A multi-hydrological process in-situ simulation monitoring system for wetland plant community research

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-hydrological process in-situ simulation monitoring systems of wetland plant community research, including water tank, the water tank is divided into water inlet area, vegetation area and water outlet area from front to back, the water inlet area, vegetation area and water outlet area are sequentially communicated, vegetation group patch or single individual to be researched is equipped in the vegetation area, by respectively determining the hydrological element of water inlet area and water outlet area, the hydrological element of water inlet area and water outlet area is compared, and the difference value size reflects the influence degree of vegetation area existing vegetation community patch and vegetation individual to be researched on hydrological element, the hydrological element includes flow rate, water level, water body silt content and nutrient concentration.The system structure is simple, convenient to use, and more for the scale-dependent research of space self-organization research provides convenience.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ecological hydrology, in particular to a multi-hydrological process in-situ simulation monitoring system for wetland plant community research. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wetland vegetation community distribution research needs to carry out field investigation, monitoring and simulation based on multiple hydrological processes. The previous research on water ecological process is mostly based on field investigation combined with laboratory flume simulation, and then the hydrological and ecological model is constructed. However, the flume experiment simulation under laboratory conditions not only needs a large and open space, but also cannot meet the description of the specific hydrological process of the actual research area in the real region, so it often leads to the loss of some important parameters, resulting in the reduction of simulation accuracy. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out practical field simulation experiment. Therefore, how to develop a multi-parameter and multi-process in-situ flume which meets the functions of indoor flume is an important condition for current water ecological research. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a multi-hydrological process in-situ simulation monitoring system for wetland plant community research.

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: a multi-hydrological process in-situ simulation monitoring system for wetland plant community research, comprising a flume, the flume is divided into a water inlet area, a vegetation area and a water outlet area from front to back, the water inlet area, the vegetation area and the water outlet area are sequentially communicated, the vegetation area is provided with a vegetation individual or patch to be researched, by respectively measuring the hydrological elements of the water inlet area and the water outlet area, the hydrological elements include flow velocity (including size and direction), sediment content, nutrient concentration and the like; and comparing the hydrological elements of the water inlet area, the vegetation area and the water outlet area, the difference size reflects the influence degree of the vegetation individual or patch to be researched in the vegetation area on the hydrological elements. The vegetation area is the change of hydrological process or element inside the vegetation community or vegetation patch under the influence of vegetation, PS: the measurement of hydrological elements needs to be measured by using a flow velocity meter, a sediment content measuring instrument and a YSI water quality measuring device in the field.

[0005] Preferably, cameras are provided on the sides and directly above the water inlet area, vegetation area, and water outlet area, respectively (the function of the cameras is mainly to record the changes in the growth status of individual vegetation or vegetation patches under the combined effects of multiple hydrological factors, and to quantify the relationship between each hydrological factor and the degree of variation of individual vegetation or vegetation patches by comparing their change characteristics). These cameras are used to record the morphological change characteristics of individual vegetation or vegetation communities or the entire community within the experimental vegetation community or patch under hydrological and hydrodynamic changes. Finally, a differentiated comparison is performed based on the differences in vegetation morphology in the images under different conditions. This is mainly based on the changes in the position trajectory of the target vegetation individual or overall in the image, which deviates from a specific center point, to quantify its change characteristics, and ultimately to quantify the relationship between its morphological changes and hydrological factors.

[0006] Preferably, the water trough is divided into a comparison area and a simulation area on the left and right sides by a central axis partition. The water trough in the simulation area is divided into the water inlet area, vegetation area and water outlet area from front to back. The water trough in the comparison area is divided into the water inlet area, comparison vegetation area and comparison water outlet area in proportion to the water trough in the simulation area from front to back. The water trough in the comparison area and the water trough in the simulation area are separated by a partition in the middle. No vegetation individuals or vegetation patches are placed in the water inlet area, vegetation area and water outlet area of ​​the water trough in the comparison area. By measuring the hydrological parameters of the comparison inlet area, the inlet area, the comparison outlet area, and the outlet area, such as flow velocity and direction, sediment content, and nutrient concentration, the impact of individual vegetation and patch morphology on hydrological parameters was determined. This impact mainly reflects the barrier effect of vegetation on the water body at the inlet and outlet ends, manifested as changes in water level, flow velocity, sediment deposition, and nutrient concentration. Since the vegetation area in the simulation area is designed to reveal the changes in hydrological processes or factors within individual vegetation and vegetation patches under the presence of vegetation, the difference in hydrological parameters between the comparison area and the simulation area reveals the absolute value of the impact of individual vegetation or patches on hydrological parameters under the presence of vegetation in the simulation area.

