A test device and test method for simulating fish nest row ecological hydraulics

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest row, comprising a water measuring weir, a slightly curved river channel, and an observation tail gate. A fish nest row, an automatic water level meter, and a flow meter are arranged in the slightly curved river channel. The invention also provides a test method for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest row, wherein a test flow satisfying the requirements is released into the slightly curved river channel by using a water measuring weir, the water level at the outlet of the slightly curved river channel is adjusted by using an observation tail gate, the water level, water depth, and gradient of the slightly curved river channel are obtained by using an automatic water level meter, the flow meter is turned on, the flow velocity and flow state at different positions of the fish nest row are observed, and the flow velocity and flow state between the fish nest row and the spacing component are observed at the same time, the spacing and position of the fish nest row, and the distance between the fish nest row and the spacing component are continuously adjusted during the test, the water depth, flow velocity, and flow state are observed, and then the water flow rate is changed, the test is repeated, and finally the ecological hydraulics index in the slightly curved river channel is analyzed, and the ecological hydraulics index curves under different working conditions are drawn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of eco-hydraulics tests, and in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating the eco-hydraulics of fish nests. Background Art

[0002] Fish nests, also called fish nests, are generally used as nests for fish to lay eggs. Some are used as fish residences or places where fish gather. There are many types of fish nests. The principles of selection are: the materials used to make fish nests should be non-toxic, durable, with a large attachment area, a wide source, and a low price; it is best to float in the water and have a large area after spreading out to facilitate the adhesion of fish eggs; the materials used to make fish nests should be soft and will not hurt the fish when the parent fish chase and touch them. In addition, artificial fish nests are required to be non-perishable, not affect water quality changes, and be conducive to the hatching of fertilized eggs into fry. Goldfish algae, polythene, water hyacinth, water lily, verticillaster black algae, willow fiber roots, palm skin and raw hemp silk can all be made into fish nests.

[0003] Fish nests are affected by the flow velocity, water level and other characteristics of the water area where they are located. Studying the flow characteristics of the area where the fish nests are located is of great significance for the stability of aquatic communities such as fish and the formation of a benign ecosystem. In the existing technology, field observation research methods are mostly used. Due to the limitations of water flow characteristics and other conditions, the ecological hydraulics research experiment is difficult and the research efficiency is low.

[0004] Therefore, how to change the current situation in which the research on fish nest ecological hydraulics is difficult and the work efficiency is low has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and a test method for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nests, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the efficiency of the research work on the ecological hydraulics of fish nests.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following scheme: The present invention provides a test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest row, comprising a water measuring weir, a slightly curved river channel, and an observation tail gate, wherein the water measuring weir is connected to the slightly curved river channel, the water measuring weir can input water flow into the slightly curved river channel, the slightly curved river channel is a trough-shaped structure with an open top, the slightly curved river channel is arc-shaped, the observation tail gate and the water measuring weir are respectively arranged at both ends of the slightly curved river channel, the observation tail gate can lead the water flow in the slightly curved river channel out, a fish nest row, an automatic water level gauge and a flow meter are arranged in the slightly curved river channel, the fish nest row comprises a plurality of groups of fish nest assemblies arranged along the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel, a spacing assembly is arranged between adjacent fish nest assemblies, each group of the fish nest assemblies comprises a plurality of fish nests, the fish nests have a grille structure, the flow meter can monitor the water flow velocity of the slightly curved river channel, and the automatic water level gauge can monitor the water level of the slightly curved river channel.

[0007] Preferably, the water measuring weir comprises a weir body and a water inlet pipe, the weir body is connected to the slightly curved river channel, the water inlet pipe is connected to the weir body, the water inlet pipe can input water flow into the weir body, and the weir body is provided with a water level gauge.

[0008] Preferably, a straight water channel is arranged between the water measuring weir and the slightly curved river channel, and the weir body is connected to the straight water channel and the two are coaxially arranged.

