of the module control unit 240.

[0192] The method by which the module control unit 1040 detects the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 is not particularly limited. In the present embodiment, the module control unit 1040 obtains information indicating the voltage between the terminals of the current detection component 1020 disposed between the positive terminal 112 and the positive terminal 212, and detects the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 based on the information. Thus, the module control unit 1040 can monitor the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. The module control unit 1040 can determine the magnitude of the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, and can also determine the direction of the current.

[0193] In one embodiment, when the switching unit 230 at least adjusts or controls the magnitude of the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, the module control unit 1040 monitors or detects the current flowing in the charge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. When the switching unit 230 cuts off the electrical connection in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 (sometimes referred to as "electrical cutoff in the discharge direction"), the module control unit 1040 monitors or detects the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In addition, in this case, the current detected by the module control unit 1040 is the current flowing in the charge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0194] In another embodiment, when the switching unit 230 at least adjusts or controls the magnitude of the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, the module control unit 1040 monitors or detects the current flowing in the discharging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. When the switching unit 230 cuts off the electrical connection between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 in the charging direction (sometimes referred to as "electrical cutoff in the charging direction"), the module control unit 1040 may also monitor or detect the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In addition, in this case, the current detected by the module control unit 1040 is the current flowing in the discharging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0195] The method by which the module control unit 1040 controls the operation of the switch unit 230 is not particularly limited. As described above, the module control unit 1040 detects the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. The module control unit 1040 can control the operation of the switch unit 230 based on the information indicating the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. Thus, when the power storage module 1010 is hot-swapped, the interlock of the switch unit 230 can be safely released.

[0196] Like the module control unit 240, the module control unit 1040 can obtain information indicating the voltage between the terminals of the switch unit 230. The module control unit 1040 can control the operation of the switch unit 230 based on the information indicating the voltage between the terminals of the switch unit 230. Thus, the time required for hot swapping the power storage module 1010 can be shortened.

[0197] Similar to the module control unit 240, the module control unit 1040 can obtain information obtained or generated by the protection unit 250 from the protection unit 250. For example, the module control unit 1040 obtains information indicating that the overcharge protection function is effective, information indicating that the overcharge protection function is invalid, information indicating that the overdischarge protection function is effective, and information indicating that the overdischarge protection function is invalid from the protection unit 250. The module control unit 1040 can control the operation of the switching unit 230 based on the information obtained or generated by the protection unit 250. In this way, the switching unit 230 can be appropriately controlled according to the state of the power storage unit 210.

[0198] For example, when the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 is less than or below the threshold for overdischarge protection, the overdischarge protection function becomes effective. When the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 is greater than or above the threshold for overdischarge protection, the overdischarge protection function becomes ineffective. In addition, for example, when the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 is greater than or above the threshold for overcharge protection, the overcharge protection function becomes effective. When the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 is less than or below the threshold for overcharge protection, the overcharge protection function becomes ineffective.

[0199] Similar to the module control unit 240, the module control unit 1040 can obtain information obtained or generated by the system control unit 140 from the system control unit 140. For example, the module control unit 1040 obtains information indicating the battery characteristics of the power storage unit 210 from the system control unit 140. The module control unit 1040 can control the operation of the switching unit 230 based on the information obtained or generated by the system control unit 140. Thus, the switching unit 230 can be appropriately controlled according to the state of the power storage unit 210.

[0200] [Specific Example of the Procedure for Controlling the Operation of the Switching Unit 230]

[0201] In one embodiment, the module control unit 1040 controls the operation of the switch unit 230 based on the charge state of the power storage unit 210. In another embodiment, the module control unit 1040 controls the operation of the switch unit 230 based on the voltage between the terminals of the switch unit 230. In yet another embodiment, the module control unit 1040 controls the operation of the switch unit 230 based on the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. The module control unit 1040 may control the operation of the switch unit 230 based on at least one of the magnitude and direction of the current.

[0202] More specifically, the module control unit 1040 controls the operation of the switching unit 230 based on (i) the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210, and (ii) the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210. The module control unit 1040 may also control the operation of the switching unit 230 based on (i) the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210, (ii) the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210, and (iii) the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230.

[0203] For example, when the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 satisfies a predetermined condition, the module control unit 1040 controls the switching unit 230 so that the switching unit 230 electrically connects the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210. Regarding the battery characteristics of the storage unit 210, the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 can be an example of the battery characteristics of the storage unit 210. The predetermined condition can be a condition using a predetermined numerical range or threshold value, or a condition using a numerical range or threshold value calculated according to a predetermined step sequence. Thus, for example, it is possible to prevent the storage unit 210 from being deteriorated or damaged due to overcharging or overdischarging.

[0204] The predetermined condition may be a condition for protecting the power storage unit 210. Examples of the predetermined condition include: (i) a condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is within a specific numerical range; (ii) a condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is greater than a specific threshold or is above a specific threshold; and (iii) a condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is less than a specific threshold or is below a specific threshold; (v) a condition obtained by combining these conditions, etc.

[0205] The condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is within a specific numerical range may also be a condition indicating that at least one of the overvoltage protection function and the overdischarge protection function of the power storage module 1010 is invalid. The condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is within a specific numerical range may also be a condition indicating that the overvoltage protection function and the overdischarge protection function of the power storage module 1010 are invalid. The condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is greater than a specific threshold value or is above a specific threshold value may also be a condition indicating that the overdischarge protection function of the power storage module 1010 is invalid. The condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is less than a specific threshold value or is below a specific threshold value may also be a condition indicating that the overcharge protection function of the power storage module 1010 is invalid.

[0206] According to the present embodiment, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 satisfies a predetermined condition, the module control unit 1040 controls the switching unit 230 so that the switching unit 230 electrically connects the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106. More specifically, when the voltage difference between the wiring 106 and the voltage of the power storage unit 210 is relatively large, the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 are electrically disconnected. On the other hand, when the difference is relatively small, the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 are electrically connected. Thus, rapid hot swapping can be achieved.

[0207] The predetermined condition may be a condition for realizing rapid hot swapping. Examples of the predetermined condition include: (i) a condition indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is within a specific numerical range; (ii) a condition indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is greater than or above a specific threshold; (iii) a condition indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is less than or below a specific threshold; and (v) a condition obtained by combining these conditions.

[0208] (Specific example of the procedure for releasing the interlock of the over-discharge protection)

[0209] When the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1010 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100, when the power storage system 100 is discharged, for example, if the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is less than the threshold value for over-discharge protection, the protection unit 250 sends a signal for activating the over-discharge protection function to the module control unit 1040. At this time, the current flows between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 in the discharge direction. In this case, the discharge direction may be an example of the first direction. In addition, the charging direction may be an example of the second direction. In addition, in the present embodiment, the discharge direction and the charging direction are opposite directions to each other.

[0210] The case where the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is less than the threshold value for over-discharge protection may be an example of a case where the condition for protecting the power storage unit 210 is not satisfied. In another embodiment, the protection unit 250 may send a signal for activating the over-discharge protection function to the module control unit 1040 when the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is less than the threshold value for over-discharge protection.

[0211] When receiving the signal, module control unit 1040 controls switch unit 230 to electrically disconnect wire 106 and power storage unit 210. When power storage system 100 continues to discharge after wire 106 and power storage unit 210 are electrically disconnected, a voltage difference is generated between wire 106 and power storage unit 210.

[0212] When the discharge of the power storage system 100 is completed and the charging of the power storage system 100 is started, a voltage difference is generated between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In this case, when the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than the threshold value for realizing rapid hot plugging, the module control unit 1040 determines that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 does not satisfy the condition for realizing rapid hot plugging. As a result, the power storage system 100 is charged in a state where the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1010 and the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 are electrically disconnected.

[0213] On the other hand, when (i) the absolute value of the voltage difference at the start of charging of the power storage system 100 is less than or equal to the threshold value for rapid hot plugging, or (ii) the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than or equal to the threshold value for rapid hot plugging during charging of the power storage system 100, the module control unit 1040 controls the switching unit 230 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. However, at this stage, the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is less than the threshold value for over-discharge protection. Therefore, the interlock mechanism of the module control unit 1040 is activated. As a result, the module control unit 1040 cannot control the switching unit 230 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0214] In order for the module control unit 1040 to control the switching unit 230 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, the interlock must be released using a certain logic. The method of releasing the interlock is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, the module control unit 1040 determines whether to release the interlock based on the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 or information about the current, and controls the operation of the switching unit 230.

[0215] Here, if the association Figure 5As described above, the switch unit 230 includes a transistor 520 for adjusting or controlling the magnitude of the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. Examples of the transistor 520 include Si-MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), SiC-MOSFET, GaN-MOSFET, and the like.

[0216] When the rated voltage of the power storage unit 210 is relatively large, the transistor 520 is preferably a SiC-MOSFET. For example, when the maximum value of the rated voltage of the power storage unit 210 is 100V or more, preferably 200V or more, more preferably 300V or more, further preferably 500V or more, further preferably 800V or more, and further preferably 1000V or more, SiC-MOSFET is used as the transistor 520. Thus, the advantages of SiC-MOSFET, which has excellent withstand voltage characteristics and low loss, can be fully utilized. When the maximum value of the rated voltage of the power storage unit 210 is 300V or more or 500V or more, the effect of using SiC-MOSFET as the transistor 520 can be clearly shown.

[0217] In addition, a parasitic diode is formed between the source and the drain of the transistor 520. The parasitic diode allows the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 to pass through. On the other hand, the parasitic diode suppresses the current from flowing in the discharging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 through the parasitic diode.

[0218] The transistor 520 may be an example of a first current adjustment unit or a second current adjustment unit. The parasitic diode of the transistor 520 may be an example of a first bypass unit or a second bypass unit. In addition, the switching unit 230 may also include a rectifier separately from the parasitic diode of the transistor 520, the rectifier having the same function as the parasitic diode and connected in parallel with the transistor 520 between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. Examples of the rectifier include: (i) a rectifier component such as a diode, and (ii) a rectifier circuit including a plurality of components.

[0219] As described above, according to the present embodiment, the switching unit 230 includes: (i) the transistor 520 for adjusting the current in the discharge direction; and (ii) the parasitic diode, which is arranged in parallel with the transistor 520 and allows the current in the charge direction to pass and does not allow the current in the discharge direction to pass. Therefore, when the charging of the power storage system 100 is further performed and the voltage of the wiring 106 is higher than the voltage of the positive terminal 212 of the power storage unit 210, the current flows in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 via the parasitic diode of the transistor 520.

