Block caving

Abstract

The invention discloses a natural caving mining method, which is to carry out integrated mining of multiple ore veins and interlayer stones between adjacent ore veins, and the natural caving mining method comprises: forming a transportation level at the bottom of the ore vein, the transportation level comprises a transportation lane; forming a mining level above the transportation level, the mining level comprises multiple mining lanes and multiple loading lanes, and a ore-discharging point is arranged in the loading lane; pulling the ore veins and interlayer stones above the mining level to form a bottom pulling level, and forming an ore-collecting trough between the bottom pulling level and the loading lane; caving the ore veins and interlayer stones above the bottom pulling level, and the ore after caving enters the loading lane through the ore-collecting trough; transporting the ore to the ore-discharging point; and performing grade detection on the ore at the ore-discharging point, and separating and transporting the low-grade ore and the high-grade ore. The natural caving mining method of the invention can mine thin ore veins, and has low mining cost, high mining efficiency and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a natural caving mining method. Background Art

[0002] In the related art, the main mining methods used for mining thin-vein ore bodies include upward layered filling mining method, ore retention method, etc. However, the main disadvantages of the above-mentioned mining methods are that the mining site structure is small in size, not suitable for large-scale equipment operation, low production efficiency, and cannot achieve large-scale mining. The upward layered approach filling method has a complex production process and high production cost, and cannot achieve economic mining for ore bodies with slightly lower grades. The ore retention method requires a large number of ore pillars to be left in production. For ore bodies with higher grades, the loss is too large, which is not conducive to the full recycling of resources. In addition, when the geological conditions of the ore body and the surrounding rock are relatively poor, the operators of the above two mining methods must enter the mining site, which poses certain safety risks. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0004] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a natural caving mining method, which can mine thin ore veins with low mining cost, high mining efficiency and safety.

[0005] According to the natural caving mining method of the embodiment of the present invention, the natural caving mining method performs integral mining on multiple ore veins and the interlayers between adjacent ore veins, and the natural caving mining method comprises the following steps:

[0006] forming a transport level at the bottom of the ore vein, the transport level including a transport tunnel;

[0007] A mine discharge level is formed above the transport level, the mine discharge level includes a plurality of mine discharge lanes and a plurality of ore loading lanes, and ore discharge points are arranged in the ore loading lanes;

[0008] The ore vein and the interlayer are pulled down above the ore discharge level to form a pull-down level, and an ore collecting groove is formed between the pull-down level and the ore loading roadway;

[0009] The ore veins and interlayers above the pull bottom level are naturally collapsed, and the collapsed ore enters the ore loading tunnel through the ore collecting trough;

[0010] Allowing the ore to slide to the ore drawing point by gravity;

[0011] The ore at the ore drawing point is graded, and the low-grade ore and the high-grade ore are separated and transported out separately.

[0012] According to the natural collapse mining method of the embodiment of the present invention, the natural collapse mining method can mine multiple veins and the stones between adjacent veins as a whole. The bottom of the stones between the veins and the adjacent veins is pulled. The veins and stones above the pulling bottom level can collapse naturally downward, and the ore after collapse enters the ore loading tunnel through the ore collecting trough. Due to the natural collapse of the ore, too much manpower is not required during the operation, thereby reducing the cost of ore mining. In addition, the natural collapse mining method can continuously mine the stones between the veins and the adjacent veins, which can improve the mining efficiency of the ore.

[0013] The operator will test the grade of the ore at the ore-drawing point, separate the low-grade ore from the high-grade ore and transport them separately, so as to realize the separate mining and transportation of low-grade ore and high-grade ore, reduce the subsequent ore input to the mill, and reduce the energy consumption and production costs of the enterprise.

[0014] In some embodiments, detecting the ore at the draw point includes:

[0015] Establishing a geological model of the mineral veins and intercalated rocks;

[0016] Formulate a ore-drawing plan for the ore-drawing point;

[0017] The grade of the ore at the draw point is monitored regularly.

[0018] In some embodiments, a chute is formed between the mining tunnel and the transport tunnel, and the low-grade ore and the high-grade ore are transported to the surface through the mining tunnel, the chute and the transport tunnel in sequence.

