System and method for evaluating air purification systems

Abstract

The present application relates to systems and methods for evaluating air purification systems. A method for evaluating an air purification system. The method includes generating an air flow through a test filter using an air flow generator so that an upstream air flow exists on the upstream side of the test filter and a downstream air flow exists on the downstream side of the test filter. A plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air flow using a fluid injector. A pollutant measuring device is used to measure the downstream concentration of each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow. Based on the downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures, a test filter penetration curve is generated for each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The exemplary embodiments relate generally to air purification systems and, more particularly, to evaluating new air purification systems. Background Art

[0002] Typically, air cleaning systems are evaluated using standardized methods for gas cleaning defined in conventional test standards, including but not limited to ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) Standard 145.5. A typical evaluation of an air cleaning system using these conventional standards typically involves introducing a high concentration (e.g., typically greater than 1 ppm or in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 145.2) of a single contaminant through the air filter for a short period of time (e.g., approximately four hours) (or in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 145.2).

[0003] In some cases, conventional testing standards may overestimate the lifespan of air filters by, for example, misrepresenting the concentrations and sources of pollutants found in a specific environment. Misrepresentation of pollutant concentrations and sources can lead to incorrectly sized air purification systems for those specific environments and result in higher than expected levels of pollutants in a specific environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, an apparatus and method directed to at least addressing the above-mentioned problems would be useful.

[0005] The following is a non-exhaustive list of examples of subject matter according to the present disclosure that may or may not be claimed.

[0006] An example of the subject matter of the present disclosure relates to a method for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising: generating an air flow through a test filter using an air flow generator so that an upstream air flow exists on the upstream side of the test filter and a downstream air flow exists on the downstream side of the test filter; injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures into the upstream air flow using a fluid injector; measuring a downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow using a pollutant measuring device; and generating a test filter penetration curve for each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow based on the downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

[0007] Another example according to the subject matter of the present disclosure relates to a method for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising: generating, using a filter testing station, a penetration curve lookup table for a predetermined air flow rate and corresponding to a test filter having a predetermined filter volume and a predetermined filter media, wherein the penetration curves of the penetration curve lookup table are generated by: injecting, using the filter testing station, a plurality of pollutant mixtures into an upstream air flow on an upstream side of a test filter of the test filter, and measuring downstream concentrations of pollutants in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in a downstream air flow on a downstream side of the test filter; measuring, using the filter testing station, in-use filter downstream concentrations of pollutants of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow on a downstream side of a filter in use, the filter in use being at a predetermined service life and being taken from a first passenger vehicle; and determining the size of an air filtration for a second passenger vehicle based on a correlation between the predetermined service life and the performance of the filter in use, wherein the correlation is determined based on the in-use filter downstream concentrations and the penetration curve lookup table.

[0008] Yet another example according to the subject matter of the present disclosure relates to a method for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising: injecting, using a filter testing station, a plurality of pollutant mixtures into an upstream air flow upstream of an in-use filter, the in-use filter being at a predetermined service life and being taken from a first passenger vehicle; measuring, using the filter testing station, a concentration downstream of the in-use filter of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in a downstream air flow downstream of the in-use filter; and determining, based on a correlation between the predetermined service life and the performance of the in-use filter, a size for air filtration of a second passenger vehicle, wherein the correlation is determined based on the concentration downstream of the in-use filter and a penetration curve lookup table, wherein the penetration curve lookup table is generated using the plurality of pollutant mixtures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Having thus described examples of the present disclosure in general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale and in which like reference numerals represent the same or similar parts throughout the several views, and in which:

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a filter testing station 100 in a first configuration according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0011] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a filter testing station 100 in a second configuration according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0012] Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a passenger vehicle according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0013] Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of a second passenger vehicle according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0014] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a test chamber according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0015] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a test filter according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a filter in use according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a passenger vehicle filter according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 9A and 9B are exemplary breakthrough curves for compounds of various contaminant mixtures according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a penetration curve lookup table according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 11A and 11B is an exemplary flow chart of a method for evaluating an air purification system according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 12 is an exemplary flow chart of a method for evaluating an air purification system according to aspects of the present disclosure; and

[0022] Figure 13 is an exemplary flow chart of a method for evaluating an air purification system according to aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 Aspects of the present disclosure provide a filter test station 100 and a test method for evaluating an air purification system 420 of a passenger vehicle 400. Although the passenger vehicle 400 is illustrated as a commercial aircraft, in other aspects, the passenger vehicle can be any suitable vehicle, such as a military, commercial or civilian aircraft, a submersible, a marine / recreational watercraft, a spacecraft, and a motorized (e.g., armored and non-armored) vehicle. In other aspects, the present disclosure can be applied to air purification systems for building structures (e.g., residential and commercial buildings).

[0024] Aspects of the present disclosure evaluate an air purification system 420 based on a multi-pollutant challenge, wherein a plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 are used to generate a breakthrough curve, wherein the pollutants in the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 interact with each other in a competitive adsorption environment to occupy positions on a test filter 600 (i.e., a test air purification filter) through which the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 pass. The breakthrough curve (e.g., in adsorption) represents the evolution of the effluent adsorption concentration at the outlet of a fixed bed absorber (e.g., an air purification filter) and is generated by selecting pollutants from the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 and simultaneously introducing the pollutants of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 into the test filter 600 at predetermined low concentrations (as described herein) for an extended period of time (as described herein) to simulate (i.e., simulate / emulate) the environment of a passenger vehicle 400 in which the air purification system 420 will be employed (i.e., the types of pollutants mixed and their relative concentrations in the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 simulate the actual or calculated pollutant mixture of the environment of the passenger vehicle 400).

[0025] Also refer to Figure 2 Various aspects of the present disclosure utilize testing of in-use filters 700 (i.e., air purification filters obtained from in-use passenger vehicles with predetermined in-use filter service lives) using a filter testing station 100 in combination with breakthrough curves to determine the air filtration size of a passenger vehicle 400.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The filter testing station 100 includes any suitable ductwork 190 (e.g., a conduit) through which fluid may flow. The ductwork has an air inlet 191 and an air outlet 192. The air inlet 191 may include any suitable pre-filter to scrub the air of any undesirable particles / contaminants before injecting the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 into the upstream air stream, and / or any suitable sensor to determine the composition of the upstream air before injecting the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110. Any suitable temperature and relative humidity controller 193 (e.g., a heat exchanger, a humidifier, a dryer, etc.) is adjacent to the air inlet 191 for conditioning the air introduced into the filter testing station 100 to any suitable predetermined temperature and humidity (e.g., the desired temperature and relative humidity of the environment of the passenger vehicle 400). The filter holder 180 is disposed within the ductwork 190 between the air outlet 192 and the temperature and relative humidity controller 193 to define upstream and downstream portions of the filter testing station 100 (i.e., relative to the filter holder 180). The filter holder 180 is configured to hold one of the test filter 600 and the in-use filter 700 within the tubing 190 .

[0027] The filter testing station 100 includes any suitable air flow generator 120, such as a fan. The air flow generator 120 can be a downstream air flow generator 120D located in the ductwork 190 downstream of the filter holder 180; however, in other aspects, the air flow generator 120 can be an upstream air flow generator 120U located in the ductwork 190 upstream of the filter holder 180; however, in still other aspects, the air flow generator 120 can include both a downstream air flow generator 120D and an upstream air flow generator 120U. The downstream air flow generator 120D is configured to pull air through the test filter 600 or the filter in use 700 held by the filter holder 180. The upstream air flow generator 120U is configured to push air through the test filter 600 or the filter in use 700 held by the filter holder 180. One or more of the downstream air flow generator 120D and the upstream air flow generator 120U can be used to simulate the configuration of the air purification system 320 of the passenger vehicle 300 in use from which the filter 700 in use was obtained, or to simulate the configuration of the air purification system 420 of the passenger vehicle 400 being evaluated. The air flow generator 120 can be coupled (e.g., wirelessly or through a wired connection) to any suitable controller 182 so that the flow rate (e.g., mass flow rate) of at least the upstream air flow 199U within the duct system 190 (i.e., upstream of the filter holder 180 and any filters held by the filter holder 180) can be increased or decreased.