[0220] In order to prevent the deterioration or damage of the storage unit 210 due to overdischarge, the module control unit 1040 must prevent the current from flowing in the discharge direction, but it is not necessary to prevent the current from flowing in the charge direction. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the module control unit 1040 monitors the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210.

[0221] In one embodiment, the module control unit 1040 detects the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In another embodiment, the module control unit 1040 may detect the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the switch unit 230 electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 in the discharging direction.

[0222] The module control unit 1040 maintains the interlock for over-discharge protection from the start of charging of the power storage system 100 to the detection of the current. On the other hand, when the current is detected, the module control unit 1040 releases the interlock for over-discharge protection.

[0223] In one embodiment, module control unit 1040 controls switch unit 230 to electrically connect wiring 106 and power storage unit 210. Generally, the on-resistance of transistor 520 is smaller than the resistance of a parasitic diode, so according to this embodiment, the charging and discharging efficiency of power storage unit 210 is improved.

[0224] When the current is detected in a state where the voltage difference does not satisfy the condition for realizing rapid hot plugging, the module control unit 1040 may control the switch unit 230 in such a manner that the switch unit 230 electrically connects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 at least during a period before the voltage difference satisfies the condition for realizing rapid hot plugging. In addition, the module control unit 1040 may control the switch unit 230 in such a manner that the switch unit 230 electrically connects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 during a period when the voltage difference satisfies the condition for realizing rapid hot plugging.

[0225] In another embodiment, when the current is detected, the module control unit 1040 may also send a signal for resetting the over-discharge protection function to the protection unit 250. In addition, when receiving the signal for resetting the over-discharge protection function, the protection unit 250 may control the switching unit 230 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210.

[0226] When the power storage system 100 is further charged after the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 are electrically connected, the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is greater than the threshold for over-discharge protection. When the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is greater than the threshold for over-discharge protection, the protection unit 250 may also send a signal for resetting the over-discharge protection function to the module control unit 1040. When the module control unit 1040 receives the signal for resetting the over-discharge protection function, the switching unit 230 may be controlled so that the switching unit 230 electrically connects the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106.

[0227] In addition, as described above, when deciding to make the over-discharge protection function effective, the module control unit 1040, for example, (i) electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, or (ii) reduces the magnitude of the current that can flow in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. As a result, when the over-discharge protection function is effective, the magnitude of the current that can flow in the discharge direction is reduced compared to when the over-discharge protection function is invalid. On the other hand, when deciding to release the interlock of the over-discharge protection (sometimes referred to as invalidating the over-discharge protection function), the module control unit 1040, for example, (i) electrically connects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, or (ii) increases the magnitude of the current that can flow in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0228] The module control unit 1040 adjusts or controls the magnitude of the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by adjusting the resistance value or the conduction ratio (sometimes referred to as the duty cycle) of the switching unit 230. In one embodiment, when the switching unit 230 includes a transistor 520 and the transistor 520 is a field effect transistor, the module control unit 1040 can adjust or control the magnitude of the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by adjusting the gate voltage (sometimes referred to as the input voltage) of the transistor 520. The module control unit 1040 can also adjust or control the magnitude of the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by controlling the operation of a component configured in a circuit for adjusting the input voltage of the transistor 520.

[0229] In another embodiment, when the switch unit 230 includes the transistor 520 and the transistor 520 is a bipolar transistor, the module control unit 1040 can adjust or control the magnitude of the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by adjusting the base current (sometimes referred to as the input current) of the transistor 520. The module control unit 1040 can also adjust or control the magnitude of the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by controlling the operation of the components configured in the circuit for adjusting the input current of the transistor 520.

[0230] The resistance value or conduction ratio of the switching unit 230 may be the same or different when the over-discharge protection function is effective and when the over-discharge protection function is ineffective. When the switching unit 230 has a switch component, the on-resistance of the switch component may be the same or different when the over-charge protection function is effective and when the over-charge protection function is ineffective. When the switching unit 230 has a variable resistor, the resistance value of the variable resistor may be the same or different when the over-charge protection function is effective and when the over-charge protection function is ineffective. The module control unit 1040 may also control the switching unit 230 in the following manner: when the over-discharge protection function is effective, the resistance value of the switching unit 230 becomes larger than when the over-discharge protection function is ineffective. The module control unit 1040 may also control the switching unit 230 in the following manner: when the over-discharge protection function is effective, the conduction ratio of the switching unit 230 becomes smaller than when the over-discharge protection function is ineffective.

[0231] To simplify the description, in this embodiment, the steps for the module control unit 1040 to release the interlock of the over-discharge protection are described by taking the following embodiment as an example, in which (i) when it is decided to enable the over-discharge protection function, the module control unit 1040 electrically cuts off the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210, and (ii) when it is decided to disable the over-discharge protection function, the module control unit 1040 electrically connects the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210. However, any person skilled in the art who has access to the description of the present invention will be able to understand that in another embodiment in which (i) when deciding to enable the over-discharge protection function, the module control unit 1040 reduces the magnitude of the current that can flow between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210 in the discharge direction, and (ii) when deciding to disable the over-discharge protection function, the module control unit 1040 increases the magnitude of the current that can flow between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210 in the discharge direction, the module control unit 1040 may also release the interlock of the over-discharge protection through the same steps as in the present embodiment.

[0232] Specifically, when the over-discharge protection function is enabled, in this embodiment, a series of operations of the module control unit 1040 to electrically disconnect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 is equivalent to a series of operations of the module control unit 1040 to reduce the current that can flow between the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 in the other embodiment. Similarly, when the over-discharge protection function is disabled, in this embodiment, a series of operations of the module control unit 1040 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 is equivalent to a series of operations of the module control unit 1040 to increase the current that can flow between the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 in the other embodiment.

[0233] (Specific example of the procedure for releasing the interlock of overcharge protection)

[0234] When the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1010 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100, the power storage system 100 is charged. For example, if the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is greater than the threshold value for overcharge protection, the protection unit 250 sends a signal for activating the overcharge protection function to the module control unit 1040. At this time, the current flows between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 in the charging direction. In this case, the charging direction may be an example of the first direction. In addition, the discharging direction may be an example of the second direction. In addition, in the present embodiment, the discharging direction and the charging direction are opposite directions to each other.

[0235] The case where the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is greater than the threshold value for overcharge protection may be an example of a case where the condition for protecting the power storage unit 210 is not satisfied. In another embodiment, the protection unit 250 may send a signal for activating the overcharge protection function to the module control unit 1040 when the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is greater than the threshold value for overdischarge protection.

[0236] When receiving the signal, module control unit 1040 controls switch unit 230 to electrically disconnect wire 106 and power storage unit 210. When power storage system 100 continues charging after wire 106 and power storage unit 210 are electrically disconnected, a voltage difference is generated between wire 106 and power storage unit 210.

[0237] When the charging of the power storage system 100 is completed and the power storage system 100 is subsequently discharged, a voltage difference is generated between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In this case, when the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than the threshold value for realizing rapid hot plugging, the module control unit 1040 determines that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 does not satisfy the condition for realizing rapid hot plugging. As a result, the power storage system 100 is discharged in a state where the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1010 and the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 are electrically disconnected.

[0238] On the other hand, when (i) the absolute value of the voltage difference at the start of discharge of the power storage system 100 is less than or equal to the threshold value for rapid hot plugging, or (ii) the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than or equal to the threshold value for rapid hot plugging during charging of the power storage system 100, the module control unit 1040 controls the switching unit 230 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. However, at this stage, the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is greater than the threshold value for overcharge protection. Therefore, the interlock mechanism of the module control unit 1040 is activated. As a result, the module control unit 1040 cannot control the switching unit 230 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0239] In order for the module control unit 1040 to control the switching unit 230 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, the interlock must be released using a certain logic. The method of releasing the interlock is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, the module control unit 1040 determines whether to release the interlock based on the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 or information about the current, and controls the operation of the switching unit 230.

[0240] Here, if the association Figure 5 As described above, the switch unit 230 includes a transistor 510 for adjusting or controlling the magnitude of the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. Examples of the transistor 510 include Si-MOSFET, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), SiC-MOSFET, GaN-MOSFET, and the like.

[0241] When the rated voltage of the power storage unit 210 is relatively large, the transistor 510 is preferably a SiC-MOSFET. For example, when the maximum value of the rated voltage of the power storage unit 210 is 100V or more, preferably 200V or more, more preferably 300V or more, further preferably 500V or more, further preferably 800V or more, and further preferably 1000V or more, SiC-MOSFET is used as the transistor 510. Thus, the advantages of SiC-MOSFET, which has excellent withstand voltage characteristics and low loss, can be fully utilized. When the maximum value of the rated voltage of the power storage unit 210 is 300V or more or 500V or more, the effect of using SiC-MOSFET as the transistor 510 can be clearly shown.

[0242] In addition, a parasitic diode is formed between the source and drain of the transistor 510. The parasitic diode allows the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 to pass through. On the other hand, the parasitic diode suppresses the current from flowing in the charge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 through the parasitic diode.

[0243] The transistor 510 may be an example of a first current adjustment unit or a second current adjustment unit. The parasitic diode of the transistor 510 may be an example of a first bypass unit or a second bypass unit. In addition, the switching unit 230 may also include a rectifier separately from the parasitic diode of the transistor 510, the rectifier having the same function as the parasitic diode and connected in parallel with the transistor 510 between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. As the rectifier, (i) a rectifier component such as a diode, and (ii) a rectifier circuit including a plurality of components, etc. can be exemplified.

[0244] As described above, according to the present embodiment, the switching unit 230 includes: (i) the transistor 510, which adjusts the current in the charging direction; and (ii) the parasitic diode, which is arranged in parallel with the transistor 510, and allows the current in the discharging direction to pass and does not allow the current in the charging direction to pass. Therefore, when the power storage system 100 is further discharged and the voltage of the wiring 106 is lower than the voltage of the positive terminal 212 of the power storage unit 210, the current flows in the discharging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 via the parasitic diode of the transistor 510.

[0245] In order to prevent the deterioration or damage of the storage unit 210 due to overcharging, the module control unit 1040 must prevent the current from flowing in the charging direction, but it is not necessary to prevent the current from flowing in the discharging direction. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the module control unit 1040 monitors the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210.