[0019] In some embodiments, pulling the ore vein and the interlayer stone above the mining level comprises:

[0020] A plurality of bottom pullways arranged at intervals are formed above the ore-exiting level;

[0021] Excavating fan-shaped blast holes in the bottom lane;

[0022] The fan-shaped blast holes are blasted to form the ore collecting trough between the bottom pulling tunnel and the ore loading tunnel.

[0023] In some embodiments, the length direction of the bottom pull tunnel is parallel to the length direction of the mining tunnel, and a bottom pull tunnel is provided directly above each mining tunnel, or two bottom pull tunnels are provided above each mining tunnel, and the two bottom pull tunnels are arranged on both sides of the mining tunnel.

[0024] In some embodiments, a plurality of the mining tunnels and a plurality of the loading tunnels are staggered to form a plurality of mining units, each of the mining units comprising a first mining branch, a second mining branch, a first loading branch and a second loading branch, the first mining branch and the second mining branch are arranged at intervals, the first loading branch and the second loading branch are arranged at intervals, the ore release point is arranged in the first loading branch and the second loading branch, the first end of the first mining branch is connected to the first end of the first loading branch, the second end of the first mining branch is connected to the first end of the second loading branch, the first end of the second mining branch is connected to the second end of the first loading branch, and the second end of the second mining branch is connected to the second end of the second loading branch.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first ore loading branch and the second ore loading branch of each mining unit are both connected to the ore collecting trough, and the ore collecting trough is located between two adjacent ore discharge points.

[0026] In some embodiments, the plurality of ore collecting troughs and the plurality of ore drawing points are evenly arranged.

[0027] In some embodiments, the plurality of the ore veins and the intercalated rocks between adjacent ore veins are divided into a plurality of panel areas, and the plurality of the panel areas are mined separately. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a mining section of a natural caving mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a bottom pulling schematic diagram of the natural caving mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a plan view of a mining section of a natural caving mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a mining unit of a natural caving mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] 100, mining section;

[0034] 1. Transportation level; 11. Transportation lane; 12. Chute;

[0035] 2. Ore discharge level; 21. Ore discharge tunnel; 22. Ore loading tunnel; 23. Mining unit; 231. Ore collection trough; 232. Ore discharge point; 233. First ore discharge branch; 234. Second ore discharge branch; 235. First ore loading branch; 236. Second ore loading branch;

[0036] 3. Bottom level; 31. Bottom tunnel; 32. Fan-shaped blasthole; 33. Peach-shaped pillar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0038] Reference below Figures 1 to 4 A block cave mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, according to the natural caving mining method of an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of ore veins and intercalated stones between adjacent ore veins are formed in the ore section 100, and the intercalated stones between the plurality of ore veins and adjacent ore veins are mined as a whole. The natural caving mining method includes the following steps:

[0040] Conduct structural surface surveys and rock sampling on the ore veins and interlayers within the mining area, analyze the joint structure and the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks; conduct geostress tests within the mining section 100 to understand the size and direction of the geostress field in the mining section; and conduct caving evaluation of the mining section and prediction of caving block size on the basis of the above;

[0041] Determine the best mining range and mining height according to the mining conditions;

[0042] A transport level 1 is formed at the bottom of the ore vein, and the transport level 1 includes a transport tunnel 11;

[0043] A mine level 2 is formed above the transport level 1. The mine level 2 includes a plurality of mine tunnels 21 and a plurality of ore loading tunnels 22. Ore discharge points 232 are provided in the ore loading tunnels 22.

[0044] The ore veins and interlayers are pulled down above the ore discharge level 2 to form a pull-down level 3, and an ore collecting trough 231 is formed between the pull-down level 3 and the ore loading tunnel 22;

[0045] The ore veins and interlayers above the bottom level 3 are naturally collapsed, and the collapsed ore enters the loading tunnel 22 through the ore collecting trough 231;

[0046] Transporting ore to the ore draw point 232;

[0047] The ore at the ore-drawing point 232 is graded and the low-grade ore and the high-grade ore are separated and transported out separately.

