Low-altitude rearing methods for ghost moth larvae

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for raising bat moth larvae at low altitudes. After the eggs are hatched, the initial environmental temperature of the raising is controlled to be 10-15°C, the oxygen content in the initial environmental air is 12-15%, and the humidity is 60-80%. After raising for 10-15 days, the environmental temperature is gradually increased to 20-25°C, and the oxygen content in the ambient air is gradually increased to the oxygen content of the low-altitude environment. The method provided by the present invention is to acclimate bat moths and their larvae adapted to plateau growth to adapt to the growth of plains, so that their survival rate, egg laying amount, hatching rate, etc. can reach the normal level of the plateau environment, or even better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of insect larvae breeding, and particularly relates to a low-altitude breeding method for bat moth larvae. Background Art

[0002] Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.)GH Sunget et al. is a rare Chinese medicine that is only distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and Gansu. Recently, due to the degradation of the ecological environment and excessive human exploitation, the production of Cordyceps sinensis has dropped significantly. The growth conditions of Cordyceps sinensis are very harsh, and are closely related to altitude, vegetation, climate, etc. It is difficult to achieve large-scale artificial breeding, and artificially bred Cordyceps sinensis is sometimes difficult to reach the quality standards of wild Cordyceps sinensis.

[0003] To achieve large-scale artificial breeding while ensuring the quality of Cordyceps sinensis, one of the basic prerequisites is to continuously and stably supply wild bat moth larvae in large quantities. Bat moth larvae naturally live in plateau soil. In order to simulate their wild environment during breeding, they usually need to use their original plateau soil as the living matrix for bat moth larvae. However, the cost of soil excavation and transportation is high, and large-scale excavation of plateau soil will cause damage to the ecological environment. At the same time, the soil itself is a substance with diverse components and rich nutrients. If plateau soil is simply used, it is easy to bring various microorganisms that make bat moths susceptible to diseases. The generation of bat moth larvae that have left their original growth environment and are raised in the plains have a reduced wildness, that is, a "degeneration" phenomenon, which is mainly manifested in pupation, eclosion and egg-laying. This makes it impossible to continuously and stably supply wild bat moth larvae in large quantities. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention relates to a method for raising bat moth larvae at low altitudes, which aims to acclimate bat moths and their larvae adapted to plateau growth so as to adapt to growth in plains, so that their survival rate, egg-laying amount, hatching rate and the like can reach normal levels of plateau environments or even be better.

[0005] Specifically, the present invention provides a method for raising bat moth larvae at low altitudes. After the eggs are hatched, the initial ambient temperature of the raising is controlled at 10-15°C, the oxygen content in the initial ambient air is 12-15%, and the humidity is 60-80%; after raising for 10-15 days, the ambient temperature is gradually increased to 20-25°C, and the oxygen content in the ambient air is gradually increased to the oxygen content of the low-altitude environment.

[0006] In some embodiments, the ambient temperature is gradually increased over 10-15 days, and the oxygen content in the ambient air is gradually increased over 10-15 days.

[0007] In some embodiments, the process of increasing the ambient temperature and the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air are started simultaneously; or the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air is started after the process of increasing the ambient temperature is completed; or the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air is started after the process of increasing the ambient temperature is completed.

[0008] In some embodiments, 30-50% river sand, 10-20% wood ash, 10-20% peat soil, 10-20% small gravel and 10-20% bran are mixed to form the culture soil, and the relative humidity of the soil is 40-50RH%.

[0009] In some embodiments, during the first month of feeding, the feed is Polygonum villosa and / or carrots sprayed with mixed Polygonum villosa water extract, and the ratio is 1 kg Polygonum villosa and / or carrots plus 20-30 mL Polygonum villosa water extract; after one month of feeding, the ratio of Polygonum villosa water extract in the feed is gradually reduced to 1 kg Polygonum villosa and / or carrots plus 5-10 mL Polygonum villosa water extract.

[0010] In some embodiments, the water extract of Polygonum villosa is prepared by adding 10-20 mL of water to 5 g of Polygonum villosa, boiling for 1-2 hours, and concentrating the mixture to 3-5 mL.

[0011] In some embodiments, gradually reducing the proportion of the Polygonum villosa water extract is done 2 times, 3 times or more in an arithmetic progression.

[0012] In some embodiments, the feed is fed once a day, and fresh feed is fed after the remaining feed is cleaned up on the second day.

[0013] In some embodiments, the incubation includes: setting the initial incubation temperature to 8-10°C, the initial humidity to 75-80%, 12 hours of light per day, and 12 hours of dark avoidance; after 10-15 days, increasing the temperature by 1 degree per day to 15°C, and then incubating at a constant temperature of 15°C.

[0014] In some embodiments, the rearing process further includes pupation and eclosion process; the pupae are placed 2-3 cm below the culture soil, and the container is surrounded by gauze, and eclosion is carried out at 20-25°C.