[0246] In one embodiment, the module control unit 1040 detects the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In another embodiment, the module control unit 1040 may detect the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the switch unit 230 electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 in the charging direction.

[0247] The module control unit 1040 maintains the interlock for overcharge protection from the start of discharge of the power storage system 100 to the detection of the current. On the other hand, when the current is detected, the module control unit 1040 releases the interlock for overcharge protection.

[0248] In one embodiment, module control unit 1040 controls switch unit 230 to electrically connect wiring 106 and power storage unit 210. Generally, the on-resistance of transistor 510 is smaller than the resistance of a parasitic diode, so according to this embodiment, the charging and discharging efficiency of power storage unit 210 is improved.

[0249] When the current is detected in a state where the voltage difference does not satisfy the condition for realizing rapid hot plugging, the module control unit 1040 may control the switch unit 230 in such a manner that the switch unit 230 electrically connects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 at least during a period before the voltage difference satisfies the condition for realizing rapid hot plugging. In addition, the module control unit 1040 may control the switch unit 230 in such a manner that the switch unit 230 electrically connects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 during a period when the voltage difference satisfies the condition for realizing rapid hot plugging.

[0250] In another embodiment, when the current is detected, the module control unit 1040 may also send a signal for resetting the over-discharge protection function to the protection unit 250. In addition, when receiving the signal for resetting the over-discharge protection function, the protection unit 250 may control the switching unit 230 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210.

[0251] When the power storage system 100 is further discharged after the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 are electrically connected, the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is less than the threshold value for overcharge protection. When the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 is less than the threshold value for overcharge protection, the protection unit 250 may also send a signal for resetting the overcharge protection function to the module control unit 1040. When the module control unit 1040 receives the signal for resetting the overdischarge protection function, the switching unit 230 may be controlled so that the switching unit 230 electrically connects the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106.

[0252] In addition, as described above, when it is decided to make the over-discharge protection function effective, the module control unit 1040, for example, (i) electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, or (ii) reduces the magnitude of the current that can flow in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. As a result, when the over-charge protection function is effective, the magnitude of the current that can flow in the charging direction is reduced compared to when the over-charge protection function is invalid. On the other hand, when it is decided to release the interlock of the over-charge protection (sometimes referred to as invalidating the over-charge protection function), the module control unit 1040, for example, (i) electrically connects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210; or (ii) increases the magnitude of the current that can flow in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0253] The module control unit 1040 adjusts or controls the magnitude of the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by adjusting the resistance value or the conduction ratio (sometimes referred to as the duty cycle) of the switching unit 230. In one embodiment, when the switching unit 230 includes a transistor 510 and the transistor 510 is a field effect transistor, the module control unit 1040 can adjust or control the magnitude of the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by adjusting the gate voltage (sometimes referred to as the input voltage) of the transistor 510. The module control unit 1040 can also adjust or control the magnitude of the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by controlling the operation of the components configured in the circuit for adjusting the input voltage of the transistor 510.

[0254] In another embodiment, when the switch unit 230 includes the transistor 510 and the transistor 510 is a bipolar transistor, the module control unit 1040 can adjust or control the magnitude of the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by adjusting the base current (sometimes referred to as the input current) of the transistor 510. The module control unit 1040 can also adjust or control the magnitude of the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 by controlling the operation of the components configured in the circuit for adjusting the input current of the transistor 510.

[0255] The resistance value or conduction ratio of the switching unit 230 may be the same or different when the overcharge protection function is effective and when the overcharge protection function is ineffective. In the case where the switching unit 230 has a switch component, the on-resistance of the switch component may be the same or different when the overcharge protection function is effective and when the overcharge protection function is ineffective. In the case where the switching unit 230 has a variable resistor, the resistance value of the variable resistor may be the same or different when the overcharge protection function is effective and when the overcharge protection function is ineffective. The module control unit 1040 may also control the switching unit 230 in the following manner: when the overcharge protection function is effective, the resistance value of the switching unit 230 becomes larger than when the overcharge protection function is ineffective. The module control unit 1040 may also control the switching unit 230 in the following manner: when the overcharge protection function is effective, the conduction ratio of the switching unit 230 becomes smaller than when the overcharge protection function is ineffective.

[0256] To simplify the description, in this embodiment, the steps for the module control unit 1040 to release the interlock of the overcharge protection are described by taking the following embodiment as an example, in which (i) when it is decided to enable the overcharge protection function, the module control unit 1040 electrically cuts off the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210, and (ii) when it is decided to disable the overcharge protection function, the module control unit 1040 electrically connects the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210. However, any person skilled in the art who has access to the description of the present invention will be able to understand that in another embodiment in which (i) when deciding to enable the overcharge protection function, the module control unit 1040 reduces the magnitude of the current that can flow between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210 in the charging direction, and (ii) when deciding to disable the overcharge protection function, the module control unit 1040 increases the magnitude of the current that can flow between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210 in the charging direction, the module control unit 1040 may also release the interlock of the overcharge protection through the same steps as in the present embodiment.

[0257] Specifically, when the overcharge protection function is enabled, in this embodiment, a series of actions of the module control unit 1040 to electrically disconnect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 is equivalent to a series of actions of the module control unit 1040 to reduce the current that can flow between the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 in the other embodiment. Similarly, when the overcharge protection function is disabled, in this embodiment, a series of actions of the module control unit 1040 to electrically connect the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 is equivalent to a series of actions of the module control unit 1040 to increase the current that can flow between the power storage unit 210 and the wiring 106 in the other embodiment.

[0258] As described above, according to the present embodiment, the module control unit 1040 can have both the hot swap function and the protection function of the power storage unit 210 without significantly reducing the charge and discharge efficiency of the power storage module 1010 , for example.

[0259] As related Figure 1 As described above, the number of batteries connected in series is small for a power storage module that constitutes a part of a power supply of a small-scale system such as a home appliance, and its rated voltage is also about 3.5 to 4.5 V. Therefore, when a power storage module is installed or removed from a power supply while the system is running, it is required to strictly manage the voltage of the power storage module that is the object of hot plugging and the voltage of other power storage modules that constitute the power supply. According to the specifications of the power storage module, the allowable value of the voltage difference between the power storage module that is the object of hot plugging and other power storage modules that constitute the power supply can also be managed to be less than 1V.

[0260] On the other hand, in recent years, the size of the power storage module has been increasing. For example, in small to medium-sized electric vehicles such as buses, power storage modules with a rated voltage of about 300 to 400V are used. In addition, in large electric vehicles such as electric buses, power storage modules with a rated voltage of about 500 to 800V are used. When the rated voltage of the power storage module increases, the allowable value of the voltage difference between the power storage module that becomes the object of hot plugging and the other power storage modules that constitute the power supply also increases. For example, even if the voltage difference between a power storage module that constitutes a power supply and the other power storage modules that constitute the power supply exceeds 1V, it is sometimes possible to hot plug the power storage module.

[0261] Depending on the resistance or impedance of the hot-swappable power storage module, when the rated voltage of the hot-swappable power storage module is 100 V or more, the voltage difference between the hot-swappable power storage module and other power storage modules constituting the power supply may be 30 V or less, 10 V or less, 5 V or less, 3 V or less, 2 V or less, or 1 V or less. The voltage difference between the hot-swappable power storage module and other power storage modules constituting the power supply may be 1 / 5 or less, 1 / 10 or less, 1 / 20 or less, 1 / 30 or less, 1 / 50 or less, 1 / 100 or less, 1 / 200 or less, 1 / 300 or less, 1 / 500 or less, or 1 / 1000 or less of the rated voltage of the hot-swappable power storage module.

[0262] In the present embodiment, the current detection component 1020 and the switching unit 230 are arranged between the positive terminal 112 of the storage module 1010 and the positive terminal 212 of the storage unit 210, and the positive terminal 212 of the storage unit 210 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the switching unit 230. However, the arrangement of the current detection component 1020 and the switching unit 230 is not limited to the present embodiment. In another embodiment, the current detection component 1020 and the switching unit 230 are arranged between the negative terminal 114 of the storage module 1010 and the negative terminal 214 of the storage unit 210, and the negative terminal 214 of the storage unit 210 is electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the switching unit 230.

[0263] Fig.11An example of the system configuration of the module control unit 1040 is schematically shown. In the present embodiment, the module control unit 1040 includes a determination unit 310, a reception unit 320, and a signal generation unit 330. The module control unit 1040 may also include a module information acquisition unit 340, a module information storage unit 350, and a module information transmission unit 360. In the present embodiment, the module control unit 1040 includes a current monitoring unit 1120. In the present embodiment, the current monitoring unit 1120 includes a current detection unit 1122 and a direction determination unit 1124. The signal generation unit 330 may be an example of an action control unit.

[0264] In the present embodiment, the module control unit 1040 is different from the module control unit 240 in that it includes a current monitoring unit 1120. Regarding the configuration other than the above-described difference, the module control unit 1040 may have the same features as the corresponding configuration of the module control unit 240.

[0265] In this embodiment, the current monitoring unit 1120 monitors the current flowing between the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 and the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1010. For example, the current monitoring unit 1120 monitors the current flowing between the positive terminal 112 and the positive terminal 212 of the power storage module 1010.

[0266] In this embodiment, the current detection unit 1122 detects the current flowing between the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 and the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1010. The current detection unit 1122 may also determine the magnitude of the current. The current detection unit 1122 may include any analog circuit or any digital circuit.

[0267] In the present embodiment, the direction determination unit 1124 determines the direction of the current flowing between the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 and the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1010. The direction determination unit 1124 may include any analog circuit or any digital circuit.

[0268] Fig.12 An example of the circuit configuration of the module control unit 1040 is schematically shown. Fig.12 An example of the circuit configuration of the switching unit 230 is schematically shown. Fig.12 The positive electrode terminal 112 , the negative electrode terminal 114 , the power storage unit 210 , the protection unit 250 , the current detection element 1020 , an example of the switching unit 230 , and an example of the module control unit 1040 are shown.

