Modeling methods for controlled sources, couplers, and biplane single-port networks

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for modeling controlled sources, couplers, and dual-wing single-port networks, belonging to the fields of circuit element models and circuit modeling methods. The proportional controlled source is a dual-wing controlled source in the form of a single-wing controlled source, consisting of two special cases: π-controlled sources and π-controlled sources, each with four types. The coupler is composed of proportional controlled sources, with two types: π-interchange and π-converter, each with three special cases: π-interchange and π-interchange, π-converter and π-converter, and π-converter. Each of these types has four special cases. In an unexcited single-port network, the self-excitation of the controlled source is equivalent to a resistor or impedance; in an excited single-port network, the self-excitation of the controlled source is equivalent to an actual power source; and in an isolated circuit, the self-excitation of the controlled source is equivalent to an independent source. A controlled source has signal transformation and control functions, while a coupler has parameter transformation and signal processing functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for modeling controlled sources, couplers, and dual-wing single-port networks, particularly a method for modeling controlled sources constructed using single-wing proportional controlled sources, couplers constructed using proportional proportional controlled sources, and dual-wing single-port circuit networks containing controlled sources and couplers using the superposition principle. It belongs to the categories of circuit element models, devices, and circuit modeling methods. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of society and technology, the application of circuits is becoming increasingly widespread. However, circuits are also becoming increasingly complex, evolving from simple parallel circuits, series-parallel conversion circuits, and triangular conversion circuits to super-complex circuits; from single-port circuit networks, two-port circuit networks to multi-port circuit networks; from single-phase single-wing circuits, double-wing circuits, and two-phase circuits to three-phase circuits and even four-wing circuits; from static circuits and steady-state circuits to dynamic circuits; from cascaded circuits, coupled circuits, or transmission circuits to control or source control circuits; from fully symmetrical circuits and quasi-symmetrical circuits to asymmetrical circuits; from linear circuits and nonlinear circuits to switching circuits and digital circuits. Circuits are developing rapidly, but this also brings enormous difficulties in circuit analysis, calculation, and design. Research on how to analyze circuits, improve circuit analysis principles, rules, and methods, construct a complete circuit analysis system, simplify circuits and reduce the difficulty of circuit design, reduce circuit complexity, and reduce circuit costs is of great significance.

[0003] The knowledge framework of circuits has three levels: the foundational layer, the methodological layer, and the application layer. Figure 1 As shown.

[0004] Building a circuit network requires circuit components. The graphic symbols and classifications of the components at both ends of the circuit are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the volt-ampere characteristic curves of an ideal DC power supply, an ideal meter, a resistive element, and a constant power source are as follows: Figure 3a , 3b As shown in 3c and 3d.

[0005] Circuit analysis often uses actual independent power supply components: actual independent voltage sources, actual independent current sources, and actual independent power supplies. The formation process of actual independent power supply components is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0006] Building complex circuits also requires two-port network modules. Two-port network modules are divided into two categories: basic modules and combined modules. Two-port basic modules are also called two-port element modules or simply two-port blocks, including two-port power supply blocks, two-port bidirectional blocks, two-port control power supply blocks, and two-port meter blocks.

[0007] Two-port bidirectional elements include two-port basic elements and two-port coupling elements. Two-port control source elements include proportionally controlled sources and integrally controlled sources. The graphical symbols and classifications of two-port elements are as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0008] Complex circuits are often composed of two, three, or more sets of circuits, and the symmetry between circuits is an important form of circuit.

[0009] Circuit symmetry: elements, levels, categories. Elements: topology, component type, component parameters, excitation; Levels: topology, circuit form, circuit structure, all; Categories: asymmetric, quasi-symmetric, fully symmetric. Asymmetry: structural asymmetry, i.e., asymmetric topology, type, or parameters; Quasi-symmetry: structural symmetry, excitation asymmetry; Full symmetry: structural symmetry, excitation symmetry. Structural symmetry is both formal symmetry and component parameter symmetry; formal symmetry is both topological symmetry and component type symmetry. Excitation symmetry: biphasic circuits have the same or opposite excitations; two-phase circuits have a one-quarter-cycle phase difference between excitations; three-phase circuits are divided into weakly symmetric and strongly symmetric circuits. Weak symmetry means the sum of the three-phase excitations is zero; strong symmetry means the phase difference between the three-phase excitations is one-third of a cycle.

[0010] Important circuit forms: Real circuit, single-phase circuit, where both variables and parameters are real numbers. Complex circuit, single-phase two-phase symmetrical composite circuit, where both variables and parameters are complex numbers; Complex circuit, single-phase two-phase symmetrical superposition circuit, where both variables and parameters are complex numbers; Cluster circuit, single-phase two-phase asymmetrical superposition circuit, where variables are complex numbers and parameters are cluster numbers. Horizontal circuit, single-wing double-wing symmetrical superposition circuit, where both variables and parameters are horizontal numbers; Vertical circuit, single-wing double-wing asymmetrical superposition circuit, where variables are horizontal numbers and parameters are vertical numbers. Horizontal circuit, single-phase symmetrical three-phase superposition circuit, where both variables and parameters are horizontal numbers; Micro circuit, single-phase asymmetrical three-phase superposition circuit, where variables are horizontal numbers and parameters are micro numbers.

[0011] Complex units Complex numbers are represented as or Complex unit ζ 2 =-1→ζ=±κ, complex number representation is or Cluster conjugate operator @, properties Cluster number is represented as Numerical unit ρ, properties of ρ 2 =1→ρ=±1, the numerical expression is Contrastive operators, properties The number of counters is represented as Volume unit λ 2 =γ、 Property λγ=γλ=λ 3 =γ 3=1, the number of volumes is expressed as Micro-number transposition operators $, #, and conjugate operator @, properties $$=#、##=$、$#=#$=1、 The micron number is represented as

[0012] A complex number is a number with an identifier that satisfies the commutative law of multiplication, such as complex numbers, complex numbers, alpha numbers, and alpha numbers. A generic number is a number with an identifier that does not satisfy the commutative law of multiplication, such as cluster numbers, alpha numbers, and micro numbers. Complex numbers and cluster numbers, alpha numbers and alpha numbers have a superposition of two states, while alpha numbers and micro numbers have a superposition of three states. The corresponding circuits are therefore called superposition circuits.

