A fuel cell stack simulator based on simulation model

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model, comprising a communication unit, a microprocessor unit and a display unit connected in sequence; the communication unit sends the input parameters received from the user to the microprocessor unit; the microprocessor unit calculates the operating state of the simulated fuel cell stack based on the received input parameters and a preset fuel cell stack simulation model, and sends the calculation to the communication unit, which then feeds back to the user; the display unit displays the operating state of the simulated fuel cell stack in real time. The simulator of the present invention is provided with a communication unit, and the user can interact with the simulator in real time through the communication unit, adjust the simulator input parameters and obtain the corresponding simulator output parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy. Compared with traditional heat engines, it has the advantages of high operating efficiency, cleanliness, and low noise, and is expected to solve the environmental pollution problem of the energy system. At present, fuel cells have begun to be promoted and applied in the fields of automobiles, drones, and stationary power generation, and have broad application prospects in the future.

[0003] The fuel cell stack is the core component of the fuel cell. It is composed of a stack of membrane electrode, bipolar plate, current collector, end plate and other components. The performance of the membrane electrode is the decisive factor in determining the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack. The main technical indicators that affect the performance of the membrane electrode include ohmic internal resistance, reference exchange current density, electrochemical active area, limiting current density, etc. During the operation of the fuel cell stack, operating conditions will also affect the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack, including temperature, pressure, humidity, hydrogen stoichiometric ratio, air stoichiometric ratio, etc.

[0004] A large number of tests are required in the process of developing fuel cell systems, fuel cell engines, and fuel cell test platforms. If the fuel cell stack is used directly for testing, the procurement cost of the stack is high, and a large amount of hydrogen is consumed, which poses a safety risk. The stack will experience performance degradation during operation, extreme operating conditions will accelerate the aging of the stack, and improper operation may also cause damage to the stack, and it will not be able to maintain stable and consistent output characteristics for a long time. For the fuel cell test platform, it is necessary to adapt to stacks with different power ranges and different output characteristics. The use of real fuel cell stacks cannot meet this requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to use a fuel cell stack simulator to achieve stable and controllable discharge characteristics, which can greatly reduce testing costs and shorten the development cycle.

[0005] Most existing fuel cell stack simulators write the test stack polarization curve data into the program and calculate the stack output by data fitting, which cannot fully meet the test requirements of developing fuel cell systems, fuel cell engines and fuel cell test platforms. The main problems are as follows: 1) It depends on test data and can only simulate one or several types of stacks, and cannot flexibly adjust the output characteristics; 2) It does not have the function of simulating stack faults and cannot be used to develop stack fault diagnosis methods. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model, which is equipped with a communication unit. A user can interact with the simulator in real time through the communication unit, adjust simulator input parameters and obtain corresponding simulator output parameters.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives and the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model comprises a communication unit, a microprocessor unit and a display unit connected in sequence;

[0009] The communication unit sends the received input parameters sent by the user to the microprocessor unit;

[0010] The microprocessor unit calculates the operating state of the simulated fuel cell stack based on the received input parameters and the preset fuel cell stack simulation model, and sends the calculated state to the communication unit, which then feeds back the calculated state to the user.

[0011] The display unit displays the operating status of the simulated fuel cell stack in real time.

[0012] Optionally, the input parameters include stack operating conditions and stack discharge mode.

[0013] Optionally, the microprocessor unit includes a calculation module, which includes a reversible voltage calculation submodule, an activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, an ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and a concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule; the reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule respectively calculate the reversible voltage E based on the received input parameters. r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc .

[0014] Optionally, the preset fuel cell stack simulation model includes:

[0015] Discharge voltage calculation formula: E stack =E r -ΔV act -ΔV ohm -ΔV conc =f1(I)

[0016] The calculation formula of battery stack efficiency is η=E stack / E r ;

[0017] Discharge power calculation formula Power = E stack I;

[0018] Heating power calculation formula H=(E r -E stack )·I.

[0019] Optionally, when the stack discharge mode is constant current discharge, the stack discharge current I and the stack operating conditions are used as input parameters;

[0020] The reversible voltage E calculated by the reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule are respectively r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc Substitute into the discharge voltage formula and calculate the discharge voltage E stack , E stack =E r -ΔV act -ΔV ohm -ΔV conc =f1(I);

[0021] Calculate the stack efficiency based on the stack efficiency calculation formula;

[0022] Calculating the discharge power based on the discharge power calculation formula;

[0023] Based on the heating power calculation formula, the heating power is calculated.

