A rail dynamic vibration absorber and its application

Abstract

A rail dynamic vibration absorber includes an assembled phononic crystal structure, which is composed of several assembled components. Each assembled component has phononic crystal units distributed and arranged within its matrix structure to form a phononic crystal periodic structure. The matrix structure forms the skeletal foundation for the distributed arrangement of the phononic crystal units. The phononic crystal periodic structure utilizes its band gap characteristics to absorb vibrations and noise within a certain frequency band. The rail vibration absorber generates a band gap within the frequency range of 50 to 3000 Hz, which can cover the main frequencies of various vibrations and rapidly attenuate rail vibrations. The present invention can improve the efficiency of the vibration absorber's installation or disassembly and adjust the vibration and noise reduction effects by changing the parameters of the periodic structure. The band gap characteristics of the phononic crystal structure are utilized to enhance the vibration and noise reduction effects. The present invention can be widely applied to ballasted and ballastless track lines in urban rail transit, high-speed railways, heavy-haul railways, conventional railways, and intercity railways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transportation and relates to a rail dynamic vibration absorber and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of rail transit technology, environmental protection issues in rail transit are receiving increasing attention, especially the noise and vibration problems it generates. Taking vibration and noise reduction measures on rail transit lines is of great significance to the development of rail transit.

[0003] Vibration and noise reduction measures for rail transit primarily address three key areas: controlling the vibration / noise source, controlling the propagation pathway, and controlling the vibration / noise receiving body. Directly controlling vibration and noise at the vibration / noise source is the most direct and effective approach. Rails are the primary source of wheel-rail noise radiation, so implementing vibration and noise reduction measures on them is the primary method for reducing vibration and noise in rail transit.

[0004] Currently available rail vibration and noise reduction measures include: rail overloading, seamless rails, profile optimization, damped rails, and rail dynamic vibration absorbers. Rail dynamic vibration absorbers, which utilize dynamic vibration absorption technology and are installed on the rail waist or rail base, offer advantages such as simple structure, easy installation and maintenance, ready disassembly and adjustment, wide applicability, compatibility with other vibration and noise reduction devices, and the ability to target specific frequency bands. They are widely applicable to both ballasted and ballastless track lines in urban rail transit, high-speed rail, heavy-haul rail, conventional rail, and intercity rail. However, many rail dynamic vibration absorbers are designed based on a monolithic structure, making them difficult to adjust. Furthermore, most conventional rail dynamic vibration absorbers are two- or three-degree-of-freedom "damping spring-mass" units, which can only reduce rail vibration and noise within a narrow frequency band, limiting their effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention addresses the deficiencies in the prior art and aims to provide a novel rail dynamic vibration absorber having two technical features: a phononic crystal structure and an assembled structure.

[0006] A phononic crystal structure is a structure in which the basic building blocks of an object are arranged in a uniform manner. In recent years, inspired by the theory of electronic bands in natural crystals, researchers have discovered that within phononic crystal structures, there exists a frequency range that prohibits the propagation of certain classical waves. This frequency range is called a band gap. Elastic waves with frequencies within the band gap experience significant attenuation when passing through this structure, while elastic waves outside the band gap can pass smoothly through it. Phononic crystals can be categorized as one-, two-, or three-dimensional, depending on the spatial dimension in which their periodicity occurs. Different phononic crystal structures exhibit distinct band gap characteristics.

[0007] Prefabricated structures utilize prefabricated components as their primary load-bearing elements, assembled and connected together. Prefabricating structural components in the factory and then assembling and splicing them on-site facilitates construction planning and transportation organization, improving production efficiency and conserving energy. For rail dynamic vibration absorbers, the advantage of prefabricated structures lies in their adaptability to local conditions. A combination of "general components + specialized components" can be employed, enhancing the absorber's adaptability and leveraging its ability to reduce vibrations in specific frequency bands.