[0013] Complex numbers: Combinations of two real numbers, one real and one imaginary. A number whose imaginary part includes the imaginary unit ζ is called an imaginary number. The imaginary unit ζ is treated as a constant in arithmetic operations. Complex numbers are the superposition of two states: forward expansion and reverse expansion of a two-dimensional plane angle.

[0014] Properties of complex numbers:

[0015] 1. Representation of complex numbers:

[0016] 2. Conjugate of complex numbers:

[0017] 3. Addition and subtraction of complex numbers:

[0018] 4. Multiplication of complex numbers:

[0019] 5. Division of complex numbers:

[0020] 6. Conjugate operations:

[0021] Cluster number: The combination number of two complex numbers with their original part and Euclidean part. The Euclidean part with the conjugate operator @ is called an Euclidean number, such as It is called the original part or the shaft part. It is called the yoke or eclipse part. This refers to the eurythmic number or the conjugate number. A cluster number is a generic number containing the conjugate operator @, which is also called a conjugate factor. The conjugate operator @ is a right-hand operator that only transforms the cluster or complex number and variable on its right side, but has no effect on the number or variable on its left side. Clusters can be regarded as generalized complex number operators.

[0022] Properties of cluster numbers:

[0023] 1. Conjugate of clusters: The original part is conjugate, and the unequate part is conjugate; and:

[0024] 2. Cyclic Numbers: The original part is conjugate, and the Euclidean part is inverted; and:

[0025] 3. Addition and subtraction of cluster numbers: Additions and subtractions to the original part and the part of the 'E'; and:

[0026] 4. Multiplication of cluster numbers: The product is a cluster number; it does not possess the commutative property. But it possesses the associative law. and: but:

[0027] 5. The pattern of cluster numbers: The difference between the squares of the original part and the modulus of the Euclidean part;

[0028] 6. The reciprocal of a cluster number: The chiral of the cluster number divided by the modulus, where:

[0029] 7. Cluster multiplication of complex numbers: The product is a complex number, and It does not possess the commutative law But it possesses the associative law.

[0030] 8. Analysis of cluster numbers: special case:

[0031] The formation of the circuit, and the handling of transverse or cross-connected resistors and longitudinal or common resistors are as follows: Figure 6a , 6b As shown, the simplest typical two-phase circuit and its cluster circuit are as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0032] Current of the transverse resistor:

[0033] That is, we get:

[0034] Longitudinal resistor current:

[0035]

[0036] That is, we get:

[0037] A double-wing circuit is a two-wing circuit with a symmetrical structure, and it has two forms: parametrically symmetrical and parametrically asymmetrical.

[0038] A biplane circuit with parametric symmetry in a single-wing form is called a π circuit, while a general biplane circuit with a single-wing form is called a π circuit. The term also often specifically refers to a biplane circuit with asymmetric parametric parameters in a single-wing form. A π circuit is a π circuit with parameters of π numbers; it is a special case of a π circuit.

[0039] In analog electronics, a two-winged circuit without cross-linking except for the common-mode rejection resistor and the differential load resistor is called a differential circuit. The 'f' circuit corresponds to a symmetrical differential amplifier circuit, the 'd' circuit corresponds to a regular differential circuit, and the term 'asymmetrical differential circuit' is often specifically used to refer to an asymmetrical differential circuit.

[0040] A two-winged circuit is one of the most basic forms of circuitry, consisting of two sets of circuits that are spatially coaxial and opposite each other, with the same form and topology. When the structure is represented in a single-wing form, the two-winged circuit is called a double-winged circuit, with parameters called y-numbers and physical quantities called scalars. The formation of a double-winged circuit and the handling of differential resistors or differential-mode resistors and common-mode resistors are as follows: Figure 8a , 8b As shown. When the structure is represented in the form of a single wing, the symmetrical double-wing circuit is called a futuristic circuit, and its parameters and physical quantities are all futuristic numbers.

[0041] The biplane resistance, conductance, impedance, and admittance, when expressed in a singleplane form, are respectively called biplane resistance, biplane conductance, biplane impedance, and biplane admittance. They can be decomposed into two parts, one symmetrical in the forward direction and the other symmetrical in the reverse direction, respectively called biplane resistance and biplane resistance, biplane conductance and biplane conductance, biplane impedance and biplane impedance, and biplane admittance and biplane admittance. The relationships between the biplane parameters and the biplane parameters are as follows: Figure 9a , 9b , Figure 10a , 10b As shown.

[0042] Due to the flexibility of proportionally controlled sources, couplers, and integrally controlled source circuits, the proportionally controlled sources, couplers, and integrally controlled source circuits in the dual-wing circuit can be further configured into more functional interconnected modules, laying the foundation for building powerful dual-wing circuits.

[0043] Transforming a dual-wing circuit into a single-wing duct circuit greatly simplifies the process. Due to this simplification, the analysis and calculation of the duct circuit are also simplified. Therefore, how to construct the duct element is very important for the duct circuit.

[0044] Due to the importance of proportionally controlled sources and couplers in circuits, electronics, electrical appliances, and automatic control, the design and implementation of ideal circuit modules and circuit modules are of great significance. Because of the high degree of consistency between circuit signal transformation and mathematical variable operations—that is, circuits are the best application example of mathematics, and mathematics is the most powerful analytical tool for circuits—the principles of biplane circuits and their common-mode to differential-mode signal transformation are of great significance to both mathematics and circuits.

[0045] In practical circuits, port networks often contain controlled sources or are equivalent to containing controlled sources. How to make controlled sources equivalent in a single-port network, whether controlled sources in a multi-port network can also be equivalent, or how to determine whether controlled sources in a port network can be equivalent to ideal power sources, actual power sources, resistors, or impedances is a fundamental task with great application value. Summary of the Invention

[0046] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is:

[0047] 1. Controlled sources of the 'p', 'f', and 'p' constructed using a single-wing controlled source;

[0048] 2. Couplers constructed using controlled sources, including π-couplers, π-couplers, and π-couplers;

[0049] 3. Modeling methods for single-port networks containing a single controlled source and multiple controlled sources or couplers;

[0050] 4. Modeling methods for single-port networks containing a single controlled source and multiple controlled sources or couplers.

[0051] This invention provides a method for modeling controlled sources, couplers, and dual-wing single-port networks.

