An automatic picking and installing mechanism for railway fasteners and its operation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an automatic picking and installing mechanism for railway fasteners and an operation method thereof. Among them, an automatic picking and installing mechanism for railway fasteners includes two symmetrically arranged mounting supports (4). On the inner sides of the lower parts of the two mounting supports (4), displacement adaptive connection mechanisms (1) are symmetrically installed facing each other. An angle adaptive picking mechanism (2) is installed between the two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms (1). The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: The mechanism can be flexibly installed on other actuators through the mounting supports, realizing displacements in different directions, and moving to the position above the spike according to the feedback information of the spike position, so as to realize the positioning during the automatic placement of the fastener. The railway fastener is picked up and placed by means of energizing and de-energizing the electromagnet. The displacement adaptive connection mechanism and the angle adaptive picking mechanism ensure that the fastener is accurately installed on the spike, realizing the automatic picking and installing operation of the fastener, and greatly improving the safety of the rail replacement operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway engineering operations, and particularly to an automatic picking and installing mechanism for railway fasteners and its operation method. Background Art

[0002] During the process of railway rail replacement operations, it is usually necessary to carry out the installation work of replacing fasteners. In the existing construction technologies, the picking and installation of fasteners mainly adopt manual operation methods.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent with the patent number ZL201510640019.7 discloses a railway fastener automatic unloading operation vehicle and its operation method, which can, during the operation of the operation vehicle, convey the fastener boxes stored on the operation vehicle to the lower part of the operation vehicle, so as to facilitate the operation personnel at the lower part of the operation vehicle to install the fastener boxes onto the track. The railway fastener automatic unloading operation vehicle includes: a vehicle frame, the end of the vehicle frame is supported on the track through a running device; a conveying device located in the middle of the vehicle frame, used to convey the fastener boxes from the operation vehicle to the lower part of the operation vehicle; a lifting device located on the vehicle frame, used to lift the fastener boxes onto the operation vehicle for transportation and storage; an operation room located at one end of the operation vehicle, used to control the entire operation process. This invention can, during the operation of the operation vehicle, convey the fasteners stored on the vehicle to below the vehicle through a mechanical conveying device, facilitating the operation personnel below the vehicle to install the fasteners on the sleeper, greatly improving the automation degree and construction efficiency of the railway fastener automatic unloading operation. Since the rail replacement operation distance is generally long and the number of fasteners to be installed is large, although this invention solves the problem of fastener transportation, the picking and installation of fasteners still need to be completed manually, and the automation of fastener picking and installation has not been realized. There are still technical defects such as large workload, low efficiency, low safety, and inadaptability to rapid rail replacement using the skylight point. Therefore, improvement is still needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical defects existing in the existing railway fastener automatic unloading operation vehicle, the preferred technical solution one adopted by the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0005] An automatic picking and installing mechanism for railway fasteners, including two symmetrically arranged mounting supports, displacement adaptive connection mechanisms are symmetrically and oppositely installed on the inner sides of the lower parts of the two mounting supports, and an angle adaptive picking mechanism is installed between the two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms.

[0006] Preferably, the displacement adaptive connection mechanism includes a spline shaft, a spring, and a spline shaft sleeve. One end of the spline shaft is installed on the mounting support, the spring is sleeved on the spline shaft, the other end of the spline shaft is sleeved with the spline shaft sleeve, and the spline shaft sleeve is fixedly installed on the angle adaptive picking mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, in any of the above solutions, the angle adaptive picking mechanism includes a connecting plate, an upper adjusting plate, a lower adjusting plate, and a restraining spring. The connecting plate has a circular shell shape, and the cavity of the circular shell faces downward. A first opening is provided in the middle thereof. A first sector-shaped notch is opened along the radial direction of the circular shell on one side of the first opening. Two sector-shaped sliding planes are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction outward along both sides of the first sector-shaped notch. Sector-shaped chutes are opened along the sector direction on the upper and lower sides of the two sector-shaped sliding planes. A clearance fit is provided between the upper sides of the two sector-shaped sliding planes and the two upper adjusting plates respectively. The upper adjusting plate has a first sector shape. A first ball groove is opened at a position corresponding to the sector-shaped chute along the first sector direction on the upper adjusting plate. A number of balls are installed in the first ball groove. A clearance fit is provided between the lower sides of the two sector-shaped sliding planes and the two lower adjusting plates respectively. The lower adjusting plate has a second sector shape. A second ball groove is opened at a position corresponding to the sector-shaped chute along the second sector direction on the lower adjusting plate. A number of balls are installed in the second ball groove. Two spline bushings are respectively installed on the two upper adjusting plates. First electromagnets are installed at the bottoms on both sides of the first opening. One end of the restraining spring is fixedly installed on the upper adjusting plate, and the other end is fixedly installed on the connecting plate through a fixing bolt.

