Cantilever TBM

Abstract

The present invention provides a cantilevered roadheader, comprising: a cutting mechanism comprising a main boom, a main boom cylinder, a cutting arm, and a cantilevered boom cylinder; and a slewing mechanism comprising a slewing platform, which is used to drive the cutting mechanism to rotate horizontally under the action of a driving force. The main boom is provided with a first hinge point, a second hinge point, and a third hinge point. The first hinge point is used to articulate the cutting arm, the second hinge point is used to articulate one end of the cantilevered boom cylinder, and the third hinge point is used to articulate the slewing platform. The second hinge point is provided at an end of the main boom remote from the first and third hinge points to increase the vertical rotation range of the cutting arm relative to the main boom. By changing the cutting mechanism from a single-arm structure to a two-arm structure, the cutting range is increased. By setting the hinge positions of the two-end arm structures, the depth of the cutting section is increased, thereby improving the excavation and inverting efficiency of the cantilevered roadheader, truly achieving full-section excavation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, and in particular to a cantilever type tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of modern technology, the use of roadheaders (TBMs) in coal mining and tunneling is increasing. In mechanized mining operations, TBMs excavate tunnels through the rotary cutting mechanism of their cutting section. Currently, the undercutting depth of a TBM's cutting section is typically around 300mm. If this exceeds 300mm, the TBM will not function properly, resulting in problems such as the machine being unable to stop steadily or move forward or backward. During tunnel construction, the invert height can sometimes reach as high as 2000mm, making the TBM's undercutting work extremely inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a cantilever roadheader.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention provides a cantilever tunnel boring machine, comprising: a cutting mechanism, the cutting mechanism including a main boom, a main boom cylinder, a cutting arm and a cantilever cylinder; a rotating mechanism, including a turntable, the turntable being used to drive the cutting mechanism to rotate in the horizontal direction under the action of a driving force; wherein, a first hinge point, a second hinge point and a third hinge point are provided on the main boom, the first hinge point is used to hinge the cutting arm, the second hinge point is used to hinge one end of the cantilever cylinder, and the third hinge point is used to hinge the turntable; the second hinge point is provided on the end point of the main boom away from the first hinge point and the third hinge point, so as to expand the rotation range of the cutting arm relative to the main boom in the vertical direction.

[0005] Specifically, the cutting mechanism of a cantilevered tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a crucial component of the machine. Its structural form directly impacts the machine's tunneling efficiency and stability, making the cutting mechanism a key factor and key indicator in measuring the machine's performance. Existing TBMs are designed with a boom, which is typically a single-section, straight, and non-bendable boom. This limited range of rotation means that the boom's undercover capacity cannot meet the requirements for larger inverted arch heights, resulting in extremely low efficiency when the required inverted arch height is high. Furthermore, a single-section boom typically lacks support against the ground, making it impossible to maintain the stability of the TBM during operation. Consequently, an auxiliary support device is typically required at the rear of the TBM. In this solution, the boom in the prior art is set as a two-section articulated structure, including a main boom and a cutting arm articulated with the main boom, so that the cutting mechanism can be bent, and the main boom and the cutting arm are respectively connected by a cantilever cylinder, so that the cutting arm can rotate in the vertical direction relative to the main boom, so that the cutting mechanism is more flexible than the existing single-section boom and has a larger rotation angle, thereby making the lying volume larger. At the same time, the larger lying volume can make the cutting mechanism easily resist the ground and penetrate deep into the ground, which is beneficial to the stability of the cantilever tunneling machine, and thus the auxiliary support device at the rear of the cantilever tunneling machine can be eliminated, which not only simplifies the structure and saves costs, but also shortens the body length of the cantilever tunneling machine, making the operation of the cantilever tunneling machine more flexible.