[0052] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0053] A type of proportionally controlled source has a control input port. and a power output port

[0054] The controlled source of the thrust ratio consists of four control relationships: s = Ψr, with parameters Ψ being Ψ 11 Ψ 12 Ψ 21 With Ψ 22 The same type of controlled-proportion single-wing source is composed of controlled-proportion single-wing sources Ψ 11 The control input port and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 21 The control input ports are connected to form the first control input port r1, and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 12 The control input port and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 22 The control input ports are connected to form a second control input port r2, and the two control input ports are combined to form the control input port of the proportional controlled source. Single-wing proportion controlled source Ψ 11 The power output port and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 12 The power output ports are connected to form the first power output port s1, and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 21 The power output port and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ22 The power output port is connected to form a second power output port s2, and the two power output ports are combined to form the power output port of the proportionally controlled source. The voltage input ports of the two single-wing proportional controlled sources are connected in parallel, and the current input ports are connected in series. The voltage output ports of the two single-wing proportional controlled sources are connected in series, and the current output ports are connected in parallel. The control relationship of the resulting proportional controlled source is as follows: parameter in:

[0055] There are four types of proportionally controlled sources: voltage-controlled voltage source, current-controlled current source, current-controlled voltage source, and voltage-controlled current source. The control relationship of the voltage-controlled voltage source is as follows: parameter Control relationship of current source for current control parameter Control relationship between current-controlled voltage source parameter Control relationship between voltage control current source parameter

[0056] The proportion of controlled sources of attack Right now To ensure the proportion of controlled sources, Right now For sources with controlled proportions;

[0057] Voltage control voltage source Right now To control the voltage source, Right now For voltage control voltage source;

[0058] Control the current source with current. Right now To control the current source, Right now To control the current source for the current;

[0059] Current-controlled voltage source Right now It is a current-controlled voltage source. Right now For current-controlled voltage source;

[0060] Voltage-controlled current source Right now As a voltage-controlled current source, Right now It is a voltage-controlled current source.

[0061] A coupler containing a proportionally controlled source has a primary-side port. and a secondary side port

[0062] The coupling consists of a proportionally controlled source and comes in two types: coupling transformer and coupling converter.

[0063] The transformer is controlled by a voltage source. A current-controlled current source Composition, the control input port of the voltage source for voltage control. Power output port of the current source controlled by the current. It is connected as the primary input port of the transformer and the control input port of the current control current source. The power output port of the voltage control voltage source. Connected in series as the secondary side port of the transformer; or the transformer is controlled by a voltage source controlled by a voltage source. A current-controlled current source Composition, the control input port of the current source for current control. The power output port of the voltage control voltage source. Connected in series as the primary input port of the transformer, and as the control input port of the voltage control source. Power output port of the current source controlled by the current. Connected as the secondary side port of the transformer, the control relationship of the transformer is as follows: parameter

[0064] The converter consists of two current-controlled voltage sources. and The first component is the control input port of the current-controlled voltage source. The power output port of the second current-controlled voltage source The first port is connected in series as the primary input port of the converter, and the second port is the control input port of the current control voltage source. The power output port of the first current-controlled voltage source Connected in series as the secondary side port of the converter; or the converter is controlled by two voltage sources. and The second voltage-controlled current source control input port is configured as follows: The power output port of the first voltage-controlled current source Connected in parallel to the primary side port of the converter, the first control input port of the voltage-controlled current source. The power output port of the second voltage-controlled current source Connected as the secondary side port of the converter, the control relationship of the converter is as follows: parameter

[0065] Countering the inverter, To counter the covariator, To counter the inverter;

[0066] Counter the converter, To hit the rotary head, To counter the inverter.

[0067] A coupler consists of two proportionally controlled sources, which can be either a proportional converter or a proportional-to-converter. A coupler consists of two proportionally controlled sources, which can also be either a proportional converter or a proportional-to-converter. A coupler consists of one proportionally controlled source and one proportionally controlled source, which can also be either a proportional converter or a proportional-to-converter.

[0068] Countering the inverter, Right now For the transformer, Right now For the transformer, Right now or Right now This is called a transducer;

[0069] Counter the converter, Right now For the converter, Right now For the converter, Right now or Right now This is called an inter-converter.

[0070] Transformer For covariate, For inverters, This is the left-hand converter. This is the right-hand converter;

[0071] Transformer For covariate, For inverter, This is the left-hand inverter. This is the right-hand converter;

[0072] Interconverter For the rotary device, For reversing, This is a left turn signal. This is a right turn device;

[0073] Conversion device For rotary valve, For the reverser, This is a left turner. Then it is a right turner.

[0074] A method for modeling a single-port network containing a single proportionally controlled source aggregated with a proportionally controlled source, which calculates the controlled power supply as an equivalent power supply or resistor and impedance by measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source. It is applicable not only to single-wing circuits, but also to symmetrical double-wing circuits or multi-wing circuits.

[0075] Step 1: Controlled source controlled by sensing control quantity Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation;

[0076] Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity

[0077] Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is

[0078] Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is:

[0079] Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is:

[0080] Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to an actual power supply;

[0081] Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to a resistor or impedance;

[0082] Step 8: According to the Thevenin-Norton theorem, the entire excited single-port network is equivalent to a real power source, and the entire unexcited single-port network is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

[0083] A method for modeling a single-port network containing multiple proportionally controlled sources or couplers of couplers, which calculates the equivalent of the controlled power source as an actual power source or resistor and impedance by measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, is applicable not only to single-wing circuits, but also to symmetrical double-wing circuits or galvanic circuits.

[0084] Step 1: The coupler adopts a dual-controlled-source model, that is, the activated single-port network contains N controlled sources; the controlled sources are controlled by sensing variables. Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation;

[0085] Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing All controlled power supplies are apparent to be zeroed. The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity Where: n = 1 to N;

[0086] Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. All controlled power supplies are assumed to be zero under excitation. Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is

[0087] Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation The control quantities of all controlled sources are measured individually. and output of partner quantity If the inactive controlled power supply is set to zero, then the proportionality coefficient of the controlled source's control quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: Where: m = 1 to M, M = N;

[0088] Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is:

[0089] Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power sources are equivalent to actual power sources, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to actual power sources;

[0090] Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power supplies are equivalent to resistors or impedances, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to resistors or impedances;

[0091] Step 8: According to the Thevenin-Norton theorem, the entire excited single-port network is equivalent to a real power source, and the entire unexcited single-port network is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

[0092] A method for modeling a single-port network containing a single controlled source with a proportional gain is proposed. By measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, the controlled power supply is calculated to be equivalent to an actual power supply or resistance and impedance. This method is applicable not only to symmetrical biplane circuits or biplane circuits, but also to asymmetrical biplane circuits or biplane circuits.