[0009] Preferably, the slightly curved river channel comprises an outer wall and an inner wall, and the outer wall, the inner wall and the ground form a trough-like structure. There is an angle between the inlet of the slightly curved river channel and the axis of the straight water channel, and the slightly curved river channel is connected to the straight water channel via a connecting section; an energy dissipation grid is arranged at the inlet of the slightly curved river channel.

[0010] Preferably, the angle between the inlet of the slightly curved channel and the axis of the straight water channel is an acute angle.

[0011] Preferably, the fish nest row is arranged in the middle of the slightly curved river channel, the flow meter is arranged on the side of the fish nest row close to the water measuring weir, and several of the flow meters are arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel; multiple automatic water level gauges are arranged on both sides of the slightly curved river channel.

[0012] Preferably, the spacing assembly includes a plurality of vertically arranged wooden piles, wherein the plurality of wooden piles are arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel, and the plurality of wooden piles are arranged at equal intervals; the diameter of the wooden piles is 40-80 cm, and the height is 100-200 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the cross-section of the fish nest is in the shape of a Chinese character 'tian', branches or reeds are attached to the fish nest, and the specification of the fish nest is 2m×2m×0.5m.

[0014] Preferably, the observation tailgate includes a baffle and an adjustment valve. The baffle is movably connected to the meandering river channel, and the adjustment valve is connected to the baffle. The baffle can be adjusted by using the adjustment valve, so as to control the water level in the meandering river channel.

[0015] The present invention also provides a test method for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest row. By using the above test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest row, it is characterized by including the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Use a weir to release a test flow that meets the requirements into the meandering river channel.

[0017] Step 2: Use the observation tailgate to adjust the water level at the outlet of the meandering river channel.

[0018] Step 3: Use an automatic water level gauge to obtain the water level, water depth, and slope of the meandering river channel.

[0019] Step 4: Set up the fish nest row and the spacer assembly.

[0020] Step 5: Turn on the current meter and observe the flow velocity and flow pattern at different positions of the fish nest row.

[0021] Step 6: Observe the flow velocity and flow pattern between the fish nest row and the spacer assembly.

[0022] Step 7: Continuously adjust the spacing, position of the fish nest row, and the distance between the fish nest row and the spacer assembly during the test, and observe the water depth, flow velocity, and flow pattern.

[0023] Step 8: Release different flows of low water, medium water, and flood respectively, and then repeat the above steps.

[0024] Step 9: Analyze the ecological hydraulics indexes in the meandering river channel and draw the ecological hydraulics index curves under different working conditions.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: the test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest row of the present invention comprises a water measuring weir, a slightly curved river channel, and an observation tail gate, the water measuring weir is connected to the slightly curved river channel, the water measuring weir can input water flow into the slightly curved river channel, the slightly curved river channel is a trough-shaped structure with an opening at the top, the slightly curved river channel is arc-shaped, the observation tail gate and the water measuring weir are respectively arranged at both ends of the slightly curved river channel, the observation tail gate can lead the water flow in the slightly curved river channel out, a fish nest row, an automatic water level meter and a flow meter are arranged in the slightly curved river channel, the fish nest row comprises a plurality of groups of fish nest assemblies arranged along the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel, spacing assemblies are arranged between adjacent fish nest assemblies, each group of fish nest assemblies comprises a plurality of fish nests, the fish nests have a grille structure, the flow meter can monitor the water flow velocity of the slightly curved river channel, and the automatic water level meter can monitor the water level of the slightly curved river channel. The present invention also provides a test method for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nests, using the above test device, using a water measuring weir to release a test flow that meets the requirements into a slightly curved river channel, using an observation tail gate to adjust the water level at the outlet of the slightly curved river channel, using an automatic water level meter to obtain the water level, water depth, and gradient of the slightly curved river channel, turning on a flow meter, observing the flow velocity and flow state at different positions of the fish nest row, and observing the flow velocity and flow state between the fish nest row and the spacing component at the same time, constantly adjusting the spacing and position of the fish nest row, and the distance between the fish nest row and the spacing component during the test, observing the water depth, flow velocity, and flow state, and then changing the water flow, repeating the test, and finally analyzing the ecological hydraulics index in the slightly curved river channel, and drawing the ecological hydraulics index curve under different working conditions. Using the test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of the fish nest row of the present invention, the ecological hydraulics of the fish nest row is studied to improve the research work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nests of the present invention;