[0006] Furthermore, the second hinge point's distance from the third hinge point allows the boom cylinder to extend further from the front end of the main boom, achieving a greater range of rotation. Furthermore, the second hinge point's distance from the first hinge point increases the lever arm distance used by the boom cylinder to rotate the cutting arm, thereby reducing the effort required to operate the boom cylinder and energy consumption. Specifically, by adjusting the positions of the hinge points between the boom cylinder and the main boom, and the hinge points between the cutting arm and the main boom, the vertical rotation range of the cutting arm relative to the main boom can be further increased. The boom cylinder rotates relative to the main boom about the first hinge point, driving the cutting arm. The second hinge point is used to articulate one end of the boom cylinder to the main boom. The position of the second hinge point relative to the first hinge point determines the range of rotation of the cutting arm. Because excavation is directed downward, the second hinge point needs to be located below the first hinge point. While maintaining the same length of the boom cylinder, the second hinge point is located away from the first hinge point. This allows the boom cylinder's piston rod to fully extend and retract within its operating range, thereby expanding the cutting arm's range of rotation. The position of the second hinge point relative to the first hinge point also determines the size of the boom cylinder's lever arm. The farther the second hinge point is from the first hinge point, the larger the lever arm, requiring less driving force from the boom cylinder, and thus saving more effort and energy. In addition, the second hinge point not only needs to be far away from the first hinge point, but also needs to be as far away from the third hinge point as possible. The cutting range of the cantilever tunnel boring machine is determined by the rotation amplitude of the cutting mechanism, which depends not only on the rotation amplitude of the cutting arm, but also on the rotation amplitude of the main boom. Setting the second hinge point at a position far away from the third hinge point can reduce the overlapping part of the rotation amplitude of the cutting arm and the rotation amplitude of the main boom, thereby relatively increasing the overall cutting range of the cutting mechanism, thereby improving the excavation arch efficiency of the cantilever tunnel boring machine and truly realizing full-section excavation.

[0007] In addition, the cantilever type roadheader in the above technical solution provided by the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0008] In the above technical solution, a fourth hinge point is provided on the main boom, and the fourth hinge point is used to hinge the turntable and the main boom cylinder; the fourth hinge point is arranged on the line connecting the first hinge point and the third hinge point and on the side close to the first hinge point to expand the rotation range of the main boom relative to the turntable in the vertical direction.

[0009] It is understood that the fourth hinge point is located on the line connecting the first and third hinge points, placing it away from the slewing platform. This allows the piston rod of the main boom cylinder to fully extend and retract within its operating range, thereby expanding the main boom's rotation range. Furthermore, the fourth hinge point's distance from the third hinge point increases the main boom cylinder's moment arm, making rotation of the main boom more labor-efficient and reducing energy consumption.

[0010] In any of the above technical solutions, the main boom has a triangular structure, and the first hinge point, the second hinge point and the third hinge point are respectively arranged at the three end points of the triangular structure.

[0011] The first and second hinge points being located at the edges of the main boom further extend the overall length of the cutting mechanism, increasing its cutting range. The third hinge point being located at the edge of the main boom increases the cutting arm's rotational range, further increasing the cutting range and reach of the cutting mechanism. Therefore, configuring the main boom in a triangular configuration is more conducive to optimizing the structure, allowing the first, second, and third hinge points to be spaced apart from each other, maximizing the cutting range and reach of the cutting mechanism. This, combined with the rationally configured lever arm distance, also reduces energy consumption.

[0012] In any of the above technical solutions, the slewing mechanism includes two slewing cylinders; the turntable includes a turntable body and an articulated seat arranged on the turntable body, the turntable is hinged to the main boom through the articulated seat, the turntable body is articulated to the main boom cylinder, the two slewing cylinders are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the turntable, and the articulated seat is driven to rotate by the reciprocating telescopic movement of the piston rod of the slewing cylinder.

[0013] The slewing mechanism is driven by a rotary cylinder, which offers greater power than an electric motor. Furthermore, the driving force of two rotary cylinders is greater than that of a single one. The slewing mechanism drives the turntable through the linear motion of the rotary cylinders, resulting in a simple structure and ease of assembly and maintenance. Furthermore, since the distance between the drive mechanism and the turntable's axis remains constant, the stable rotational torque is ensured.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the rotary mechanism includes a valve block, and the valve block connects the two rotary cylinders to form a linkage structure.