[0028] The filter testing station 100 includes a contaminant container 111 for containing a plurality of contaminant mixtures 110 as a premixed liquid 110L or a premixed gas 110G. The contaminant container 111 is coupled to a fluid injector 150. The fluid injector 150 has a port 151 that is at least partially disposed within the ductwork 190 and is configured to inject the plurality of contaminant mixtures 110 into an upstream airflow 199U within the ductwork 190 upstream of the filter holder 180 and into any filters held by the filter holder 180. Any suitable valve 152 may be coupled to and disposed between the contaminant container 111 and the fluid injector 150 to meter the flow rate (e.g., mass flow rate) of the plurality of contaminant mixtures 110 injected into the upstream airflow 199U. In the case where the plurality of contaminant mixtures 110 are provided as the premixed liquid 110L, the fluid injector 150 may include a pump 153 configured to cause the plurality of contaminant mixtures 110 to flow from the contaminant container 111 through the port 151. The fluid injector may further include a heater 154 configured to heat the premixed liquid 110L and change the state of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 from the premixed liquid 110L to a gaseous state such that the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 exit the port 150 as a gas. In the case where the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 are provided as a premixed gas 110G, the pollutant container 111 may be pressurized such that the pressure of the premixed gas 110G within the pollutant container 111 causes the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 to pass through the valve 152 and exit the port 151. In other aspects, each pollutant 110I1-110In of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 may be provided separately in liquid or gaseous form, wherein each separate pollutant is metered through the valve 152 (in this aspect, which includes a valve for each pollutant) and injected through the port 151 into the upstream air flow 199U within the ductwork 190 upstream of the filter holder 180 and any filters held by the filter holder 180. Note that references herein to each pollutant are references to each pollutant type (ie, type of pollutant compound, not each pollutant particle / molecule).

[0029] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4, the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 may include any suitable pollutants found, for example, within a passenger compartment 310, 410 of a passenger vehicle 300 in use or a passenger vehicle 400 for which an air purification system is being developed or redesigned. In one aspect, the passenger compartment 310, 410 is an aircraft cabin. The types and relative concentrations of pollutants within the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 are based on in-use gas samples from the passenger compartment 310 of the passenger vehicle 300 in use, for example, during and / or between vehicle trips, which in the case of an airplane are flights of the aircraft. Also refer to Figure 5 The types and relative concentrations of pollutants within the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 may be based on a gas sample obtained from a test chamber 500 housing a human occupant 510. The types of pollutants comprising the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 may include, but are not limited to, at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatics, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogenous compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols, and mercaptans, mixed together in relative concentrations to simulate the environment within the passenger compartment 310 of a passenger vehicle 300 in use.

[0030] Still refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the filter test station 100 includes any suitable pollutant measuring device 140 configured to sense the fraction of pollutants / chemicals in the air. In one aspect, the pollutant measuring device 140 is a mass spectrometer 141; in other aspects, any suitable pollutant measuring device (e.g., a summa jar, Gas sampling tube, gas chromatograph, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, etc.). The pollutant measuring device 140 includes an upstream sensor 142 (e.g., a gas collector / sensor for collecting gas samples for pollutant measurement) disposed in the upstream air stream 199U upstream of the filter holder 180 and any filters held thereby. The pollutant measuring device 140 also includes a downstream sensor 143 (e.g., a gas collector / sensor for collecting gas samples for pollutant measurement) disposed in the downstream air stream 199D downstream of the filter holder 180 and any filters held thereby. The pollutant readings obtained from the pollutant measuring device by the upstream sensor 142 are used to adjust / dilute the mixture within the upstream air stream. The pollutant measuring device 140 can be coupled (wirelessly or by a wired connection) to the controller 182 so that the controller receives the sensed pollutant concentrations. The controller can be configured to operate the airflow generator 120 and / or the valve 152 to increase or decrease the flow rate of one or more of the upstream airflow 199U and the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 so that the concentration of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 within the upstream airflow 199U is substantially equal to or less than a predetermined concentration of 100 ppb. In other aspects, the controller 182 can present the sensed pollutant concentration to a user, who manually adjusts the flow rate of one or more of the upstream airflow 199U and the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 so that the concentration of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 within the upstream airflow 199U is substantially equal to or less than a predetermined concentration of 100 ppb. The pollutant readings from the pollutant measurement device obtained by the upstream sensor 142 and the downstream sensor 143 are used to generate the breakthrough curve.

[0031] The filter testing station 100 also includes any suitable air scrubbing unit 194 disposed upstream of the exhaust port 192. The air scrubbing unit 194 is configured to scrub or remove contaminants from the plurality of contaminant mixture 110 that may be present in the downstream air flow 199D before the downstream air flow 199D is discharged from the exhaust port 192 in any suitable manner.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 9A , Figure 9B , Figure 10 、 Figure 11A and Figure 11B A method for evaluating an air purification system 420 using a filter test station 100 includes generating an air flow (e.g., a flow generator 120) through a test filter 600. Figure 11A, block 1100). Air flow is generated such that upstream air flow 199U exists on the upstream side of test filter 600, while downstream air flow 199D exists on the downstream side of test filter 600. In one aspect, the air flow is pushed through test filter 600 by air flow generator 120; in other aspects, the air flow is pulled through test filter 600 by air flow generator 120; and in other aspects, the air flow can be both pushed and pulled through test filter 600 by air flow generator 120. Pushing and / or pulling air through the test filter can simulate the air purification system 320 of passenger vehicle 300 in use.

[0033] The plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 are injected into the upstream air flow using a fluid injector 150 ( Figure 11A , block 1110). In one aspect, the multiple pollutant mixtures 110 are provided to the fluid injector 150 as a premixed liquid or premixed gas, for example, in the manner described above; while in other aspects, each pollutant 110I1-110In in the multiple pollutant mixtures is provided to the fluid injector 150 individually in the manner described above. Providing the multiple pollutant mixtures 110 as premixed liquids or premixed gases allows for preset relative concentrations of the pollutants in the mixtures, simplifying deployment of the multiple pollutant mixtures 110. Providing each pollutant 110I1-110In in the multiple pollutant mixtures 110 individually allows for customization of the relative concentrations of the multiple pollutant mixtures 110 during deployment of the multiple pollutant mixtures 110. In one aspect, the multiple pollutant mixtures 110 are injected into the upstream airflow 199U at a fixed rate; while in other aspects, the multiple pollutant mixtures 110 are injected into the upstream airflow 199U at a varying rate. Injecting the multiple pollutant mixtures 110 at a fixed or varying rate can simulate the environment within the passenger compartment 310 at different operating points of the passenger vehicle 300 in use, for example.

[0034] The upstream concentration 110CU of each pollutant 110I1-110In in the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 in the upstream air flow 199U can be measured using a pollutant measuring device ( Figure 11A , block 1120). One or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 and the flow rate of the upstream air stream 199U may be adjusted based on the upstream concentration 110CU ( Figure 11B , block 1125) to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 to a predetermined upstream concentration. The predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 within the upstream air stream 199U. As described above, the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 may be diluted to a predetermined upstream concentration less than or equal to 100 parts per billion of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 within the upstream air stream 199U. Figure 3 ) of the passenger compartment 310 and / or based on gas samples drawn from the test chamber 500 housing a human occupant 510 ( Figure 5 ) and produce a mixture of pollutants ( Figure 11A , box 1115), such as during and / or between vehicle travel, in the case of an airplane, the travel is a flight of the airplane.

[0035] The pollutant measuring device 140 ( Figure 11A , block 1130) measures the downstream concentration 110CD of each pollutant 110I1-110In of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 in the downstream air flow 199D (i.e., the downstream concentration of each unfiltered pollutant type). Based on the downstream concentration 110CD of each pollutant 110I1-110In in the plurality of pollutant mixtures, a test filter breakthrough curve is generated for each pollutant 110I1-110In of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 in the downstream air flow 199D (e.g., see Example Breakthrough Curves). Figure 9A and Figure 9B )( Figure 11A , block 1140). The test filter 600 is a new filter (i.e., an unused filter that has never been placed in service within an in-service passenger vehicle 300), and downstream concentrations 110CD of each pollutant 110I1-110In in the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 are obtained over a period of hundreds to thousands of hours. Here, the breakthrough curve is generated based on a long period of low pollutant exposure, so that the breakthrough curve can accurately represent the environmental conditions within the passenger compartment 310 during the in-service use of the in-service passenger vehicle 300. For example, the breakthrough curve represents the performance characteristics of the filter media, the residence time (which may be affected by the size / volume of the filter and the air flow rate through the filter), and the concentration of the target pollutants and the nature of these pollutants. Each pollutant has a unique residence time and behaves differently with / interacts with the filter media, so a filter may perform well for one type of pollutant but poorly for another. A breakthrough curve based on a single pollutant type may lead one to believe that the filter is more efficient than it actually is. The breakthrough curve generated according to aspects of the present invention is generated in a competitive adsorption environment provided by a mixture of multiple pollutants 110, which is introduced into the test filter 600 at a low concentration (e.g., equal to or less than 100 ppb) for a long time, so that the breakthrough curve can indicate the actual performance of the test filter 600.