[0269] [Specific Example of Circuit of Switching Unit 230]

[0270] In the present embodiment, one end of the transistor 510 is electrically connected to the wiring 106, and the other end is electrically connected to the power storage unit 210. The transistor 510 is connected in series with the transistor 520 and the parasitic diode 844 between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In the present embodiment, the transistor 510 adjusts the magnitude of the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0271] In the present embodiment, one end of the transistor 520 is electrically connected to the wiring 106, and the other end is electrically connected to the power storage unit 210. The transistor 520 is connected in series with the transistor 510 and the parasitic diode 842 between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In the present embodiment, the transistor 520 adjusts the magnitude of the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0272] One end of parasitic diode 842 is electrically connected to wiring 106, and the other end is electrically connected to power storage unit 210. Parasitic diode 842 is connected in parallel with transistor 510 between wiring 106 and power storage unit 210. Parasitic diode 842 is connected in series with transistor 520 and parasitic diode 844 between wiring 106 and power storage unit 210.

[0273] The parasitic diode 842 allows a current flowing in a discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 to pass therethrough. On the other hand, the parasitic diode 842 prevents a current from flowing in a charge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 via the parasitic diode 842 .

[0274] One end of parasitic diode 844 is electrically connected to wiring 106, and the other end is electrically connected to power storage unit 210. Parasitic diode 844 is connected in parallel with transistor 520 between wiring 106 and power storage unit 210. Parasitic diode 844 is connected in series with transistor 510 and parasitic diode 842 between wiring 106 and power storage unit 210.

[0275] The parasitic diode 842 allows a current flowing in a charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 to pass therethrough. On the other hand, the parasitic diode 844 prevents a current from flowing in a discharging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 via the parasitic diode 844 .

[0276] The transistor 510 may be an example of one of the first current adjustment unit and the second current adjustment unit. The transistor 520 may be an example of the other of the first current adjustment unit and the second current adjustment unit. The parasitic diode 842 may be an example of one of the first bypass unit and the second bypass unit. The parasitic diode 844 may be an example of the other of the first bypass unit and the second bypass unit. The discharge direction may be an example of one of the first direction and the second direction. The charging direction may be an example of the other of the first direction and the second direction.

[0277] [Specific Example of Circuit of Module Control Unit 1040]

[0278] In this embodiment, the module control unit 1040 includes a determination unit 310, a signal generation unit 330, and a current monitoring unit 1120. The determination unit 310 may be an example of a first determination unit, a second determination unit, and a third determination unit.

[0279] In the present embodiment, the signal generating unit 330 includes an OR circuit 1260, an AND circuit 1272, an AND circuit 1274, an OR circuit 1282, and an OR circuit 1284. In the present embodiment, a resistor having an appropriate resistance value is arranged between the positive terminal 112 and the switching unit 230 as the current detecting element 1020. The resistance value of the current detecting element 1020 is determined, for example, so that the current monitoring unit 1120 can reliably determine the direction of the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210.

[0280] In the present embodiment, the determination unit 310 determines whether the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is within a predetermined range. The determination unit 310 sends a signal indicating the determination result to the signal generation unit 330. The determination unit 310 may include any analog circuit or any digital circuit. The determination unit 310 may include a window comparator. The window comparator can be implemented, for example, using two comparators.

[0281] In this embodiment, the determination unit 310 has two input terminals. The voltage of one end (for example, the end on the positive terminal 112 side) of the switching unit 230 is input to one input terminal (indicated as a -terminal in the figure) of the determination unit 310. The voltage of the other end (for example, the end on the storage unit 210 side) of the switching unit 230 is input to the other input terminal (indicated as a +terminal in the figure) of the determination unit 310.

[0282] In the present embodiment, the determination unit 310 has two output terminals. The determination unit 310 outputs a signal indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is less than the first threshold value from one output terminal (indicated as the L terminal in the figure) as a signal indicating the determination result. For example, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is less than the first threshold value, the determination unit 310 outputs an H logic from the L terminal. On the other hand, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is greater than the first threshold value, the determination unit 310 outputs an L logic from the L terminal.

[0283] In addition, the determination unit 310 outputs a signal indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is greater than the second threshold value from the other output terminal (indicated as the H terminal in the figure) as a signal indicating the determination result. In the present embodiment, as the absolute value of the second threshold value, a value greater than the absolute value of the first threshold value is set. For example, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is greater than the second threshold value, the determination unit 310 outputs an H logic from the H terminal. On the other hand, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is less than the second threshold value, the determination unit 310 outputs an L logic from the H terminal.

[0284] In one embodiment, the determination unit 310 can determine, for example, whether the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 meets a first condition. Examples of the first condition include: (i) a condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit is outside a predetermined first numerical range; (ii) a condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit is greater than a predetermined first threshold; and (iii) a condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit is greater than a first threshold. The first condition is, for example, a condition indicating that the power storage unit 210 is overcharged.

[0285] In another embodiment, the determination unit 310 can determine, for example, whether the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 meets the second condition. As the second condition, there can be exemplified: (i) a condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the storage unit is outside the range of a predetermined second numerical range; (ii) a condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the storage unit is less than a predetermined second threshold; and (iii) a condition indicating that the voltage or SOC of the storage unit is less than the second threshold. In addition, the second condition may be a condition different from the first condition. The second condition is, for example, a condition indicating that the storage unit 210 is over-discharged.

[0286] In another embodiment, the determination unit 310 can determine whether the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 meets the third condition. The third condition may include: (i) a condition indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is within a predetermined third numerical range; (ii) a condition indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is less than a predetermined third threshold; and (iii) a condition indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is less than the third threshold.

[0287] In another embodiment, the determination unit 310 can, for example, determine whether the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 meets the fourth condition. As the fourth condition, the following can be exemplified: (i) a condition indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is outside the range of a predetermined fourth numerical range; (ii) a condition indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is greater than a predetermined fourth threshold; (iii) a condition indicating that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is above the fourth threshold, etc. The fourth numerical range may also be the same as the third numerical range. The upper limit value of the fourth numerical range may also be greater than the upper limit value of the third numerical range. The fourth threshold value may also be the same as the third threshold value. The fourth threshold value may also be greater than the third threshold value.

[0288] In this embodiment, the current monitoring unit 1120 may include a comparator. The current monitoring unit 1120 has, for example, two input terminals and one output terminal. The voltage of one end of the current detection component 1020 (for example, the end on the positive terminal 112 side) is input to the input terminal on one side of the current monitoring unit 1120 (indicated as a + terminal in the figure). The voltage of the other end of the current detection component 1020 (for example, the end on the switching unit 230 side) is input to the input terminal on the other side of the current monitoring unit 1120 (indicated as a - terminal in the figure).

[0289] For example, when the voltage input to the + terminal is greater than the voltage input to the - terminal, the current monitoring unit 1120 outputs H logic from the output terminal. On the other hand, when the voltage input to the + terminal is less than the voltage input to the - terminal, the current monitoring unit 1120 outputs L logic from the output terminal. In addition, when the voltage input to the + terminal is equal to the voltage input to the - terminal or when the two are considered to be equal, the current monitoring unit 1120 does not output a signal from the output terminal.

[0290] In this embodiment, the current monitoring unit 1120 detects the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when at least one of the transistors 510 and 520 electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In one embodiment, the current monitoring unit 1120 detects the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the overcharge protection function is enabled. In another embodiment, the current monitoring unit 1120 detects the current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the overdischarge protection function is enabled.

[0291] In this embodiment, the signal generating unit 330 may also have the function of the receiving unit 320. For example, the signal generating unit 330 receives the signal 86 for activating the over-discharge protection function from the protection unit 250. In addition, the signal generating unit 330 receives the signal 88 for activating the over-charge protection function from the protection unit 250. The signal generating unit 330 receives information about the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 from the determination unit 310. The signal generating unit 330 receives information about the current between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210 from the current monitoring unit 1120.

[0292] In the present embodiment, the signal generation unit 330 can control the operation of at least one of the transistor 510 and the transistor 520 based on (i) the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 and (ii) the detection result of the current monitoring unit 1120. The signal generation unit 330 can control the operation of at least one of the transistor 510 and the transistor 520 based on (i) the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210, (ii) the detection result of the current monitoring unit 1120, and (iii) the determination result of the determination unit 310. The signal generation unit 330 can control at least one of the transistor 510 and the transistor 520 by outputting a signal for controlling the operation of at least one of the transistor 510 and the transistor 520 to the transistor to be controlled by the signal.

[0293] In the present embodiment, when the determination unit 310 determines that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 satisfies the fourth condition, the signal generation unit 330 may output a signal for performing an operation of electrically disconnecting the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, or an operation of reducing the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, to at least one of the transistor 510 and the transistor 520. Thus, the determination unit 310 may also be used as an overcurrent protection function for the power storage unit 210.

[0294] In this embodiment, the OR circuit 1260 has two input terminals and one output terminal. The output from the H terminal of the determination unit 310 is input to one input terminal of the OR circuit 1260. The output from the L terminal of the determination unit 310 is input to the other input terminal of the OR circuit 1260.

[0295] The OR circuit 1260 outputs the logical sum of the two inputs. For example, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 converges within a specific numerical range, the OR circuit 1260 outputs an L logic. On the other hand, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 deviates from the specific numerical range, the OR circuit 1260 outputs an H logic. For example, as an example of a case where the switching unit 230 meets the fourth condition, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is greater than a specific value, an H logic is output from the H terminal of the determination unit 310. In this case, the OR circuit 1260 outputs an H logic.

[0296] In this embodiment, the AND circuit 1272 has two input terminals and one output terminal. A signal obtained by inverting the output of the OR circuit 1260 is input to one input terminal of the AND circuit 1272. A signal obtained by inverting the signal 88 for activating the overcharge protection function is input to the other input terminal of the AND circuit 1272.

[0297] AND circuit 1272 outputs the logical product of two inputs. For example, when the voltage between the terminals of switching unit 230 is within a specific numerical range (specifically, when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of wiring 106 and the voltage of storage unit 210 is less than a specific threshold or is below the threshold), and when the voltage or SOC of storage unit 210 is less than a threshold for overcharge protection, AND circuit 1272 outputs H logic. On the other hand, in other cases, AND circuit 1272 outputs L logic.

[0298] In this embodiment, the AND circuit 1274 has two input terminals and one output terminal. A signal obtained by inverting the output of the OR circuit 1260 is input to one input terminal of the AND circuit 1274. A signal obtained by inverting the signal 86 for activating the over-discharge protection function is input to the other input terminal of the AND circuit 1274.

[0299] AND circuit 1274 outputs the logical product of two inputs. For example, when the voltage between the terminals of switching unit 230 is within a specific numerical range (specifically, when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of wiring 106 and the voltage of storage unit 210 is less than a specific threshold or is less than the threshold), and when the voltage or SOC of storage unit 210 is greater than a threshold for over-discharge protection, AND circuit 1274 outputs H logic. On the other hand, in other cases, AND circuit 1274 outputs L logic.