[0093] Step 1: Controlled source controlled by sensing control quantity Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation;

[0094] Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity

[0095] Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is

[0096] Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is:

[0097] Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is:

[0098] Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to an actual power supply;

[0099] Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to a resistor or impedance;

[0100] Step 8: The entire activated single-port network is equivalent to an actual power supply, and the entire unactivated single-port network is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

[0101] A method for modeling a single-port network containing multiple proportionally controlled sources or coupled couplers is proposed. By measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, the controlled power supply is calculated to be equivalent to an actual power supply or resistance and impedance. This method is applicable not only to symmetrical biplane circuits or biplane circuits, but also to asymmetrical biplane circuits or biplane circuits.

[0102] Step 1: The coupler adopts a dual-controlled-source model, that is, the activated single-port network contains N controlled sources; the controlled sources are controlled by sensing variables. Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation;

[0103] Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing All controlled power supplies are apparent to be zeroed. The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity Where: n = 1 to N;

[0104] Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. All controlled power supplies are assumed to be zero under excitation. Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is

[0105] Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation The control quantities of all controlled sources are measured individually. and output of partner quantity The inactive controlled power supply is set to zero, and the controlled power supply is set to the apparent excitation. The control quantities of all controlled sources are measured individually. and output of partner quantity The control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: Where: m = 1 to M, M = N;

[0106] Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is:

[0107] Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power sources are equivalent to actual power sources, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to actual power sources;

[0108] Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power supplies are equivalent to resistors or impedances, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to resistors or impedances;

[0109] Step 8: The entire activated single-port network is equivalent to an actual power supply, and the entire unactivated single-port network is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

[0110] A controlled source consists of two components: a sensor and a controlled power supply. **Combined:** The sensor and controlled power supply of the controlled source are in the same independent circuit or port network. **Discrete:** The sensor and controlled power supply of the controlled source are in different independent circuits or port networks.

[0111] Two-wing circuits exist in both symmetrical and asymmetrical forms. The relationships between variables in a two-wing circuit are commonly represented in matrix form, which is standardized and uniform, but the matrix representation of a two-wing circuit is relatively complex.

[0112] A symmetrical double-wing circuit with a single wing is called a symmetric circuit, where parameters and variables are represented by alpha numbers; while an asymmetrical double-wing circuit with a single wing is called a bipolar circuit, where parameters are represented by bipolar numbers and variables by alpha numbers. Clearly, a symmetric circuit is a special case of a bipolar circuit, which has a wider range of functions. Both symmetric and bipolar circuits are simple, intuitive, and easy to analyze and calculate.

[0113] The symbols for fundamental physical quantities in scissor circuits and doubly circuits differ from those in biplane circuits. In biplane circuits, the real-valued symbols for fundamental physical quantities are: voltage u, current i, node potential v, and loop circulating current j; in scissor circuits and doubly circuits, the real-valued symbols for fundamental physical quantities are: voltage... or Current or node potential or Loop circulation or

[0114] The real-value symbols for the parameters of a two-wing circuit are: resistance R, conductance G, and amplification factor A; the real-value symbols for the parameters of a three-wing circuit are: resistance... or electrical conductivity or Magnification or The symbol for the resistance of the circuit parameters is: resistance or electrical conductivity or Magnification or

[0115] Combination number: The combination number of two real numbers, the positive part a and the negative part b. The negative part with the negative number unit ρ, i.e., ρb, is called a negative number. The negative number unit ρ is regarded as a constant during operation, and ρρ = ρ 2 = 1. The combination number corresponds to a one-dimensional vector, so it has the same properties as a one-dimensional vector.

[0116] Properties of the combination number: [[ID= / / ID=12]]

[0117] 1. Representation of the combination number:

[0118] 2. Inverse of the combination number:

[0119] 3. Addition and subtraction of the combination number:

[0120] 4. Multiplication of the combination number:

[0121]

[0122] 5. Division of the combination number: 6. Operation of the inverse:

[0123] Counter number: Element part or original part And the reverse part or inverse part The combination number of two combination numbers. The reverse part with the reverse operator ◇, i.e., is called the inverse number or reverse number. The counter number is a general number containing the reverse operator ◇. The reverse operator ◇ is also called the reverse factor ◇◇ = 1. The reverse operator ◇ is a right - hand operator, which only transforms the counter number or combination number and variables on its right, and has no effect on the numbers or variables on its left. The counter number can be regarded as a generalized combination number operator.

[0124] Properties of the counter number:

[0125] 1. Inverse of the counter number: Element part inverse, reverse part inverse; and:

[0126] 2. Contrary of the counter number: Element part inverse, reverse part take the opposite; and:

[0127] 3. Addition and subtraction of the counter number: Element part addition and subtraction, reverse part addition and subtraction; and:

[0128] 4. Multiplication of the counter number: The product is a counter number; does not have the commutative law But it has the associative law And: But:

[0129] 5. The modulus of the dui number: The difference between the modulus squares of the yuan part and the ni part;

[0130] 6. The reciprocal of the dui number: The inverse of the dui number divided by the modulus, where:

[0131] 7. The multiplication of the dui number and the jiao number: The product is the jiao number, and It does not have the commutative law But it has the associative law

[0132] 8. The analysis of the dui number: Special cases:

[0133] Ordinary numbers: Composed of constants and characteristic identifiers. During the operation process, the characteristic identifiers are regarded as constants and have the multiplication commutative law.

[0134] Generalized numbers: Composed of ordinary numbers and operator identifiers. During the operation process, the operator identifiers are regarded as operators but do not have the multiplication commutative law.

[0135] Jiao circuit: Composed of jiao elements, jiao components, jiao controlled sources, jiao couplers and jiao modules. The parameters and variables are all jiao numbers, and it is a symmetric two-wing circuit represented in a single-wing form.

[0136] Dui circuit: Composed of dui elements, dui components, dui controlled sources, dui couplers and dui modules. The parameters are dui numbers and the variables are jiao numbers, and it is an asymmetric two-wing circuit represented in a single-wing form. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Ratio-controlled sources: The relationship between the ratio-controlled source framework and the single-wing form of ratio-controlled sources is as follows Figure 11 As shown, the relationship between input and output is as follows: There are four types of proportionally controlled sources: voltage-controlled voltage source, current-controlled current source, current-controlled voltage source, and voltage-controlled current source.