[0007] Preferably, the water inlet end of the water tank is provided with a plurality of water inlet baffles for adjusting the water inlet amount, the water inlet baffles are rotatably installed on the water inlet end of the water tank through hinges, the rotation angle of the water inlet baffles is adjusted to adjust the size of the water inlet of the water tank, and the adjustment of the blocking effect of the water flow is realized; since the water inlet is formed by a plurality of layers of hinges arranged at different heights, each layer of hinges represents the adjustment of different water layers, and finally the water flow rate and flow of different water layers are adjusted. As another concept of the above-mentioned scheme, the water outlet end of the water tank is also provided with a plurality of water outlet baffles for adjusting the water outlet amount, the water outlet baffles are rotatably installed on the water outlet end of the water tank through hinges, the rotation angle of the water outlet baffles is adjusted to adjust the size of the water outlet of the water tank, and the blocking effect of the water flow is realized. Similarly, different layers of hinges are arranged to adjust the water flow rate and flow of different water layers at the water outlet. The hinge design at the water inlet can adjust the angle between the hinge and the water inlet surface through the connected pull rod, and then adjust the flow direction of the water body during water inlet. During the research, in addition to the flow rate difference caused by the difference of the field location, the flow rate of different water layers is adjusted as needed to study the influence of the flow rate change of different water layers on the hydrological elements around the aquatic vegetation. Therefore, adjustable baffles (which can be organic glass or stainless steel sheets, and the plate surface adjusts the angle with the ground through the connected hinge) are arranged at the water inlet end. Here, the angle between the rotating baffle connected with the hinge and the vertical plane / ground is adjusted to realize the blocking effect of the water flow, and then the water flow rate of different water layers is adjusted (the black parallelogram shown in the schematic diagram of the water inlet area). In addition, rotating baffles in all directions can also be designed in the water inlet direction to control the flow direction of the water body.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom of the water tank is also provided with a plurality of micro-topography simulation components, the micro-topography simulation components are square or rectangular stainless steel sheets connected in series to two mutually perpendicular rotating handles. The two vertically intersecting rotating handles are embedded in the two vertically intersecting welded hollow stainless steel pipes to realize the rotation adjustment of the two vertical pairs of rotating handles.

[0009] Preferably, all the square or rectangular stainless steel sheets of the micro-topography simulation components are neatly arranged in a plane. Since the vertically intersecting rotating handles are embedded in the two vertically intersecting welded hollow stainless steel pipes, the rotating handle rod can be rotated to make the stainless steel sheet inclined at a certain angle and locked at a certain position according to the needs of the topographic adjustment of a certain plane point, the adjustment of the ground undulation is realized, and then the micro-topography structure is simulated.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the system has a simple structure and is easy to use. By integrating multiple components, it forms a combination of vertical multi-space and multi-compartment divisions, providing a technical device for quantitatively comparing the interaction mechanism between hydrological processes and vegetation community patches or individual plants, and facilitating the scale-dependent research of spatial self-organization research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural perspective diagram of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 A top view of the water tank structure of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3a It is a right side view of the water tank structure of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3b This is a schematic structural diagram of the water inlet baffle of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 A bottom view of the water tank structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 A bottom view of the water tank structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 6 This is a front view of the micro-topography simulation component structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 7 It is a side view of the micro-topography simulation component structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein arrows in the drawings indicate the direction of water flow or the direction in which its components can move.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, a multi-hydrological process in-situ simulation monitoring system for wetland plant community research includes a water tank, which is divided into a comparison area B and a simulation area A on the left and right by a central axis partition. The comparison area B is divided into a comparison water inlet area 11, a comparison vegetation area 12 and a comparison water outlet area 13 from front to back, and the simulation area A is divided into a water inlet area 21, a vegetation area 22 and a water outlet area 23 from front to back. No vegetation is placed in the comparison water inlet area 11, the comparison vegetation area 12 and the comparison water outlet area 13. The water inlet area 21, the vegetation area 22 and the water outlet area 23 are connected in sequence. The water inlet area 11, the comparison vegetation area 12 and the comparison outlet area 13 are connected in sequence, and the vegetation community 10 or individual or patch to be studied is provided in the vegetation area 22. The hydrological elements of the comparison water inlet area 11 and the comparison outlet area 13 as well as the water inlet area 21 and the outlet area 23, such as the flow velocity and direction, sediment content, nutrient concentration, etc., are measured respectively; and the hydrological elements of the water inlet area 21 and the outlet area 23 as well as the comparison area and the simulation area are compared. The difference reflects the degree of influence of the vegetation community or individual or patch to be studied in the vegetation area on the hydrological elements. The vegetation area is the change of the hydrological process or elements inside the vegetation community or vegetation patch under the influence of vegetation. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the figure, the right side is the water inlet / water inlet end, and the left side is the water outlet / water outlet end.