[0036] In one aspect, the time period during which downstream concentration 110CD of each pollutant of plurality of pollutant mixture 110 is obtained is a continuous time period; in other aspects, the time period is divided into several test intervals (i.e., where plurality of pollutant mixture 110 is provided to test filter 600), with periods of static test conditions (i.e., periods of substantially no air flow through test filter 600) between the test intervals; in other aspects, the time period is divided into several test intervals (i.e., where plurality of pollutant mixture 110 is provided to test filter 600), with periods of clean air flow (air flow through the filter without plurality of pollutant mixture 110) between the test intervals. The test intervals and periods of static test conditions and / or clean air flow are configured to simulate an excursion pattern of a passenger vehicle 300 in use.

[0037] Each test filter 600 includes a predetermined filter volume 610 (e.g., length, width, and thickness) that defines the test filter type and a predetermined filter media 630 (e.g., activated carbon, zeolite, metal organic framework, catalyst, etc.). Each test filter 600 is also manufactured by a respective filter manufacturer. A breakthrough curve is generated for each type of test filter 600 and corresponds to filters from different filter manufacturers (i.e., filter manufacturer A has a breakthrough curve for each filter type A, B, C, etc., filter manufacturer B has a breakthrough curve for each filter type A, B, C, etc., etc., etc.). The breakthrough curve can also correspond to the air flow rate through the test filter 600, where an increase in the air flow rate through the test filter 600 can decrease the residence time 620 of a test filter having the predetermined characteristics, while a decrease in the air flow rate through the test filter 600 can increase the residence time 620 of a test filter having the same predetermined characteristics. In this way, the breakthrough curve for each multiple contaminant mixture 110 can be categorized by one or more of filter type (i.e., filter volume and / or filter media), filter manufacturer (i.e., filter brand), residence time, and flow rate. These classified penetration curves may be generated by the controller 182 and stored in any suitable memory of the controller 182 to form a penetration curve lookup table 1000 ( Figure 10 For each configuration of multiple pollutant mixtures 110 constituting the components of the corresponding environment provided within the filter testing station 100 (i.e., each configuration having a different combination of pollutants and / or different concentrations of pollutants), a different set of breakthrough curve lookup tables may exist for each mass flow rate, each temperature, each pressure, and / or each relative humidity of the air flowing through the filter.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 9A 、 Figure 9B 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11A and Figure 11B , the air flow generator 120 is used to generate a second air flow ( Figure 11B , block 1150). A second air flow is generated such that an upstream air flow 199U exists on the upstream side of the filter 700 in use and a downstream air flow 199D exists on the downstream side of the filter 700 in use. The filter 700 in use is obtained from a first (i.e., in-use) passenger vehicle 300 at a predetermined useful life of the filter 700 in use having a known set of parameters. The known set of parameters includes, but is not limited to, a removal time of the filter 700 in use, an ambient composition within the passenger compartment 310 from which the filter in use was obtained, a filter medium 730 of the filter in use, a volume 710 of the filter 700 in use, a residence time 720 of the filter 700 in use (the residence time 720 being the same as the residence time of the test filter 600 ( Figure 6 )'s stay time 620( Figure 6 For exemplary purposes only, the in-use filter 700 may be removed from the in-use passenger vehicle 300 when the in-use filter 700 has a remaining useful life of about 30% to about 20%, or any other suitable predetermined time during the life of the in-use filter 700.

[0039] The multiple pollutant mixture 110 is injected by the fluid injector 150 ( Figure 11B , block 1160) into the upstream air stream 199U and using a pollutant measuring device to measure the filter downstream concentration 110CDS (in use) of each pollutant 110I1-110In of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 in the downstream air stream 199D. Figure 11B , box 1170). After taking into account the recovery period of off-gassing of the in-use filter 700 between the time the in-use filter 700 is obtained from the in-use passenger vehicle 300 and the time the in-use filter 700 is tested in the filter testing station 100, the in-use filter downstream concentration 110CDS of each pollutant 110I1-110In in the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 is obtained, thereby eliminating the off-gassing effect of the in-use filter downstream concentration 110CDS. In one aspect, the recovery period is in the range of fifty hours to one hundred hours; while in other aspects, the recovery period may be more than one hundred hours or less than fifty hours. The plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 provided to the in-use filter 700 is the same plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 provided to the test filter 600, and is tested in the same manner. Figure 11BIn the manner described above, the upstream concentration 110CU of each pollutant 110I1-110In in the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 in the upstream air flow 199U can be measured using a pollutant measuring device ( Figure 11A , block 1120). One or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 and the flow rate of the upstream air stream 199U may be adjusted based on the upstream concentration 110CU ( Figure 11B , block 1125 ), to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixture 110 to a predetermined upstream concentration. The predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion of the plurality of pollutant mixture 110 in the upstream air stream 199U.

[0040] Based on the test filter breakthrough curve (see Figure 9A , Figure 9B and Figure 10 ) and the filter downstream concentration 110CDS in use, determine the correlation between the expected service life and the performance of the filter 700 in use ( Figure 11B , block 1180). For example, the contaminant removal performance of the filter 700 in use is compared to a breakthrough curve corresponding to the test settings (i.e., substantially the same temperature, pressure, relative humidity, air flow rate, contaminant mixture, etc.) of the filter in use to determine whether the removal performance of the filter 700 in use is related to (e.g., deviates from) the breakthrough curve. Figure 9B , and for exemplary purposes only, there is a correlation where the removal performance of the filter 700 in use (see α s ,β s ,γ s ,δ s ,ε s If the penetration curves for the filter 700 in use are consistently higher than the penetration curves for the filter 700 in use (see the curves for α, β, γ, δ, ε), this indicates that the filter 700 in use may be too large for its application in the passenger vehicle 300 in use. Similarly, if the removal efficiency of the filter 700 in use is consistently lower than one or more of the penetration curves for the pollutant being evaluated (in this example, compounds α, β, γ, δ, ε), it may indicate that the filter 700 in use is too small for its application in the passenger vehicle 300 in use. In this regard, the penetration curves of the present disclosure provide an understanding of the degradation curve of a given filter and can generate a remaining life for various pollutants for each filter type.

[0041] Reference Figure 8 、 Figure 9A 、 Figure 9B 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11A and Figure 11B, based on the correlation between the predetermined service life and the performance of the filter 700 in use, as determined from the breakthrough curve, the size of the air filter 430 of the second passenger vehicle 400 is determined ( Figure 11B , block 1190). The second passenger vehicle 400 may be a passenger vehicle under development / in the design phase or an existing passenger vehicle whose air purification system is being modified. For exemplary purposes only, the size of the air filter 430 may include determining the life of the passenger vehicle filter 800 of the air purification system 420 of the second passenger vehicle 400 based on the volume of one or more corresponding penetration curves read from the penetration curve lookup table 1000 and based on the air flow rate through the filter. Note that the penetration curve depends on the residence time τ of the filter (i.e., the time the air spends contained in the filter itself), where

[0042] τ=V / Q

[0043] V is the volume of the filter, and Q is the flow rate of air through the filter. Increasing the residence time τ increases the removal efficiency of the filter (i.e., shifts the penetration curve upward on the graph and flattens the penetration curve), which can extend the service life of the filter or improve the end-of-life efficiency. Increasing the residence time τ may also increase the pressure drop across the filter. The volume of the filter is calculated by multiplying the surface area of the filter (i.e., length and width) by the depth of the filter (i.e., thickness), wherein varying the volume and flow rate (e.g., varying the flow rate by the same relative amount as the volume change) can provide filters of different shapes with the same residence time. Taking into account the above-mentioned relationship between residence time, volume, and the air flow rate through the filter, the size of the passenger vehicle filter 800 can be determined based on the position of the removal efficiency of the filter 700 in use relative to the penetration curve, the second passenger vehicle, known parameters of the passenger vehicle air purification system 420 (i.e., air flow rate, size restrictions, etc.), and the desired end-of-life efficiency. The sizing of the passenger vehicle filter 800 may include adjusting the size of the filter (length, width, depth), changing the residence time of the filter, and changing the flow rate of air through the filter. In one aspect, sizing the air filtration 430 for the second passenger vehicle 400 includes determining a volume 810 of the passenger vehicle filter 800, wherein a residence time 820 of the passenger vehicle filter 800 is a fixed predetermined value, such as approximately 0.5 seconds (or in other aspects, the residence time can be greater than or less than approximately 0.5 seconds). In another aspect, sizing the air filtration 430 for the second passenger vehicle 400 includes determining a volume 810 of the passenger vehicle filter 800, wherein an air purification system air flow rate Q of the passenger vehicle filter 800 is a fixed predetermined value. In one aspect, the desired end-of-life efficiency for at least one pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures is between about 30% and about 20%, while in another aspect, the desired end-of-life efficiency for at least one pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures can be greater than about 30% or less than about 20%. Here, sizing air filtration 430 of second passenger vehicle 400 includes determining a volume 810 of passenger vehicle filter 800 such that the passenger vehicle filter has an end-of-life filtration efficiency between 20% and 30% for at least one pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

[0044] The controller 182 can be configured, for example, using any suitable neural network or by using a suitable program into which the design parameters of the air purification system 420 of the second passenger vehicle 400 are input, wherein the neural network (trained by the breakthrough curve lookup table) or the program using the lookup table determines the correlation between the breakthrough curve generated by the filter 700 in use and the test filter 600. The controller 182 includes a user interface 181 in which a user can change the dwell time or other parameters of the passenger vehicle filter 800 so that the end-of-life efficiency of the passenger vehicle filter 800 is between about 30% and about 20% for a given passenger vehicle filter 800 life. The controller 182 can output (on a display or printed document) the requirements of the passenger vehicle filter 800 for selecting an existing filter or manufacturing a new filter.