[0028] Among them, 1 is a water measuring weir, 101 is the weir body, 102 is the water inlet pipe, 103 is a water level gauge, 2 is a slightly curved river channel, 201 is the outer wall, 202 is the inner wall, 3 is an observation tail gate, 301 is a baffle, 302 is a regulating valve, 4 is a fish nest row, 5 is a flow meter, 6 is an automatic water level gauge, 7 is a wooden pile, 8 is a straight water trough, and 9 is an energy dissipation fence. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and a test method for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nests, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the efficiency of the research work on the ecological hydraulics of fish nests.

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nests according to the present invention.

[0033] The present invention provides an experimental device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest row, comprising a water measuring weir 1, a slightly curved river channel 2, and an observation tail gate 3. The water measuring weir 1 is connected to the slightly curved river channel 2, the water measuring weir 1 can input water flow into the slightly curved river channel 2, the slightly curved river channel 2 is a trough-shaped structure with an opening at the top, the slightly curved river channel 2 is arc-shaped, the observation tail gate 3 and the water measuring weir 1 are respectively arranged at two ends of the slightly curved river channel 2, the observation tail gate 3 can lead the water flow in the slightly curved river channel 2 out, a fish nest row 4, an automatic water level meter 6 and a flow meter 5 are arranged in the slightly curved river channel 2, the fish nest row 4 comprises a plurality of groups of fish nest components arranged along the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel 2, spacing components are arranged between adjacent fish nest components, each group of fish nest components comprises a plurality of fish nests, the fish nests have a grille structure, the flow meter 5 can monitor the water flow velocity of the slightly curved river channel 2, and the automatic water level meter 6 can monitor the water level of the slightly curved river channel 2.

[0034] When the test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of the fish nest row of the present invention is working, the water measuring weir 1 is used to release the test flow that meets the requirements into the slightly curved river channel 2, the water level at the outlet of the slightly curved river channel 2 is adjusted by the observation tail gate 3, the water level, water depth and gradient of the slightly curved river channel 2 are obtained by the automatic water level meter 6, the flow meter 5 is turned on, the flow velocity and flow state of the fish nest row 4 at different positions are observed, and the flow velocity and flow state between the fish nest row 4 and the spacing component are observed at the same time. During the test, the spacing and position of the fish nest row 4 and the distance between the fish nest row 4 and the spacing component are continuously adjusted, the water depth, flow velocity and flow state are observed, and then the water flow rate is changed, and the test is repeated. Finally, the ecological hydraulics index in the slightly curved river channel 2 is analyzed, and the ecological hydraulics index curve under different working conditions is drawn. Using the test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of the fish nest row of the present invention, the ecological hydraulics of the fish nest row 4 is studied, which can improve the research work efficiency.

[0035] Among them, the water measuring weir 1 includes a weir body 101 and a water inlet pipe 102. The weir body 101 is connected to the slightly curved river channel 2. The water inlet pipe 102 is connected to the weir body 101. The water inlet pipe 102 can input water into the weir body 101. The weir body 101 is provided with a water level gauge 103. The water measuring weir 1 supplies water to the slightly curved river channel 2. The weir body 101 can be made of concrete material and is used to release different levels of flow.

[0036] In order to allow water to flow smoothly into the slightly curved river channel 2, a straight water channel 8 is arranged between the water measuring weir 1 and the slightly curved river channel 2, and the weir body 101 is connected to the straight water channel 8 and the two are arranged coaxially.