[0015] By adopting the breeding method of the present invention, the bat moth larvae grown on the plateau can be adapted to grow in a low-altitude environment, and have good effects in terms of hatching time, hatching rate, pupation rate, etc.

[0016] Detailed description

[0017] The invention provides a low-altitude breeding method for bat moth larvae. After eggs are hatched, the initial breeding environment temperature is controlled to be 10-15 DEG C, the oxygen content in the initial ambient air is 12-15%, and the humidity is 60-80%. After breeding for 10-15 days, the ambient temperature is gradually increased to 20-25 DEG C, and the oxygen content in the ambient air is gradually increased to the oxygen content of the low-altitude environment.

[0018] The gradual increase refers to an increase in uniform arithmetic increments in days within a set period.

[0019] The oxygen content of the low altitude environment refers to the oxygen content in the low altitude environment (such as the environment in the plain area), such as 21%. The oxygen content described in the present invention is calculated based on the air and its density in the low altitude area (such as the plain area).

[0020] In some embodiments, the ambient temperature is gradually increased over 10-15 days, and the oxygen content in the ambient air is gradually increased over 10-15 days.

[0021] In some embodiments, the ambient temperature is gradually increased over 10 days, and the oxygen content in the ambient air is gradually increased over 10 days.

[0022] In some embodiments, the process of increasing the ambient temperature and the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air are started simultaneously; or the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air is started after the process of increasing the ambient temperature is completed; or the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air is started after the process of increasing the ambient temperature is completed.

[0023] In some embodiments, the process of increasing the ambient temperature and the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air are started simultaneously.

[0024] In some embodiments, after the process of increasing the ambient temperature is completed, the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air is started.

[0025] In some embodiments, the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air is completed before the process of increasing the ambient temperature is started.

[0026] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for raising bat moth larvae at low altitudes. After the eggs are hatched, the ambient temperature is controlled at 15°C, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air is controlled at 14%. After 10 days of raising, the ambient temperature is gradually increased to 25°C over 10 days, and the oxygen content in the ambient air is gradually increased to the low-altitude ambient oxygen content over 10 days.

[0027] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for raising bat moth larvae at low altitudes. After the eggs are hatched, the initial temperature of the environment is controlled at 15°C, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air is controlled at 14%. After 10 days of raising, the ambient temperature is gradually increased to 25°C over 10 days, and then the oxygen content in the ambient air is gradually increased to the low-altitude environmental oxygen content over 10 days.

[0028] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for raising bat moth larvae at low altitudes. After the eggs are hatched, the initial temperature of the environment is controlled at 15°C, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air is controlled at 14%. After 10 days of raising, the oxygen content in the ambient air is gradually increased to the low-altitude environmental oxygen content over 10 days, and then the ambient temperature is gradually increased to 25°C over 10 days.

[0029] In some embodiments, 30-50% river sand, 10-20% wood ash, 10-20% peat soil, 10-20% small gravel and 10-20% bran are mixed to form the culture soil, and the relative humidity of the soil is 40-50RH%.

[0030] In some embodiments, 50% river sand, 10% wood ash, 20% peat soil, 10% small gravel and 10% chaff are mixed to form the culture soil, and the relative humidity of the soil is 50RH%.

[0031] In some embodiments, during the first month of feeding, the feed is Polygonum villosa and / or carrots sprayed with mixed Polygonum villosa water extract, and the ratio is 1 kg Polygonum villosa and / or carrots plus 20-30 mL Polygonum villosa water extract; after one month of feeding, the ratio of Polygonum villosa water extract in the feed is gradually reduced to 1 kg Polygonum villosa and / or carrots plus 5-10 mL Polygonum villosa water extract.

[0032] For the spraying, the Polygonum villosa aqueous extract can be appropriately diluted with water to a volume that can be evenly sprayed on the Polygonum villosa and / or carrots.

[0033] The gradual reduction refers to a uniform and equal reduction in days within a specified period.

[0034] In some embodiments, the water extract of Polygonum villosa is prepared by adding 10-20 mL of water to 5 g of Polygonum villosa, boiling for 1-2 hours, and concentrating the mixture to 3-5 mL.

[0035] In some embodiments, the water extract of Polygonum villosa is prepared by boiling 5 g of Polygonum villosa with 15 mL of water for 1 hour and concentrating the mixture to 5 mL.

[0036] In some embodiments, gradually reducing the proportion of the Polygonum villosa water extract is done 2 times, 3 times or more in an arithmetic progression.

[0037] The arithmetic difference reduction means that the ratio of each reduction is the same, and the interval of reduction is equal, and each reduction can be 3-8 mL, and the interval time can be 5-15 days. For example, the amount of the Polygonum villosa water extract is reduced every 10 days, and each time the amount of the Polygonum villosa water extract is reduced by 5 mL of the Polygonum villosa water extract according to 1 kg of Polygonum villosa and / or carrot.