[0045] refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 9A 、 Figure 9B 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11A and Figure 11B The method for evaluating an air purification system 420 using the filter testing station 100 includes generating, using the filter testing station 100, a breakthrough curve lookup table 1000 ( Figure 12 , block 1200). A breakthrough curve is generated in a substantially similar manner as described above. The filter test station 100 is used to measure the filter downstream concentration 110CDS (of each pollutant 110I1-110In of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 in the downstream air stream 199D on the downstream side of the filter 700 in use. Figure 12 , block 1210), in a manner substantially similar to that described above, wherein the filter 700 in use is obtained from the first (e.g., in use) passenger vehicle 300 at a predetermined service life (e.g., at a predetermined point in the service life of the filter in use). The size of the air filter 430 of the second passenger vehicle 400 is determined based on a correlation between the predetermined service life and the performance of the filter 700 in use ( Figure 12 , block 1220 ), in a manner substantially similar to that described above, wherein a correlation is determined based on the filter downstream concentration 110CDS in use and the breakthrough curve lookup table 1000 .

[0046] refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 9A 、 Figure 9B 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11A and Figure 11B The method for evaluating an air purification system 420 using a filter test station 100 includes injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 into an upstream air flow 199U upstream of a filter 700 in use using the filter test station 100 ( Figure 13 , block 1300), in a manner substantially similar to that described above, wherein an in-use filter 700 is obtained from a first (e.g., in-use) passenger vehicle 300 at a predetermined service life. The filter testing station 100 is used to measure the in-use filter downstream concentration 110CDS ( ) of each pollutant 110I1 -110In of the plurality of pollutant mixtures 110 in the downstream air stream 199D on the downstream side of the in-use filter 700. Figure 13 , block 1310), in a manner substantially similar to that described above. The size of the air filter 430 of the second passenger vehicle 400 is determined based on the correlation between the predetermined service life and the performance of the filter 700 in use ( Figure 13 , block 1320), in a manner substantially similar to that described above, wherein a correlation is determined based on the filter downstream concentration 110CDS in use and the breakthrough curve lookup table 1000 (as described above), and the breakthrough curve lookup table 1000 is generated using the plurality of contaminant mixtures 110 (as described above).

[0047] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the following are provided:

[0048] A1. A method for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising:

[0049] generating an air flow through the test filter using an air flow generator such that an upstream air flow exists on an upstream side of the test filter and a downstream air flow exists on a downstream side of the test filter;

[0050] injecting a mixture of pollutants into an upstream air stream using a fluid injector;

[0051] measuring, using a pollutant measuring device, a downstream concentration of each pollutant in the mixture of the plurality of pollutants in the downstream air flow; and

[0052] A test filter breakthrough curve is generated for each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow based on the downstream concentration of each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

[0053] A2. The method of paragraph A1, wherein the plurality of contaminant mixtures are provided to the fluid injector as a premixed liquid or a premixed gas.

[0054] A3. The method of paragraph A1, wherein each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixtures is provided individually to the fluid injector.

[0055] A4. The method of paragraph A1, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at a fixed rate.

[0056] A5. The method of paragraph A1, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at varying rates.

[0057] A6. The method of paragraph A1, further comprising:

[0058] measuring, using a pollutant measuring device, an upstream concentration of each pollutant in a mixture of a plurality of pollutants in the upstream air flow; and

[0059] Based on the upstream concentration, one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixture and the flow rate of the upstream air flow are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixture to a predetermined upstream concentration.

[0060] A7. The method of paragraph A6, wherein the predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion.

[0061] A8. The method of paragraph A1, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures based on an in-use gas sample from the passenger compartment.

[0062] A9. The method of paragraph A8, wherein the passenger compartment is an aircraft cabin.

[0063] A10. The method of paragraph A1, further comprising generating a plurality of contaminant mixtures based on a gas sample obtained from a test chamber housing a human occupant.

[0064] A11. The method of paragraph A1, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures comprises at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatics, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols, and sulfhydryls.

[0065] A12. The method of paragraph A1, wherein the test filter is a new filter and the downstream concentration of each contaminant of the plurality of contaminant mixtures is obtained over a period of time ranging from several hundred hours to several thousand hours.

[0066] A13. The method of paragraph A12, wherein the time period is a continuous time period.

[0067] A14. The method of paragraph A12, wherein the time period is divided into several test intervals, and there are time periods of static test conditions between the test intervals.

[0068] A15. The method of paragraph A14, wherein the test interval and the time period of the static test condition are configured to simulate an excursion pattern of a passenger vehicle.

[0069] A16. The method of paragraph A12, wherein the time period is divided into several test intervals, and between the test intervals, there are time periods when clean air flows through the test filter.

[0070] A17. The method of paragraph A1, wherein the air flow is forced through the test filter by an air flow generator.

[0071] A18. The method of paragraph A1, wherein the air flow is pulled through the test filter by an air flow generator.

[0072] A19. The method of paragraph A1, wherein the contaminant measuring device comprises a mass spectrometer.

[0073] A20. The method of paragraph A1, further comprising:

[0074] generating, using an air flow generator, a second air flow through the filter in use such that an upstream air flow exists on an upstream side of the filter in use and a downstream air flow exists on a downstream side of the filter in use, the filter in use being taken from the first passenger vehicle 300 at a predetermined service life and having the same filter media as the test filter;

[0075] injecting a mixture of pollutants into an upstream air stream using a fluid injector;

[0076] measuring, using a pollutant measuring device, the concentration downstream of the filter in use for each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air stream;

[0077] Determining a correlation between the projected service life and in-service filter performance based on the test filter breakthrough curve and the in-service filter downstream concentration; and

[0078] The air filtration of the second passenger vehicle is sized based on a correlation between the predetermined service life and the performance of the filter in use.

[0079] A21. A method according to paragraph A20, wherein the concentration of each pollutant downstream of the filter in use in a mixture of multiple pollutants is obtained after taking into account a recovery period of degassing of the filter in use between the time when the filter in use is obtained from the first passenger vehicle and the time when the filter in use is tested, thereby eliminating the degassing effect of the concentration downstream of the filter in use.

[0080] A22. The method of paragraph A21, wherein the recovery time period is from fifty hours to one hundred hours.

[0081] A23. The method of paragraph A20, wherein the filter in use has the same residence time as the test filter.

[0082] A24. The method of paragraph A20, wherein determining the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein a residence time of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

[0083] A25. The method of paragraph A20, wherein determining the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein an air purification system air flow rate of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

[0084] A26. The method of paragraph A20, wherein determining the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle so that the passenger vehicle filter has an end-of-life filtration efficiency of between 20% and 30% for at least one pollutant in a mixture of multiple pollutants.

[0085] B1. A method for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising:

[0086] Using the filter testing station, a breakthrough curve lookup table is generated for a predetermined air flow rate and corresponding to a test filter having a predetermined filter volume and a predetermined filter media, wherein the breakthrough curve of the breakthrough curve lookup table is generated by:

[0087] Using a filter test station, injecting a plurality of contaminant mixtures into an upstream air stream on an upstream side of a test filter of a test filter, and

[0088] measuring downstream concentrations of pollutants in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in a downstream air stream on a downstream side of the test filter;

[0089] measuring, using a filter testing station, an in-use filter downstream concentration of a contaminant for a mixture of the plurality of contaminants in a downstream airstream on a downstream side of an in-use filter, the in-use filter being taken from a first passenger vehicle during a predetermined useful life; and

[0090] The air filtration of the second passenger vehicle is sized based on a correlation between the predetermined service life and the performance of the filter in use, wherein the correlation is determined based on a concentration downstream of the filter in use and a breakthrough curve lookup table.