[0037] Specifically, the slightly curved river channel 2 includes an outer wall 201 and an inner wall 202. The outer wall 201, the inner wall 202 and the ground form a trough-like structure. There is an angle between the inlet of the slightly curved river channel 2 and the axis of the straight water channel 8. The slightly curved river channel 2 is connected to the straight water channel 8 by a connecting section, with a smooth transition to avoid the existence of dead corners and the generation of vortices. An energy dissipation fence 9 is set at the inlet of the slightly curved river channel 2 for dissipating energy of rapids in the bend.

[0038] In this specific embodiment, the angle between the inlet of the slightly curved channel 2 and the axis of the straight water channel 8 is an acute angle, which prevents the water flow of the water measuring weir 1 and the straight water channel 8 from impacting the fish nest row 4.

[0039] More specifically, the fish nest row 4 is arranged in the middle of the slightly curved river channel 2, the flow meter 5 is arranged on the side of the fish nest row 4 close to the water measuring weir 1, and several flow meters 5 are arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel 2 for observing the cross-sectional flow velocity of the slightly curved river channel 2; multiple automatic water level gauges 6 are arranged on both sides of the slightly curved river channel 2 for observing the water level of the slightly curved river channel 2.

[0040] In addition, the spacing component includes a number of vertically arranged wooden piles 7, and the number of wooden piles 7 are arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel 2. The number of wooden piles 7 is arranged at equal intervals, and the number of wooden piles 7 can be determined by analyzing and calculating the width of the slightly curved river channel 2 and the water flow characteristics of the area; the diameter of the wooden piles 7 is 40-80cm, and the height is 100-200cm.

[0041] In this specific embodiment, the cross section of the fish nest is in the shape of a field, and the specifications of the fish nest are 2m×2m×0.5m. The fish nest has a grid structure to maintain the connection between the water body and the slightly curved river channel 2. Branches or reeds are attached to the fish nest, and the branches or reeds can be fixed in the form of binding. The grid structure and the branches and reeds bound to the surface layer of the structure can form a local slow flow in the cavity, improve the local microhabitat, and the branches and reeds can also improve the primary productivity of the near-bottom habitat to a certain extent during the gradual degradation process, enriching the nutrient source of benthic organisms.

[0042] Furthermore, the observation tail gate 3 includes a baffle 301 and a regulating valve 302. The baffle 301 is movably connected to the slightly curved channel 2. The regulating valve 302 is connected to the baffle 301. The regulating valve 302 can be used to adjust the baffle 301 to control the water level at the outlet of the slightly curved channel 2. The baffle 301 can be made of steel plate, and finally the water level at the outlet of the slightly curved channel 2 that meets the test requirements is obtained.

[0043] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a test method for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest row, using the above-mentioned test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest row, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Use the water measuring weir 1 to release a test flow that meets the requirements into the slightly curved river channel 2;

[0045] Step 2: Open the observation tail gate 3, adjust the baffle 301 and the regulating valve 302, and obtain the water level at the outlet of the slightly curved river channel 2 that meets the requirements;

[0046] Step 3: using the automatic water level gauges 6 arranged on both sides of the slightly curved river channel 2 to obtain the water level, water depth and gradient of the slightly curved river channel 2;

[0047] Step 4: Set up the fish nest row 4 and the spacing components;

[0048] Step 5, turn on the flow meter 5, and observe the flow velocity and flow state at the head, root, middle and other positions of the fish nest row 4;

[0049] Step 6: Observe the flow velocity and flow pattern between the fish nest row 4 and the spacer assembly;

[0050] Step 7: During the test, the spacing and position of the fish nest row 4 and the distance between the fish nest row 4 and the wooden pile 7 are continuously adjusted to observe the water depth, flow velocity and flow state;

[0051] Step 8: Release low water, medium water and flood water at different flow rates respectively, and repeat the above test steps;

[0052] Step nine: Analyze the eco-hydraulic indicators in the slightly curved river channel 2, and draw curves of eco-hydraulic indicators such as flow velocity and water depth under different working conditions.