[0008] Based on the bandgap characteristics of phononic crystal structures and a prefabricated structural design method, the present invention proposes a prefabricated phononic crystal structure for rail dynamic vibration absorbers. By rationally designing the geometric and material parameters of the built-in phononic crystal structure layer of the vibration absorber, the present invention can generate a bandgap within the frequency range of 50 to 3000 Hz, and can cover the main frequencies of various vibrations. This can greatly attenuate the vibration of the rails, further reducing the vibration energy transmitted to the sub-rail structure and surrounding buildings, thereby protecting related structures. Different accessory structures can also be used according to different line requirements to achieve targeted vibration reduction, or the vibration absorption effect can be conveniently improved as needed after installation.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0010] A rail dynamic vibration absorber includes an assembled phononic crystal structure, which is composed of a plurality of assembled components. Each assembled component has phononic crystal units distributed and arranged in a matrix structure to form a phononic crystal periodic structure. The matrix structure constitutes a skeleton foundation for the distributed arrangement of the phononic crystal units. The phononic crystal periodic structure utilizes its band gap characteristics to absorb vibrations and noise within a certain frequency band.

[0011] Furthermore, the rail dynamic vibration absorber generates a band gap within the frequency range of 50 to 3000 Hz, which can cover the main frequencies of various vibrations and attenuate the vibration of the rail.

[0012] Optionally, the structure of each assembled component is exactly the same, including the external dimensions, the position of the docking interface, the shape, quantity and arrangement of the phononic crystal units.

[0013] Optionally, the element is shaped like a cuboid with local protrusions and grooves, with the protrusions or grooves on two faces in the same direction positioned exactly opposite each other, allowing the assembled elements to be joined together in one or two directions. The protrusions or grooves can be distributed continuously or discontinuously in the longitudinal direction.

[0014] Optionally, the lateral width of the prefabricated element is 10 to 35 mm, the vertical height is 10 to 50 mm, and the longitudinal length is between 100 and 600 mm as required.

[0015] Optionally, the shape and number of phononic crystal units within a cell can be adjusted based on the desired vibration and noise reduction frequency band. The cross-section of the two-dimensional phononic crystal unit column can be circular, rectangular, regular polygonal, or other suitable shapes. The column material can be designed to be hollow or solid based on the desired vibration reduction effect. The number of crystal units within a cell can be one unit or multiple units can be evenly distributed.

[0016] Optionally, the arrangement of the phononic crystal units within the cell can be varied as needed. The arrangement of the two-dimensional phononic crystal unit cylinders can be square, triangular, hexagonal, etc., and the arrangement and combination of the three-dimensional phononic crystal unit spheres can be simple cubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, etc.

[0017] Alternatively, the primary material of the cellular matrix structure is resin or plastic, with appropriate elasticity and damping selected based on design requirements, forming the skeletal foundation that maintains the arrangement of the phononic crystal units. The phononic crystal is a metal core or sphere coated with rubber. The cell size and appropriate material can be designed as needed.

[0018] Optionally, the bottom curved surface of the rubber base structure perfectly matches the shape of the upper and side rail base, allowing the assembled component to be stabilized on the rail by splicing with the base. The base can be selected as a monolithic or spliced ​​design depending on the project conditions, and the corresponding structure can be modified according to the different vibration absorbers on the rail waist and rail base to ensure structural stability.

[0019] Optionally, corresponding grooves are designed on the inner side of the rigid spring bar at the outer protrusions of the corresponding element, thereby increasing the contact area between the two. The spring bar can tightly clamp the main structure of the vibration absorber on the rail.

[0020] The above-mentioned rail dynamic vibration absorber is used in ballasted and ballastless track lines of urban rail transit, high-speed railway, heavy-haul railway, ordinary railway and intercity railway.

[0021] According to actual needs, different structural forms and materials are adopted, and targeted vibration and noise reduction are carried out by changing the shape, number, arrangement and cell structure of the phononic crystal unit, or longitudinal discontinuity.

[0022] Furthermore, the bottom curved surface of the base structure of the rail dynamic vibration absorber is completely aligned with the shape of the upper and side portions of the rail bottom, so that the assembled component can be stabilized on the rail by being spliced ​​with the base.

[0023] Optionally, the base structure of the rail dynamic vibration absorber can be selected as an integral type or a spliced ​​type according to engineering conditions, and the corresponding structure can be changed according to the differences between the rail waist and rail bottom vibration absorbers to ensure structural stability.