[0015] In this solution, the two rotary cylinders are connected by a valve block. When the piston rod of one rotary cylinder is pushed toward the interior of the rotary cylinder, the piston rod of the other rotary cylinder is pulled toward the exterior of the rotary cylinder. This combined push-pull mechanism creates a linkage structure to control the rotation of the turntable, thereby making the turntable's rotation more coordinated. Furthermore, because the distance between the rotary cylinder and the turntable's axis remains constant, the rotational torque remains stable when the piston rod pushes and pulls the turntable. Simply by setting a small angle between the rotary cylinder and the tangent direction of the turntable's rotation, the turntable can be driven to rotate, thereby reducing installation space and optimizing the layout design of the cantilevered roadheader.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the cantilever tunnel boring machine also includes: a chassis system and a vehicle system; the chassis system includes a chassis frame and a walking part, the walking part is arranged below the chassis frame through fasteners, the vehicle system is arranged above the chassis frame through fasteners, and the slewing mechanism is arranged on the chassis frame through fasteners.

[0017] The cantilevered roadheader is provided with a chassis, with a vehicle system mounted above the chassis and a traveling unit mounted below the chassis. The chassis divides and arranges the structure of the cantilevered roadheader, providing a clear system structure and a more rational layout, avoiding interference between different structural components. Fasteners connect the chassis system and vehicle system to the chassis, making assembly and disassembly of the various components and structures quick and easy, simplifying the production and installation process, and facilitating maintenance. The fasteners can optionally be bolts. Furthermore, the slewing platform in the slewing mechanism is mounted above the chassis via fasteners, and the slewing cylinder is mounted below the chassis.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the vehicle system includes a power system and a cab; the power system is arranged behind the cab, and includes a hydraulic system and an electrical box; the hydraulic system is used to provide driving force to the cantilever cylinder, the main arm cylinder and the slewing cylinder, and an electronic control operating system is provided in the cab, and the electrical box is used to supply power to the electronic control operating system.

[0019] The cab is arranged above the chassis, and the hydraulic system and the electrical box are arranged behind the cab, so that there is no equipment between the cab and the cutting mechanism to block the operator's line of sight. At the same time, the operator can look down from a high place to observe the excavation situation, with a wider field of view, a better user field of view, and more conducive to the progress of excavation work.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the walking part includes an engineering crawler, a walking reducer and a walking motor; the electrical box is electrically connected to the walking motor for supplying power to the walking motor; the output end of the walking motor is connected to the walking reducer to drive the engineering crawler to move.

[0021] The traveling unit includes an engineering crawler, a traveling reducer, and a traveling motor. When the cantilever tunnel boring machine is in operation, the cutting mechanism realizes excavation operations through the rotary cutting of the cutting head, and the traveling unit needs to drive the cutting mechanism forward and backward. On the other hand, in addition to the driving force of the traveling unit, the cutting mechanism also plays an auxiliary role in the forward and backward movement of the cantilever tunnel boring machine. Specifically, the cutting mechanism is supported on the ground. At this time, the traveling unit drives the cantilever tunnel boring machine forward or backward, and the cutting mechanism supported on the ground will give the cantilever tunnel boring machine a reaction force, assisting the main body to move forward or backward.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the bottom frame is connected to a shovel plate portion, which is arranged below the bottom frame and extends to the rear of the cantilever tunneling machine. The shovel plate portion is used to transport the output material cut by the cutting mechanism to the rear area of ​​the cantilever tunneling machine.

[0023] The shovel section in this solution collects material cut by the cutting mechanism, eliminating the need for a discharge system. This reduces the overall design and weight of the cantilevered roadheader, making it more convenient and flexible. This prevents the discharge system from extending too far backward during steering, potentially causing scratches or collisions with other peripheral equipment. The cantilevered roadheader in this solution is primarily used for excavation work, and when used in conjunction with an excavator loader, it can achieve higher efficiency than conventional roadheaders.

[0024] In the above technical solution, a cutting head is provided on the cutting arm, the cutting head is in the shape of a cone, a plurality of cutting teeth are provided on the cutting head, and the plurality of cutting teeth are spirally arranged on the surface of the cutting head.