[0048] According to the mining method of natural collapse in the embodiment of the present invention, multiple veins and the interlayer stones between adjacent veins can be mined as a whole. By pulling the bottom of the interlayer stones between the veins and the adjacent veins, the veins and interlayer stones above the bottom pulling level 3 can collapse downward naturally, and the ore after collapse enters the ore loading tunnel 22 through the ore collecting trough 231. Due to the natural collapse of the ore, too much manpower is not required during the operation, thereby reducing the cost of ore mining. In addition, according to the mining method of natural collapse in the embodiment of the present invention, the interlayer stones between the veins and the adjacent veins can be continuously mined, which can improve the mining efficiency of the ore.

[0049] In addition, the operator can perform grade detection on the ore at the ore discharge point 232, separate the low-grade ore from the high-grade ore and transport them separately, so as to realize the separate mining and transportation of low-grade ore and high-grade ore, reduce the subsequent ore input to the grinding mill, and reduce the energy consumption and production costs of the enterprise.

[0050] In some embodiments, detecting the ore at the draw point 232 includes:

[0051] Create geological models of mineral veins and intercalated rocks;

[0052] Formulate a ore-laying plan for ore-laying point 232;

[0053] The grade of the ore at draw point 232 is monitored regularly.

[0054] Specifically, a geological model is established in the mining section 100 to assist operators in surveying the ore veins and inter-stone resources of the mining section 100. Based on the flow law of the caved ore, a grade calculation data search model for different ore-dropping height layers of each ore-dropping point 232 is established, and the grade distribution of the ore-dropping point 232 is obtained through geostatistical valuation, and then the ore-dropping height and ore-out grade of each ore-dropping point 232 under different conditions are determined, and the ore-dropping time and ore-dropping amount of each ore-collecting trough 231 and ore-dropping point 232 are formulated accordingly to ensure that the economic benefits and resource recovery rate of the mining section 100 are maximized.

[0055] Since the ore-drawing points 232 in the mining section 100 must be evenly arranged, some of the ore-drawing points 232 may draw ore of higher grade, some of the ore-drawing points 232 may draw ore of lower grade, and even the ore that is almost free of grade during a period of time, that is, all the ore drawn is waste rock. Therefore, when drawing ore at the ore-drawing points 232, the grade of the ore at the ore-drawing points 232 needs to be regularly monitored, so that the low-grade ore and the high-grade ore after the collapse can be separated and transported out respectively in a timely manner.

[0056] Furthermore, a chute 12 is formed between the mining tunnel 21 and the transport tunnel 11, and low-grade ore and high-grade ore are transported to the surface through the mining tunnel 21, the chute 12 and the transport tunnel 11 in sequence. Thus, the natural caving mining method can realize the separate mining and transportation of low-grade ore and high-grade ore, reduce the subsequent ore grinding amount, and reduce the energy consumption and production cost of the enterprise.

[0057] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the bottom pulling of the veins and interlayers above the mining level 2 includes:

[0058] A plurality of bottom pullways 31 arranged at intervals are formed above the ore-exiting level 2;

[0059] A fan-shaped blast hole 32 is excavated in the bottom lane 31;

[0060] The fan-shaped blast holes 32 are blasted to form an ore collecting groove 231 between the bottom pulling tunnel 31 and the ore loading tunnel 22 .

[0061] During the construction process, as the bottom pulling work proceeds, the ore that gradually collapses from the upper part is shoveled out by a shovel loader at the outlet of the mining level 2 to provide new free space for the collapse of the upper ore, and then the upper ore continues to fall until it is connected with the surface or the upper middle section. Then, the crushed ore is transported out in an orderly manner at the ore discharge point 232 of the mining level 2, so that a certain empty area is always maintained between the crushed ore pile in the stope and the boundary of the uncollapsed ore body, so as to provide for the continuous collapse of the upper ore, thereby gradually recovering the ore of the entire mining section 100.

[0062] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the length direction of the bottom lane 31 (such as Figure 1 The front-to-back direction of the middle pull bottom tunnel 31 is parallel to the length direction of the mine exit tunnel 21 (such as Figure 1 Optionally, a bottom pull tunnel 31 is provided above each mining tunnel 21. Optionally, two bottom pull tunnels 31 are provided above each mining tunnel 21, and the two bottom pull tunnels 31 are arranged along the mining tunnel 21. Figure 2 Both sides in the left and right directions.