[0024] Optionally, when the stack discharge mode is constant voltage discharge, the stack discharge voltage E stack and stack operating conditions as input parameters;

[0025] Set the initial value of the discharge current I0, substitute the initial value of the discharge current I0 into the discharge voltage calculation formula E0=f1(I0), and calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E0;

[0026] Compare the calculated discharge voltage E0 with the stack discharge voltage E stack , adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm, and substitute the adjusted discharge current I1 into E1=f1(I1) to calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E1;

[0027] Continue to adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm and perform iterative calculations until the calculated discharge voltage E n and the stack discharge voltage E stack The error satisfies |E n -E stack |<Tolerance1, determine the final discharge current I n ;

[0028] Based on the calculation formula of stack efficiency η=E n / E r , calculate the stack efficiency;

[0029] Based on the discharge power calculation formula Power = E n I n , calculate the discharge power;

[0030] Based on the heat generation power calculation formula H = (E r -E n )·I n , calculate the heating power.

[0031] Optionally, when the stack discharge mode is constant power discharge, the stack discharge power Power and the stack operating conditions are used as input parameters;

[0032] Set the initial value of the discharge current I0, substitute the initial value of the discharge current I0 into the discharge voltage calculation formula E0=f1(I0), calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E0, and then calculate the discharge power Power0 based on Power0=E0·I0=f1(I0)·I0;

[0033] Compare the calculated discharge power Power0 with the stack discharge power Power, adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm, substitute the adjusted discharge current I1 into E1=f1(I1) to calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E1, and then calculate the discharge power Power1 based on Power1=E1·I1=f1(I1)·I1;

[0034] Continue to adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm and perform iterative calculations until the calculated discharge power Power n The error with the stack discharge power Power satisfies |Power n -Power|<Tolerance2, determine the final discharge current I n ;

[0035] Based on the calculation formula of stack efficiency η=E n / E r , calculate the stack efficiency;

[0036] Based on the discharge power calculation formula Power = E n I n , calculate the discharge power;

[0037] Based on the heat generation power calculation formula H = (E r -E n )·I n , calculate the heating power.

[0038] Optionally, the calculation module includes a fault simulation submodule, the fault simulation submodule includes a machine learning model, the machine learning model is established based on a benchmark test of a typical fault state of the battery stack, and is used to calculate the voltage loss E caused by the battery stack fault. loss ;

[0039] The reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule respectively calculate the reversible voltage E r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc ;

[0040] The reversible voltage E r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc Substitute into the discharge voltage formula and calculate the discharge voltage E stack , E stack =E r -ΔV act -ΔV ohm -ΔV conc =f1(I);

[0041] Deduct the voltage loss E caused by the battery stack failure loss , and obtain the discharge voltage E under the stack fault state fault , E fault =E stack -E loss ;

[0042] Based on the calculation formula of stack efficiency η=E fault / E r Calculate the stack efficiency η under stack failure state;

[0043] Based on the discharge power calculation formula Power = E fault I calculates the discharge power under the fault condition of the battery stack;

[0044] Based on the heat generation power calculation formula H = (E r -E fault )·I calculates the heating power H under the fault state of the fuel cell stack.

[0045] Optionally, the calculation module includes a set of complete fuel cell stack technical parameters, the fuel cell stack technical parameters include membrane electrode active area, number of battery cells, ohmic internal resistance, membrane electrode hydrogen permeation current density, membrane electrode reference exchange current density, membrane electrode electrochemical active area, membrane electrode limiting current density, and the fuel cell stack technical parameters are respectively used as model parameters of the reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule;

[0046] The method for obtaining the technical parameters of the fuel cell stack includes:

[0047] Measurement method: directly measured by experimental method; or

[0048] Parameter fitting method: measure the polarization curves under different battery stack operating conditions and obtain them through parameter fitting method;

[0049] When adjusting the specific values ​​of the technical parameters of each fuel cell stack, a variety of different stacks can be simulated.

[0050] Optionally, the stack operating conditions include stack operating temperature T, air inlet flow rate Q air , air inlet humidity RH air , air flow channel back pressure P air , Hydrogen inlet flow rate Q H2 , Hydrogen inlet humidity RH H2 and hydrogen flow channel back pressure P H2 .

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0052] (1) The present invention proposes a fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model, which is equipped with a communication unit. A user can interact with the simulator in real time through the communication unit, adjust simulator input parameters and obtain corresponding simulator output parameters. The simulator can be used for the development and testing of fuel cell systems, fuel cell engines and fuel cell test platforms, and can greatly reduce the testing cost.

[0053] (2) The fuel cell stack simulator of the present invention can accurately simulate the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack by simulating the electrochemical, heat transfer, and mass transfer processes of the stack.