[0025] The performance of the cutting head directly impacts the roadheader's energy consumption, dust generation, and operational stability. The cutting teeth are arranged in a spiral pattern on the cutting head's surface. There are numerous different ways to arrange the spiral pattern. Since the cutting head is conical, the spiral pattern can be arranged as a conical surface with a constant helical angle. This can utilize a compression-tension effect to reduce cutting resistance during excavation, thereby increasing the excavation efficiency of the cantilever roadheader.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cantilever type roadheader according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a cantilever type roadheader according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a top view of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] in, Figures 1 to 3 The corresponding relationship between the reference numerals and component names is as follows:

[0032] 1 Cutting mechanism; 11 Main boom; 13 Main boom cylinder; 15 Cutting arm; 17 Cantilever cylinder; 19 Cutting head; 101 First hinge point; 103 Second hinge point; 105 Third hinge point; 107 Fourth hinge point; 2 Rotating mechanism; 21 Rotating table; 23 Articulated seat; 25 Rotating cylinder; 3 Onboard system; 31 Cab; 33 Electrical system; 35 Hydraulic system; 4 Chassis system; 41 Chassis frame; 43 Traveling unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features therein can be combined with each other.

[0034] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0035] Refer to the following Figures 1 to 3 A cantilever roadheader according to some embodiments of the present invention is described.

[0036] An embodiment of the present invention provides a cantilever-type roadheader, comprising: a cutting mechanism 1 and a slewing mechanism 2 .

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The cutting mechanism 1 includes a main boom 11, a main boom cylinder 13, a cutting arm 15 and a cantilever cylinder 17; the rotating mechanism 2 includes a turntable 21, which is used to drive the cutting mechanism 1 to rotate in the horizontal direction under the action of a driving force; wherein, the main boom 11 is provided with a first hinge point 101, a second hinge point 103 and a third hinge point 105, the first hinge point 101 is used to articulate the cutting arm 15, the second hinge point 103 is used to articulate one end of the cantilever cylinder 17, and the third hinge point 105 is used to articulate the turntable 21; the second hinge point 103 is provided at an end point on the main boom 11 away from the first hinge point 101 and the third hinge point 105, so as to expand the rotation range of the cutting arm 15 relative to the main boom 11 in the vertical direction.

[0039] Specifically, the cutting mechanism 1 of a cantilevered tunnel boring machine is an important component of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine. The structural form of the cutting mechanism 1 directly affects the tunneling efficiency and stability of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine. Therefore, the quality of the cutting mechanism 1 is the main factor and key indicator for measuring the performance of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine. Existing cantilevered tunnel boring machines are designed with a boom. The boom is usually single-section, straight, and cannot be bent. Therefore, the boom's rotation range is limited. On the one hand, the amount of undercover work cannot meet the requirements of a large inverted arch height. Therefore, when the inverted arch height requirement is large, the undercover work efficiency of the tunnel boring machine is extremely low. On the other hand, the boom of the single-section structure is usually unable to support the ground and cannot maintain the stability of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine during operation. Usually, an auxiliary support device is installed at the rear of the cantilevered tunnel boring machine. In this embodiment, the boom in the prior art is set as a two-section hinged structure, including a main boom 11 and a cutting arm 15 hinged to the main boom 11, so that the cutting mechanism 1 can be bent, and the cantilever cylinder 17 is set to connect the main boom 11 and the cutting arm 15 respectively, so that the cutting arm 15 can rotate in the vertical direction relative to the main boom 11, so that the cutting mechanism 1 is more flexible than the existing single-section boom and has a larger rotation angle, thereby making the lying volume larger. At the same time, the larger lying volume can make the cutting mechanism 1 easily support the ground and penetrate deep into the ground, which is beneficial to the stability of the cantilever tunneling machine, and thus the auxiliary support device at the rear of the cantilever tunneling machine can be eliminated, which not only simplifies the structure and saves costs, but also shortens the body length of the cantilever tunneling machine, making the operation of the cantilever tunneling machine more flexible.