[0091] B2. The method of paragraph B1, wherein generating the penetration curve lookup table comprises:

[0092] generating an air flow through the test filter using an air flow generator of the filter testing station such that an upstream air flow exists on an upstream side of the test filter and a downstream air flow exists on a downstream side of the test filter;

[0093] Injecting a mixture of pollutants into the upstream air stream using a fluid injector at the filter test station;

[0094] measuring the downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air stream using a pollutant measurement device at the filter test station; and

[0095] A test filter breakthrough curve is generated for each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow based on the downstream concentration of each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

[0096] B3. The method of paragraph B2, wherein the plurality of contaminant mixtures are provided to the fluid injector as a premixed liquid or a premixed gas.

[0097] B4. The method of paragraph B2, wherein each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixtures is provided individually to the fluid injector.

[0098] B5. The method of paragraph B2, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at a fixed rate.

[0099] B6. The method of paragraph B2, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at varying rates.

[0100] B7. The method of paragraph B2, further comprising:

[0101] measuring, using a pollutant measuring device, an upstream concentration of each pollutant in a mixture of a plurality of pollutants in the upstream air flow; and

[0102] Based on the upstream concentration, one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixture and the flow rate of the upstream air flow are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixture to a predetermined upstream concentration.

[0103] B8. The method of paragraph B7, wherein the predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion.

[0104] B9. The method of paragraph B2, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures based on an in-use gas sample from the passenger compartment.

[0105] B10. The method of paragraph B9, wherein the passenger compartment is an aircraft cabin.

[0106] B11. The method of paragraph B2, further comprising generating a plurality of contaminant mixtures based on a gas sample obtained from a test chamber housing a human occupant.

[0107] B12. The method of paragraph B2, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures comprises at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatics, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols, and sulfhydryls.

[0108] B13. The method of paragraph B2, wherein the test filter is a new filter and the downstream concentration of each contaminant of the plurality of contaminant mixtures is obtained over a period of time ranging from several hundred hours to several thousand hours.

[0109] B14. The method of paragraph B13, wherein the time period is a continuous time period.

[0110] B15. The method of paragraph B13, wherein the time period is divided into several test intervals, and there are time periods of static test conditions between the test intervals.

[0111] B16. The method of paragraph B15, wherein the test interval and the time period of the static test condition are configured to simulate an excursion pattern of a passenger vehicle.

[0112] B17. The method of paragraph B13, wherein the time period is divided into several test intervals, and between the test intervals, there are time periods when clean air flows through the test filter.

[0113] B18. The method of paragraph B2, wherein the air flow is forced through the test filter by an air flow generator.

[0114] B19. The method of paragraph B2, wherein the air flow is pulled through the test filter by an air flow generator.

[0115] B20. The method of paragraph B2, wherein the contaminant measuring device comprises a mass spectrometer.

[0116] B21. The method of paragraph B1, wherein measuring the concentration downstream of the filter in use comprises:

[0117] generating, by the air flow generator of the filter testing station, a second air flow through the filter in use such that an upstream air flow exists on an upstream side of the filter in use and a downstream air flow exists on a downstream side of the filter in use; and

[0118] The filter test station's fluid injector is used to inject a mixture of pollutants into the upstream air stream.

[0119] B22. A method according to paragraph B21, wherein the concentration of each pollutant downstream of the filter in use in a mixture of multiple pollutants is obtained after taking into account a recovery period of degassing of the filter in use from the time the filter in use is obtained by the first passenger vehicle to the time the filter in use is tested, thereby eliminating the degassing effect of the concentration downstream of the filter in use.

[0120] B23. The method of paragraph B22, wherein the recovery time period is from fifty hours to one hundred hours.

[0121] B24. The method of paragraph B21, wherein the filter in use has the same residence time as the test filter.

[0122] B25. The method of paragraph B21, wherein determining the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein a residence time of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

[0123] B26. The method of paragraph B21, wherein determining the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein an air purification system air flow rate of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

[0124] B27. A method according to paragraph B21, wherein determining the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining the volume of the passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle so that the end-of-life filtration efficiency of the passenger vehicle filter is between 20% and 30% for at least one pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

[0125] C1. A method for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising:

[0126] injecting, using a filter testing station, a mixture of a plurality of pollutants into an upstream air stream upstream of an in-use filter, the in-use filter being taken from a first passenger vehicle during a predetermined service life;

[0127] measuring, using a filter test station, the in-use filter downstream concentration of each contaminant of a mixture of contaminants in a downstream air stream on a downstream side of the in-use filter; and

[0128] Air filtration for a second passenger vehicle is sized based on a correlation between a predetermined service life and performance of the filter in use, wherein the correlation is determined based on a concentration downstream of the filter in use and a breakthrough curve lookup table, wherein the breakthrough curve lookup table is generated for a plurality of contaminant mixtures.

[0129] C2. The method of paragraph C1, wherein generating the penetration curve lookup table comprises:

[0130] generating an air flow through the test filter using an air flow generator of the filter testing station such that an upstream air flow exists on an upstream side of the test filter and a downstream air flow exists on a downstream side of the test filter;

[0131] Injecting a mixture of pollutants into the upstream air stream using a fluid injector at the filter test station;

[0132] measuring the downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air stream using a pollutant measurement device at the filter test station; and

[0133] A breakthrough curve for the test filter is generated for each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow based on the downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

[0134] C3. The method of paragraph C2, wherein the plurality of contaminant mixtures are provided to the fluid injector as a premixed liquid or a premixed gas.

[0135] C4. The method of paragraph C2, wherein each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixtures is provided individually to the fluid injector.

[0136] C5. The method of paragraph C2, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at a fixed rate.

[0137] C6. The method of paragraph C2, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at varying rates.

[0138] C7. The method of paragraph C2, further comprising:

[0139] measuring, using a pollutant measuring device, an upstream concentration of each pollutant in a mixture of a plurality of pollutants in the upstream air flow; and

[0140] Based on the upstream concentration, one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixture and the flow rate of the upstream air flow are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixture to a predetermined upstream concentration.

[0141] C8. The method of paragraph C7, wherein the predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion.

[0142] C9. The method of paragraph C2, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures based on an in-use gas sample from the passenger compartment.

[0143] C10. The method of paragraph C9, wherein the passenger compartment is an aircraft cabin.

[0144] C11. The method of paragraph C2, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures based on a gas sample obtained from a test chamber housing a human occupant.

[0145] C12. The method of paragraph C2, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures comprises at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatics, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols, and sulfhydryls.

[0146] C13. The method of paragraph C2, wherein the test filter is a new filter and the downstream concentration of each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixtures is obtained over a period of time ranging from several hundred hours to several thousand hours.

[0147] C14. The method of paragraph C13, wherein the time period is a continuous time period.

[0148] C15. The method of paragraph C13, wherein the time period is divided into several test intervals, and there are time periods of static test conditions between the test intervals.

[0149] C16. The method of paragraph C15, wherein the test interval and the time period of the static test condition are configured to simulate an excursion pattern of a passenger vehicle.

[0150] C17. The method of paragraph C13, wherein the time period is divided into several test intervals, and between the test intervals, there are time periods when clean air flows through the test filter.

[0151] C18. The method of paragraph C2, wherein the air flow is forced through the test filter by an air flow generator.

[0152] C19. The method of paragraph C2, wherein the air flow is pulled through the test filter by an air flow generator.

[0153] C20. The method of paragraph C2, wherein the contaminant measuring device comprises a mass spectrometer.

[0154] C21. A method according to paragraph C1, wherein measuring the concentration downstream of the filter in use includes generating an air flow through the filter in use by an air flow generator of the filter testing station so that the upstream air flow exists on the upstream side of the filter in use and the downstream air flow exists on the downstream side of the filter in use.

[0155] C22. A method according to paragraph C21, wherein the concentration of each pollutant downstream of the filter in use in a mixture of multiple pollutants is obtained after taking into account a recovery period of degassing of the filter in use between the time when the filter in use is obtained from the first passenger vehicle and the time when the filter in use is tested, thereby eliminating the degassing effect of the concentration downstream of the filter in use.

[0156] C23. The method of paragraph C22, wherein the recovery time period is from fifty hours to one hundred hours.

[0157] C24. The method of paragraph C21, wherein the filter in use has the same dwell time as the test filter used to generate the breakthrough curve lookup table.

[0158] C25. The method of paragraph C21, wherein determining the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein a residence time of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

[0159] C26. The method of paragraph C21, wherein determining the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein an air purification system air flow rate of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

[0160] C27. A method according to paragraph C21, wherein determining the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining the volume of the passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle so that the end-of-life filtration efficiency of the passenger vehicle filter is between 20% and 30% for at least one pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

[0161] C28. The method of paragraph C1, further comprising:

[0162] measuring the upstream concentration of each pollutant in the mixture of multiple pollutants in the upstream air stream using a pollutant measurement device at the filter test station; and

[0163] Based on the upstream concentration, one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixture and the flow rate of the upstream air flow are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixture to a predetermined upstream concentration.