[0141] Input-output relationship of voltage source controlled by voltage: graphic symbols such as Figure 12a As shown;

[0142] Current source input-output relationship controlled by current: graphic symbols such as Figure 12b As shown;

[0143] Input-output relationship of current-controlled voltage source: graphic symbols such as Figure 12c As shown;

[0144] Input-output relationship of voltage-controlled current source: graphic symbols such as Figure 12d As shown.

[0145] A proportionally controlled source consists of a sensor and a controlled power supply. The sensor is like an ideal meter. There are two types of sensors: voltage sensors (like an ideal voltmeter) and current sensors (like an ideal ammeter). The controlled power supply also has two types: voltage source output type and current source output type. The control relationship between the controlled power supply and the sensor in a proportionally controlled source is linear.

[0146] The graphical symbol for the coupler frame is as follows: Figure 13 As shown, there are two types of couplers: coupler-to-coupler and coupler-to-converter.

[0147] Input-output relationship of the transformer: graphic symbols such as Figure 14a As shown;

[0148] Input-output relationship of the converter: graphic symbols such as Figure 14b As shown.

[0149] A special form of proportionally controlled source: a combined proportionally controlled source, consisting of two proportionally controlled sources of the same type, such as... Figure 15 As shown, there are four types: voltage source controlled by combined voltage, current source controlled by combined current, voltage source controlled by combined current, and current source controlled by combined voltage. (The text repeats itself here.) Figure 16a , 16b As shown in 16c and 16d.

[0150] A special type of coupler: a combined coupler, which consists of two couplers of the same type, such as... Figure 17As shown, there are two types: combined transformers and combined switch-to-converters, as shown in the figures below. Figure 18a , 18b As shown.

[0151] The signal transformation of the circuit is from matrix operations to symmetric arithmetic operations, and the relationship is as follows:

[0152]

[0153] ρ 2 If ρ = 1, then ρ = ±1. When ρ = +1, the quantile variable and the quantile variable correspond to the moving component or common-mode component; while when ρ = -1, the quantile variable and the quantile variable correspond to the differential component or differential-mode component. In a quantile circuit or a quantile circuit, the quantile value of the variable is an implicit superposition of the differential component or differential-mode component and the moving component or common-mode component, while when the variable is also expressed in quantile form, the quantile variable is an explicit superposition of the differential component or differential-mode component and the moving component or common-mode component.

[0154] The datum module is an important module in the datum circuit. Among them, the datum controlled source is a unidirectional signal control module, and the datum coupler is a bidirectional signal transmission module.

[0155] Controlled sources are the basic components of control circuits and are important control elements in circuits. They have functions such as isolation, amplification, common-mode conversion and operation, and differential-mode conversion and operation in control circuits.

[0156] Couplers are the basic components of transmission circuits, enabling more flexible and standardized circuit construction. They are important signal and parameter conversion components.

[0157] Couplers come in two types: transformers and converters. Each module has two parameters. When the two transfer coefficients of the transformer are of the same sign, it can perform the functions of an ideal transformer, resistance transformation, conductance transformation, capacitance transformation, and inductance transformation. When the two transfer coefficients of the transformer are of opposite signs, it can also perform the functions of positive-to-negative resistance transformation, positive-to-negative capacitance transformation, and positive-to-negative inductance transformation. When the two transfer resistors of the converter are of the same sign, it can perform the functions of a gyroscope, resistance-to-conductance transformation, and capacitance-to-inductance transformation. When the two transfer resistors of the converter are of opposite signs, it can perform the functions of positive-to-negative resistance-to-conductance transformation and positive-to-negative capacitance-to-inductance transformation. Couplers, especially anti-couplers, have a very rich set of transformation functions.

[0158] The differential circuit, also known as the single-wing differential circuit, has three core foundations, three basic analysis methods, three application circuit forms, and three commonly used solution forms, similar to the analysis of single-wing real circuits.

[0159] The modeling method for controlled sources, couplers, and dual-wing single-port networks has the advantages of simple structure, intuitive principle, ideal performance, and convenient application. It greatly enriches the circuit's computing function and perfectly solves the problem of parallel operation of common-mode and differential-mode signals. It has great significance in circuit construction, analysis, and design, and has wide practical value in the fields of electronic circuits, power equipment, and automatic control. Attached Figure Description

[0160] Figure 1 The basic framework of the fundamental circuit knowledge system;

[0161] Figure 2 Classification of commonly used two-terminal components;

[0162] Figure 3a , 3b I-V characteristic curves of 3C and 3D ideal DC power supplies, ideal meters, resistive elements, and constant power sources;

[0163] Figure 4 A diagram showing the relationship between actual voltage sources, actual current sources, and actual power supplies;

[0164] Figure 5 Graphical symbols and classifications of standard two-port basic modules;

[0165] Figure 6a , 6b The formation of cluster circuits, and the handling of transverse or cross-connected resistors and longitudinal or common resistors;

[0166] Figure 7 Two-phase simplest typical circuit and its cluster circuit;

[0167] Figure 8a , 8b The formation of the circuit, and the handling of differential resistors or differential-mode resistors and common-mode resistors;

[0168] Figure 9a , 9b The formation and composition of resistance and conductance;

[0169] Figure 10a , 10b The formation and composition of impedance and admittance;

[0170] Figure 11 The relationship between the controlled-proportion source framework and the single-wing form of controlled-proportion source;

[0171] Figure 12a , 12b The formation and graphic symbols of voltage-controlled voltage source, current-controlled current source, current-controlled voltage source, and voltage-controlled current source;

[0172] Figure 13 The relationship between the ram coupler frame and the single-wing ram coupler;

[0173] Figure 14a , 14b The formation and graphic symbols of duct-to-duct converters and duct-to-converters;

[0174] Figure 15 Relationship between proportionally controlled source framework and single-wing proportionally controlled source;

[0175] Figure 16a , 16b The relationship between the formation of 16c, 16d combined voltage controlled voltage source, combined current controlled current source, combined current controlled voltage source, and combined voltage controlled current source and the single-wing type proportional controlled source.

[0176] Figure 17 The relationship between the coupling frame and the single-wing type of the coupling;

[0177] Figure 18a , 18b The relationship between combined transformers, combined converters and single-wing type couplers;

[0178] Figure 19a , 19b The formation of voltage-controlled voltage source, current-controlled current source, current-controlled voltage source, and voltage-controlled current source; 19c, 19d

[0179] Figure 20a , 20b The formation of voltage-controlled voltage source, current-controlled current source, current-controlled voltage source, and voltage-controlled current source; 20c, 20d

[0180] Figure 21a , 21b Transformer structure schematic diagram;

[0181] Figure 22a , 22b Schematic diagram of the converter structure;

[0182] Figure 23a , 23b Schematic diagram of the transformer structure;

[0183] Figure 24a , 24b Schematic diagram of the converter structure;

[0184] Figure 25a , 25b The simplest typical circuit; the simplest typical circuit.