[0063] It is understandable that if Figure 2 As shown, the height between the bottom pulling level 3 and the ore exiting level 2 can be determined according to the height and stability of the ore section 100. A plurality of peach-shaped ore pillars 33 are arranged at intervals in the bottom pulling level 3. For example, a plurality of peach-shaped ore pillars 33 are arranged along the bottom pulling level 3. Figure 2 The bottom lane 31 can be arranged at the top of the peach-shaped ore pillar 33 in a single row, or can be arranged along the peach-shaped ore pillar 33 in two rows. Figure 2The shoulders in the middle and left-right directions.

[0064] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the arrangement of the mining level 2 can be in the form of a teniente or a herringbone. For example, the arrangement of the mining level 2 is in the form of a teniente.

[0065] Specifically, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of mining tunnels 21 and a plurality of loading tunnels 22 are arranged alternately to form a plurality of mining units 23. Each mining unit 23 includes a first mining branch 233, a second mining branch 234, a first loading branch 235 and a second loading branch 236. The first mining branch 233 and the second mining branch 234 are arranged at intervals, the first loading branch 235 and the second loading branch 236 are arranged at intervals, and the ore release point 232 is set in the first loading branch 235 and the second loading branch 236.

[0066] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first end of the first ore outlet branch 233 (such as Figure 4 The rear end of the first ore discharging branch 233) and the first end of the first ore loading branch 235 (such as Figure 4 The left end of the first ore loading branch 235 is connected to the second end of the first ore discharging branch 233 (such as Figure 4 The front end of the first ore-discharging branch 233) and the first end of the second ore-loading branch 236 (such as Figure 4 The left end of the second ore loading branch 236 is connected to the first end of the second ore discharging branch 234 (such as Figure 4 The rear end of the second ore-discharging branch 234) and the second end of the first ore-loading branch 235 (such as Figure 4 The right end of the first ore loading branch 235 is connected to the second end of the second ore discharging branch 234 (such as Figure 4 The front end of the second ore discharging branch 234 is connected to the second end of the second ore loading branch 236 (such as Figure 4 It can be understood that the first ore-discharging branch 233, the first ore-loading branch 235, the second ore-discharging branch 234 and the second ore-loading branch 236 are connected end to end to generally form a parallelogram structure.

[0067] Furthermore, if Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the first ore-loading branch 235 and the second ore-loading branch 236 of each mining unit 23 are both connected to the ore-collecting trough 231, and the ore-collecting trough 231 is located between two adjacent ore-discharging points 232, and multiple ore-collecting troughs 231 and multiple ore-discharging points 232 are evenly arranged in the mining section 100. It can be understood that the first ore-loading branch 235 and the second ore-loading branch 236 of each mining unit 23 are both connected to the lower end of the ore-collecting trough 231, and two ore-discharging points 232 are arranged in the first ore-loading branch 235 and the second ore-loading branch 236 of each mining unit 23, and the ore-collecting trough 231 is located between two adjacent ore-discharging points 232. In other words, Figure 4 As shown, the two ore-drawing points 232 in the first ore-loading branch 235 and the second ore-loading branch 236 are both located on the left and right sides of the ore-collecting trough 231 .

[0068] Thus, the ore above the bottom level 3 is gathered in the ore collecting trough 231, and then the ore that has collapsed from the upper part is shoveled out by a shovel loader and transported to the ore discharge points 232 on both sides of the ore collecting trough 231, so as to provide new free space for the collapse of the upper ore, and then the upper ore continues to fall until it connects with the surface or the upper middle section.

[0069] Optionally, when the mining range of the ore section 100 is large, the ore section 100 can be divided into multiple panels for mining. Specifically, according to the ore conditions, ore grade and surface cover, multiple ore veins and intercalated rocks between adjacent ore veins are divided into multiple panels, and the multiple panels are mined separately.

[0070] The natural caving mining method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, according to the natural caving mining method of an embodiment of the present invention, multiple veins and intercalated rocks between adjacent veins are formed in the mining section 100, and the multiple veins and intercalated rocks between adjacent veins are mined as a whole.