[0164] C29. The method of paragraph C28, wherein the predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion.

[0165] C30. The method of paragraph C1, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures based on an in-use gas sample from the passenger compartment.

[0166] C31. The method of paragraph C30, wherein the passenger compartment is an aircraft cabin.

[0167] C32. The method of paragraph C1, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures based on a gas sample obtained from a test chamber housing a human occupant.

[0168] C33. A method according to paragraph C1, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures comprises at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatics, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols, and sulfhydryls.

[0169] C34. The method of paragraph C1, wherein the air flow including the upstream air flow is forced through the filter in use by an air flow generator of the filter testing station.

[0170] C35. The method of paragraph C1, wherein the air flow including the upstream air flow is pulled through the filter in use by an air flow generator of the filter testing station.

[0171] C36. The method of paragraph C1, wherein the in-use filter downstream concentration of each contaminant in the mixture of multiple contaminants in the downstream air stream is measured by a mass spectrometer at the filter testing station.

[0172] In the drawings referenced above, the solid lines connecting various elements and / or components (if any) can represent mechanical, electrical, fluid, optical, electromagnetic, wireless and other couplings and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, "coupling" refers to direct and indirect association. For example, component A can be directly associated with component B, or can be indirectly associated with component B, for example, via another component C. It will be understood that not all relationships between the various disclosed elements are necessarily disclosed. Therefore, there may also be other couplings other than those depicted in the drawings. The coupling represented by the dotted lines (if any) connecting the blocks representing various elements and / or components is similar to the coupling shown by the solid lines in terms of function and purpose; however, the coupling represented by the dotted lines can be selectively set or can relate to alternative examples of the present disclosure. Similarly, the elements and / or components (if any) represented by the dotted lines indicate alternative examples of the present disclosure. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, one or more elements shown by the solid lines and / or dotted lines can be omitted from a specific example. Environmental elements (if any) are represented by dotted lines. For clarity, virtual (imaginary) elements can also be displayed. Those skilled in the art will understand that some of the features shown in the drawings may be combined in various ways without including other features described in the drawings, other drawings, and / or the accompanying disclosure, even if such a combination or combinations are not explicitly shown herein. Similarly, additional features not limited to the examples presented may be combined with some or all of the features shown and described herein.

[0173] In the above reference Figure 11A 、 Figure 11B 、 Figure 12 and Figure 13 In the present disclosure, blocks may represent operations and / or portions thereof, and the lines connecting the various blocks do not imply any particular order or dependency of the operations or portions thereof. Blocks represented by dashed lines indicate alternative operations and / or portions thereof. Dashed lines connecting the various blocks (if any) indicate alternative dependencies of the operations or portions thereof. It will be understood that not all dependencies between the various disclosed operations are necessarily disclosed. Figure 11A 、 Figure 11B 、 Figure 12 and Figure 13 The attached disclosure describing the operation of one or more methods set forth herein should not be construed as necessarily determining the order in which the operations must be performed. On the contrary, although an illustrative order is indicated, it should be understood that the order of the operations can be appropriately modified. Therefore, certain operations can be performed in different orders or substantially simultaneously. In addition, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that it is not necessary to perform all the operations described.

[0174] In addition, the present disclosure includes examples according to the following items:

[0175] Item 1. A method (420) for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising:

[0176] generating an air flow through the test filter (600) using an air flow generator (120) such that an upstream air flow (199U) exists on the upstream side of the test filter (600) and a downstream air flow (199D) exists on the downstream side of the test filter (600);

[0177] injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) into an upstream air flow (199U) using a fluid injector (150);

[0178] measuring a downstream concentration (110CD) of each pollutant in a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) in a downstream air flow (199D) using a pollutant measuring device (140); and

[0179] A test filter breakthrough curve is generated for each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixture (110) in the downstream air flow (199D) based on the downstream concentration (110CD) of each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixture (110).

[0180] Item 2. The method of Item 1, wherein the plurality of contaminant mixtures (110) are provided to the fluid injector (150) as a premixed liquid (110L) or a premixed gas (110G).

[0181] Item 3. The method according to item 1 or 2, further comprising:

[0182] Measuring the upstream concentration (110CU) of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) in the upstream air flow (199U) using a pollutant measuring device (140); and

[0183] Based on the upstream concentration (110CU), one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixture (110) and the flow rate of the upstream air flow (199U) are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixture (110) to a predetermined upstream concentration.

[0184] Item 4. The method of Item 3, wherein the predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion.

[0185] Item 5. The method of any one of Items 1-4, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) based on an in-use gas sample from a passenger compartment (310).

[0186] Item 6. The method of any one of Items 1-5, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) based on gas samples collected from a test chamber (500) housing a human occupant (510).

[0187] Item 7. A method according to any one of items 1-6, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) include at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols and sulfhydrides.

[0188] Item 8. The method of any one of Items 1-7, wherein the test filter (600) is a new filter and the downstream concentration (110CD) of each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixtures (110) is obtained over a time range of several hundred hours to several thousand hours.

[0189] Item 9. The method according to any one of items 1 to 8, further comprising:

[0190] generating, using an air flow generator (120), a second air flow through the filter (700) in use, such that an upstream air flow (199U) exists on the upstream side of the filter (700) in use and a downstream air flow (199D) exists on the downstream side of the filter (700) in use, the filter (700) in use being taken from the first passenger vehicle 300 at a predetermined service life and having the same filter medium (730) as the test filter (600);

[0191] injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) into an upstream air flow (199U) using a fluid injector (150);

[0192] Measuring, using a pollutant measuring device (140), a filter downstream concentration (110CDS) in use for each pollutant of a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) in a downstream air flow (199D);

[0193] determining a correlation (700) between the projected service life and in-use filter performance based on the test filter breakthrough curve and the in-use filter downstream concentration (110CDS); and

[0194] The size of the air filter (430) of the second passenger vehicle (400) is determined based on a correlation between the predetermined service life and the performance of the filter (700) in use.

[0195] Item 10. A method (420) for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising:

[0196] Using a filter testing station (100), a breakthrough curve lookup table (1000) is generated for a predetermined air flow rate and corresponding to a test filter having a predetermined filter volume and a predetermined filter medium, wherein a breakthrough curve of the breakthrough curve lookup table (1000) is generated by:

[0197] Using the filter testing station (100), injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) into an upstream air stream (199U) on an upstream side of a test filter (600) of the test filter, and

[0198] measuring a downstream concentration (110CD) of a pollutant in a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) in a downstream air flow (199D) on a downstream side of a test filter (600);

[0199] measuring, using a filter test station (100), an in-use filter downstream concentration (110CDS) of a pollutant in a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) in a downstream airflow on a downstream side of an in-use filter (700), the in-use filter (700) being taken from a first passenger vehicle (300) during a predetermined service life; and

[0200] The size of the air filter (430) of the second passenger vehicle (400) is determined based on a correlation between a predetermined service life and the performance of the filter (700) in use, wherein the correlation is determined based on a filter downstream concentration (110CDS) in use and a breakthrough curve lookup table (1000).

[0201] Item 11. The method of Item 10, wherein measuring the filter downstream concentration in use (110CDS) comprises:

[0202] generating a second air flow through the filter in use using an air flow generator (120) of the filter testing station (100) such that an upstream air flow (199U) is located on the upstream side (700) of the filter in use and a downstream air flow (199D) is located on the downstream side of the filter in use (700); and

[0203] A plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) are injected into an upstream air stream (199U) using a fluid injector (150) of a filter test station (100).

[0204] Item 12. A method according to Item 11, wherein the filter downstream concentration (110CDS) of each pollutant in a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) is obtained after taking into account a recovery period of degassing of the filter in use (700) between the time when the filter in use (700) is obtained from the first passenger vehicle (300) and the time when the filter in use (700) is tested, thereby eliminating the degassing effect of the filter downstream concentration (110CDS) in use.

[0205] Item 13. The method of Item 11 or 12, wherein the filter in use (700) has the same residence time (720) as the test filter (600).

[0206] Item 14. The method of Item 11, 12, or 13, wherein determining the size of the air filter (430) of the second passenger vehicle (400) includes determining a volume (810) of a passenger vehicle filter (800) of the second passenger vehicle (400), wherein a residence time (820) of the passenger vehicle filter (800) is a fixed predetermined value.

[0207] Item 15. A method according to any of items 11-14, wherein determining the size of the air filter (430) of the second passenger vehicle (400) includes determining the volume (810) of the passenger vehicle filter (800) of the second passenger vehicle (400), wherein the air purification system air flow rate of the passenger vehicle filter (800) is a fixed predetermined value.