[0008] To solve the above technical defects existing in the existing railway fastener automatic unloading operation vehicle, the preferred technical solution two adopted by the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0009] A railway fastener automatic picking and installing mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged mounting supports. Displacement adaptive connection mechanisms are symmetrically installed on the inner sides of the lower parts of the two mounting supports. An angle adaptive picking mechanism is installed between the two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms.

[0010] Preferably, the displacement adaptive connection mechanism includes a spline shaft, a spring, and a spline bushing. One end of the spline shaft is installed on the mounting support. The spring is sleeved on the spline shaft. The other end of the spline shaft is sleeved with the spline bushing. The spline bushing is fixedly installed on the angle adaptive picking mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, in any of the above solutions, the angle adaptive picking mechanism includes an inner connecting plate, a rubber plate, an outer connecting plate, and a second electromagnet. The rubber plate has the shape of a first circle, and a second opening is provided in the middle of the first circle. A second sector-shaped notch is radially formed on one side of the second opening along the first circle. An outer connecting plate mounting groove is formed in the middle of the outer circular surface of the rubber plate, and an inner connecting plate mounting groove is formed in the middle of the inner circular surface of the rubber plate. The inner connecting plate has the shape of a second circle, and a third opening is provided in the middle of the second circle. A third sector-shaped notch is radially formed on one side of the third opening along the second circle. A first flange surface matching the inner connecting plate mounting groove is provided in the middle of the outer circular surface of the inner connecting plate. An interference fit is provided between the inner connecting plate mounting groove and the first flange surface. The second electromagnets are installed at the bottoms of both sides of the third opening. The outer connecting plate has the shape of a circular ring, and a second flange surface matching the outer connecting plate mounting groove is provided on the upper inner circular surface of the circular ring. A fourth sector-shaped notch is radially formed on one side of the circular ring. An interference fit is provided between the outer connecting plate mounting groove and the second flange surface. Two sector-shaped planes are symmetrically provided on the horizontal direction outward along both sides of the fourth sector-shaped notch at the lower part of the circular ring. The two spline shaft sleeves are respectively installed on the two sector-shaped planes.

[0012] Preferably, in any of the above solutions, the second sector-shaped notch, the third sector-shaped notch, and the fourth sector-shaped notch have the same angle.

[0013] In order to solve the technical defects existing in the above-mentioned existing automatic unloading operation method of railway fasteners, the technical solution of the automatic picking and installing operation method of railway fasteners of the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0014] An automatic picking and installing operation method of railway fasteners, which is implemented by any of the preferred solutions included in the technical solutions of the above two preferred automatic picking and installing mechanisms of railway fasteners, includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Bond the railway fasteners into an integral structure with structural adhesive;

[0016] Step 2: Pick up the railway fastener by energizing the first electromagnet or the second electromagnet. According to the feedback information of the spike position, the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener is moved to above the spike position. The two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms enable the angle adaptive pick-up mechanism to achieve adaptive displacement adjustment along the rail direction. Under normal circumstances, the two springs are in a pre-compressed left-right balanced state. During the process of placing the railway fastener, the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener moves vertically downward. The angle adaptive pick-up mechanism uses the spline shaft as the guiding shaft, and the compression amounts of the two springs on both sides change, achieving front-back offset along the rail direction and automatically adjusting to the center position of the target spike. When the railway fastener is placed in place, the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener moves vertically upward, and the two compressed springs return to the balanced state, causing the angle adaptive pick-up mechanism to return to the center position of the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: The automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener can be flexibly installed on other actuators through the installation support, realizing displacements in different directions, moving to above the spike according to the feedback information of the spike position, and achieving positioning during the automatic placement of the fastener. The fastener is picked up and placed by energizing and de-energizing the electromagnet. The displacement adaptive connection mechanism and the angle adaptive pick-up mechanism ensure that the fastener is accurately installed on the spike, realizing the automatic pick-up and installation operation of the fastener, replacing the existing manual operation, and greatly improving the safety of rail replacement operations. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 For the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener according to the present invention Figure 1 The front view of the shown embodiment.