[0024] Specifically, the present invention may be:

[0025] A rail dynamic vibration absorber has a main structure consisting of prefabricated components that can be spliced ​​in one or two directions, and a rubber base. The components are connected using corresponding protrusions and grooves. Each component has an identical structure, with phononic crystal units arranged in a specific pattern within their base structure, forming a two-dimensional or three-dimensional phononic crystal periodic structure. The base structure is primarily made of resin or rubber, which has appropriate elasticity and damping properties and forms the skeletal foundation that maintains the arrangement of the phononic crystal units. The phononic crystal units are metal cores covered with rubber, and the size and material of the units can be customized. The base is composed of a rubber material with a bottom curved surface that conforms to the shape of the upper and side sections of the rail base. This reinforces the connection between the various prefabricated components through external connections and ensures that the entire vibration absorber adheres tightly to the rail, ensuring vibration and noise reduction. The absorber's exterior is secured to the rail waist and base by elastic bars containing protrusions that mate with the various components, providing a stable clamping force. The appropriate number of elastic bars can be arranged longitudinally to meet actual stability requirements.

[0026] To ensure the periodicity of the phononic crystal structure, each prefabricated element is preferably identical in structure, including dimensions, docking port locations, and the shape, number, and arrangement of the phononic crystal units. To ensure structural stability, each element is a rectangular parallelepiped, with the protrusions or grooves on two faces in the same direction aligned perfectly, allowing the prefabricated elements to be continuously extended in one or two directions by splicing.

[0027] Preferably, the transverse width of the prefabricated element is 10 to 35 mm, the vertical height is 10 to 50 mm, and the longitudinal length is between 100 and 600 mm as needed. The size design must ensure that the elements can be stably clamped on the waist and bottom of the rail with elastic bars after being spliced ​​transversely and vertically.

[0028] Preferably, the grooves and protrusions at the joints of the prefabricated elements can be distributed continuously or discontinuously in the longitudinal direction according to processing conditions and structural requirements.

[0029] Preferably, the base material of the prefabricated element is a resin or rubber material, which has damping while maintaining a certain elasticity, can form a regional resonance structure and absorb rail vibration.

[0030] Preferably, the shape of the phononic crystal unit can be changed as needed, and the cross-section of the column can be circular, rectangular, regular polygonal, or other suitable forms. The dimensions of the phononic crystal unit can be 3 to 20 mm in diameter, the same length as the vibration absorber, and the diameter of the sphere is 3 to 20 mm.

[0031] Preferably, the arrangement of units in the phononic crystal periodic structure can change the number of rows and columns of the array as needed, or adopt new arrangement and combination methods to form different two-dimensional or three-dimensional phononic crystal structures.

[0032] Preferably, the constituent material of the phononic crystal unit is selected from one or more rigid materials and elastic materials. Specifically, the rigid material is selected from one or more alloy materials and metal materials, and the elastic material is selected from one or more rubber materials and resin materials.

[0033] The lower curved surface of the rubber base should ideally match the profile of the rail bottom. A rubber material with a certain degree of plasticity can be considered when selecting the material. Its horizontal width should be 40-80mm, and its vertical height should be 20-60mm. The specific dimensions are related to the dimensions of the rail bottom.

[0034] The vibration absorber is preferably clamped to the rail using spring bars rather than bolts, ensuring the effective vibration and noise reduction of the phononic crystal periodic structure. The spring bars are designed with corresponding grooves at the external protrusions of the corresponding elements, allowing them to simultaneously ensure the stability of the main structure itself and stably clamp it to the rail. The spring bars have a horizontal width of 40 to 80 mm and a vertical height of 20 to 60 mm, with the specific dimensions related to the track rail base.

[0035] A prefabricated phononic crystal rail dynamic vibration absorber is used in the same manner as described above. The main structure consists of prefabricated components and a rubber base, clamped to the rail waist and rail base by longitudinally distributed elastic bars. Each prefabricated component contains a periodic phononic crystal structure formed by an arrangement of phononic crystal units.

[0036] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) Utilizing the band gap characteristics of the phononic crystal structure, the design parameters of the phononic crystal structure layer are adjusted to achieve targeted vibration reduction.