[0054] (3) The fuel cell stack simulator of the present invention includes complete stack technical parameters, and a variety of different stacks can be simulated by adjusting these parameters.

[0055] (4) The fuel cell stack simulator of the present invention has the function of simulating the fault state of the fuel cell stack and can be used to develop a fuel cell stack fault diagnosis method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below according to specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0057] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the principle of a fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the calculation principle of a calculation module according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] The application principle of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0062] Most of the existing fuel cell stack simulators write the stack polarization curve data measured in the experiment into the program, and calculate the stack output by data fitting, which cannot fully meet the test requirements of developing fuel cell systems, fuel cell engines and fuel cell test platforms. The main problems are as follows: 1) It depends on the test data and can only simulate one or several types of stacks, and the output characteristics cannot be flexibly adjusted; 2) It does not have the function of simulating stack failures and cannot be used to develop stack fault diagnosis methods. To this end, the present invention proposes a fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model, with a communication unit, through which the user can interact with the simulator in real time, adjust the simulator input parameters and obtain the corresponding simulator output parameters, which can be used for the development and testing of fuel cell systems, fuel cell engines and fuel cell test platforms, and can greatly reduce the testing cost.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, a fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model is proposed, comprising a communication unit, a microprocessor unit and a display unit connected in sequence;

[0065] The communication unit sends the received input parameters sent by the user to the microprocessor unit;

[0066] The microprocessor unit calculates the operating state of the simulated fuel cell stack based on the received input parameters and the preset fuel cell stack simulation model, and sends the calculated state to the communication unit, which then feeds back the calculated state to the user.

[0067] The display unit displays the operating status of the simulated fuel cell stack in real time; in actual application, the operating status of the simulated fuel cell stack includes discharge current, discharge voltage, fuel cell stack efficiency, discharge power, heating power, fault status, etc.

[0068] The calculation module contains a complete set of fuel cell stack technical parameters, including membrane electrode active area, number of battery cells, ohmic internal resistance, membrane electrode hydrogen permeation current density, membrane electrode reference exchange current density, membrane electrode electrochemical active area, membrane electrode limiting current density, and the fuel cell stack technical parameters are used as model parameters of the reversible voltage calculation submodule, activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule. In the specific implementation process, the fuel cell stack technical parameters can be obtained by the following two methods:

[0069] Method 1: Measurement method: directly measure relevant technical parameters through experimental methods;

[0070] Method 2: Parameter fitting method: measuring different stack operating conditions (stack operating temperature T, air inlet flow rate Q air , air inlet humidity RH air , air flow channel back pressure P air , Hydrogen inlet flow rate Q H2 , Hydrogen inlet humidity RH H2 , Hydrogen flow channel back pressure P H2 ) and obtain the relevant technical parameters through parameter fitting method.

[0071] The input parameters include stack operating conditions and stack discharge mode; the stack operating conditions include stack operating temperature T, air inlet flow rate Q air , air inlet humidity RH air , air flow channel back pressure P air , Hydrogen inlet flow rate Q H2 , Hydrogen inlet humidity RH H2 and hydrogen flow channel back pressure P H2 ; The stack discharge modes include constant current discharge, constant voltage discharge and constant power discharge. When the discharge mode is constant current discharge, the user needs to specify the discharge current; when the discharge mode is constant voltage discharge, the user needs to specify the discharge voltage; when the discharge mode is constant power discharge, the user needs to specify the discharge power.

[0072] The microprocessor unit includes a calculation module, which includes a reversible voltage calculation submodule, an activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, an ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and a concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule; the reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule respectively calculate the reversible voltage E based on the received input parameters. r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc .

[0073] The preset fuel cell stack simulation model includes:

[0074] Discharge voltage calculation formula: E stack =E r -ΔV act -ΔV ohm -ΔV conc =f1(I)

[0075] The calculation formula of battery stack efficiency is η=E stack / E r ;

[0076] Discharge power calculation formula Power = E stack I;

[0077] Heating power calculation formula H=(E r -E stack )·I.

[0078] When the stack discharge mode is constant current discharge, the stack discharge current I and the stack operating conditions are used as input parameters;

[0079] The reversible voltage E calculated by the reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule are respectively r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc Substitute into the discharge voltage formula and calculate the discharge voltage E stack , E stack =E r -ΔV act -ΔV ohm -ΔV conc =f1(I);

[0080] Calculate the stack efficiency based on the stack efficiency calculation formula;

[0081] Calculating the discharge power based on the discharge power calculation formula;

[0082] Based on the heating power calculation formula, the heating power is calculated.