[0208] Item 16. A method (420) for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising:

[0209] Using a filter testing station (100), injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) into an upstream air flow (199U) upstream of an in-use filter (700), the in-use filter (700) being taken from a first passenger vehicle (300) at a predetermined service life;

[0210] measuring (700) the filter downstream concentration (110CDS) of each contaminant in a plurality of contaminant mixtures (110) in a downstream air stream (199D) on a downstream side of the filter in use using a filter test station (100); and

[0211] The size of an air filter (430) for a second passenger vehicle (400) is determined based on a correlation between a predetermined service life and the performance of a filter (700) in use, wherein the correlation is determined based on a filter downstream concentration (110CDS) in use and a penetration curve lookup table (1000), the penetration curve lookup table (1000) being generated using a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110).

[0212] Item 17. A method according to Item 16, wherein measuring the downstream concentration (110CDS) of the filter in use includes: using the air flow generator (120) of the filter test station (100) to generate a second air flow flowing through the filter in use (700), so that the upstream air flow (199U) exists on the upstream side of the filter in use (700) and the downstream air flow (199D) exists on the downstream side of the filter in use (700).

[0213] Item 18. The method of Item 17, wherein determining the size of the air filtration (430) of the second passenger vehicle (300) includes determining a volume (810) of the passenger vehicle filter (800) of the second passenger vehicle (400) such that the passenger vehicle filter (800) has an end-of-life filtration efficiency of between 20% and 30% for at least one pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures (110).

[0214] Item 19. The method according to Item 16, 17 or 18, further comprising:

[0215] measuring an upstream concentration (110CU) of each pollutant of a plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) in an upstream air flow (199U) using a pollutant measurement device (140) of a filter test station (100); and

[0216] Based on the upstream concentration (110CU), one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixture (110) and the flow rate of the upstream air flow (199U) are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixture (110) to a predetermined upstream concentration.

[0217] Item 20. A method according to any one of items 16-19, wherein the plurality of pollutant mixtures (110) include at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatics, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols and sulfhydrides.

[0218] In the foregoing description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed concepts, which can be practiced without some or all of these details. In other cases, details of known devices and / or processes are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure. Although some concepts are described in conjunction with specific examples, it should be understood that these examples are not intended to be limiting.

[0219] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used herein merely as labels and are not intended to impose any order, position, or hierarchy requirements on the items to which these terms refer. Furthermore, reference to an item, for example, "second," does not require or preclude the existence of an item, for example, "first," or lower-numbered, and / or an item, for example, "third," or higher-numbered.

[0220] Reference herein to "an example" means that one or more features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the example are included in at least one implementation. The phrase "an example" in various places in the specification may or may not refer to the same example.

[0221] As used herein, a system, device, structure, article, element, component, or hardware that is “configured to” perform a specified function is actually capable of performing the specified function without any changes, and not merely has the potential to perform the specified function after further modification. In other words, a system, device, structure, article, element, component, or hardware that is “configured to” perform a specified function is specifically selected, created, implemented, utilized, programmed, and / or designed for the purpose of performing the specified function. As used herein, “configured to” means an existing feature of a system, device, structure, article, element, component, or hardware that enables the system, device, structure, article, element, component, or hardware to perform the specified function without further modification. For purposes of this disclosure, a system, device, structure, article, element, component, or hardware that may additionally or alternatively be described as “configured to” perform a particular function may additionally or alternatively be described as “adapted to” and / or “operable” to perform that function.

[0222] The different examples of one or more devices and one or more methods disclosed herein include various components, features, and functions. It should be understood that the various examples of one or more devices and one or more methods disclosed herein may include any components, features, and functions of other examples of one or more devices and one or more methods disclosed herein in any combination, and all such possibilities are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0223] Many modifications of the examples set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings.

[0224] Therefore, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the specific examples shown, and modifications and other examples are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. In addition, although the above description and associated drawings describe examples of the present disclosure in the context of certain illustrative combinations of elements and / or functions, it should be understood that different combinations of elements and / or functions can be provided by alternative implementations without departing from the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the reference numerals in parentheses in the appended claims are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter to the specific examples provided in the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising: generating an air flow through the test filter using an air flow generator such that an upstream air flow exists on the upstream side of the test filter and a downstream air flow exists on the downstream side of the test filter; injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures into the upstream air stream using a fluid injector; measuring, using a pollutant measuring device, a downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow; and generating a test filter breakthrough curve for each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream airflow based on the downstream concentration of each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures, The method further comprises: generating, using an air flow generator, a second air flow through an in-use filter such that the upstream air flow exists on an upstream side of the in-use filter and the downstream air flow exists on a downstream side of the in-use filter, the in-use filter being taken from a first passenger vehicle during a predetermined service life and having the same filter media as the test filter; injecting the plurality of pollutant mixtures into the upstream air flow using the fluid injector; measuring, using the pollutant measuring device, a filter downstream concentration in use for each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow; determining a correlation between the predetermined useful life and the in-use filter performance based on the test filter breakthrough curve and the in-use filter downstream concentration; and Based on the correlation between the predetermined useful life and the performance of the filter in use, the size of the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of contaminant mixtures are provided to the fluid injector as a premixed liquid or a premixed gas.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein Each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixtures is individually provided to the fluid injector.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at a fixed rate.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at varying rates.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: measuring, using the pollutant measuring device, an upstream concentration of each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the upstream air flow; as well as Based on the upstream concentration, one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixtures and the flow rate of the upstream air flow are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixtures to a predetermined upstream concentration.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion.

8. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising generating the plurality of pollutant mixtures based on an in-use gas sample from a passenger compartment.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The passenger compartment is an aircraft cabin.

10. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising generating the plurality of pollutant mixtures based on gas samples collected from a test chamber housing a human occupant.

11. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The plurality of pollutant mixtures include at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols, and sulfhydryls.

12. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The test filter is a new filter, and the downstream concentration of each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixtures is obtained over a time range of several hundred hours to several thousand hours.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The time period is a continuous time period.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The time period is divided into several test intervals, and there are time periods of static test conditions between the test intervals.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein The test interval and the time period of the static test condition are configured to simulate an excursion pattern of a passenger vehicle.

16. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The time period is divided into several test intervals, between which there are periods of clean air flow through the test filter.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein An air flow is forced through the test filter by the air flow generator.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein An air flow is drawn through the test filter by the air flow generator.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein The contaminant measuring device includes a mass spectrometer.

20. The method according to claim 1, wherein After taking into account the recovery period of degassing of the filter in use from the time when the filter in use is obtained by the first passenger vehicle to the time when the filter in use is tested, the concentration of each pollutant downstream of the filter in use in a mixture of multiple pollutants is obtained, thereby eliminating the degassing effect of the concentration downstream of the filter in use.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein The recovery time period ranges from fifty to one hundred hours.

22. The method according to claim 1, wherein The filter in use has the same residence time as the test filter.

23. The method according to claim 1, wherein Sizing the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein a residence time of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

24. The method according to claim 1, wherein Sizing the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein an air purification system air flow rate of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

25. The method according to claim 1, wherein Sizing the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes sizing a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle such that an end-of-life filtration efficiency of the passenger vehicle filter is between 20% and 30% for at least one pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

26. A method for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising: Using a filter testing station, a breakthrough curve lookup table is generated for a predetermined air flow rate and corresponding to a test filter having a predetermined filter volume and a predetermined filter media, wherein a breakthrough curve of the breakthrough curve lookup table is generated by: injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures into the upstream air stream on the upstream side of a test filter in the test filter using a filter testing station, and measuring a downstream concentration of a pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixture in a downstream air flow on a downstream side of the test filter; measuring, using the filter testing station, an in-use filter downstream concentration of a pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixture in the downstream airstream on a downstream side of an in-use filter, the in-use filter being taken from a first passenger vehicle during a predetermined service life; and The air filtration of a second passenger vehicle is sized based on a correlation between the predetermined service life and the performance of the filter in use, wherein the correlation is determined based on the concentration downstream of the filter in use and the breakthrough curve lookup table.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein Generating a penetration curve lookup table includes: generating an air flow through the test filter using an air flow generator of the filter testing station such that an upstream air flow exists on an upstream side of the test filter and a downstream air flow exists on a downstream side of the test filter; injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures into the upstream air stream using a fluid injector of the filter testing station; measuring, using a pollutant measurement device of the filter testing station, a downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow; and A test filter breakthrough curve is generated for each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow based on the downstream concentration of each pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein The plurality of contaminant mixtures are provided to the fluid injector as a premixed liquid or a premixed gas.

29. The method according to claim 27, wherein Each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixtures is individually provided to the fluid injector.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein: The plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at a fixed rate.