[0038] (2) The structural band gap has a certain width, rather than a single frequency. Therefore, the phononic crystal structure layer can absorb vibrations within a certain frequency band, thus having a higher comprehensive vibration reduction performance;

[0039] (3) The main body of the vibration absorber adopts an assembled structure, which can easily change the parameters of the vibration absorption periodic structure, thereby changing the vibration reduction and noise reduction effect of the dynamic vibration absorber;

[0040] (4) The assembled structure of the vibration absorber body improves the efficiency of installation or disassembly of the vibration absorber and reduces maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of Example 1 of the present invention, which is a rail dynamic vibration absorber installed on the rail waist, which is longitudinally continuous and has a cylindrical phononic crystal unit.

[0042] Figure 2 It is a left side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of an application example 1 of the present invention, which is a rail dynamic vibration absorber installed on the rail waist and rail bottom.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a left view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to application embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a rail dynamic vibration absorber in which the phononic crystal unit is a rectangular parallelepiped and is an application example 2 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a left view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to application embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of a rail dynamic vibration absorber with a three-dimensional phononic crystal structure, according to application example 3 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a left side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to application embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the fourth application example of the present invention - a longitudinally discontinuous rail dynamic vibration absorber.

[0050] Figure 10 This is a left side view of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to Example 4 of the method of use of the present invention.

[0051] Reference numerals: 1—assembled component, 2—phononic crystal unit, 3—joining protrusion, 4—rubber base, 5—elastic bar DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention provides a rail dynamic vibration absorber with an assembled phononic crystal structure and applications thereof.

[0053] <Rail Dynamic Vibration Absorber>

[0054] A steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with an assembled phononic crystal structure has a main structure consisting of assembled components that can be spliced ​​in one or two directions and a rubber base, with corresponding protrusions and grooves used to form the splicing between the various components. Each component has an identical structure, and a certain form of phononic crystals are arranged in its matrix structure to form a phononic crystal periodic structure. The main material of the matrix structure is resin, which forms the skeletal foundation for maintaining the arrangement of the phononic crystal units. The phononic crystal is a metal core coated with rubber, and the size and material of the unit cell can also be designed as needed. The base is composed of a rubber material with a bottom curved surface that fits the shape of the upper and side parts of the rail bottom. The outside of the vibration absorber is composed of elastic bars containing protrusions that cooperate with the various components to stably clamp on the rail waist and rail bottom of the steel rail. At least two elastic bars are arranged on the vibration absorber.

[0055] Each prefabricated component is identical in structure, including overall dimensions, docking port locations, phononic crystal unit shape, quantity, and arrangement. Each component is a rectangular parallelepiped with localized protrusions and grooves. The protrusions or grooves on two faces in the same direction correspond exactly, allowing prefabricated components to be joined together in one or two directions.

[0056] The horizontal width of the assembled components is 10-35mm, the vertical height is 10-50mm, and the vertical length is between 100-600mm according to the needs. The size design should ensure that the components can be stably clamped on the rail waist and rail bottom with spring bars after being spliced ​​horizontally and vertically.

[0057] The periodic structure of phononic crystals is designed to reduce vibration and noise. The cross-section of the two-dimensional phononic crystal unit column can be circular, rectangular, regular polygonal, or other suitable forms, and the number of rows and columns in the unit array can be varied. Three-dimensional phononic crystal units can be arranged and combined in new ways, such as simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic, to further suppress vibration propagation along the rail's longitudinal direction, taking into account the waveguide characteristics of the rail.

[0058] The phononic crystal unit can be a cylinder or a sphere. The cylinder cross-section diameter can be 3 to 20 mm, and the length is the same as the vibration absorber. The diameter of the sphere is 3 to 20 mm.

[0059] The base structure can be either integral or spliced, depending on the project conditions. The structure can be modified to ensure structural stability based on the rail waist and rail bottom vibration absorbers. The horizontal width ranges from 40 to 80 mm, and the vertical height ranges from 20 to 60 mm. The specific dimensions are related to the rail bottom dimensions.