[0020] Figure 3 For the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener according to the present invention Figure 1 The top view of the shown embodiment.

[0021] Figure 4 For the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener according to the present invention Figure 1 The left view of the shown embodiment.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the displacement adaptive connection mechanism in the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the operating state of a preferred embodiment of the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fastener according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first preferred technical solution of the angle adaptive picking mechanism in the automatic picking and installing mechanism of railway fasteners according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 For the automatic picking and installing mechanism of railway fasteners according to the present invention Figure 7 It is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the illustrated embodiment.

[0026] Figure 9 For the automatic picking and installing mechanism of railway fasteners according to the present invention Figure 8 It is a partial enlarged view at position I of the illustrated embodiment.

[0027] Figure 10 It is a perspective view of the second preferred technical solution of the angle adaptive picking mechanism in the automatic picking and installing mechanism of railway fasteners according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 For the automatic picking and installing mechanism of railway fasteners according to the present invention Figure 10 It is a top view of the illustrated embodiment.

[0029] Figure 12 For the automatic picking and installing mechanism of railway fasteners according to the present invention Figure 10 It is a rear view of the illustrated embodiment.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0031] 1 Displacement adaptive connection mechanism; 11 Spline shaft; 12 Spring; 13 Spline shaft sleeve; 2 Angle adaptive picking mechanism; 21 Upper adjusting plate; 22 Lower adjusting plate; 23 Connecting plate; 24 Ball; 25 Fixed bolt; 26 Constraint spring; 27 First electromagnet; 28 Inner connecting plate; 29 Rubber plate; 30 Outer connecting plate; 31 Second electromagnet; 3 Railway fastener; 4 Mounting support; 51 Sleeper; 52 Automatic picking and installing mechanism of railway fasteners; 53 Rail; 54 Adaptive offset angle. Detailed description of the specific implementation

[0032] Embodiment 1:

[0033] The following combines Figures 1-9 To describe in detail the first preferred technical solution of the automatic picking and installing mechanism of railway fasteners:

[0034] An automatic picking and installing mechanism of railway fasteners includes two symmetrically arranged mounting supports 4. The inner sides of the lower parts of the two mounting supports 4 are symmetrically and oppositely equipped with displacement adaptive connection mechanisms 1, and an angle adaptive picking mechanism 2 is installed between the two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms 1.

[0035] The displacement adaptive connection mechanism 1 includes a spline shaft 11, a spring 12, and a spline shaft sleeve 13. One end of the spline shaft 11 is installed on the mounting support 4. The spring 12 is sleeved on the spline shaft 11. The other end of the spline shaft 11 is sleeved with the spline shaft sleeve 13, and the spline shaft sleeve 13 is fixedly installed on the angle adaptive picking mechanism 2.

[0036] The angle adaptive picking mechanism 2 includes a connecting plate 23, an upper adjusting plate 21, a lower adjusting plate 22, and a constraint spring 26. The outer shape of the connecting plate 23 is a circular shell, and the cavity of the circular shell faces downward. A first opening is provided in the middle thereof. One side of the first opening is provided with a first sector-shaped notch along the radial direction of the circular shell. Two sector-shaped sliding planes are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction outward along both sides of the first sector-shaped notch. Sector-shaped chutes are provided on the upper and lower sides of the two sector-shaped sliding planes along the sector direction. A clearance fit is provided between the upper sides of the two sector-shaped sliding planes and the two upper adjusting plates 21 respectively. The outer shape of the upper adjusting plate 21 is a first sector. The upper adjusting plate 21 is provided with a first ball groove at a position corresponding to the sector-shaped chute along the first sector direction. A number of balls 24 are installed in the first ball groove. A clearance fit is provided between the lower sides of the two sector-shaped sliding planes and the two lower adjusting plates 22 respectively. The outer shape of the lower adjusting plate 22 is a second sector. The lower adjusting plate 22 is provided with a second ball groove at a position corresponding to the sector-shaped chute along the second sector direction. A number of balls 24 are installed in the second ball groove, enabling the connecting plate 23 to slide freely and easily between the upper adjusting plate 21 and the lower adjusting plate 22. Two spline shaft sleeves 13 are respectively installed on the two upper adjusting plates 21. First electromagnets 27 are installed at the bottoms of both sides of the first opening. One end of the constraint spring 26 is fixedly installed on the upper adjusting plate 21, and the other end is fixedly installed on the connecting plate 23 through a fixing bolt 25. The constraint spring 26 is used to constrain the connecting plate 23, enabling the connecting plate 23 to rotate at an angle as required under the action of force. The angle adaptive picking mechanism 2 can enable the connecting plate 23, the first electromagnet 27 below it, and the railway fastener 3 attracted by the first electromagnet 27 to rotate around the axis, so as to adapt to the situation where there is an angular deviation between the railway fastener 3 and the sleeper 51 or the rail 53 during the installation process.