[0040] In addition, by adjusting the positions of the hinge points between the boom cylinder 17 and the main boom 11, and the hinge points between the cutting arm 15 and the main boom 11, the vertical rotation range of the cutting arm 15 relative to the main boom 11 can be further increased. The boom cylinder 17 rotates relative to the main boom 11 about a first hinge point 101, which drives the cutting arm 15 to rotate. A second hinge point 103 is used to hinge one end of the boom cylinder 17 to the main boom 11. The position of the second hinge point 103 relative to the first hinge point 101 determines the rotation range of the cutting arm 15. Because excavation is directed downward, the second hinge point 103 needs to be located below the first hinge point 101. While maintaining the length of the boom cylinder 17, the second hinge point 103 is located away from the first hinge point 101. This allows the piston rod of the boom cylinder 17 to fully extend and retract within the operating range, thereby increasing the rotation range of the cutting arm 15. At the same time, the position of the second hinge point 103 relative to the first hinge point 101 determines the magnitude of the lever arm of the boom cylinder 17. The farther the second hinge point 103 is from the first hinge point 101, the greater the lever arm, requiring less driving force from the boom cylinder 17, and thus reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, the second hinge point 103 must be located not only from the first hinge point 101 but also as far away from the third hinge point 105 as possible. The cutting range of a cantilevered roadheader is determined by the rotational range of the cutting mechanism 1, which depends not only on the rotational range of the cutting arm 15 but also on the rotational range of the main boom 11. Positioning the second hinge point 103 at a distance from the third hinge point 105 reduces the overlap between the rotational ranges of the cutting arm 15 and the main boom 11, thereby relatively increasing the overall cutting range of the cutting mechanism 1 and improving the excavation efficiency of the cantilevered roadheader, truly achieving full-face excavation.

[0041] Furthermore, a fourth hinge point 107 is provided on the main boom 11, and the fourth hinge point 107 is used to hinge the turntable 21 and the main boom cylinder 13; the fourth hinge point 107 is arranged on the line connecting the first hinge point 101 and the third hinge point 105 and close to the side of the first hinge point 101, so as to expand the rotation range of the main boom 11 relative to the turntable 21 in the vertical direction.

[0042] It is understood that the fourth hinge point 107 is located on the line connecting the first hinge point 101 and the third hinge point 105, placing the fourth hinge point 107 away from the slewing platform 21. This allows the piston rod of the main boom cylinder 13 to fully extend and retract within its operating range, thereby expanding the rotation range of the main boom 11. Furthermore, the fourth hinge point 107's distance from the third hinge point 105 increases the moment arm of the main boom cylinder 13, making rotation of the main boom 11 more labor-efficient and reducing energy consumption.

[0043] Furthermore, the main boom 11 has a triangular structure, and the first hinge point 101 , the second hinge point 103 and the third hinge point 105 are respectively arranged at the three end points of the triangular structure.

[0044] The first hinge point 101 and the second hinge point 103 being located at the edge of the main boom 11 further extend the overall length of the cutting mechanism 1, thereby increasing the cutting range of the cutting mechanism 1. The third hinge point 105 being located at the edge of the main boom 11 increases the rotation range of the cutting arm 15, thereby further increasing the cutting range and the amount of penetration of the cutting mechanism 1. Therefore, configuring the main boom 11 in a triangular structure is more conducive to optimizing the structure, so that the first hinge point 101, the second hinge point 103, and the third hinge point 105 are separated from each other, thereby maximizing the cutting range and the amount of penetration of the cutting mechanism 1.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] On the basis of Example 1, further, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the slewing mechanism 2 includes two slewing cylinders 25; the slewing platform 21 includes a slewing platform 21 body and an articulated seat 23 arranged on the slewing platform 21 body. The slewing platform 21 is hinged to the main boom 11 through the articulated seat 23, and the slewing platform 21 body is articulated to the main boom cylinder 13. The two slewing cylinders 25 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slewing platform 21, and the articulated seat 23 is driven to rotate by the reciprocating telescopic motion of the piston rod of the slewing cylinder 25.

[0047] The slewing mechanism 2 is driven by a rotary cylinder 25, which offers greater power than a motor. Furthermore, the driving force of two rotary cylinders 25 is greater than that of a single rotary cylinder 25. The slewing mechanism 2 rotates the turntable 21 through the linear motion of the rotary cylinder 25, resulting in a simple structure and ease of assembly and maintenance. Furthermore, since the distance between the drive mechanism and the rotating axis of the turntable 21 remains constant, the stable rotational torque is ensured.