[0038] In some embodiments, gradually reducing the proportion of the Polygonum villosa water extract is to reduce the amount of the Polygonum villosa water extract by 5 mL per 1 kg of Polygonum villosa and / or carrot every 10 days, until the ratio of 1 kg of Polygonum villosa and / or carrot plus 5 mL of Polygonum villosa water extract is reached.

[0039] In some embodiments, the feed is fed once a day, and fresh feed is fed after the remaining feed is cleaned up on the second day.

[0040] In some embodiments, the incubation includes: setting the initial incubation temperature to 8-10°C, the initial humidity to 75-80%, 12 hours of light per day, and 12 hours of dark avoidance; after 10-15 days, increasing the temperature by 1 degree per day to 15°C, and then incubating at a constant temperature of 15°C.

[0041] In some embodiments, the rearing process further includes pupation and eclosion process; the pupae are placed 2-3 cm below the culture soil, and the container is surrounded by gauze, and eclosion is carried out at 20-25°C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0043] Example 1 Incubation

[0044] Take the same batch of bat moth larvae eggs brought back from the plateau, remove the damaged, broken and super small eggs through screening, take 800 screened eggs, divide them into eight groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H, 100 eggs in each group, and place them in a temperature-controlled and humidity-controlled incubator for incubation, the initial temperature is set to 10°C, the initial humidity is 80%, the light is on for 12 hours a day, and the light is avoided for 12 hours; after 10 days, the temperature of the four groups A, B, C and D is increased by 1 degree every day to 15°C, and then incubated at a constant temperature of 15°C; the four groups E, F, G and H are incubated at a constant temperature of 10°C; the hatched bat moth larvae are selected from the incubator at any time and placed on the culture soil, which is composed of 50% river sand, 10% wood ash, 20% peat soil, 10% small gravel and 10% bran. 20 larvae are placed in each box until 60 days. Statistics on the hatching situation;

[0045] Table 1 Hatching situation

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Embodiment 2 Feeding

[0049] The larvae of the AH group hatched in Example 1 were raised: the initial environment temperature was 15°C, the humidity was 70%, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air was controlled at 14%; 50% river sand, 10% wood ash, 20% peat soil, 10% small gravel and 10% bran were mixed to form the culture soil, the relative humidity of the soil was 40RH%, and the culture soil was cleaned and replaced every 10 days; Polygonum bulbiferum and carrots were cut into strips or cubes and fed once a day, and fresh feed was fed after cleaning the remaining feed on the second day;

[0050] Groups A and E were raised at an ambient temperature of 25°C and at an ambient oxygen content of low altitude;

[0051] In groups B and F, the ambient temperature was controlled at 15°C, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air was controlled at 14%. After 10 days of feeding, the ambient temperature was gradually increased to 25°C over 10 days, and the oxygen content in the ambient air was gradually increased to the low-altitude ambient oxygen content over 10 days.

[0052] For groups C and G, the initial temperature of the environment was controlled at 15°C, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air was controlled at 14%. After 10 days of feeding, the ambient temperature was gradually increased to 25°C over 10 days, and then the oxygen content in the ambient air was gradually increased to the oxygen content of the low-altitude environment over 10 days.

[0053] In groups D and H, the initial ambient temperature was controlled at 15°C, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air was controlled at 14%. After 10 days of feeding, the oxygen content in the ambient air was gradually increased to the oxygen content of the low-altitude environment over 10 days, and then the ambient temperature was gradually increased to 25°C over 10 days;

[0054] The pupae were raised until they became pupae. The pupae were placed 2-3 cm below the culture soil and surrounded by gauze. They were allowed to eclode at 20°C. The weight, pupation rate, and eclosion rate during the raising process were recorded.

[0055] Table 2 Feeding conditions

[0056] Group Average weight of female pupae (g) Average weight of male pupae (g) Pupa rate Eclosion rate A 0.47 0.32 49％ 86％ B 0.60 0.43 65％ 88％ C 0.65 0.50 69％ 93％ D 0.72 0.56 78％ 96％ E 0.44 0.39 50％ 82％ F 0.59 0.44 66％ 85％ G 0.68 0.53 72％ 91％ H 0.71 0.55 77％ 97％