[0037] Working principle of this embodiment: First, bond the railway fasteners 3 into an integrated structure with structural adhesive; second, energize the first electromagnet 27 to pick up the railway fasteners 3. According to the feedback information of the spike position, make the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism 52 of the railway fasteners move above the spike position. The two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms 1 enable the angle adaptive pick-up mechanism 2 to achieve adaptive displacement adjustment along the direction of the rail 53. Under normal circumstances, the two springs 12 are in a pre-compressed left-right balanced state. During the process of placing the railway fasteners 3, the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism 52 of the railway fasteners moves vertically downward. The angle adaptive pick-up mechanism 2 uses the spline shaft 11 as the guiding shaft, and the compression amounts of the two side springs 12 change, achieving front-back offset along the direction of the rail 53 and automatically adjusting to the center position of the target spike. When the railway fasteners 3 are placed in place, the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism 52 of the railway fasteners moves vertically upward, and the two compressed springs 12 return to the balanced state, making the angle adaptive pick-up mechanism 2 return to the center position of the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism 52 of the railway fasteners.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] The following combines Figures 1-6 Figures 10 - 12 to describe in detail the second preferred technical solution of the automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of the railway fasteners:

[0040] An automatic pick-up and installation mechanism of railway fasteners includes two symmetrically arranged mounting brackets 4. The inner sides of the lower parts of the two mounting brackets 4 are symmetrically and oppositely equipped with displacement adaptive connection mechanisms 1, and an angle adaptive pick-up mechanism 2 is installed between the two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms 1.

[0041] The displacement adaptive connection mechanism 1 includes a spline shaft 11, a spring 12, and a spline shaft sleeve 13. One end of the spline shaft 11 is installed on the mounting bracket 4, the spring 12 is sleeved on the spline shaft 11, the other end of the spline shaft 11 is sleeved with the spline shaft sleeve 13, and the spline shaft sleeve 13 is fixedly installed on the angle adaptive pick-up mechanism 2.

[0042] The angle - adaptive picking mechanism 2 includes an inner connecting plate 28, a rubber plate 29, an outer connecting plate 30, and a second electromagnet 31. The outer shape of the rubber plate 29 is a first circle. A second opening is provided in the middle of the first circle. A second sector - shaped notch is radially opened along one side of the second opening on the first circle. An outer - connecting - plate mounting groove is opened in the middle of the outer - circular surface of the rubber plate 29. An inner - connecting - plate mounting groove is opened in the middle of the inner - circular surface of the rubber plate 29. The outer shape of the inner connecting plate 28 is a second circle. A third opening is provided in the middle of the second circle. A third sector - shaped notch is radially opened along one side of the third opening on the second circle. A first flange surface matching the inner - connecting - plate mounting groove is provided in the middle of the outer - circular surface of the inner connecting plate 28. An interference fit is set between the inner - connecting - plate mounting groove and the first flange surface. Second electromagnets 31 are installed at the bottoms on both sides of the third opening. The outer shape of the outer connecting plate 30 is an annular shape. A second flange surface matching the outer - connecting - plate mounting groove is provided on the upper inner - circular surface of the annular shape. A fourth sector - shaped notch is radially opened along one side of the annular shape. An interference fit is set between the outer - connecting - plate mounting groove and the second flange surface. Two sector - shaped planes are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction outward along both sides of the fourth sector - shaped notch at the lower part of the annular shape. Two spline bushings 13 are respectively installed on the two sector - shaped planes. The angles of the second sector - shaped notch, the third sector - shaped notch, and the fourth sector - shaped notch are the same.