[0060] The spring bars do not disrupt the periodic structure of the phononic crystal, ensuring its effective vibration and noise reduction. Corresponding grooves are designed on the inner side of the spring bars corresponding to the external protrusions of the element, increasing the contact area between the two and allowing the spring bars to tightly clamp the main structure of the vibration absorber to the rail.

[0061] The present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the main structure of the rail dynamic vibration absorber with an assembled phononic crystal structure of this embodiment is composed of an assembled element 1 and a rubber base 4 spliced ​​together, and is clamped on the waist of the rail by an elastic bar 5. The interior of the assembled element 1 is composed of a cellular arrangement and combination of a phononic crystal unit 2 and a matrix to form a two-dimensional phononic crystal periodic structure, and the elements are spliced ​​together by protrusions 3 and grooves at corresponding positions to form a stable structure. The material of the phononic crystal unit 2 is a metal core covered with rubber, and the matrix and base of the element are made of rubber material. The protrusions of the corresponding structure designed on the inner side of the elastic bar can fit tightly with the main structure, and the material is made of rigid metal.

[0064] The dynamic vibration absorber is continuous longitudinally, with a length approaching the length of the fastener section, measuring 500mm. It essentially encloses the rail waist in the reduced section, ensuring full contact between the absorber base and the rail for effective vibration absorption. The absorber consists of two prefabricated components 1 spliced ​​together horizontally and vertically. The main structure has a 33mm x 33mm square cross-section and a longitudinal length equal to the absorber, measuring 500mm. Each component's base contains two cylindrical phononic crystal units 2, each with a diameter of 6mm and a center distance of 16mm. The core requires sufficient mass to ensure effective vibration absorption. The base material is selected based on the component's size to ensure appropriate stiffness and damping. The columns can be arranged in a square configuration, or in triangular or hexagonal configurations, depending on the vibration reduction requirements. Each side of the prefabricated element 1 has two longitudinally continuous protrusions 3 or grooves with a length of 5mm and a height (depth) of 3mm, and an edge distance of 10mm, ensuring that the vibration absorber structure is within the limits of the rail and will not affect driving and track equipment.

[0065] The rubber base is 66mm wide and 30mm tall, with an inner curved surface that mirrors the base of a 60kg / m steel rail, providing a continuous longitudinal profile. Four protrusions are located on the upper portion of the base, corresponding to the grooves in the components. These protrusions join with two components to form the main structure.

[0066] Three rigid spring bars 5 are evenly spaced longitudinally, each with a horizontal width of 150mm, a vertical height of 120mm, and a vertical width of 40mm. Grooves are designed on the vertical inner sides of the spring bars at corresponding locations within the structure, perfectly fitting the main structure to clamp the dynamic vibration absorber and ensure structural stability.

[0067] <How to use rail dynamic vibration absorber>

[0068] A method for using a steel rail dynamic vibration absorber with an assembled phononic crystal structure, wherein the steel rail dynamic vibration absorber is formed by splicing assembly components and a base to form a main structure, and then clamped at the rail waist and rail bottom between two sets of fasteners by prefabricated elastic bars; Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the installed rail dynamic vibration absorber can also be replaced or modified by factory prefabrication or on-site installation.

[0069] The application of the rail dynamic vibration absorber of the present invention is not limited to rail transportation. After a slight adjustment of its structural dimensions, it can be put into use in fields requiring vibration reduction measures such as mechanical equipment and buildings, especially for structures with beam form, and has a good vibration reduction effect.

[0070] This embodiment features a rail dynamic vibration absorber installed simultaneously on the rail waist and rail base, absorbing vibrations at both locations. The dynamic vibration absorber is placed on the rail waist and rail base in the section requiring vibration reduction. Two or more spring bars are used to secure the two sets of fasteners. The dynamic vibration absorber's dimensions and material selection are designed based on the desired vibration reduction requirements.

[0071] Figure 3 、 Figure 4 Considering the stability of the rail bottom vibration absorber structure, two types of prefabricated components were designed for the rail bottom: one without grooves but with protrusions in two directions, and one with identical grooves and protrusions in corresponding positions on the transverse surface, allowing the rail bottom structure to be spliced ​​and extended horizontally without leaving any gaps. The latter is installed at the rail bottom. Due to the limited space at the rail bottom, with a vertical height of 20mm and a transverse width of 30mm, only one protrusion or groove is included on the left and right sides. This ensures that the vibration absorber structure remains within the confines of the rail while maintaining the appropriate core mass, base stiffness, and damping to achieve its vibration absorption effect.