[0072] Specifically, a total of 276 industrial ore bodies have been delineated within the mining rights of this section, including 39 large, 32 medium and 205 small. There are 23 veins with an average thickness greater than 5m, and 91.7% of the veins have an average thickness of less than 5m. All of them are concealed veins, and the average burial depth of the vein head is 21m to 600m. The main body of the vein is northwest-oriented and steeply inclined to the southwest, with a dip of 225° to 259° and a dip angle of 44° to 61°; the average dip is 239° and the dip angle is 55°. In the saturated state of the borehole rock quality evaluation, soft rock accounts for 83.0% of the 24 layers, with a compressive strength of 3.68MPa to 28.09MPa, and an average of 17.07MPa; semi-hard rock accounts for 16.7%, with a compressive strength of 33.98MPa to 47.35MPa, and an average of 38.42MPa.

[0073] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the natural caving mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0074] Conduct structural surface surveys and rock sampling on the ore veins and interlayers within the mining area, analyze the joint structure and the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks; conduct geostress tests in the mining section to understand the size and direction of the geostress field in the mining section; and conduct caving evaluation of the mining section and prediction of caving block size on the basis of the above;

[0075] Determine the best mining range and mining height according to the mining conditions;

[0076] A transport level 1 is formed at the bottom of the ore vein, the transport level 1 includes a transport tunnel 11, there are a plurality of transport tunnels 11, and the plurality of transport tunnels 11 are arranged in parallel and at intervals;

[0077] A mining level 2 is formed above the transport level 1. The height difference between the transport level 1 and the mining level 2 is about 40 meters. The mining level 2 includes a plurality of mining tunnels 21 and a plurality of loading tunnels 22. The loading tunnels 22 are provided with ore-releasing points 232. The spacing between the ore-releasing points 232 is 14m×14m, and the spacing between the mining tunnels 21 is 28m. The mining level 2 adopts a Teniente layout.

[0078] According to the ore conditions, ore grade and surface cover, multiple veins and intercalated rocks between adjacent veins are divided into multiple panels. Multiple panels are mined separately, and the mining area of ​​the first mining panel is determined to be 120m×340m;

[0079] like Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of bottom pull tunnels 31 are arranged at intervals on the left and right above the ore-exiting level 2, and the interval between the bottom pull tunnels 31 is 14m; the length direction of the bottom pull tunnel 31 is parallel to the length direction of the ore-exiting roadway 21, and a plurality of peach-shaped ore pillars 33 are arranged at intervals on the left and right in the bottom pull level 3, and the bottom pull tunnels 31 are arranged on the shoulders on the left and right sides of the peach-shaped ore pillars 33;

[0080] A fan-shaped blast hole 32 is excavated in the upper part of the bottom tunnel 31;

[0081] Blasting the fan-shaped blast holes 32 to form a certain space between the bottom tunnel 31 and the mining section 100;

[0082] The ore veins and interlayers above the bottom level 3 are naturally collapsed, and the collapsed ore enters the loading tunnel 22 through the ore collecting trough 231;

[0083] Transporting ore to the ore draw point 232;

[0084] Create geological models of mineral veins and intercalated rocks;

[0085] Formulate a ore-laying plan for ore-laying point 232;

[0086] Monitor the grade of the ore at the ore draw point 232 in real time and separate the low-grade ore from the high-grade ore;

[0087] A chute 12 is formed between the mining tunnel 21 and the transportation tunnel 11, and low-grade ore and high-grade ore are transported to the surface through the mining tunnel 21, the chute 12 and the transportation tunnel 11 in sequence.

[0088] Specifically, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of ore-exit tunnels 21 and a plurality of ore-loading tunnels 22 are arranged alternately to form a plurality of mining units 23 , each of which includes a first ore-exit branch 233 , a second ore-exit branch 234 , a first ore-loading branch 235 and a second ore-loading branch 236 .

[0089] like Figure 4 As shown, the rear end of the first ore-discharging branch 233 is connected to the left end of the first ore-loading branch 235, the front end of the first ore-discharging branch 233 is connected to the left end of the second ore-loading branch 236, the rear end of the second ore-discharging branch 234 is connected to the right end of the first ore-loading branch 235, and the front end of the second ore-discharging branch 234 is connected to the right end of the second ore-loading branch 236. It can be understood that the first ore-discharging branch 233, the first ore-loading branch 235, the second ore-discharging branch 234 and the second ore-loading branch 236 are connected end to end to generally form a parallelogram structure.