[0043] The angle - adaptive picking mechanism 2 connects the inner connecting plate 28, the rubber plate 29, and the outer connecting plate 30 into one body through a rubber vulcanization process, and makes the angle - adaptive picking mechanism 2 rotate a certain angle through the deformation of the rubber plate 29. The angle - adaptive picking mechanism 2 can make the inner connecting plate 28, the second electromagnet 31 below it, and the railway fastener 3 attracted by the second electromagnet 31 rotate around the axis, so as to adapt to the situation that there is an angular deviation between the railway fastener 3 and the sleeper 51 or the rail 53 during the installation process.

[0044] Working principle of this embodiment: First, bond the railway fastener 3 into an integral structure with structural adhesive; Second, pick up the railway fastener 3 by energizing the second electromagnet 31. According to the feedback information of the spike position, make the automatic picking and installing mechanism 52 of the railway fastener move above the spike position. The two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms 1 enable the angle adaptive picking mechanism 2 to achieve adaptive displacement adjustment along the direction of the rail 53. Under normal circumstances, the two springs 12 are in a pre-compressed left-right balanced state. During the process of placing the railway fastener 3, the automatic picking and installing mechanism 52 of the railway fastener moves vertically downward. The angle adaptive picking mechanism 2 uses the spline shaft 11 as the guiding shaft, and the compression amounts of the two side springs 12 change, achieving front-back offset along the direction of the rail 53 and automatically adjusting to the center position of the target spike. When the railway fastener 3 is placed in place, the automatic picking and installing mechanism 52 of the railway fastener moves vertically upward, and the two compressed springs 12 return to the balanced state, making the angle adaptive picking mechanism 2 return to the center position of the automatic picking and installing mechanism 52 of the railway fastener.

[0045] The technical solution of the automatic picking and installing operation method of the railway fastener of the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0046] An automatic picking and installing operation method for railway fasteners, and any preferred solution included in the above-mentioned preferred embodiment is implemented for this method, including the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Bond the railway fastener 3 into an integral structure with structural adhesive;

[0048] Step 2: Pick up the railway fastener 3 by energizing the first electromagnet 27 or the second electromagnet 31. According to the feedback information of the spike position, make the automatic picking and installing mechanism 52 of the railway fastener move above the spike position. The two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms 1 enable the angle adaptive picking mechanism 2 to achieve adaptive displacement adjustment along the direction of the rail 53. Under normal circumstances, the two springs 12 are in a pre-compressed left-right balanced state. During the process of placing the railway fastener 3, the automatic picking and installing mechanism 52 of the railway fastener moves vertically downward. The angle adaptive picking mechanism 2 uses the spline shaft 11 as the guiding shaft, and the compression amounts of the two side springs 12 change, achieving front-back offset along the direction of the rail 53 and automatically adjusting to the center position of the target spike. When the railway fastener 3 is placed in place, the automatic picking and installing mechanism 52 of the railway fastener moves vertically upward, and the two compressed springs 12 return to the balanced state, making the angle adaptive picking mechanism 2 return to the center position of the automatic picking and installing mechanism 52 of the railway fastener.

[0049] The embodiments 1 and 2 are only preferred technical solutions, and the various components and connection relationships involved therein are not limited to the above two implementation solutions described. The settings and connection relationships of the various components in the preferred solutions can be arbitrarily arranged and combined to form a complete technical solution.