[0072] Considering that the base needs to connect the main structure composed of two groups of rail waist and rail bottom, the base was redesigned into two mutually coupled rubber elements. The internal curved surface is completely in line with the top and side surfaces of the rail bottom, so that the main structure can be stably fitted on the rail waist and rail bottom.

[0073] Taking into account the complexity of the structural system and the increased deadweight, in order to maintain stability, the elastic bar is extended around the cross section of the vibration absorber. Each inner side has a protrusion corresponding to the structure, which stably clamps the main structure at the waist and bottom of the rail.

[0074] The rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to this embodiment has better vibration and noise reduction effects, but requires a larger space under the rail and is suitable for ballasted track lines with sufficient space under the rail.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] This embodiment is a rail dynamic vibration absorber with a rectangular phononic crystal unit, which meets the different vibration and noise reduction needs of rail transit. The dynamic vibration absorber is arranged at the waist of the rail in the section where vibration reduction modification is required, and two or more spring bars are used to fix the two sets of fasteners. The size parameters of the rail dynamic vibration absorber are designed and the material selection is carried out according to the vibration reduction needs.

[0077] The main difference from Example 1 is that: Figure 5 、 Figure 6 The shape of the phononic crystal units has been changed to a rectangular parallelepiped with a cross-sectional side length of 3mm. The units are arranged in a 4×2 array, with a lateral spacing of 7mm and a vertical spacing of 10mm between units. Due to the increased number of cores and structural period, the structure can be redesigned in terms of dimensions and materials to meet different vibration reduction requirements. This broadens and changes the frequency band characteristics of the rail dynamic vibration absorber, making it applicable to vibration and noise reduction projects on rail transit lines with different vibration reduction requirements.

[0078] The band gap characteristics of the rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to this embodiment have changed, which can reduce vibration and noise in different frequency bands. It can be combined with vibration absorbers of other structures according to local conditions and is suitable for rail transit lines with different vibration and noise reduction requirements.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] This embodiment is a rail dynamic vibration absorber with a three-dimensional phononic crystal structure, which is used to meet different vibration and noise reduction needs of rail transit. The dynamic vibration absorber is arranged on the waist of the rail in the section where vibration reduction modification is required, and two or more spring bars are used to fix the two sets of fasteners. The size parameters of the rail dynamic vibration absorber are designed and the material selection is carried out according to the vibration reduction needs.

[0081] The main difference from Example 1 is that: Figure 7 、 Figure 8 The cylindrical phononic crystal units in the unit cell are replaced with spherical scatterers with a diameter of 6 mm and a longitudinal spacing of 30 mm, forming a simple cubic arrangement of three-dimensional phononic crystal structures. A new periodic structure of the phononic crystals is introduced in the longitudinal direction to absorb longitudinal vibrations. The periodic characteristics along the longitudinal direction of the rails are also modified, improving the effectiveness of reducing rail vibration attenuation. This approach can be applied to vibration and noise reduction for rail transit lines with different requirements. The arrangement of the three-dimensional phononic crystal spheres can also be changed to more complex configurations, such as body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic, to adjust their vibration reduction effect.

[0082] The band gap characteristics of the rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to this embodiment have changed, which can reduce vibration and noise in different frequency bands. It can be used in conjunction with vibration absorbers of other structures according to local conditions for rail transit lines with different vibration and noise reduction requirements.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] This embodiment features a longitudinally discontinuous rail dynamic vibration absorber. The absorber's structure is adjusted to reduce rail load, making it suitable for lines where vibration and noise reduction are less demanding. Dynamic vibration absorbers are placed at the rail waist and rail foot in sections requiring vibration reduction. Dimensional parameters and material selection are tailored to the desired vibration reduction requirements.

[0085] The main difference from Example 1 is that: Figure 9 、 Figure 10 Three rail dynamic vibration absorbers, each 100mm long, are installed in the fastener section at 100mm intervals. Each absorber is secured with two rigid spring bars, each 20mm wide. Due to its lightweight design, it is ideal for vibration and noise reduction in complex track structures, such as tight-radius curves, turnouts, and bridge-roadbed transitions.