[0090] Furthermore, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first ore-loading branch 235 and the second ore-loading branch 236 of each mining unit 23 are both connected to the lower end of the ore-collecting trough 231, and two ore-discharging points 232 are arranged in the first ore-loading branch 235 and the second ore-loading branch 236 of each mining unit 23, and the ore-collecting trough 231 is located between two adjacent ore-discharging points 232. In other words, Figure 4 As shown, the two ore-drawing points 232 in the first ore-loading branch 235 and the second ore-loading branch 236 are both located on the left and right sides of the ore-collecting trough 231 .

[0091] Thus, the ore on the upper part of the bottom level 3 is gathered in the ore collecting trough 231, and then the ore that collapses from the upper part slides to the ore discharge points 232 on both sides of the ore collecting trough 231 by its own gravity, providing new free space for the collapse of the upper ore, and then the upper ore continues to fall until it connects with the surface or the upper middle section.

[0092] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0093] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0094] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0095] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0096] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0097] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A natural caving mining method, characterized in that: The multiple ore veins and the intercalated rocks between the adjacent ore veins are mined as a whole, and the natural caving mining method includes: forming a transport level at the bottom of the ore vein, the transport level including a transport tunnel; A mine discharge level is formed above the transport level, the mine discharge level includes a plurality of mine discharge lanes and a plurality of ore loading lanes, and ore discharge points are arranged in the ore loading lanes; The ore vein and the interlayer are pulled down above the ore discharge level to form a pull-down level, and an ore collecting groove is formed between the pull-down level and the ore loading roadway; The ore veins and interlayers above the pull bottom level are naturally collapsed, and the collapsed ore enters the ore loading tunnel through the ore collecting trough; Allowing the ore to slide to the ore drawing point by gravity; Conducting grade testing on the ore at the ore drawing point, separating low-grade ore from high-grade ore and transporting them out separately; Testing the ore at the ore drawing point includes: Establishing a geological model of the mineral veins and intercalated rocks; Formulate a ore-drawing plan for the ore-drawing point; The grade of the ore at the draw point is monitored regularly.

2. The natural caving mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A chute is formed between the mining tunnel and the transport tunnel, and the low-grade ore and the high-grade ore are transported to the surface through the mining tunnel, the chute and the transport tunnel in sequence.

3. The natural caving mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pulling the bottom of the ore vein and the interlayer stone above the ore discharge level includes: A plurality of bottom pullways arranged at intervals are formed above the ore-exiting level; Excavating fan-shaped blast holes in the bottom lane; The fan-shaped blast holes are blasted to form the ore collecting trough between the bottom pulling tunnel and the ore loading tunnel.

4. The natural caving mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length direction of the bottom pull tunnel is parallel to the length direction of the mine exit tunnel, and a bottom pull tunnel is arranged directly above each mine exit tunnel, or Two bottom pull-out lanes are arranged above each of the mine-exit lanes, and the two bottom pull-out lanes are arranged on both sides of the mine-exit lanes.

5. The natural caving mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of the mining tunnels and a plurality of the loading tunnels are arranged alternately to form a plurality of mining units. Each of the mining units comprises a first ore-exiting branch, a second ore-exiting branch, a first ore-loading branch and a second ore-loading branch, the first ore-exiting branch and the second ore-exiting branch are arranged at intervals, the first ore-loading branch and the second ore-loading branch are arranged at intervals, and the ore-releasing point is arranged in the first ore-loading branch and the second ore-loading branch. The first end of the first ore-discharging branch is connected to the first end of the first ore-loading branch, the second end of the first ore-discharging branch is connected to the first end of the second ore-loading branch, the first end of the second ore-discharging branch is connected to the second end of the first ore-loading branch, and the second end of the second ore-discharging branch is connected to the second end of the second ore-loading branch.

6. The natural caving mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first ore-loading branch and the second ore-loading branch of each mining unit are both connected to the ore-collecting trough, and the ore-collecting trough is located between two adjacent ore-discharging points.

7. The natural caving mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plurality of ore collecting troughs and the plurality of ore placing points are evenly arranged.

8. The natural caving mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of ore veins and the intercalated rocks between adjacent ore veins are divided into a plurality of panel areas, and the plurality of panel areas are mined respectively.

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