Claims

1. An automatic picking and installing mechanism for railway fasteners, characterized in that, it includes two symmetrically arranged mounting supports (4). On the inner sides of the lower parts of the two mounting supports (4), displacement adaptive connection mechanisms (1) are symmetrically installed facing each other. An angle adaptive picking mechanism (2) is installed between the two displacement adaptive connection mechanisms (1). The displacement adaptive connection mechanism (1) includes a spline shaft (11), a spring (12), and a spline bushing (13). One end of the spline shaft (11) is installed on the mounting support (4), the spring (12) is sleeved on the spline shaft (11), the other end of the spline shaft (11) is sleeved with a spline bushing (13), and the spline bushing (13) is fixedly installed on the angle adaptive picking mechanism (2). The angle adaptive picking mechanism (2) includes a connecting plate (23), an upper adjusting plate (21), a lower adjusting plate (22), and a constraint spring (26). The outer shape of the connecting plate (23) is a circular shell, the cavity of the circular shell faces downward, a first opening is provided in the middle thereof, a first sector-shaped notch is radially opened along one side of the first opening on the circular shell, two sector-shaped sliding planes are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction outward along both sides of the first sector-shaped notch, sector-shaped chutes are opened along the sector directions on the upper and lower side surfaces of the two sector-shaped sliding planes, a clearance fit is provided between the upper side surfaces of the two sector-shaped sliding planes and the two upper adjusting plates (21) respectively. The outer shape of the upper adjusting plate (21) is a first sector, a first ball groove is opened at a position corresponding to the sector-shaped chute along the first sector direction on the upper adjusting plate (21), and a number of balls (24) are installed in the first ball groove. A clearance fit is provided between the lower side surfaces of the two sector-shaped sliding planes and the two lower adjusting plates (22) respectively. The outer shape of the lower adjusting plate (22) is a second sector, a second ball groove is opened at a position corresponding to the sector-shaped chute along the second sector direction on the lower adjusting plate (22), and a number of balls (24) are installed in the second ball groove. Two spline bushings (13) are respectively installed on the two upper adjusting plates (21). First electromagnets (27) are installed at the bottoms of both sides of the first opening. One end of the constraint spring (26) is fixedly installed on the upper adjusting plate (21), and the other end is fixedly installed on the connecting plate (23) through a fixing bolt (25).

2. The automatic picking and installing mechanism for railway fasteners according to claim 1, characterized in that, Alternatively, the angle adaptive picking mechanism (2) includes an inner connecting plate (28), a rubber plate (29), an outer connecting plate (30), and a second electromagnet (31). The rubber plate (29) has the shape of a first circle, and a second opening is provided in the middle of the first circle. A second sector notch is radially opened along one side of the second opening. An outer connecting plate mounting groove is opened in the middle of the outer circular surface of the rubber plate (29), and an inner connecting plate mounting groove is opened in the middle of the inner circular surface of the rubber plate (29). The inner connecting plate (28) has the shape of a second circle, and a third opening is provided in the middle of the second circle. A third sector notch is radially opened along one side of the third opening. A first flange surface matching the inner connecting plate mounting groove is provided in the middle of the outer circular surface of the inner connecting plate (28). An interference fit is provided between the inner connecting plate mounting groove and the first flange surface. The second electromagnets (31) are mounted at the bottoms of both sides of the third opening. The outer connecting plate (30) has the shape of an annular ring. A second flange surface matching the outer connecting plate mounting groove is provided on the inner circular surface of the upper part of the annular ring. A fourth sector notch is radially opened along one side of the annular ring. An interference fit is provided between the outer connecting plate mounting groove and the second flange surface. Two sector planes are symmetrically provided in the horizontal direction outward along both sides of the fourth sector notch at the lower part of the annular ring. Two spline bushings (13) are respectively mounted on the two sector planes.

3. The automatic picking and installing mechanism for railway fasteners according to claim 2, wherein, the angles of the second sector notch, the third sector notch, and the fourth sector notch are the same.

4. A method for automatically picking and installing railway fasteners. Any one of the solutions in claims 1 to 3 is implemented for this method, wherein, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Bond the railway fasteners (3) into an integral structure with structural adhesive; Step 2: Pick up the railway fasteners (3) by energizing the first electromagnet (27) or the second electromagnet (31). According to the feedback information of the spike position, move the automatic picking and installing mechanism (52) of the railway fasteners to above the spike position. The two displacement adaptive connecting mechanisms (1) enable the angle adaptive picking mechanism (2) to achieve adaptive displacement adjustment along the direction of the rail (53). Under normal circumstances, the two springs (12) are in a pre-compressed left-right balanced state. During the process of placing the railway fasteners (3), the automatic picking and installing mechanism (52) of the railway fasteners moves vertically downward. The angle adaptive picking mechanism (2) uses the spline shaft (11) as the guiding shaft, and the compression amounts of the two side springs (12) change, realizing front and rear offset along the direction of the rail (53), and automatically adjusting to the target spike center position. When the railway fasteners (3) are placed in place, the automatic picking and installing mechanism (52) of the railway fasteners moves vertically upward, and the two compression springs (12) return to the balanced state, causing the angle adaptive picking mechanism (2) to return to the center position of the automatic picking and installing mechanism (52) of the railway fasteners.

Images