31. The method of claim 27, wherein: The plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at varying rates.

32. The method of claim 27, further comprising: measuring, using the pollutant measuring device, an upstream concentration of each pollutant in the mixture of multiple pollutants in the upstream air flow; as well as Based on the upstream concentration, one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixtures and the flow rate of the upstream air flow are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixtures to a predetermined upstream concentration.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein The predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion.

34. The method of claim 27, further comprising generating the plurality of pollutant mixtures based on an in-use gas sample from a passenger compartment.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein The passenger compartment is an aircraft cabin.

36. The method of claim 27, further comprising generating the plurality of contaminant mixtures based on a gas sample obtained from a test chamber housing a human occupant.

37. The method of claim 27, wherein: The plurality of pollutant mixtures include at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols, and sulfhydryls.

38. The method of claim 27, wherein: The test filter is a new filter, and downstream concentrations of each contaminant of the plurality of contaminant mixture are obtained over a period of time ranging from several hundred hours to several thousand hours.

39. The method according to claim 38, wherein The time period is a continuous time period.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein The time period is divided into several test intervals, and there are time periods of static test conditions between the test intervals.

41. The method according to claim 40, wherein The test intervals and time periods of the static test conditions are configured to simulate the excursion patterns of a passenger vehicle.

42. The method of claim 38, wherein The time period is divided into several test intervals, between which there are periods of clean air flow through the test filter.

43. The method of claim 27, wherein: An air flow is forced through the test filter by an air flow generator.

44. The method of claim 27, wherein An air flow is drawn through the test filter by the air flow generator.

45. The method of claim 27, wherein The contaminant measuring device includes a mass spectrometer.

46. The method of claim 26, wherein: Measuring concentrations downstream of filters in use includes: generating, by an air flow generator of the filter testing station, a second air flow through the filter in use such that an upstream air flow exists on an upstream side of the filter in use and a downstream air flow exists on a downstream side of the filter in use; and A mixture of pollutants is injected into the upstream air stream using the fluid injector of the filter test station.

47. The method according to claim 46, wherein: The concentration of each pollutant in the mixture of multiple pollutants downstream of the filter in use is obtained after taking into account the recovery period of degassing of the filter in use from the time when the filter in use is obtained by the first passenger vehicle to the time when the filter in use is tested, thereby eliminating the degassing effect of the concentration downstream of the filter in use.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein The recovery time period ranges from fifty to one hundred hours.

49. The method of claim 46, wherein The filter in use has the same residence time as the test filter.

50. The method of claim 46, wherein Sizing the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein a residence time of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

51. The method of claim 46, wherein Sizing the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein an air purification system air flow rate of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

52. The method of claim 46, wherein Sizing the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes sizing a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle such that an end-of-life filtration efficiency of the passenger vehicle filter is between 20% and 30% for at least one pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

53. A method for evaluating an air purification system, the method comprising: injecting, using a filter testing station, a mixture of a plurality of pollutants into an upstream air stream upstream of an in-use filter, the in-use filter being taken from a first passenger vehicle during a predetermined service life; measuring, using a filter test station, an in-use filter downstream concentration of each contaminant of a mixture of a plurality of contaminants in a downstream air stream on a downstream side of the in-use filter; as well as Air filtration for a second passenger vehicle is sized based on a correlation between a predetermined service life and performance of the filter in use, wherein the correlation is determined based on a concentration downstream of the filter in use and a breakthrough curve lookup table, wherein the breakthrough curve lookup table is generated for a plurality of contaminant mixtures.

54. The method of claim 53, wherein: Generating a penetration curve lookup table includes: generating an air flow through a test filter using an air flow generator of the filter testing station such that an upstream air flow exists on an upstream side of the test filter and a downstream air flow exists on a downstream side of the test filter; injecting a plurality of pollutant mixtures into an upstream air stream using a fluid injector of the filter testing station; measuring, using a pollutant measurement device of the filter test station, a downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow; and A breakthrough curve for the test filter is generated for each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures in the downstream air flow based on the downstream concentration of each pollutant in the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

55. The method of claim 54, wherein The plurality of contaminant mixtures are provided to the fluid injector as a premixed liquid or a premixed gas.

56. The method of claim 54, wherein Each contaminant in the plurality of contaminant mixtures is individually provided to the fluid injector.

57. The method of claim 54, wherein: The plurality of pollutant mixtures are injected into the upstream air stream at a fixed rate.

58. The method of claim 54, wherein A mixture of pollutants is injected into the upstream air stream at varying rates.

59. The method of claim 54, further comprising: measuring, using a pollutant measuring device, an upstream concentration of each pollutant in a mixture of a plurality of pollutants in an upstream air flow; as well as Based on the upstream concentration, one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixture and the flow rate of the upstream air flow are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixture to a predetermined upstream concentration.

60. The method of claim 59, wherein The predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion.

61. The method of claim 54, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures based on an in-use gas sample from a passenger compartment.

62. The method of claim 61, wherein The passenger compartment is an aircraft cabin.

63. The method of claim 54, further comprising generating a plurality of contaminant mixtures based on a gas sample obtained from a test chamber housing a human occupant.

64. The method of claim 54, wherein: The plurality of pollutant mixtures include at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, thiols, and sulfhydryls.

65. The method of claim 64, wherein The test filters are new filters, and downstream concentrations of each contaminant in a mixture of various contaminants are obtained over a period ranging from several hundred hours to several thousand hours.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein The time period is a continuous time period.

67. The method of claim 65, wherein The time period is divided into several test intervals, and there are time periods of static test conditions between the test intervals.

68. The method of claim 67, wherein The test intervals and time periods of the static test conditions are configured to simulate the excursion patterns of a passenger vehicle.

69. The method of claim 65, wherein The time period is divided into several test intervals, between which there are periods of clean air flow through the test filter.

70. The method of claim 54, wherein An air flow is forced through the test filter by an air flow generator.

71. The method of claim 54, wherein: An air stream is pulled through the test filter by an air stream generator.

72. The method of claim 54, wherein: The contaminant measuring device includes a mass spectrometer.

73. The method of claim 53, wherein: Measuring the concentration downstream of the filter in use includes generating an air flow through the filter in use by an air flow generator of the filter testing station so that an upstream air flow exists on the upstream side of the filter in use and a downstream air flow exists on the downstream side of the filter in use.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein The filter-in-use downstream concentration of each pollutant in a plurality of pollutant mixtures is obtained after taking into account a recovery period of degassing of the filter-in-use from the time the filter-in-use is obtained by the first passenger vehicle to the time the filter-in-use is tested, thereby eliminating the degassing effect of the filter-in-use downstream concentration.

75. The method of claim 74, wherein The recovery time period ranges from fifty to one hundred hours.

76. The method of claim 73, wherein The filter in use has the same dwell time as the test filter used to generate the breakthrough curve lookup table.

77. The method of claim 73, wherein Sizing the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein a residence time of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

78. The method of claim 73, wherein Sizing the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes determining a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle, wherein an air purification system air flow rate of the passenger vehicle filter is a fixed predetermined value.

79. The method of claim 73, wherein Sizing the air filtration of the second passenger vehicle includes sizing a volume of a passenger vehicle filter of the second passenger vehicle such that an end-of-life filtration efficiency of the passenger vehicle filter is between 20% and 30% for at least one pollutant of the plurality of pollutant mixtures.

80. The method of claim 53, further comprising: measuring the upstream concentration of each pollutant in the mixture of multiple pollutants in the upstream air stream using a pollutant measurement device at the filter test station; as well as Based on the upstream concentration, one or more of the flow rate of the plurality of pollutant mixture and the flow rate of the upstream air flow are adjusted to dilute the plurality of pollutant mixture to a predetermined upstream concentration.

81. The method of claim 80, wherein The predetermined upstream concentration is less than or equal to 100 parts per billion.

82. The method of claim 53, further comprising generating a plurality of pollutant mixtures based on an in-use gas sample from a passenger compartment.

83. The method of claim 82, wherein The passenger compartment is the aircraft cabin.

84. The method of claim 53, further comprising generating a plurality of contaminant mixtures based on a gas sample obtained from a test chamber housing a human occupant.

85. The method of claim 53, wherein The plurality of pollutant mixtures include at least two or more of organic acids, alkanes, aldehydes, alcohols, alkenes, aromatics, chlorocarbons, esters, ethers, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, isoalkanes, phosphates, perfluorinated derivatives, phthalates, siloxanes, terpenes, mercaptans, and sulfhydryls.

86. The method of claim 53, wherein The air flow, including the upstream air flow, is forced through the filter in use by the air flow generator of the filter testing station.

87. The method of claim 53, wherein The air flow, including the upstream air flow, is pulled through the filter in use by the air flow generator of the filter testing station.

88. The method of claim 53, wherein The in-use filter downstream concentration of each pollutant in the mixture of pollutants in the downstream air stream is measured by a mass spectrometer at the filter test station.

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