[0300] In this embodiment, the OR circuit 1282 has two input terminals and one output terminal. A signal obtained by inverting the output of the current monitoring unit 1120 is input to one input terminal of the OR circuit 1282. The output of the AND circuit 1272 is input to the other input terminal of the OR circuit 1282.

[0301] The OR circuit 1282 outputs the logical sum of the two inputs. For example, when the output of the OR circuit 1282 is an H logic, the transistor 510 performs an on action, and when the output of the OR circuit 1282 is an L logic, the transistor 510 performs an off action. In one embodiment, when the current flows in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210, the OR circuit 1282 outputs an H logic. In another embodiment, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 converges to a specific numerical range, and when the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 is less than the threshold value for overcharge protection, the OR circuit 1282 outputs an H logic.

[0302] In this embodiment, the OR circuit 1284 has two input terminals and one output terminal. The output of the current monitoring unit 1120 is input to one input terminal of the OR circuit 1284. The output of the AND circuit 1274 is input to the other input terminal of the OR circuit 1284.

[0303] The OR circuit 1284 outputs the logical sum of the two inputs. For example, when the output of the OR circuit 1284 is an H logic, the transistor 520 performs an on action, and when the output of the OR circuit 1284 is an L logic, the transistor 520 performs an off action. In one embodiment, when the current flows in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210, the OR circuit 1284 outputs an H logic. In another embodiment, when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 converges to a specific numerical range, and when the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 is less than the threshold value for overcharge protection, the OR circuit 1284 outputs an H logic.

[0304] [Specific example of operation of the signal generating unit 330]

[0305] In one embodiment, when determination unit 310 determines that the voltage or SOC of power storage unit 210 meets the first condition, signal generation unit 330 outputs a signal to transistor 510 for performing an operation of electrically disconnecting wiring 106 and power storage unit 210, or an operation of reducing the current flowing in the charging direction between wiring 106 and power storage unit 210. In addition, signal generation unit 330 may also output a signal to transistor 520 according to the content of the first condition.

[0306] In another embodiment, when the determination unit 310 determines that the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210 meets the second condition, the signal generation unit 330 outputs a signal to the transistor 520 for performing an operation of electrically disconnecting the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, or an operation of reducing the current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. In addition, the signal generation unit 330 may also output a signal to the transistor 510 according to the content of the second condition.

[0307] In another embodiment, when the determination unit 310 determines that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 meets the third condition, the signal generation unit 330 outputs a signal to the transistors 510 and 520 for performing an operation of electrically connecting the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210 or increasing the current flowing between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210, regardless of whether the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210 meets the first condition and the second condition. On the other hand, when the determination unit 310 determines that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 does not meet the third condition, the signal generation unit 330 may output a signal corresponding to the detection result of the current monitoring unit 1120. For example, the signal generation unit 330 outputs a signal as described below.

[0308] [(a) When the determination unit 310 determines that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 does not satisfy the third condition, (b) the current monitoring unit 1120 detects (i) a current flowing in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the overcharge protection function is enabled, or (ii) a current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the transistor 510 electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit]

[0309] In this case, signal generating unit 330 outputs a signal to transistor 510 for electrically connecting wiring 106 and storage unit 210 or increasing the current flowing between wiring 106 and storage unit 210 regardless of whether the voltage or SOC of storage unit 210 satisfies the first condition.

[0310] [(a) When the determination unit 310 determines that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 does not satisfy the third condition, (c) the current monitoring unit 1120 detects (i) a current flowing in the charging direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the over-discharge protection function is enabled, or (ii) a current flowing between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the transistor 520 electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit]

[0311] In this case, signal generating unit 330 outputs a signal to transistor 520 for electrically connecting wiring 106 and storage unit 210 or increasing the current flowing between wiring 106 and storage unit 210 regardless of whether the voltage or SOC of storage unit 210 satisfies the second condition.

[0312] In another embodiment, the module control unit 1040 can suppress degradation or damage of the power storage unit 210 due to overcurrent. As described above, as an example of a case where the switch unit 230 meets the fourth condition, when the voltage between the terminals of the switch unit 230 is greater than a specific value, the OR circuit 1260 outputs H logic.

[0313] Therefore, when the current flows in the discharge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 and the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is greater than a specific value, the L logic can be output from the OR circuit 1282. As a result, the transistor 510 performs an off operation. Similarly, when the current flows in the charge direction between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 and the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is greater than a specific value, the L logic can be output from the OR circuit 1284. As a result, the transistor 520 performs an off operation.

[0314] According to the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress the current from flowing constantly through the parasitic diode 842 and the parasitic diode 844. As a result, it can be considered that the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is proportional to the current flowing through the transistor 510 and the transistor 520. Therefore, by appropriately setting the resistance value of the constant current detection component 1020, or connecting a resistor having an appropriate resistance value in series with the current detection component 1020 between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210, the determination unit 310 and the signal generation unit 330 can be used as an overcurrent protection circuit.

[0315] Fig.13 An example of the circuit configuration of the module control unit 1040 is schematically shown. Fig.13 The module control unit 1040 disclosed in the invention has a resistor 1310 between the current detection components 1020 and 120. Fig.12 The module control unit 1040 described above is different. Regarding the configuration other than the above-mentioned differences, Fig.13 The module control unit 1040 disclosed in Fig.12 The corresponding configuration of the module control unit 1040 described above has the same features.

[0316] As described above, by appropriately setting the resistance value of the resistor 1310, the determination unit 310 and the signal generating unit 330 can be used as an overcurrent protection circuit. The resistance value of the resistor 1310 is determined, for example, in such a way that the determination unit 310 can reliably determine whether the value of the load current converges to a predetermined numerical range. In addition, the resistor 1310 can also be used as a current detection component instead of the current detection component 1020. In this case, the storage module 1010 may not include the current detection component 1020.

[0317] Fig.14 An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 1410 is schematically shown. In this embodiment, the power storage module 1410 includes a voltage regulator 1430, and the module control unit 1040 controls the operation of the voltage regulator 1430, which is different from the power storage module 1010. Regarding the configuration other than the above-mentioned difference, the power storage module 1410 may have the same features as the corresponding configuration of the power storage module 1010. The voltage regulator 1430 may be an example of the first switch component and the second switch component.

[0318] Fig.15 An example of the circuit configuration of the voltage adjustment unit 1430 is schematically shown. Fig.15 An example of the circuit configuration of the module control unit 1040 of the power storage module 1410 is schematically shown.

[0319] In this embodiment, the voltage regulator 1430 includes a transistor 1522 and a resistor 1524. In this embodiment, the voltage regulator 1430 includes a transistor 1542 and a resistor 1544. The transistor 1522 may be an example of a first switch element. The transistor 1542 may be an example of a second switch element.

[0320] In this embodiment, the signal generating unit 330 (not shown) of the module control unit 1040 of the power storage module 1410 includes an AND circuit 1552 and an AND circuit 1554, which is different from the module control unit 1040 of the power storage module 1010. Regarding the configuration other than the above-mentioned difference, the module control unit 1040 of the power storage module 1410 may have the same features as the corresponding configuration of the module control unit 1040 of the power storage module 1010.

[0321] In this embodiment, the transistor 1522 is connected in parallel with the switching unit 230 between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. For example, one end of the transistor 1522 is electrically connected to one end of the switching unit 230. One end of the transistor 1522 may be electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the positive terminal 112. On the other hand, the other end of the transistor 1522 is electrically connected to the other end of the switching unit 230. The other end of the transistor 1522 may also be electrically connected to the power storage unit 210.

[0322] According to the present embodiment, the power storage module can be easily hot-swapped. However, for example, when the power storage system 100 is a device that is used less frequently, such as an emergency power supply, it may take time for the replaced power storage module to be electrically connected to the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 after replacing a part of the plurality of power storage modules included in the power storage system 100. Even in such a case, the transistor 1522 can electrically connect the wiring 106 to the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1410 at any time.

[0323] In this embodiment, the resistor 1524 determines the magnitude of the current flowing through the transistor 1522 when the transistor 1522 is turned on. The resistance value of the resistor 1524 is determined so that when the transistor 1522 is turned on, a large current does not flow through the transistor 1522. In one embodiment, the resistance value of the resistor 1524 is determined so that the resistance value of the path electrically connecting the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 via the transistor 1522 is greater than the resistance value of the path electrically connecting the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 via the switch unit 230.

[0324] In another embodiment, the resistance value of the resistor 1524 can be determined based on "the time required to charge the power storage unit 210 from the first SOC to the second SOC at a specific charging voltage when the transistor 1522 is turned on." For example, the first SOC is 25% and the second SOC is 75%. It can also be that the first SOC is 20% and the second SOC is 80%. It can also be that the first SOC is 10% and the second SOC is 90%. It can also be that the first SOC is 0% and the second SOC is 100%. As the time, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 ​​hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 10 days, 15 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, etc. can be exemplified.

[0325] In the present embodiment, one end of the transistor 1542 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 212 of the power storage unit 210, and the other end is electrically connected to the negative terminal 214 of the power storage unit 210 or the reference potential. Thus, the power storage unit 210 can be discharged at any time. As a result, the transistor 1542 can adjust the difference between the voltage of the wiring 106 and the voltage of the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1410 at any time. For example, even if the power storage system 100 is a device with a low frequency of use, the power storage module 1410 can electrically connect the wiring 106 to the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1410 at any time.

[0326] In this embodiment, the resistor 1544 determines the magnitude of the current flowing through the transistor 1542 when the transistor 1542 is turned on. The resistance value of the resistor 1544 is determined in such a manner that a large current does not flow through the transistor 1542 when the transistor 1542 is turned on. In one embodiment, the resistance value of the resistor 1544 is determined in such a manner that the resistance value of the path electrically connecting one end and the other end of the power storage unit 210 via the transistor 1542 is greater than the resistance value of the path electrically connecting the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 via the switching unit 230.

[0327] In another embodiment, the resistance value of the resistor 1544 can be determined based on "the time required to charge the power storage unit 210 from the first SOC to the second SOC when the transistor 1542 is turned on". For example, the first SOC is 75% and the second SOC is 25%. It can also be that the first SOC is 80% and the second SOC is 20%. It can also be that the first SOC is 90% and the second SOC is 10%. It can also be that the first SOC is 100% and the second SOC is 0%. As the time, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 ​​hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 10 days, 15 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, etc. can be exemplified.

