A composite material of tobacco dust and distiller's grains for suppressing plant diseases and insect pests and a method for preparing the same

Abstract

Disclosed is a composite material for inhibiting plant diseases and insect pests, comprising a solid substrate and a fermentation bacterial agent; wherein the fermentation bacterial agent is selected from a bacillus subtilis agent. In addition, a preparation method of the composite material is also disclosed. The bacillus subtilis and the solid substrate composed of tobacco stems, distiller's grains and rice husks are subjected to solid fermentation, and the obtained composite material has a good biological control effect on pepper fusarium wilt.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of soil remediation and improvement, and relates to a composite material of tobacco dust and distiller's grains for inhibiting plant diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Since 2013, the average annual output value of pepper has ranked first among all kinds of vegetables in China, and the planting area of pepper is also expanding. In the growth process of pepper, pepper wilt is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases in the production process of pepper. The occurrence of this disease was first reported in China in the 1950s.

[0003] Studies have shown that pepper wilt is usually caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The spores of Fusarium oxysporum can survive in the soil or air for 10 years and still have pathogenicity. Since Fusarium oxysporum can form chlamydospores to resist environmental changes and invasions, there is no economic and effective method to prevent and control and eradicate this disease. Once the disease occurs, it is difficult to eradicate. Moreover, the pathogen of pepper wilt accumulates in the soil year by year, especially in the soil of long-term single pepper continuous cropping, the pepper wilt becomes more serious year by year, causing huge economic losses to agricultural production.

[0004] The use of chemical control methods can prevent and control pepper wilt to some extent, but the use cost is high, the toxicity is large, and the environment is seriously polluted. The biological control method has the advantages of low cost and no environmental pollution, but the existing biological materials have not ideal prevention and control effect on pepper wilt. Therefore, it has broad application prospect to find or screen high-resistance microbial strains of pepper wilt in the prior art and develop biocontrol materials that can effectively prevent and control pepper wilt.

[0005] Chinese Patent CN102443559B and "Biological control effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 41B-1 on peanut white thread disease" disclose a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for preventing and controlling cotton verticillium wilt and peanut white thread disease and its application. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is non-toxic to humans and animals, non-toxic to crops, green and environmentally friendly, has remarkable effect on preventing and controlling cotton verticillium wilt and peanut white thread disease, and has good development prospect as a biological material. However, no one has studied the effect of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on preventing and controlling pepper wilt.

[0006] In view of the above technical defects in the prior art, it is urgent to find a composite material for inhibiting plant diseases and insect pests, especially for preventing and controlling pepper wilt, and a preparation method thereof. The inventors have found that the solid substrate composed of Bacillus subtilis, tobacco dust, distiller's grains and rice husk together for solid fermentation has good biological control effect on pepper wilt. SUMMARY

[0007] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a composite material for inhibiting plant diseases and pests. The composite material can more effectively achieve the biological control effect on pepper wilt.

[0008] The second purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of the composite material. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for large-scale production.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, in one aspect, the present application provides a composite material for inhibiting plant diseases and pests, comprising a solid matrix and a fermentation bacterial agent; characterized in that the fermentation bacterial agent is selected from Bacillus subtilis agent.

[0010] According to the composite material of the present application, the solid matrix is composed of tobacco dust, corn vinasse and rice husk.

[0011] According to the composite material of the present application, the weight ratio of corn vinasse to tobacco dust is (3-5):1.

[0012] According to the composite material of the present application, the weight ratio of rice husk to tobacco dust is (1-2):1.

[0013] According to the composite material of the present application, the weight ratio of the fermentation bacterial agent to the solid matrix is 100:(10-15).

[0014] According to the composite material of the present application, the fermentation bacterial agent is prepared by the following method: preparing PDA slant medium, inoculating Bacillus subtilis after sterilization, culturing at 30-35℃ for 4-6 days to obtain spore suspension of Bacillus subtilis; preparing seed liquid medium, inoculating spore suspension of Bacillus subtilis at an inoculation amount of 1-3% after sterilization, and culturing at 30-35℃ and 180-260rpm for 3-5 days to obtain fermentation bacterial agent.

[0015] According to the composite material of the present application, the PDA slant medium is: potato 200g; glucose 20g; agar 18g; distilled water 1000g.

[0016] According to the composite material of the present application, the seed liquid medium is: potato 200g; glucose 20g; magnesium sulfate 1g; iron sulfate 0.012g; manganese sulfate 0.003; zinc sulfate 0.002; potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4g; sodium nitrate 1.5g; ammonium sulfate 1.2g; calcium chloride 1.5g; distilled water 1000g.