[0185] Figure 26 A symmetrical differential amplifier circuit with a typical load is equivalent to a scalar circuit.

[0186] Figure 27 A symmetrical differential amplifier circuit with a differential load is equivalent to a φ circuit;

[0187] Figure 28 An unloaded differential amplifier circuit with asymmetrical collector resistance is equivalent to a dynamometer circuit.

[0188] Figure 29 An unloaded differential amplifier circuit with all parameters being asymmetrical is equivalent to a dynamometer circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0189] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0190] Example 1

[0191] Controlled source of the proportion of the population

[0192] The proportional controlled source has a control input port. or and a power output port or There are four types: voltage-controlled voltage source, current-controlled current source, current-controlled voltage source, and voltage-controlled current source.

[0193] Voltage control voltage source: such as Figure 19a As shown, it consists of two sets of single-wing voltage control voltage sources (VCVS), each with two identical parameters. The first set of two single-wing voltage control voltage sources, VCVS11 and VCVS12, both have parameters α1. The second set of two single-wing voltage control voltage sources, VCVS21 and VCVS22, both have parameters α2. The voltage input ports of the two proportionally controlled sources, VCVS11 and VCVS22, are connected in phase and in parallel to form the first control input port u of the voltage control voltage source. ra The voltage input ports of the two proportionally controlled sources VCVS21 and VCVS12 are connected in phase and in parallel to form the second control input port u of the voltage control source. rb The two control input ports are combined to form the control input ports of the voltage source. The voltage output ports of two proportionally controlled sources, VCVS11 and VCVS21, are connected in series in the same direction to form the first power output port u of the voltage control voltage source. sa The voltage output ports of the two proportionally controlled sources VCVS22 and VCVS12 are connected in series in the same direction to form the second power output port u of the voltage control voltage source. sb The two power output ports are combined to form the power output ports of the voltage control voltage source. The matrix form of the input-output relationship of the voltage source under voltage control: Number form:

[0194] Current-controlled current source: such as Figure 19b As shown, it consists of two sets of single-wing current-controlled current sources (CCCS), each with two identical parameters. The first set of two single-wing current-controlled current sources, CCCS11 and CCCS12, both have a parameter of β1. The second set of two single-wing current-controlled current sources, CCCS21 and CCCS22, both have a parameter of β2. The current input ports of the two proportionally controlled sources, CCCS11 and CCCS22, are connected in series in the same direction to form the first control input port i of the current-controlled current source. ra The current input ports of the two proportionally controlled sources CCCS21 and CCCS12 are connected in series in the same direction to form the second control input port i of the current-controlled current source. rb The two control input ports are combined to form the control input port of the current source. The current output ports of the two proportionally controlled sources CCCS11 and CCCS21 are connected in phase and in parallel to form the first power output port i of the current-controlled current source. sa The current output ports of the two proportionally controlled sources CCCS22 and CCCS12 are connected in phase and in parallel to form the second power output port i of the current-controlled current source. sb The two power output ports are combined to form the power output port of the current-controlled current source. The matrix form of the input-output relationship of a current source controlled by a current source: Number form:

[0195] Current-controlled voltage source: such as Figure 19c As shown, it consists of two sets of single-wing current-controlled voltage sources (CCVS), each with two identical parameters. The parameters of the two single-wing current-controlled voltage sources in the first set are both r1, and the parameters of the two single-wing current-controlled voltage sources in the second set are both r2. The four current-controlled voltage sources are cross-connected to form two control input ports i. ra and i rb Combined into a control input port The two power output ports are formed sa and u sb Combined into a power output port The matrix form of the input-output relationship of a current-controlled voltage source: Number form:

[0196] Voltage-controlled current source: such as Figure 19dAs shown, it consists of two sets of single-wing voltage-controlled current sources (VCCS), each with two identical parameters. The parameters of the two single-wing voltage-controlled current sources in the first set are both g1, and the parameters of the two single-wing voltage-controlled current sources in the second set are both g2. The four voltage-controlled current sources are cross-connected to form two control input ports u. ra and u rb Combined into a control input port The two power output ports i sa and i sb Combined into a power output port The matrix form of the input-output relationship of a voltage-controlled current source: Number form:

[0197] Example 2

[0198] The proportion of the attack is controlled.

[0199] A proportionally controlled source often refers to a single-wing, asymmetric, bi-wing proportionally controlled source with one control input port. or and a power output port or There are four types: voltage-controlled voltage source, current-controlled current source, current-controlled voltage source, and voltage-controlled current source.

[0200] The proportional control source consists of four identical single-wing proportional control sources, which are cross-connected to form two control input ports u. ra u rb or i ra i rb Combined into a control input port or The two power output ports are formed sa u sb or i sa i sb Combined into a power output port or

[0201] The structure of the voltage source controlled by the voltage is as follows Figure 20a As shown, the input-output relationship of the voltage source controlled by the voltage source is as follows:

[0202] The structure of the current source controlled by the current is as follows Figure 20b As shown, the input-output relationship of the current source controlled by the current source is as follows:

[0203] The structure of the current-controlled voltage source is as follows: Figure 20cAs shown, the input-output relationship of the current-controlled voltage source is:

[0204] The structure of the voltage-controlled current source is as follows Figure 20d As shown, the input-output relationship of the voltage-controlled current source is:

[0205] Example 3

[0206] Singularity Controlled Source

[0207] Singular proportional controlled sources come in three forms: parallel proportional controlled sources, diagonal proportional controlled sources, and symmetrical proportional controlled sources.

[0208] When the proportion of confrontation is controlled, the source Right now When it is a proportionally controlled source, it is also called a combined proportionally controlled source;

[0209] When the proportion of confrontation is controlled, the source Right now The proportion of the source is controlled at that time;

[0210] When the proportion of confrontation is controlled, the source Right now or Right now The time is a controlled source with a high degree of concurrency;

[0211] Singular scale-controlled sources are special cases of scale-controlled sources.

[0212] Example 4

[0213] Coupler

[0214] The coupler has a primary-side coupling port. and a secondary side port There are two types: t-type transformers and t-type converters.