[0048] Furthermore, the rotary mechanism 2 includes a valve block, which connects the two rotary cylinders 25 so that the two rotary cylinders 25 form a linkage structure.

[0049] In this embodiment, two rotary cylinders 25 are connected by a valve block. When the piston rod of one rotary cylinder 25 is pushed toward the interior of the rotary cylinder 25, the piston rod of the other rotary cylinder 25 is pulled toward the exterior of the rotary cylinder 25. This combined push-pull mechanism forms a linkage structure to control the rotation of the turntable 21, thereby achieving a more coordinated rotation process for the turntable 21. Furthermore, because the distance between the rotary cylinder 25 and the rotating axis of the turntable 21 remains constant, the rotational torque remains stable when the piston rod pushes and pulls the turntable 21. Simply by setting a small angle between the tangent direction of the rotary cylinder 25 and the turntable 21, the turntable 21 can be driven to rotate, thereby reducing installation space and optimizing the layout design of the cantilever roadheader.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] On the basis of Example 1, further, as Figure 2 As shown, the cantilever tunnel boring machine also includes: a chassis system 4 and a vehicle system 3; the chassis system 4 includes a chassis frame 41 and a walking part 43, the walking part 43 is arranged below the chassis frame 41 through fasteners, the vehicle system 3 is arranged above the chassis frame 41 through fasteners, and the slewing mechanism 2 is arranged on the chassis frame 41 through fasteners.

[0052] The cantilever roadheader is equipped with a chassis, with the upper vehicle system 3 mounted above the chassis and the running gear 43 mounted below the chassis. The chassis divides and arranges the structure of the cantilever roadheader, providing a clear and rational system structure and preventing interference between different structural components. Fasteners connect the chassis system 4 and the upper vehicle system 3 to the chassis, making assembly and disassembly of the various components and structures quick and easy, simplifying the production and installation process and facilitating maintenance. The fasteners can optionally be bolts. Furthermore, the slewing platform 21 of the slewing mechanism 2 is mounted above the chassis via fasteners, while the slewing cylinder 25 is located below the chassis.

[0053] Furthermore, the vehicle system 3 includes a power system and a cab 31; the power system is arranged behind the cab 31, and includes a hydraulic system 35 and an electrical box; the hydraulic system 35 is used to provide driving force to the cantilever cylinder 17, the main arm cylinder 13 and the rotary cylinder 25, and an electronic control operating system is provided in the cab 31, and the electrical box is used to supply power to the electronic control operating system.

[0054] The cab 31 is arranged above the chassis, and the hydraulic system 35 and the electrical box are arranged behind the cab 31, so that there is no equipment blocking the operator's line of sight between the cab 31 and the cutting mechanism 1. At the same time, the operator can look down from a high place to observe the excavation situation, with a wider field of view, a better user field of view, and more conducive to the progress of excavation work.

[0055] Furthermore, the walking part 43 includes an engineering crawler, a walking reducer and a walking motor; the electrical box is electrically connected to the walking motor for supplying power to the walking motor; the output end of the walking motor is connected to the walking reducer to drive the engineering crawler to move.

[0056] The traveling unit 43 includes an engineering crawler, a travel reducer, and a travel motor. When the boom-type tunnel boring machine is in operation, the cutting mechanism 1 performs excavation operations through the rotational cutting of the cutting head 19, requiring the traveling unit 43 to drive the cutting mechanism 1 forward and backward. Furthermore, in addition to the driving force of the traveling unit 43, the cutting mechanism 1 also plays an auxiliary role in the forward and backward movement of the boom-type tunnel boring machine. Specifically, the cutting mechanism 1 is supported on the ground. When the traveling unit 43 drives the boom-type tunnel boring machine forward or backward, the cutting mechanism 1 supported on the ground will exert a reaction force on the boom-type tunnel boring machine, assisting the main body in moving forward or backward.

[0057] Furthermore, the bottom frame is connected to a shovel plate portion, which is arranged below the bottom frame and extends to the rear of the cantilever tunneling machine. The shovel plate portion is used to transport the output cut by the cutting mechanism 1 to the rear area of ​​the cantilever tunneling machine.