[0328] In this embodiment, the AND circuit 1552 has two input terminals and one output terminal. A signal obtained by inverting the signal 88 for activating the overcharge protection function is input to one input terminal of the AND circuit 1552. The output from the L terminal of the determination unit 310 is input to the other input terminal of the AND circuit 1552. The AND circuit 1552 outputs the logical product of the two inputs. The signal 92 output from the AND circuit 1552 is input to the input terminal of the transistor 1522.

[0329] In this embodiment, AND circuit 1554 has two input terminals and one output terminal. A signal obtained by inverting signal 86 for activating the over-discharge protection function is input to one input terminal of AND circuit 1554. The output from the H terminal of determination unit 310 is input to the other input terminal of AND circuit 1554. AND circuit 1554 outputs the logical product of the two inputs. Signal 94 output from AND circuit 1554 is input to the input terminal of transistor 1522.

[0330] Thus, the module control unit 1040 can control the operation of the transistor 1522 based on, for example, (i) the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210, (ii) the voltage of the wiring 106, and (iii) the voltage of the positive terminal 212 of the storage unit 210. In addition, the module control unit 1040 can control the operation of the transistor 1542 based on, for example, (i) the voltage or SOC of the storage unit 210, (ii) the voltage of the wiring 106, and (iii) the voltage of the positive terminal 212 of the storage unit 210.

[0331] Fig.16 An example of the voltage adjustment unit 1430 is schematically shown. Fig.16 The voltage adjustment unit 1430 disclosed in the related art has a bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 instead of the transistor 1522 and the resistor 1544. Fig.15 The voltage adjustment unit 1430 described above is different. Regarding the configuration other than the above-mentioned differences, Fig.16 The voltage adjustment unit 1430 disclosed in Fig.15 The corresponding configuration of the voltage adjustment unit 1430 described above has the same features.

[0332] In the present embodiment, the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 is connected in parallel with the switching unit 230 between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210. For example, one end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 is electrically connected to one end of the switching unit 230. One end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 may also be electrically connected to the wiring 106 via the positive terminal 112. On the other hand, the other end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 is electrically connected to the other end of the switching unit 230. The other end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 may also be electrically connected to the power storage unit 210.

[0333] The rated current value of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 may be less than the rated current value of the switching unit 230. The specifications of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 may be determined based on "the time required to charge the storage unit 210 from the first SOC to the second SOC when the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 is actuated". For example, the first SOC is 25% and the second SOC is 75%. It may also be that the first SOC is 20% and the second SOC is 80%. It may also be that the first SOC is 10% and the second SOC is 90%. It may also be that the first SOC is 0% and the second SOC is 100%. As the time, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 ​​hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 10 days, 15 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, etc. may be exemplified.

[0334] The specification of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 can be determined based on "the time required to charge the power storage unit 210 from the first SOC to the second SOC when the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 is actuated". For example, the first SOC is 75% and the second SOC is 25%. It can also be that the first SOC is 80% and the second SOC is 20%. It can also be that the first SOC is 90% and the second SOC is 10%. It can also be that the first SOC is 100% and the second SOC is 0%. As the time, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 ​​hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 10 days, 15 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, etc. can be exemplified. As the specification of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630, the rated current value, the rated power value, etc. can be exemplified.

[0335] In the case of using a bidirectional DC-DC converter to completely replace the switching unit 230, a large and expensive bidirectional DC-DC converter is used. However, according to the present embodiment, the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 is used, for example, during a stop of the power storage system 100 to transfer electric energy from one power storage module 1410 to another power storage module 1410. Therefore, compared with the case of using a bidirectional DC-DC converter to completely replace the switching unit 230, there is no problem even if the capacity of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 is greatly reduced.

[0336] In the present embodiment, the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 is controlled by the module control unit 1040. The module control unit 1040 controls the operation of the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 based on (i) the voltage or SOC of the power storage unit 210, (ii) the voltage of the wiring 106, and (iii) the voltage of the positive terminal 212 of the power storage unit 210, for example.

[0337] According to the present embodiment, the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 can transfer electric energy from the power storage unit 210 to the wiring 106 at any time. In addition, the bidirectional DC-DC converter 1630 can transfer electric energy from the wiring 106 to the wiring 210 at any time.

[0338] Fig.17An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 1710 is schematically shown. In this embodiment, when the module control unit 1040 determines to release at least one of the interlock of the over-discharge protection and the interlock of the over-charge protection, the power storage module 1710 sends at least one of the reset signal of the over-discharge protection and the reset signal of the over-charge protection to the protection unit 250, which is different from the power storage module 1410 and the like. In addition, when the protection unit 250 receives the reset signal, the power storage module 1710 controls the switching unit 230 and releases at least one of the interlock of the over-discharge protection and the interlock of the over-charge protection, which is different from the power storage module 1410 and the like. Regarding the configuration other than the above-mentioned difference, the power storage module 1710 may have the same features as the corresponding configuration of the power storage module 1410 and the like.

[0339] In the above-described embodiments, the details of the power storage system 100 are described by taking as an example the case where the switching units such as the switching unit 230, the switching unit 630, and the switching unit 730 are arranged inside the power storage module 110, the power storage module 710, the power storage module 1010, the power storage module 1410, and the power storage module 1710. However, the power storage system 100 is not limited to the above-described embodiments.

[0340] In another embodiment, the switching unit may be arranged outside the power storage module. For example, the switching unit is arranged between the connection terminal 102 of the power storage system 100 and the positive terminal of each power storage module. The switching unit may be arranged between the connection terminal 104 of the power storage system 100 and the negative terminal of each power storage module. The switching unit arranged inside or outside each power storage module is sometimes referred to as a switching unit corresponding to each power storage module.

[0341] Fig.18 An example of the system configuration of the power storage module 1810 is schematically shown. Fig.18 An example of a state in which the power storage system 100 including the power storage module 1810 is electrically connected to the load device 12 is schematically shown. Fig.18 As shown, when the load device 12 and the power storage system 100 are electrically connected, one end of the load device 12 is electrically connected to the connection terminal 102 of the power storage system 100 , and the other end of the load device 12 is electrically connected to the connection terminal 104 of the power storage system 100 .

[0342] In the present embodiment, the power storage module 1810 is provided with a pre-charging unit 1820, which is different from the power storage module 110, the power storage module 710, the power storage module 1010, the power storage module 1410, or the power storage module 1710. Regarding the configuration other than the above-mentioned difference, the power storage module 1810 may have the same features as the corresponding configuration of the above-mentioned power storage module. Since the power storage module 1810 is provided with the pre-charging unit 1820, it is possible to suppress the inrush current generated immediately after the load device 12 is powered on. The pre-charging unit 1820 may be an example of a limiting unit.

[0343] In the present embodiment, the load device 12 includes a switch 1804, a load 1802, and a capacitor 1806. In the present embodiment, the load 1802 consumes the electric power supplied from the power storage system 100. The load 1802 may include a resistance load.

[0344] In this embodiment, the switch 1804 is connected in series with the load 1802. The switch 1804 switches the electrical connection relationship between the load 1802 and the power storage system 100. The switch 1804 can be a switch used to start the load device 12. The switch 1804 can be a manual switch, or a switch component such as a relay, a thyristor, or a transistor.

[0345] In this embodiment, capacitor 1806 is connected in parallel with load 1802 and switch 1804 between one end and the other end of load device 12. Capacitor 1806 is provided, for example, to remove noise of a converter or a motor, etc. Capacitor 1806 may be an example of a capacitive load.

[0346] In the present embodiment, the pre-charging unit 1820 is connected in parallel with the switching unit 230 between the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 and the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1810. The pre-charging unit 1820 may have a resistance greater than that of the switching unit 230. That is, the resistance value when the current flows through the pre-charging unit 1820 between the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 is greater than the resistance value when the current flows through the switching unit 230. Thus, even when the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor 1806 is lower than the voltage between the terminals of the power storage unit 210, the capacitor 1806 can be pre-charged with a current having a smaller current value. As a result, the generation of the inrush current is suppressed.

[0347] In the present embodiment, the pre-charging unit 1820 allows a current to pass in a direction from the power storage unit 210 to the wiring 106. On the other hand, the pre-charging unit 1820 suppresses a current from passing in a direction from the wiring 106 to the power storage unit 210. For example, the pre-charging unit 1820 does not allow a current to pass in a direction from the wiring 106 to the power storage unit 210. Thus, even when a charging current equivalent to the charge from 112 flows after startup, overcharging of the power storage unit 210 can be prevented.

[0348] In addition, Fig.18 In the illustrated embodiment, the power storage system 100 may include a power storage module 1810 and other power storage modules (not shown). In this case, the power storage module 1810 and the other power storage modules are connected in parallel via the wiring 106. When the power storage system 100 includes a plurality of power storage modules, all the power storage modules included in the power storage system 100 may include the pre-charging unit 1820, or only a single power storage module may include the pre-charging unit 1820.

[0349] The pre-charging unit 1820 may be detachably disposed with respect to the power storage module 1810. For example, the pre-charging unit 1820 may be mounted on the power storage module 1810 before the load device 12 is connected to the power storage system 100.

[0350] When the load device 12 is connected to the power storage system 100, the difference between the terminal voltage of the capacitor 1806 and the terminal voltage of the power storage unit 210 is relatively large, and when the terminal voltage of the switching unit 230 is greater than a predetermined value, the switching unit 230 electrically disconnects the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 and the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1810. At this time, according to the present embodiment, power is supplied from the power storage unit 210 to the capacitor 1806 of the load device 12 via the pre-charging unit 1820.

[0351] Thus, capacitor 1806 of load device 12 is precharged, and the voltage between the terminals of capacitor 1806 increases. As a result, the difference between the voltage between the terminals of capacitor 1806 and the voltage between the terminals of power storage unit 210 decreases. In addition, the voltage between the terminals of switching unit 230 becomes smaller than a predetermined value.

[0352] When the voltage between the terminals of the switch unit 230 is less than a predetermined value, the switch unit 230 electrically connects the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 to the power storage unit 210 of the power storage module 1810. After the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 are electrically connected, the pre-charging unit 1820 may be removed from the power storage module 1810.