[0083] When the stack discharge mode is constant voltage discharge, the stack discharge voltage E stack and stack operating conditions as input parameters;

[0084] Set the initial value of the discharge current I0, substitute the initial value of the discharge current I0 into the discharge voltage calculation formula E0=f1(I0), and calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E0;

[0085] Compare the calculated discharge voltage E0 with the stack discharge voltage E stack , adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm, and substitute the adjusted discharge current I1 into E1=f1(I1) to calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E1;

[0086] Continue to adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm and perform iterative calculations until the calculated discharge voltage E n and the stack discharge voltage E stack The error satisfies |E n -E stack |<Tolerance1, determine the final discharge current I n ;

[0087] Based on the calculation formula of stack efficiency η=E n / E r , calculate the stack efficiency;

[0088] Based on the discharge power calculation formula Power = E n I n , calculate the discharge power;

[0089] Based on the heat generation power calculation formula H = (E r -E n )·I n , calculate the heating power.

[0090] When the stack discharge mode is constant power discharge, the stack discharge power Power and stack operating conditions are used as input parameters;

[0091] Set the initial value of the discharge current I0, substitute the initial value of the discharge current I0 into the discharge voltage calculation formula E0=f1(I0), calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E0, and then calculate the discharge power Power0 based on Power0=E0·I0=f1(I0)·I0;

[0092] Compare the calculated discharge power Power0 with the stack discharge power Power, adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm, substitute the adjusted discharge current I1 into E1=f1(I1) to calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E1, and then calculate the discharge power Power1 based on Power1=E1·I1=f1(I1)·I1;

[0093] Continue to adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm and perform iterative calculations until the calculated discharge power Power n The error with the stack discharge power Power satisfies |Power n -Power|<Tolerance2, determine the final discharge current I n ;

[0094] Based on the calculation formula of stack efficiency η=E n / E r , calculate the stack efficiency;

[0095] Based on the discharge power calculation formula Power = E n I n , calculate the discharge power;

[0096] Based on the heat generation power calculation formula H = (E r -E n )·I n , calculate the heating power.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] Based on Example 1, the difference between the embodiment of the present invention and Example 1 is that:

[0099] The calculation module includes a fault simulation submodule, which includes a machine learning model. The machine learning model is established based on a benchmark test of typical fault conditions of the stack (including flooding, membrane drying, gas shortage, short circuit, catalyst poisoning, etc.) and is used to calculate the voltage loss E caused by the stack fault. loss ; The learning method of the machine learning model is any one of K nearest neighbor, Bayesian network, support vector machine, artificial neural network or deep learning.

[0100] The reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule respectively calculate the reversible voltage E r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc ;

[0101] The reversible voltage Er , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc Substitute into the discharge voltage formula and calculate the discharge voltage E stack , E stack =E r -ΔV act -ΔV ohm -ΔV conc =f1(I);

[0102] Deduct the voltage loss E caused by the battery stack failure loss , and obtain the discharge voltage E under the stack fault state fault , E fault =E stack -E loss ;

[0103] Based on the calculation formula of stack efficiency η=E fault / E r Calculate the stack efficiency η under stack failure state;

[0104] Based on the discharge power calculation formula Power = E fault I calculates the discharge power under the fault condition of the battery stack;

[0105] Based on the heat generation power calculation formula H = (E r -E fault )·I calculates the heating power H under the fault state of the fuel cell stack.

[0106] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model, characterized in that: It includes a communication unit, a microprocessor unit and a display unit connected in sequence; The communication unit sends the received input parameters sent by the user to the microprocessor unit; The microprocessor unit calculates the operating state of the simulated fuel cell stack based on the received input parameters and the preset fuel cell stack simulation model, and sends the calculated state to the communication unit, which then feeds back the calculated state to the user. The display unit displays the operating status of the simulated fuel cell stack in real time; The input parameters include stack operating conditions and stack discharge modes; The microprocessor unit includes a calculation module, which includes a reversible voltage calculation submodule, an activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, an ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and a concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule; The reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule respectively calculate the reversible voltage E based on the received input parameters. r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc ; The preset fuel cell stack simulation model includes: Discharge voltage calculation formula: E stack =E r -ΔV act -ΔV ohm -ΔV conc =f1(I) The calculation formula of battery stack efficiency is η=E stack / E r ; Discharge power calculation formula Power = E stack I; Heating power calculation formula H=(E r -E stack )·I; The calculation module includes a fault simulation submodule, which includes a machine learning model. The machine learning model is established based on a benchmark test of a typical fault state of a stack and is used to calculate the voltage loss E caused by the stack fault. loss ; The reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule respectively calculate the reversible voltage E r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc ; The reversible voltage E r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc Substitute into the discharge voltage formula and calculate the discharge voltage E st , E stack =E r -ΔV act -ΔV ohm -ΔV conc = f1(I); Deduct the voltage loss E caused by the battery stack failure loss , and obtain the discharge voltage E under the stack fault state faul , E fault =E stack -E loss ; Based on the calculation formula of stack efficiency η=E fault / E r Calculate the stack efficiency η under stack failure state; Based on the discharge power calculation formula Power = E fault I calculate the discharge power under the fault condition of the battery stack; Based on the heat generation power calculation formula H = (E r -E fault )·I calculates the heating power H under the fault state of the fuel cell stack.