[0058] The shovel blade of this embodiment collects material cut by the cutting mechanism 1, eliminating the need for a discharge system. This reduces the overall design and weight of the cantilevered roadheader, making it more convenient and flexible. This prevents the discharge system from extending too far backward during steering, potentially causing scratches or collisions with other peripheral equipment. The cantilevered roadheader of this embodiment is primarily used for excavation work, and when used in conjunction with an excavator loader, it can achieve higher efficiency than conventional roadheaders.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] On the basis of Example 1, further, as Figure 2 As shown, the cutting arm 15 is provided with a cutting head 19 , which is in a cone shape. The cutting head 19 is provided with a plurality of cutting teeth, which are spirally arranged on the surface of the cutting head 19 .

[0061] The performance of the cutting head 19 directly impacts the roadheader's energy consumption, dust generation, and operational stability. Cutting teeth are arranged helically on the surface of the cutting head 19. There are numerous different ways to arrange these helical teeth. Since the cutting head 19 is conical, the helical teeth can be arranged as a conical surface with a constant helical angle. This can utilize the compression-tension effect to reduce cutting resistance during excavation, thereby increasing the excavation efficiency of the boom roadheader.

[0062] The cantilever type tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention will be specifically described below by taking a tunnel boring machine as an example.

[0063] With the continuous advancement of modern technology, the use of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in coal mining and tunnel excavation is increasing. Currently, the undercutting depth of the cutting section of a TBM is generally around 300mm, while during tunnel construction, the invert height can reach around 2000mm. Furthermore, the undercutting efficiency of TBMs is extremely low.

[0064] To address the limitations of existing tunnel boring machines (TBMs), the following issues need to be addressed: TBMs must be capable of invert excavation; and TBMs must improve invert excavation efficiency. To address these technical issues, the present invention employs an embodiment in which the cutting section is modified from a single arm to a two-arm structure, increasing the cutting range and the depth of the excavation from approximately 300 mm to 2000 mm. This resolves the extremely low efficiency of existing cantilever TBMs in invert excavation. It truly enables full-face excavation with a cantilever TBM. While existing TBMs bolt the traveling section 43 to the main body, the new TBM utilizes a chassis structure, making installation and maintenance more convenient. The new TBM has a rational layout design. The vehicle's powertrain is located in the upper vehicle system 3, with the cab 31 centrally located to enhance the operator's field of view. The cutting mechanism 1 is driven by dual cylinders on both sides. Both cylinders are controlled by a single valve block, achieving a combined pull-and-push mechanism to control the rotation of the cutting mechanism 1.

[0065] Depend on Figure 1 As can be seen, the new tunnel boring machine (TBM) primarily consists of four systems: a cutting mechanism 1, a vehicle system 3, a chassis system 4, and a control system. Operating Principle: This new tunnel boring machine is powered by electricity. The rotation, lifting, and travel of the cutting mechanism 1 are driven by a hydraulic system 35; the cutting mechanism 1 is also driven by an electric motor. The movement of the cutting mechanism 1 is primarily controlled by a hydraulic cylinder, with its up / down, left / right movements controlled by a hydraulic cylinder. The cutting motor drives a reducer to rotate the cutting head 19 to cut rock. The travel unit 43 uses a variable hydraulic motor to drive a travel reducer, enabling high and low speed travel. The cutting mechanism 1 primarily comprises the cutting head 19, a cutting reducer, a cutting motor, a cutting boom, and a main boom 11. The chassis system 4 includes a chassis frame 41, engineering tracks, a travel reducer, a travel motor, a slewing bearing, and a slewing cylinder 25. The vehicle system 3 primarily comprises a hydraulic system 35, an electrical control box, the slewing mechanism 2, and a cab 31. The control system includes an electronic control mechanism and an electrical system 33.

[0066] In this embodiment, the structure of the original tunnel boring machine is optimized. The four major systems of the new tunnel boring machine have clear structures, and assembly and disassembly are convenient and quick; the cutting part adopts a two-section arm structure, which is more flexible and has a larger undercover capacity; the rotation is driven by an oil cylinder, which has stronger power.