[0086] The rail dynamic vibration absorber corresponding to this embodiment is suitable for lines with low requirements for vibration and noise reduction. Different phononic crystal structures can also be designed to meet the different vibration and noise reduction requirements at different locations in the fastener interval to improve the vibration and noise reduction effect according to local conditions.

[0087] The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate understanding and application of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It will be apparent that those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without requiring inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rail dynamic vibration absorber, characterized by: The invention comprises an assembled phononic crystal structure, wherein the assembled phononic crystal structure is composed of a base formed by continuously splicing a plurality of assembled elements. Each assembled element has phononic crystal units distributed and arranged in its matrix structure to form a phononic crystal periodic structure. The matrix structure forms the skeleton foundation for the distributed arrangement of the phononic crystal units. The phononic crystal periodic structure utilizes its band gap characteristics to absorb vibrations and noises in a certain frequency band. The matrix structure of the assembled element is made of resin or plastic. The rail dynamic vibration absorber is an assembled component that is continuously spliced ​​in one or two directions; The base is made of rubber, and corresponding protrusions and grooves are set between each assembled component to facilitate base splicing. The base is composed of a material whose bottom curved surface fits the shape of the upper and side parts of the rail bottom; the outside of the vibration absorber is fitted with elastic bars with corresponding grooves that fit with each component, stably clamping it on the waist and bottom of the rail.

2. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rail dynamic vibration absorber generates a band gap within the frequency range of 50 to 3000 Hz, which can cover the main frequencies of various vibrations and attenuate the vibration of the rail.

3. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the assembled components has the same external dimensions, docking port positions, phononic crystal unit shapes, quantity and arrangement.

4. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the prefabricated element is a cuboid with local protrusions and grooves, and the positions of the protrusions or grooves on the two faces in the same direction are completely corresponding, so that the prefabricated elements can be spliced ​​with each other in one direction or two directions; the protrusions or grooves are distributed continuously or discontinuously in the longitudinal direction.

5. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each fabricated element has at least one phononic crystal unit therein.

6. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimensions of the assembled components are designed according to the type of rail and the need for vibration reduction, with a transverse width of 10-35 mm, a vertical height of 10-50 mm, and a longitudinal length of 100-600 mm.

7. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phononic crystal unit is designed as a hollow or solid two-dimensional phononic crystal unit column according to the requirements of the vibration reduction effect.

8. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The arrangement of the two-dimensional phononic crystal unit columns includes square, triangle or hexagonal arrangement.

9. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phononic crystal unit is a three-dimensional phononic crystal unit sphere.

10. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 9, characterized in that: The arrangement of the three-dimensional phononic crystal unit spheres includes simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic.

11. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phononic crystal unit is a metal core or a sphere covered with rubber.

12. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constituent material of the phononic crystal unit is selected from at least one of a rigid material and an elastic material.

13. The rail dynamic vibration absorber according to claim 12, characterized in that: The rigid material is selected from at least one of an alloy material and a metal material, and the elastic material is selected from at least one of a rubber material and a resin material.

14. Application of the rail dynamic vibration absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 12 in ballasted and ballastless track lines of urban rail transit, high-speed railway, heavy-haul railway, ordinary railway and intercity railway.

15. The use according to claim 14, characterized in that: According to actual needs, different structural forms and materials are adopted, and targeted vibration and noise reduction are carried out by changing the shape, number, arrangement and cell structure of the phononic crystal unit, or longitudinal discontinuity.

16. The use according to claim 14, characterized in that: The bottom curved surface of the base structure of the rail dynamic vibration absorber is completely consistent with the shape of the upper part and side of the rail bottom, so that the assembled component is stabilized on the rail by splicing with the base.

17. The use according to claim 14, characterized in that: The base structure of the rail dynamic vibration absorber can be selected as an integral type or a spliced ​​type according to the engineering conditions, and the corresponding structure can be changed according to the differences between the rail waist and rail bottom vibration absorbers to ensure structural stability.

Images