[0021] Preferably, cameras 3 are provided on the sides and directly above the water inlet area 21, vegetation area 22, and water outlet area 23, respectively, for recording the morphological change characteristics of individual vegetation or the entire community patch within the experimental vegetation community or patch under hydrological and hydrodynamic changes. Finally, the morphological changes of the vegetation on the image are compared to clarify the position trajectory interval or amplitude of the target vegetation individual or the entire patch vegetation community morphology (plant stems and leaves) deviating from the specific center point in the image, quantify its change characteristics, and finally quantify the quantitative relationship between the changes in the individual vegetation traits or patch morphological characteristics and the hydrological elements.

[0022] like Figure 3a and Figure 3bAs shown, the water inlet end of the water trough is equipped with a plurality of water inlet baffles 4 with adjustable water inlet volume. The water inlet baffles 4 are rotatably mounted on the water inlet end of the water trough through hinges. One end of the water inlet baffle 4 is connected to a rotating handle 41 to adjust the rotation angle of the water inlet baffle 4, thereby adjusting the size of the water inlet of the water trough and achieving a water flow barrier effect. The water inlet is located at different heights according to the different layers set, thereby adjusting the water flow rate of different water layers. In this embodiment, the rotating handle 41 is set to be rotatable 0-90 degrees, that is, the water inlet baffles 4 can be parallel to the bottom of the water trough at most. The water inlet baffles 4 are made of organic glass for easy observation. In addition, according to the height of the vegetation and the number of layers of the water layer, the number of water inlet baffles 4 can also be multi-layered and arranged in an upper and lower manner at the water inlet end of the water trough. The finer the vegetation, the more water inlet baffles 4 are. As another concept of the above scheme, the water outlet end of the water sink can also be installed with a plurality of water outlet baffles with adjustable water output. The water outlet baffles are uniformly and rotatably installed at the water outlet end of the water sink through hinges. The rotation angle of the water outlet baffles is adjusted to adjust the size of the water outlet of the water sink, thereby achieving a blocking effect on the water flow, and then adjusting the water flow rate of different water layers to control the flow direction of the water body.

[0023] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, during the research process, the landforms around the vegetation community patches or individuals will affect the water dynamics and flow field entering the water tank. Therefore, the bottom of the water tank is designed with several micro-topography simulation components 5 in the water inlet area 21 and / or the comparative water inlet area 11 to simulate the influence of micro-topography structure differences on water dynamics. The micro-topography simulation components 5 can be small spring pieces that are formed into upright and horizontal positions by rotation. The small spring pieces are staggered in upright and horizontal positions to simulate the influence of the topography changes at the front end of the water inlet on the shape of the vegetation individuals or patches. Its main function is to change the water dynamics and flow field conditions by the topography and thus affect the vegetation. When the upright spring piece rotates (clockwise or counterclockwise) 90°, the spring piece is parallel to the bottom surface. The two rows of parallel upright spring pieces are staggered to form a fluctuating degree of topography change. The micro-topography simulation component 5 in this embodiment is cross-shaped and is composed of a stainless steel sphere 51 and two vertical stainless steel sheets 52 welded or inserted with organic glass clamps. The center of the sphere 51 can be inserted into the shaft of the elongated rotating handle 50. Multiple sets of micro-topography simulation components 5, including upright retaining plates (stainless steel plates 52 or plexiglass sheets), are neatly arranged and laid flat on the bottom of the sink. The entire device consists of multiple sets of micro-topography simulation components, made of square or rectangular stainless steel plates neatly arranged in a line or plane. Because the hollow sphere 51 allows for the free rotation of the rotating handle, turning the handle to tilt it at a certain angle adjusts to the undulations of the ground, thereby simulating the micro-topography structure and ultimately adjusting the topography.