[0017] In another aspect, the present application also provides a preparation method of the composite material, which comprises: mixing the solid matrix and the fermentation agent according to a formula ratio in a container, adding 2-3 times of distilled water based on the total weight of the solid matrix and the fermentation agent; placing the container in a compost fermentation tray, and performing solid fermentation at 28-32℃ to obtain the composite material.

[0018] According to the preparation method, the solid fermentation time is 20-30 days.

[0019] The present application has the following advantages:

[0020] (1) Compared with the prior art, the composite material can more effectively achieve the biological control effect on pepper fusarium wilt.

[0021] (2) The preparation method of the composite material is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for large-scale production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present application is further described below in combination with examples, but the application is not limited to the examples. Unless otherwise specified, the percentages in the examples are all mass percentages.

[0023] In the present application, the bacillus subtilis is from Nanjing Agricultural University. The original strain is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on December 13, 2011, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 5582.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] (1) Prepare a PDA slant medium, inoculate the bacillus subtilis after sterilization, and culture at 32℃ for 5 days to obtain a spore suspension of the bacillus subtilis. The PDA slant medium comprises: 200g of potato, 20g of glucose, 18g of agar, and 1000g of distilled water.

[0026] (2) Prepare a seed liquid medium, inoculate the spore suspension of the bacillus subtilis according to an inoculation amount of 2% after sterilization, and culture at 32℃ and 220rpm on a shaking table for 4 days to obtain a fermentation agent. The seed liquid medium comprises: 200g of potato, 20g of glucose, 1g of magnesium sulfate, 0.012g of iron sulfate, 0.003g of manganese sulfate, 0.002g of zinc sulfate, 4g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5g of sodium nitrate, 1.2g of ammonium sulfate, 1.5g of calcium chloride, and 1000g of distilled water.

[0027] (3) The solid substrate was prepared according to the weight ratio of corn vinasse: rice hull: tobacco dust = 4: 1.5: 1. The solid substrate and the fermentation agent were mixed in a container according to the weight ratio of the fermentation agent to the solid substrate = 100: 12, and then distilled water was added in an amount of 2 times the weight of the mixture; the container was placed in a compost fermentation tray, the compost height was 10 cm, and solid fermentation was carried out at 30°C for 25 days to obtain the composite material of Example 1.

[0028] The composite material of Example 1 and the control group (solid substrate with the weight ratio of corn vinasse: rice hull: tobacco dust = 4: 1.5: 1) were mixed with soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, respectively, and were then filled into flowerpots. Water was added to saturation, and the flowerpots were placed at room temperature for 5 days. The pepper seedlings that grew for 5 days were washed to remove the root substrate, and then were inoculated with pepper fusarium wilt spore suspension with a concentration of 1 x 10 -6 The roots of the seedlings were immersed in the suspension for 30 min, and then were transplanted into the flowerpot substrate of Example 1 and the control group. There were 20 seedlings in each group. After 30 days of treatment, the plant height and fresh weight of stems and leaves of the pepper seedlings and the incidence of pepper fusarium wilt were measured, respectively.

[0029] The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0030] Table 1

[0031]

[0032] It should be understood that the specific embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the principles and principles of the present application, and are not used to limit the scope of the present application. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content of the present application, those skilled in the art can make various modifications, replacements, deletions, corrections or adjustments to the technical solutions of the present application, and these equivalent technical solutions also fall within the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A composite material for inhibiting plant pests, the composite material being formed by a solid substrate and a fermentation agent; and being prepared according to the following method, (1) preparing a PDA slant medium, inoculating Bacillus subtilis CGMCC No. 5582 after sterilization, and culturing at 32℃ for 5 days to obtain a spore suspension of Bacillus subtilis; the PDA slant medium is composed of 200g of potato, 20g of glucose, 18g of agar, and 1000g of distilled water; (2) preparing a seed liquid medium, inoculating the spore suspension of Bacillus subtilis at an inoculation amount of 2% after sterilization, and culturing at 32℃ and 220rpm for 4 days to obtain a fermentation agent; the seed liquid medium is composed of 200g of potato, 20g of glucose, 1g of magnesium sulfate, 0.012g of iron sulfate, 0.003g of manganese sulfate, 0.002g of zinc sulfate, 4g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5g of sodium nitrate, 1.2g of ammonium sulfate, 1.5g of calcium chloride, and 1000g of distilled water; (3) preparing the solid substrate according to a weight ratio of corn vinasse: rice husk: tobacco dust of 4:1.5:1; mixing the solid substrate and the fermentation agent in a container according to a weight ratio of the fermentation agent to the solid substrate of 100:12, and then adding distilled water in an amount of 2 times the total weight of the fermentation agent and the solid substrate; placing the container in a compost fermentation tray, setting the compost height to 10cm, and then performing solid fermentation at 30℃ for 25 days to obtain the composite material.

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