[0057] Embodiment 3 Feeding

[0058] The AD group larvae hatched in Example 1 were raised: the initial environment temperature was 15°C, the humidity was 70%, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air was controlled at 14%; 50% river sand, 10% wood ash, 20% peat soil, 10% small gravel and 10% bran were mixed to form the culture soil, and the relative humidity of the soil was 40RH%, and the culture soil was cleaned and replaced every 10 days; Polygonum villosa and carrots were cut into strips or dices, and 1 kg of Polygonum villosa and / or carrots were added to 25 mL of Polygonum villosa water extract, and the mixture was sprayed. The Polygonum villosa water extract (the Polygonum villosa water extract is obtained by boiling 5g Polygonum villosa with 15mL water for 1 hour and concentrating to 5mL) is fed once a day, and fresh feed is fed after cleaning the remaining feed on the second day; after feeding for 1 month, the amount of the Polygonum villosa water extract is reduced by 5mL of the Polygonum villosa water extract for 1kg Polygonum villosa and / or carrot every 10 days, until the ratio of 1kg Polygonum villosa and / or carrot to 5mL of the Polygonum villosa water extract is reached, and the feeding is continued with the feed in this ratio;

[0059] Group A, the ambient temperature was controlled at 25°C, and the oxygen content in the air was controlled at the low-altitude ambient oxygen content for feeding;

[0060] Group B, the ambient temperature was controlled at 15°C, the initial oxygen content in the ambient air was controlled at 14%, and after 10 days of feeding, the ambient temperature was gradually increased to 25°C over 10 days, and the oxygen content in the ambient air was gradually increased to the low-altitude ambient oxygen content over 10 days;

[0061] In group C, the initial temperature of the environment was controlled at 15°C, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air was controlled at 14%. After 10 days of feeding, the ambient temperature was gradually increased to 25°C over 10 days, and then the oxygen content in the ambient air was gradually increased to the oxygen content of the low-altitude environment over 10 days;

[0062] In group D, the initial ambient temperature was controlled at 15°C, and the initial oxygen content in the ambient air was controlled at 14%. After 10 days of feeding, the oxygen content in the ambient air was gradually increased to the oxygen content of the low-altitude environment over 10 days, and then the ambient temperature was gradually increased to 25°C over 10 days;

[0063] The pupae were raised until they became pupae. The pupae were placed 2-3 cm below the culture soil and surrounded by gauze. They were allowed to eclode at 20°C. The weight, pupation rate, and eclosion rate during the raising process were recorded.

[0064] Table 3 Feeding conditions

[0065] Group Pupa rate Eclosion rate A 53％ 85％ B 69％ 87％ C 76％ 92％ D 88％ 95％

[0066] Example 4 Mating and egg laying

[0067] After the host bat moths emerge, they mate and lay eggs in 2-5 days. The egg laying amount is counted and the hatching rate is calculated using the hatching method of Group A in Example 1.

[0068] Group Average egg laying amount (grains) Hatching rate A 498 82％ B 586 89％ C 619 85％ D 625 92％ E 486 83％ F 574 84％ G 608 89％ H 611 91％

[0069] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0070] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising bat moth larvae at low altitudes, characterized in that: After the eggs are hatched, the initial temperature of the environment is controlled to be 10-15°C, the oxygen content of the initial environment is 12-15%, and the humidity is 60-80%; after 10-15 days of breeding, the environment temperature is gradually increased to 20-25°C over 10-15 days, and the oxygen content of the environment is gradually increased to the oxygen content of the low altitude environment over 10-15 days; Use 30-50% river sand, 10-20% wood ash, 10-20% peat soil, 10-20% small gravel and 10-20% chaff to make the culture soil, and the relative humidity of the soil is 40-50 RH%; In the first month of feeding, the feed is Polygonum villum and / or carrot sprayed with a mixture of Polygonum villum water extract, and the ratio is 1 kg Polygonum villum and / or carrot plus 20-30 mL Polygonum villum water extract; after one month of feeding, the ratio of Polygonum villum water extract in the feed is gradually reduced to 1 kg Polygonum villum and / or carrot plus 5-10 mL Polygonum villum water extract; The Polygonum villosa water extract is prepared by adding 5 g of Polygonum villosa to 10-20 mL of water, boiling for 1-2 hours, and concentrating to 3-5 mL.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of increasing the ambient temperature and the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air are started simultaneously; or the process of increasing the ambient temperature is completed before the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air is started; or the process of increasing the ambient temperature is completed before the process of increasing the oxygen content in the ambient air is started.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that The ratio of the Polygonum villosa water extract is gradually reduced by 2, 3 or more times in equal steps.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that Feed is given once a day, and fresh feed is fed the next day after the remaining feed is cleaned up.

5. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The incubation includes: setting the initial incubation temperature to 8-10°C, the initial humidity to 75-80%, 12 hours of light per day, and 12 hours of dark protection per day; after 10-15 days, increasing the temperature by 1 degree per day to 15°C, and then incubating at a constant temperature of 15°C.

6. The breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: After rearing, the process also includes pupation and eclosion; the pupae are placed 2-3 cm below the culture soil and surrounded by gauze on all sides of the container, and eclosion is carried out at 20-25 ℃.

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