[0024] In previous studies, flume experiments were mostly conducted indoors, and the water flow rate was controlled by installing an engine at a certain location in the annular flume, equipped with a rotating wheel that paddles the water. This flow rate control is divorced from the multi-factor combined effects of the hydrodynamic conditions in the vegetation area in the actual environment, and it is difficult to control the flow rate, especially the flow rate control of each water layer. Because hydrodynamic changes are affected not only by vegetation but also by the morphology of micro-geomorphic units, the interaction between hydrodynamics, vegetation, and micro-topography affects each other. Existing laboratory flume studies cannot integrate these factors. Moreover, transplanting vegetation under laboratory conditions is also a factor that leads to inaccurate experimental results. This design does not require transplanting vegetation and can be completed under field conditions. It is entirely possible to carry out regulation simulation research under real field conditions, integrating multiple hydrological elements and processes.

[0025] The flume design for this study can be constructed not only from stainless steel but also from any corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, and other resilient materials. Besides simple manual control, the flow rate can be set on-site using motors and devices that propel the water flow. The micro-topography at the bottom of the flume can also be simulated by placing any quantifiable, rough-shaped physical structure made of plastic, stainless steel, stone, or other materials.

[0026] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. In other words, any simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application and the content of the invention description are still within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ simulation and monitoring system for multiple hydrological processes in wetland plant community research, characterized by: The invention comprises a water trough, wherein the water trough is divided into a water inlet area, a vegetation area and a water outlet area from front to back, wherein the water inlet area, the vegetation area and the water outlet area are connected in sequence, wherein patches of vegetation groups or individual plants to be studied are provided in the vegetation area, and cameras are provided on the sides and directly above the water inlet area, the vegetation area and the water outlet area respectively; the hydrological elements of the water inlet area and the water outlet area are respectively measured, and the hydrological elements of the water inlet area and the water outlet area are compared, and the difference reflects the degree of influence of the vegetation community patches and individual plants to be studied in the vegetation area on the hydrological elements, wherein the hydrological elements include flow velocity, water level, sediment content of the water body and nutrient concentration; and according to the position trajectory change of the target vegetation individual or the whole deviating from the specific center point in the image recorded by the camera, its change characteristics are quantified. Finally, the relationship between its morphological changes and hydrological elements is quantified; the water inlet end of the water trough is equipped with a plurality of water inlet baffles with adjustable water inlet volume, and the water inlet baffles are rotatably mounted on the water inlet end of the water trough through a movable hinge; the water outlet end of the water trough is equipped with a plurality of water outlet baffles with adjustable water outlet volume, and the water outlet baffles are rotatably mounted on the water outlet end of the water trough through a movable hinge; the bottom of the water trough is also equipped with a plurality of micro-topography simulation components, and the micro-topography simulation components are welded by a sphere and a plurality of stainless steel sheets, and the stainless steel sheets are welded to the sphere in a cross shape, and the center of the sphere is provided with a connecting hole for inserting a rotating handle.

2. The in-situ simulation and monitoring system for multiple hydrological processes for wetland plant community research according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water trough is divided into a comparison area and a simulation area on the left and right sides by a central axis partition. The water trough in the simulation area is divided into the water inlet area, vegetation area and water outlet area from front to back. The water trough in the comparison area is parallel to the simulation trough and is divided into the water inlet area, comparison vegetation area and comparison water outlet area in proportion with reference to the water trough in the simulation area. The water trough in the comparison area and the water trough in the simulation area are separated by a partition in the middle. No vegetation individuals or vegetation patches are placed in the water inlet area, vegetation area and water outlet area of ​​the water trough in the comparison area.

3. The in-situ simulation and monitoring system for multiple hydrological processes for wetland plant community research according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The centers of the spheres of all the micro-topography simulation components are neatly arranged in a line.

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