[0215] The transformer is controlled by a voltage source. A current-controlled current source Composition, such as Figure 21a As shown, voltage control voltage source Control input port With current control current source Power output port Connected as the primary side terminal of the transformer. Current control current source Control input port With voltage control voltage source Power output port Series connection as the secondary side port of the transformer

[0216] The voltage-current relationship between the primary and secondary sides of the transformer is as follows:

[0217] When the transfer coefficient values ​​are equal, that is A time-to-time converter is also called a time-to-time covariator, with the transfer coefficient values ​​being the opposite. A time-to-time inverter is also known as a time-to-time converter.

[0218] A controllable source with the same power ratio but using a different connection method is used as an example. Figure 21b As shown.

[0219] The converter consists of two current-controlled voltage sources. and Composition, such as Figure 22a As shown, the first current-controlled voltage source Control input port With the second current-controlled voltage source Power output port The primary-side port of the converter is connected in series. Second current-controlled voltage source Control input port With the first current-controlled voltage source Power output port The secondary side port of the converter is connected in series.

[0220] The voltage-current relationship between the primary and secondary sides of the converter is as follows:

[0221] When the transfer resistance values ​​are equal, that is A time-to-time converter is also called a time-to-time gyroscope, where the transfer resistance values ​​are reversed. A time-to-time converter is also called a time-to-time inverter.

[0222] An inverter consisting of two voltage-controlled current sources, such as Figure 22b As shown.

[0223] Example 5

[0224] Coupler

[0225] The coupler has a primary-side port. and a secondary side port There are two types: mutual converter and mutual inverter.

[0226] The transformer is controlled by a voltage source. A current-controlled current source Composition, such as Figure 23aAs shown, the voltage source is controlled by the voltage. Control input port With current control current source Power output port And connected as the primary side port of the transformer. Current control current source Control input port With voltage control voltage source Power output port Connected in series as the secondary side port of the transformer

[0227] The voltage and current relationship between the primary and secondary sides of the transformer is as follows:

[0228] When the transfer coefficient values ​​are equal, that is A time-to-time converter is the same as a time-to-time co-converter, with the transfer coefficient values ​​being the opposite. The time-to-time inverter is also called the time-to-time inverter.

[0229] A controlled source with the same voltage ratio but using a different connection method to form a voltage converter, such as... Figure 23b As shown.

[0230] The converter consists of two current-controlled voltage sources. and Composition, such as Figure 24a As shown, the first current-controlled voltage source Control input port With the second current-controlled voltage source Power output port Serial connection as the primary side port of the converter The second current-controlled voltage source Control input port With the first current-controlled voltage source Power output port Connected in series as the secondary side port of the converter

[0231] The voltage-current relationship between the primary and secondary sides of the converter is as follows:

[0232] When the transfer resistance values ​​are equal, that is A time-to-time converter is also called a time-to-time rotary converter, where the transfer resistance values ​​are reversed. The time-to-time converter is also called the time-to-time inverter.

[0233] A voltage converter consisting of two voltage-controlled current sources, such as Figure 24b As shown.

[0234] Example 6

[0235] The simplest typical circuit and the simplest parallel circuit

[0236] The simplest typical circuit is as follows Figure 25a As shown.

[0237] Direct analysis of the two-wing circuit: Differential resistor current: i x =G X (v1-v2), current of the common resistance:

[0238] The simplest typical circuit analysis:

[0239] Differential resistor current: That is, we get: The results are completely consistent with those calculated directly from the two-wing circuit.

[0240] Common resistance current: That is, we get: The results are completely consistent with those calculated directly from the two-wing circuit.

[0241] The simplest typical circuit is as follows Figure 25b As shown.

[0242] Direct analysis of the two-wing circuit:

[0243] Differential resistor current: i x =G X (v1-v2);

[0244] Common resistance current:

[0245] The simplest typical circuit analysis:

[0246] Differential resistor current: That is, we get: The results are completely consistent with those calculated directly from the two-wing circuit.

[0247] Common resistance current: That is, we get: The results are completely consistent with those calculated directly from the two-wing circuit.

[0248] Example 7

[0249] Example circuit 1: Symmetrical differential circuit with typical load

[0250] Symmetrical differential circuits with typical loads and their corresponding circuits, such as Figure 26 As shown.

[0251] Static DC component: Input signal v i1 and v i2Set to zero, ignoring the transistor input resistance r. BE

[0252] Base current:

[0253] Collector current, emitter current:

[0254] Focused voltage:

[0255] Dynamic component: power supply voltage V CC and V EE Set to zero, ignoring the input voltage drop EBE of the transistor.

[0256] Voltage amplification factor:

[0257] When ρ = 1 This refers to the common-mode voltage amplification factor.

[0258] When ρ = -1 This is the differential-mode voltage amplification factor.

[0259] Input resistance:

[0260] When ρ = 1 Common-mode input resistance;

[0261] When ρ = -1 This is the differential input resistor.

[0262] Output resistance: The common-mode output resistance is the same as the differential-mode output resistance.

[0263] Example 8

[0264] Example 2 of circuit design: Symmetrical differential circuit with differential load

[0265] Symmetrical differential circuits with differential loads and their corresponding circuits, such as Figure 27 As shown.

[0266] Static DC component: Input signal v i1 and v i2 Set to zero, ignoring the transistor input resistance r. BE

[0267] Base current:

[0268] Collector current, emitter current:

[0269] Focused voltage:

[0270] Dynamic component: power supply voltage V CC and V EE Set to zero, ignoring the input voltage drop EBE of the transistor.

[0271] Voltage amplification factor:

[0272] When ρ = 1 This refers to the common-mode voltage amplification factor.

[0273] When ρ = -1 This is the differential-mode voltage amplification factor.

[0274] Input resistance:

[0275] When ρ = 1 Common-mode input resistance;

[0276] When ρ = -1 This is the differential input resistor.

[0277] Output resistance: The common-mode output resistance is the same as the differential-mode output resistance.

[0278] Example 9

[0279] Example 1 of circuit design: Partially asymmetric no-load differential amplifier circuit

[0280] Unloaded differential circuit with asymmetrical collector resistance and its corresponding circuit, such as Figure 28 As shown.