[0353] Fig.19 The following schematically shows an example of the internal structure of the pre-charging unit 1820. In the present embodiment, the pre-charging unit 1820 includes a switch 1930, a current amount limiting unit 1940, and a current direction limiting unit 1950. The switch 1930 may be an example of a connecting unit.

[0354] In the present embodiment, the switch 1930 is connected in series with the current amount limiting unit 1940 and the current direction limiting unit 1950. When the switch 1930 is turned on, the switch 1930 electrically connects the current amount limiting unit 1940 and the current direction limiting unit 1950 of the pre-charging unit 1820, and the storage unit 210 of the storage module 1810, to the wiring 106 of the storage system 100. On the other hand, when the switch 1930 is turned off, the switch 1930 electrically disconnects the current amount limiting unit 1940 and the current direction limiting unit 1950 of the pre-charging unit 1820, and the storage unit 210 of the storage module 1810 from the wiring 106 of the storage system 100.

[0355] The switch 1930 can be operated manually or automatically. The switch 1930 can be a manual switch or a switch component such as a relay, a thyristor, or a transistor.

[0356] In this embodiment, the current limiting unit 1940 limits the current flowing through the pre-charging unit 1820. The current limiting unit 1940 may have a greater resistance than the switching unit 230. The current limiting unit 1940 may have at least one of a fixed resistor, a variable resistor, a constant current circuit, and a constant power circuit.

[0357] In this embodiment, the current direction limiting unit 1950 is connected in series with the current amount limiting unit 1940. The current direction limiting unit 1950 allows the current to pass in the direction from the power storage unit 210 to the wiring 106. On the other hand, the current direction limiting unit 1950 does not allow the current to pass in the direction from the wiring 106 to the power storage unit 210. The current direction limiting unit 1950 may include a diode. The diode may be arranged so that the direction from the power storage unit 210 to the wiring 106 becomes the forward direction.

[0358] In this embodiment, the precharge unit 1820 may operate according to a control signal output by at least one of the system control unit 140 and the module control unit 240. The system control unit 140 may be an example of a switching control unit and a restriction control unit. The module control unit 240 may be an example of a switching control unit and a restriction control unit.

[0359] As described above, the switching unit 230 switches the electrical connection relationship between the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210 of the storage module 1810. When the difference between the terminal voltage of the capacitor 1806 and the terminal voltage of the storage unit 210 of the storage module 1810 is relatively large, when the load device 12 and the storage system 100 are electrically connected, the wiring 106 and the storage unit 210 of the storage module 1810 are electrically connected, and there is a possibility that an inrush current flows into the load device 12 and the storage system 100.

[0360] Therefore, at least one of the system control unit 140 and the module control unit 240 can control the operation of the pre-charging unit 1820 so as to be linked to the operation of the switching unit 230. As described above, at least one of the system control unit 140 and the module control unit 240 controls the switching unit 230 so that the switching unit 230 electrically connects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 satisfies a predetermined condition. In addition, at least one of the system control unit 140 and the module control unit 240 controls the switching unit 230 so that the switching unit 230 electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the power storage unit 210 when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 does not satisfy a predetermined condition. The predetermined condition may be a condition that the value of the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 is less than a predetermined value.

[0361] According to the present embodiment, the system control unit 140 determines whether the connection terminals 102 and 104 of the power storage system 100 are physically or electrically connected to the load device 12. For example, the system control unit 140 determines whether the connection terminals 102 and 104 of the power storage system 100 are physically or electrically connected to the load device 12 by using a switch or a detector installed by mechanical structure detection.

[0362] When it is determined that the connection terminals 102 and 104 of the power storage system 100 are not physically or electrically connected to the load device 12, the system control unit 140 may send a control signal indicating that the power storage unit 210 of each power storage module is electrically disconnected from the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 to the module control units 240 of all the power storage modules included in the power storage system 100. When receiving the control signal from the system control unit 140, the module control unit 240 of each power storage module controls the switching unit 230 of each power storage module so that the switching unit 230 electrically disconnects the power storage unit 210 of each power storage module from the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100.

[0363] Thus, the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100 is electrically disconnected from the power storage units 210 of all the power storage modules before the power storage system 100 is electrically connected to the load device 12. Furthermore, when the power storage system 100 is started, the power storage units 210 of all the power storage modules included in the power storage system 100 are electrically disconnected from the wiring 106 of the power storage system 100.

[0364] In this case, the system control unit 140 may send a control signal indicating that the switch 1930 of the pre-charging unit 1820 is turned on to at least one module control unit 240 of the storage module including the pre-charging unit 1820 among the one or more storage modules included in the storage system 100. The system control unit 140 may also send a control signal indicating that the switch 1930 of the pre-charging unit 1820 is turned on to the module control unit 240 of the storage module having the smallest battery voltage of the storage unit 210 among the one or more storage modules including the pre-charging unit 1820.

[0365] The module control unit 240, which receives the control signal from the system control unit 140, controls the switch 1930 of each power storage module to turn on the switch 1920. Thus, even when the switching unit 230 electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the corresponding power storage unit 210, the switch 1930 electrically connects the current amount limiting unit 1940, the current direction limiting unit 1950, the power storage unit 210, and the wiring 106.

[0366] When the power storage system 100 and the load device 12 are electrically connected, the capacitor 1806 of the load device 12 is precharged with a relatively small current. When the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor 1806 increases due to the precharge, the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit 230 satisfies the predetermined condition in at least one of the one or more power storage modules included in the power storage system 100. As a result, the switching unit 230 electrically connects the corresponding power storage unit 210 to the wiring 106.

[0367] When the switching unit 230 electrically connects the corresponding power storage unit 210 to the wiring 106, the system control unit 140 may send a control signal indicating to turn off the switch 1930 to the module control unit 240 of the power storage module including the pre-charging unit 1820 in which the switch 1930 is turned on. The module control unit 240 that receives the control signal from the system control unit 140 controls the corresponding switch 1930 to turn off the switch 1930.

[0368] In addition, in this embodiment, the details of the power storage system 100 are described by taking as an example the case where the system control unit 140 sends the control signal when it is determined that the connection terminals 102 and 104 of the power storage system 100 are not physically or electrically connected to the load device 12. However, the power storage system 100 is not limited to this embodiment.

[0369] In another embodiment, when the system control unit 140 determines that the connection terminals 102 and 104 of the power storage system 100 are physically connected to the load device 12, or when it is determined that the connection terminals 102 and 104 of the power storage system 100 can be electrically connected to the load device 12, the system control unit 140 may send a control signal indicating that the switch 1930 of the pre-charging unit 1820 is turned on to at least one module control unit 240 of the power storage module including the pre-charging unit 1820 among the one or more power storage modules included in the power storage system 100. Thus, even when the switching unit 230 electrically disconnects the wiring 106 and the corresponding power storage unit 210, the switch 1930 electrically connects the current amount limiting unit 1940, the current direction limiting unit 1950, the power storage unit 210, and the wiring 106.

[0370] Fig. 20 An example of the circuit configuration of the precharge unit 1820 is schematically shown. Fig. 20 An example of the pre-charging unit 1820 is shown together with the switching unit 230 and the power storage unit 210. In the present embodiment, the pre-charging unit 1820 includes a switch 1930, a fixed resistor 2040, and a diode 2050. In the present embodiment, the switch 1930, the fixed resistor 2040, and the diode 2050 are connected in series. The fixed resistor 2040 can be used as a resistive load. In the present embodiment, the diode 2050 is configured so that the direction from the power storage unit 210 to the wiring 106 becomes a forward direction. The fixed resistor 2040 can be an example of a current amount limiting unit. The diode 2050 can be an example of a current direction limiting unit.

[0371] Fig.21 An example of the circuit configuration of the precharge unit 1820 is schematically shown. Fig.21 An example of precharge unit 1820 is shown together with switch unit 230 and power storage unit 210 . In this embodiment, one end of switch unit 230 is connected to positive electrode terminal 112 . The other end of switch unit 230 is connected to one end of power storage unit 210 . The other end of power storage unit 210 is connected to negative electrode terminal 114 .

[0372] In this embodiment, the precharge unit 1820 includes a switch 1930, a constant power circuit 2140, and a diode 2050. In this embodiment, the switch 1930, the constant power circuit 2140, and the diode 2050 are connected in series. The constant power circuit 2140 may be an example of a current limiting unit.

[0373] In this embodiment, the constant power circuit 2140 includes a transistor 2152, a fixed resistor 2154, a multiplier 2162, a fixed resistor 2164, a fixed resistor 2172, and a variable resistor 2174. In this embodiment, the diode 2050, the transistor 2152, the fixed resistor 2154, and the switch 1930 are connected in series. The diode 2050, the fixed resistor 2172, the variable resistor 2174, and the switch 1930 are connected in series. Between the diode 2050 and the switch 1930, the transistor 2152 and the fixed resistor 2154 are connected in parallel with the fixed resistor 2172 and the variable resistor 2174.

[0374] In this embodiment, one end of the diode 2050 is connected to one end of the power storage unit 210. The other end of the diode 2050 is connected to the collector of the transistor 2152. The emitter of the transistor 2152 is connected to one end of the fixed resistor 2154. The base of the transistor 2152 is connected to one end of the fixed resistor 2164. The other end of the fixed resistor 2154 is connected to one end of the switch 1930. The other end of the switch 1930 is connected to the positive terminal 112.

[0375] In this embodiment, one end of the diode 2050 is connected to one end of the fixed resistor 2172. The other end of the fixed resistor 2172 is connected to one end of the variable resistor 2174. The other end of the variable resistor 2174 is connected to one end of the switch 1930.

[0376] In this embodiment, one input terminal of the multiplier 2162 is connected to the other end of the fixed resistor 2172 and one end of the variable resistor 2174. Another input terminal of the multiplier 2162 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 2152 and one end of the fixed resistor 2154. An output terminal of the multiplier 2162 is connected to the other end of the fixed resistor 2164. Thus, the constant power circuit 2140 can be used as a constant power load.

[0377] Fig. 22 An example of the circuit configuration of the precharge unit 1820 is schematically shown. Fig. 22 An example of precharge unit 1820 is shown together with switch unit 230 and power storage unit 210 . In this embodiment, one end of switch unit 230 is connected to positive electrode terminal 112 . The other end of switch unit 230 is connected to one end of power storage unit 210 . The other end of power storage unit 210 is connected to negative electrode terminal 114 .