[0067] The tunnel boring machine provided in this embodiment may also have the following improvements: 1) Compared with the existing cantilever tunnel boring machine, the new tunnel boring machine eliminates the rear support. The reason is that the new tunnel boring machine's extra-large undercover volume can be used with the chassis for installation and maintenance, and does not require the assistance of the rear support; 2) Existing tunnel boring machines have a shovel section and a first conveyor as discharge devices, while the new tunnel boring machine does not have a discharge system, which reduces the length and weight of the entire machine, makes transfer more convenient and flexible, and is more efficient when used with an excavator loader than the existing tunnel boring machine; 3) The cutting mechanism 1 of the new tunnel boring machine has an adjustable arm, which greatly improves the cutting range of the tunnel boring machine.

[0068] In the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless expressly limited otherwise. Terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "front" and "back" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0070] Throughout this specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," and "specific embodiments" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0071] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cantilever type roadheader, characterized in that: include: A cutting mechanism, comprising a main boom, a main boom cylinder, a cutting arm and a cantilever cylinder; A rotary mechanism, comprising a rotary table, wherein the rotary table is used to drive the cutting mechanism to rotate in a horizontal direction under the action of a driving force; The main arm is provided with a first hinge point, a second hinge point and a third hinge point, the first hinge point is used to hinge the cutting arm, the second hinge point is used to hinge one end of the cantilever cylinder, and the third hinge point is used to hinge the turntable; The second hinge point is provided at an end point of the main boom and is away from the first hinge point and the third hinge point, so as to expand the rotation range of the cutting arm relative to the main boom in the vertical direction; The main boom is provided with a fourth hinge point, and the fourth hinge point is used for hinge connection between the turntable and the main boom cylinder; The fourth hinge point is arranged on a line connecting the first hinge point and the third hinge point and close to one side of the first hinge point, so as to expand the rotation range of the main boom relative to the turntable in the vertical direction; The main boom is in a triangular structure, and the first hinge point, the second hinge point and the third hinge point are respectively arranged at the three end points of the triangular structure; The slewing mechanism includes two slewing cylinders; The turntable includes a turntable body and an articulated seat provided on the turntable body, the turntable is hinged to the main boom via the articulated seat, the turntable body is articulated to the main boom oil cylinder, two turntable oil cylinders are symmetrically provided on both sides of the turntable, and the articulated seat is driven to rotate by the reciprocating telescopic motion of the piston rod of the turntable; The rotary mechanism includes a valve block, which connects the two rotary cylinders. When the piston rod of one of the rotary cylinders is pushed toward the inside of the rotary cylinder, the piston rod of the other rotary cylinder is pulled toward the outside of the rotary cylinder, so that the two rotary cylinders form a linkage structure. The cantilever type roadheader also includes a chassis system and a vehicle system; The chassis system includes a chassis frame and a running part, wherein the running part is arranged below the chassis frame by fasteners, the upper vehicle system is arranged above the chassis frame by fasteners, and the slewing mechanism is arranged on the chassis frame by fasteners; The bottom frame is connected to a shovel plate portion, which is arranged below the bottom frame and extends to the rear of the cantilever roadheader. The shovel plate portion is used to transport the output material cut by the cutting mechanism to the rear area of ​​the cantilever roadheader. Wherein, the cantilever cylinder is respectively connected to the main boom and the cutting arm, and the cutting arm can rotate in the vertical direction relative to the main boom.

2. The cantilever type roadheader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The onboard system includes a power system and a cab; The power system is arranged at the rear of the cab and includes a hydraulic system and an electrical box; The hydraulic system is used to provide driving force to the cantilever cylinder, the main boom cylinder and the slewing cylinder. An electronic control operating system is provided in the cab, and the electrical box is used to supply power to the electronic control operating system.

3. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The walking part includes an engineering crawler, a walking reducer and a walking motor; The electrical box is electrically connected to the travel motor and is used to supply power to the travel motor; The output end of the travel motor is connected to the travel reducer to drive the engineering crawler to move.

4. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting arm is provided with a cutting head, which is in the shape of a cone. The cutting head is provided with a plurality of cutting teeth, which are spirally arranged on the surface of the cutting head.

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