[0281] Static DC component: Input signal v i1 and v i2 Set to zero, ignoring the transistor input resistance r. BE

[0282] Base current:

[0283] Collector current, emitter current:

[0284] Focused voltage:

[0285] Dynamic component: power supply voltage V CC and V EE Set to zero, ignoring the input voltage drop E of the transistor. BE

[0286] Voltage amplification factor:

[0287] When ρ = 1 A uccA is the common-mode amplification factor. ucd This refers to the common-mode and differential-mode coupling coefficients, or simply the common-mode and differential-mode coupling coefficients.

[0288] When ρ = -1 A udd A is the differential-mode amplification factor. udc This is the differential-mode and common-mode coupling coefficient, or simply the differential-common-mode coupling coefficient.

[0289] Input resistance:

[0290] Output resistance:

[0291] The partially asymmetric no-load differential amplifier circuit exhibits almost all the parameter forms of asymmetric circuits.

[0292] Example 10

[0293] Example 2 of circuit design: All asymmetric no-load differential amplifier circuit

[0294] All parameters are asymmetrical, and the corresponding circuit is as follows: Figure 29 As shown.

[0295] Static DC component: Input signal v i1 and v i2 Set to zero, ignoring the transistor input resistance r. BE

[0296] Base current:

[0297] Collector current, emitter current:

[0298] Focused voltage:

[0299] Dynamic component: power supply voltage V CC and V EE Set to zero, ignoring the input voltage drop EBE of the transistor.

[0300] Voltage amplification factor:

[0301] The asymmetric no-load differential amplifier circuit is a very complex circuit. It is simple to describe it using a logarithmic circuit and analyze it using logarithms.

Claims

1. A proportionally controlled source having a control input port. and a power output port Its features are: The controlled source of the thrust ratio consists of four control relationships: s = Ψr, with parameters Ψ being Ψ 11 Ψ 12 Ψ 21 With Ψ 22 The same type of controlled-proportion single-wing source is composed of controlled-proportion single-wing sources Ψ 11 The control input port and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 21 The control input ports are connected to form the first control input port r1, and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 12 The control input port and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 22 The control input ports are connected to form a second control input port r2, and the two control input ports are combined to form the control input port of the proportional controlled source. Single-wing proportion controlled source Ψ 11 The power output port and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 12 The power output ports are connected to form the first power output port s1, and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 21 The power output port and the single-wing proportional controlled source Ψ 22 The power output port is connected to form a second power output port s2, and the two power output ports are combined to form the power output port of the proportionally controlled source. The voltage input ports of the two single-wing proportional controlled sources are connected in parallel, and the current input ports are connected in series. The voltage output ports of the two single-wing proportional controlled sources are connected in series, and the current output ports are connected in parallel. The control relationship of the resulting proportional controlled source is as follows: parameter in: inverse operator Also known as the contrarian factor There are four types of proportionally controlled sources: voltage-controlled voltage source, current-controlled current source, current-controlled voltage source, and voltage-controlled current source. The control relationship of the voltage-controlled voltage source is as follows: parameter Control relationship of current source for current control parameter Control relationship between current-controlled voltage source parameter Control relationship between voltage control current source parameter 2. The controlled-ratio source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned controlled source of the repulsion ratio, Right now To ensure the proportion of controlled sources, Right now For sources with controlled proportions; The aforementioned voltage control voltage source, Right now To control the voltage source, Right now For voltage control voltage source; The aforementioned current-controlled current source, Right now To control the current source, Right now To control the current source; The aforementioned current-controlled voltage source, Right now It is a current-controlled voltage source. Right now For current-controlled voltage source; The aforementioned voltage-controlled current source, Right now As a voltage-controlled current source, Right now It is a voltage-controlled current source.

3. A coupler comprising a ratio-controlled source as described in claim 1 or 2, having a primary side port. and a secondary side port Its features are: The coupling is composed of the aforementioned ratio-controlled source and has two types: coupling transformer and coupling converter. The transformer is controlled by a voltage source. A current-controlled current source Composition, the control input convergence port of the voltage source under voltage control. Power output port of the current source controlled by the current. It is connected as the primary input port of the transformer and the control input port of the current control current source. The power output convergence port of the voltage control voltage source. Connected in series as the secondary side port of the transformer; or the transformer is controlled by a voltage source controlled by a voltage source. A current-controlled current source Composition, control input convergence port of the current source for current control. The power output port of the voltage control voltage source. Connected in series as the primary input port of the transformer, and as the control input port of the voltage control source. Power output port of the current source controlled by the current. Connected as the secondary convergence port of the transformer, the control relationship of the transformer is as follows: parameter The converter consists of two current-controlled voltage sources. and The first component is the control input port of the current-controlled voltage source. The power output port of the second current-controlled voltage source The first port is connected in series as the primary input port of the converter, and the second port is the control input port of the current control voltage source. The power output port of the first current-controlled voltage source Connected in series as the secondary side port of the converter; or the converter is controlled by two voltage sources. and The second voltage-controlled current source control input port is configured as follows: The power output port of the first voltage-controlled current source Connected in parallel as the primary side port of the converter, the control input port of the first voltage-controlled current source. The power output port of the second voltage-controlled current source Connected as the secondary side port of the converter, the control relationship of the converter is as follows: parameter 4. The coupler according to claim 3, characterized in that: The aforementioned inverter, To counter the covariator, To counter the inverter; The aforementioned converter, To hit the rotary head, To counter the inverter.

5. The coupler according to claim 3, characterized in that: The aforementioned coupler can be categorized as follows: a coupler consisting of two proportionally controlled sources is called a unidirectional coupler, which includes both unidirectional converters and unidirectional interchanges; a coupler consisting of two proportionally controlled sources is called a unidirectional coupler, which also includes both unidirectional converters and unidirectional interchanges; and a coupler consisting of one proportionally controlled source and one proportionally controlled source is called a unidirectional coupler, which also includes both unidirectional converters and unidirectional interchanges. The aforementioned inverter, Right now For the transformer, Right now For the transformer, Right now or Right now This is called a transducer; The aforementioned converter, Right now For the converter, Right now For the converter, Right now or Right now This is called an inter-converter.

6. The coupler according to claim 5, characterized in that: The aforementioned transformer For covariate, For convergent inverter, This is the left-converging converter. This is the right-hand converter; The aforementioned transformer For covariate, For inverter, This is the left-hand inverter. This is the right-hand inverter; The aforementioned converter For convergent rotary, For convergence inverter, This is a left turn signal. This is a right turn device; The aforementioned converter For rotary valve, For the reverser, This is a left turner. This is the right turner.

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