2. A fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the stack discharge mode is constant current discharge, the stack discharge current I and the stack operating conditions are used as input parameters; The reversible voltage E calculated by the reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule are respectively r , activation polarization overpotential ΔV act , Ohmic polarization overpotential ΔV ohm and concentration polarization overpotential ΔV conc Substitute into the discharge voltage calculation formula and calculate the discharge voltage E stack , E stack =E r -ΔV act -ΔV ohm -ΔV conc = f1(I); Calculate the stack efficiency based on the stack efficiency calculation formula; Calculating the discharge power based on the discharge power calculation formula; Based on the heating power calculation formula, the heating power is calculated.

3. A fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the stack discharge mode is constant voltage discharge, the stack discharge voltage E stack and stack operating conditions as input parameters; Set the initial value of the discharge current I0, substitute the initial value of the discharge current I0 into the discharge voltage calculation formula E0=f1(I0), and calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E0; Compare the calculated discharge voltage E0 with the stack discharge voltage E stack , adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm, and substitute the adjusted discharge current I1 into E1=f1(I1) to calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E1; Continue to adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm and perform iterative calculations until the calculated discharge voltage E n and the stack discharge voltage E stack The error satisfies E n -E stack |<Tolerance1, determine the final discharge current I n ; Based on the calculation formula of stack efficiency η=E n / E r , calculate the stack efficiency; Based on the discharge power calculation formula Power = E n I n , calculate the discharge power; Based on the heat generation power calculation formula H = (E r -E n )·I n , calculate the heating power.

4. A fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the stack discharge mode is constant power discharge, the stack discharge power Power and stack operating conditions are used as input parameters; Set the initial value of the discharge current I0, substitute the initial value of the discharge current I0 into the discharge voltage calculation formula E0=f1(I0), calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E0, and then calculate the discharge power Power0 based on Power0=E0·I0=f1(I0)·I0; Compare the calculated discharge power Power0 with the stack discharge power Power, adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm, substitute the adjusted discharge current I1 into E1=f1(I1) to calculate the corresponding discharge voltage E1, and then calculate the discharge power Power1 based on Power1=E1·I1=f1(I1)·I1; Continue to adjust the discharge current through the optimization algorithm and perform iterative calculations until the calculated discharge power Power n The error with the stack discharge power Power satisfies Power n -Power<Tolerance2, determine the final discharge current I n ; Based on the calculation formula of stack efficiency η=E n / E r , calculate the stack efficiency; Based on the discharge power calculation formula Power = E n I n , calculate the discharge power; Based on the heat generation power calculation formula H = (E r -E n )·I n , calculate the heating power.

5. A fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stack operating conditions include the stack operating temperature T, the air inlet flow rate Q air , air inlet humidity RH air , air flow channel back pressure P air , Hydrogen inlet flow rate Q H2 , Hydrogen inlet humidity RH H2 and hydrogen flow channel back pressure P H2 .

6. A fuel cell stack simulator based on a simulation model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation module contains a complete set of fuel cell stack technical parameters, including membrane electrode active area, number of battery cells, ohmic internal resistance, membrane electrode hydrogen permeation current density, membrane electrode reference exchange current density, membrane electrode electrochemical active area, membrane electrode limiting current density, and the fuel cell stack technical parameters are respectively used as model parameters of the reversible voltage calculation submodule, the activation polarization overpotential calculation submodule, the ohmic polarization overpotential calculation submodule, and the concentration polarization overpotential calculation submodule; The method for obtaining the technical parameters of the fuel cell stack includes: Measurement method: directly measured by experimental method; or Parameter fitting method: measure the polarization curves under different battery stack operating conditions and obtain them through parameter fitting method; When adjusting the specific values ​​of the technical parameters of each fuel cell stack, a variety of different stacks can be simulated.

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