[0378] In this embodiment, the precharge unit 1820 includes a switch 1930, a constant current circuit 2240, and a diode 2050. In this embodiment, the switch 1930, the constant current circuit 2240, and the diode 2050 are connected in series. The constant current circuit 2240 can be an example of a current limiting unit.

[0379] In this embodiment, the constant current circuit 2240 includes a transistor 2152, a fixed resistor 2154, an operational amplifier 2262, a fixed resistor 2164, and a reference voltage circuit 2270. In this embodiment, the diode 2050, the transistor 2152, the fixed resistor 2154, and the switch 1930 are connected in series.

[0380] In this embodiment, one end of the diode 2050 is connected to one end of the power storage unit 210. The other end of the diode 2050 is connected to the collector of the transistor 2152. The emitter of the transistor 2152 is connected to one end of the fixed resistor 2154. The base of the transistor 2152 is connected to one end of the fixed resistor 2164. The other end of the fixed resistor 2154 is connected to one end of the switch 1930. The other end of the switch 1930 is connected to the positive terminal 112.

[0381] In this embodiment, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 2262 is connected to the positive electrode of the reference voltage circuit 2270. The negative electrode of the reference voltage circuit 2270 is connected to one end of the switch 1930 and the other end of the fixed resistor 2154. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 2262 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 2152 and one end of the fixed resistor 2154. The output terminal of the operational amplifier 2262 is connected to the other end of the fixed resistor 2164. Thus, the constant current circuit 2240 can be used as a constant current load.

[0382] Fig.23 An example of the internal structure of the pre-charging unit 1820 is schematically shown. Fig.21 An example of the precharge unit 1820 is shown together with the switch unit 230 and the power storage unit 210. In the present embodiment, one end of the switch unit 230 is connected to the positive electrode terminal 112 and the connection terminal 2302. The other end of the switch unit 230 is connected to one end of the power storage unit 210 and the connection terminal 2304. The other end of the power storage unit 210 is connected to the negative electrode terminal 114.

[0383] Fig.23 The pre-charge unit 1820 shown is Figure 18 to Figure 22 The difference between the pre-charging unit 1820 shown is that it is detachably arranged relative to the switching unit 230 and does not include the switch 1930. Regarding the configuration other than the above-mentioned difference, Fig.23 The pre-charge unit 1820 shown may have Figure 18 to Figure 22 The corresponding configuration of the pre-charging unit 1820 shown in FIG. 1 has the same features. In addition, in another embodiment, Fig.23 The pre-charge unit 1820 shown can be connected with Figure 18 to Figure 22 The precharge unit 1820 shown in the figure also includes a switch 1930 .

[0384] In this embodiment, the precharge unit 1820 includes a current amount limiting unit 1940, a current direction limiting unit 1950, a connection terminal 2332, and a connection terminal 2334. The connection terminal 2332, the current amount limiting unit 1940, the current direction limiting unit 1950, and the connection terminal 2334 are directly connected. The connection terminal 2332 is detachably arranged relative to the connection terminal 2302. The connection terminal 2334 is detachably arranged relative to the connection terminal 2304. The connection terminals 2332 and 2334 may be an example of a connection unit.

[0385] The present invention has been described above using the embodiments, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the embodiments. It is clear to those skilled in the art that various changes or improvements can be made to the embodiments. In addition, within the scope of technical non-contradiction, matters described for a specific embodiment can be applied to other embodiments. It is clear from the description of the claims, etc. that forms to which such changes or improvements have been made are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

[0386] It should be noted that the execution order of each process such as actions, sequences, steps and stages in the devices, systems, procedures and methods shown in the claims, specifications and drawings can be implemented in any order as long as "earlier" or "preceding" is not specifically stated and the output of the pre-processing is not used in the post-processing. Although the action flow in the claims, specifications and drawings is explained by using "first," "next," etc. for convenience, it does not mean that it must be implemented in this order.

[0387] [Explanation of Symbols]

[0388] 12 Loading device

[0389] 14 Charging device

[0390] 52 Signal

[0391] 54 Signal

[0392] 82 Signal

[0393] 86 Signal

[0394] 88 Signal

[0395] 92 Signal

[0396] 94 Signal

[0397] 100 Power Storage System

[0398] 102 Connection terminals

[0399] 104 Connection terminals

[0400] 106 Wiring

[0401] 110 Storage Module

[0402] 112 Positive terminal

[0403] 114 Negative terminal

[0404] 120 Storage Module

[0405] 122 Positive terminal

[0406] 124 Negative terminal

[0407] 140 System Control Department

[0408] 210 Power storage unit

[0409] 212 Positive terminal

[0410] 214 Negative terminal

[0411] 222 Battery

[0412] 224 Battery

[0413] 230 Switching Department

[0414] 240 Module Control Unit

[0415] 250 Protection Department

[0416] 260 Balance Correction Department

[0417] 310 Judgment Department

[0418] 320 Receiving Department

[0419] 330 Signal generating unit

[0420] 340 module information acquisition unit

[0421] 350 module information storage unit

[0422] 360 module information sending unit

[0423] 410 Status Management Department

[0424] 420 Module Selection Department

[0425] 430 Signal Generator

[0426] 510 transistors

[0427] 512 Resistor

[0428] 514 Resistors

[0429] 516 Diode

[0430] 520 transistors

[0431] 522 Resistor

[0432] 524 Resistors

[0433] 526 diode

[0434] 530 transistors

[0435] 532 Resistors

[0436] 540 transistors

[0437] 542 Resistors

[0438] 552 Resistor

[0439] 554 Resistors

[0440] 560 transistors

[0441] 570 Capacitor

[0442] 572 Resistors

[0443] 580 transistors

[0444] 592 Switch

[0445] 594 Switch

[0446] 630 Switching Department

[0447] 632 Relay

[0448] 710 Storage Module

[0449] 730 Switching Department

[0450] 842 parasitic diode

[0451] 844 Parasitic diode

[0452] 852 Logic Circuits

[0453] 854 Logic Circuits

[0454] 900 Power storage system

[0455] 902 diode

[0456] 904 diode

[0457] 1010 Storage Module

[0458] 1020 Current Sense Component

[0459] 1040 Module Control Unit

[0460] 1120 Current monitoring unit

[0461] 1122 Current detection unit

[0462] 1124 Direction Decision Department

[0463] 1260 OR Circuit

[0464] 1272 AND Circuit

[0465] 1274 AND Circuit

[0466] 1282 OR Circuit

[0467] 1284 OR Circuit

[0468] 1310 Resistor

[0469] 1410 Storage Module

[0470] 1430 Voltage Regulation Unit

[0471] 1522 Transistors

[0472] 1524 Resistors

[0473] 1542 Transistors

[0474] 1544 Resistors

[0475] 1552 AND Circuit

[0476] 1554 AND Circuit

[0477] 1630 Bidirectional DC-DC Converter

[0478] 1710 Storage Module

[0479] 1802 Load

[0480] 1804 Switch

[0481] 1806 Capacitor

[0482] 1810 Storage Module

[0483] 1820 Pre-charge unit

[0484] 1930 Switch

[0485] 1940 Current Limiting Unit

[0486] 1950 Current direction limiting unit

[0487] 2040 Fixed Resistor

[0488] 2050 Diode

[0489] 2140 Constant Power Circuit

[0490] 2152 Transistor

[0491] 2154 Fixed resistor

[0492] 2162 Multiplier

[0493] 2164 Fixed resistor

[0494] 2172 Fixed resistor

[0495] 2174 Variable resistor

[0496] 2240 Constant Current Circuit

[0497] 2262 Operational Amplifier

[0498] 2270 Reference Voltage Circuit

[0499] 2302 Connection Terminals

[0500] 2304 Connection Terminals

[0501] 2332 Connection Terminals

[0502] 2334 Connection Terminals

Claims

1. A power storage system, characterized in that: have: a switching unit disposed between a power storage unit and a wiring of a power storage device, and switching an electrical connection relationship between the wiring and the power storage unit, wherein the power storage device is configured to be connectable in parallel with another power supply device, and the wiring electrically connects the power storage device and the other power supply device; as well as a limiting unit connected in parallel with the switching unit between the wiring and the power storage unit, having a resistance greater than that of the switching unit, and allowing current to pass in a direction from the power storage unit to the wiring and suppressing current from passing in a direction from the wiring to the power storage unit; The limiting portion has: a current limiting unit that limits the current amount of the current flowing through the limiting unit; a current direction limiting unit connected in series with the current amount limiting unit and allowing current to pass in a direction from the power storage unit to the wiring line and preventing current from passing in a direction from the wiring line to the power storage unit; The limiting unit further includes a connecting unit, the connecting unit being connected in series with the current amount limiting unit and the current direction limiting unit, and electrically connecting the current amount limiting unit, the current direction limiting unit, the power storage unit, and the wiring; The power storage system further comprises: a switching control unit that controls the switching unit; and a restriction control unit, which controls the restriction unit; The switching control unit controls the switching unit in the following manner: (i) when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit satisfies a predetermined condition, the switching unit electrically connects the wiring and the power storage unit; (ii) when the voltage between the terminals of the switching unit does not satisfy the predetermined condition, the switching unit electrically disconnects the wiring and the power storage unit; The restriction control unit controls the connection unit so as to electrically connect the current amount restriction unit, the current direction restriction unit, the power storage unit, and the wiring when the switching unit electrically disconnects the wiring and the power storage unit.

2. The power storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current limiting unit includes at least one of a fixed resistor, a variable resistor, a constant current circuit, and a constant power circuit.

3. The power storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The restriction control unit controls the connection unit so that after the switching unit electrically connects the wiring and the power storage unit, the connection unit electrically disconnects the current amount restriction unit, the current direction restriction unit, and the power storage unit from the wiring.

4. The power storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting control unit controls the connecting unit in the following manner: when the power storage system is electrically connected to a load device outside the power storage system, or before the power storage system is electrically connected to a load device outside the power storage system, the connecting unit electrically connects the current amount limiting unit, the current direction limiting unit, the power storage unit, and the wiring.

5. The power storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The switching control unit controls the switching unit so that the switching unit electrically disconnects the wiring and the power storage unit before the power storage system is electrically connected to a load device outside the power storage system.

6. The power storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The restricting portion is detachably disposed with respect to one end and the other end of the switching portion.

7. The power storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The power storage device comprises: the switching unit and the limiting unit, and The power storage device is disposed detachably from the wiring.

Images