[0053] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nest rows, characterized in that: It includes a weir, a slightly curved river channel, and an observation tailgate. The weir is connected to the slightly curved river channel. The weir can input water flow into the slightly curved river channel. The slightly curved river channel is a trough-like structure with an open top. The slightly curved river channel is arc-shaped. The observation tailgate and the weir are respectively arranged at both ends of the slightly curved river channel. The observation tailgate can lead out the water flow in the slightly curved river channel. A fish nest row, an automatic water level gauge, and a flow velocity meter are arranged in the slightly curved river channel. The fish nest row includes multiple groups of fish nest components arranged along the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel. An interval component is arranged between adjacent fish nest components. Each group of fish nest components includes several fish nests. The fish nest has a grid structure. The flow velocity meter can monitor the water flow velocity of the slightly curved river channel. The automatic water level gauge can monitor the water level of the slightly curved river channel; The weir includes a weir body and a water inlet pipe. The weir body is connected to the slightly curved river channel. The water inlet pipe is connected to the weir body. The water inlet pipe can input water flow into the weir body. A water level gauge is arranged on the weir body; A straight trough is arranged between the weir and the slightly curved river channel. The weir body is connected to the straight trough and they are coaxially arranged; The slightly curved river channel includes an outer wall and an inner wall. The outer wall, the inner wall and the ground enclose a trough-like structure. There is an angle between the inlet of the slightly curved river channel and the axis of the straight trough. The slightly curved river channel is connected to the straight trough by a connecting section; An energy dissipation grid is arranged at the inlet of the slightly curved river channel; The angle between the inlet of the slightly curved river channel and the axis of the straight trough is an acute angle.

2. The experimental device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nest rows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fish nest row is arranged in the middle of the slightly curved river channel. The flow velocity meter is arranged on one side of the fish nest row close to the weir. Several flow velocity meters are arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel; Multiple automatic water level gauges are arranged on both sides of the slightly curved river channel.

3. The experimental device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nest rows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interval component includes several vertically arranged wooden piles. Several wooden piles are arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction of the slightly curved river channel. Several wooden piles are arranged at equal intervals; The diameter of the wooden pile is 40 - 80 cm and the height is 100 - 200 cm.

4. The experimental device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nest rows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the fish nest is in the shape of a field character. Branches or reeds are attached to the fish nest. The specification of the fish nest is 2m × 2m × 0.5m.

5. The experimental device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of fish nest rows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observation tailgate includes a baffle and an adjustment valve. The baffle is movably connected to the slightly curved river channel. The adjustment valve is connected to the baffle. The baffle can be adjusted by using the adjustment valve to control the water level in the slightly curved river channel.

6. A test method for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest, using the test device for simulating the ecological hydraulics of a fish nest according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The steps include: Step 1: Use a water measuring weir to release a test flow that meets the requirements into the slightly curved river channel; Step 2: Use the observation tail gate to adjust the water level at the outlet of the slightly curved river channel; Step 3: Using an automatic water level gauge to obtain the water level, water depth and gradient of the slightly curved river channel; Step 4: Set up the fish nest rows and spacing components; Step 5: Turn on the flow meter to observe the flow velocity and flow state at different positions of the fish nest row; Step 6: Observe the flow velocity and flow pattern between the fish nest row and the spacer assembly; Step 7: During the test, the spacing and position of the fish nest row, as well as the distance between the fish nest row and the spacing component are continuously adjusted, and the water depth, flow velocity and flow state are observed; Step 8: Release low water, medium water and flood water at different flow rates respectively, and repeat the above steps; Step 9. Analyze the eco-hydraulic indicators in the slightly curved river channel and draw the eco-hydraulic indicator curves under different working conditions.

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