Quick self-centering device for machining open impellers

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of machining tooling, and specifically refers to a rapid self-centering device for machining open impellers on a lathe, which includes a base, a centering sleeve, a fixing plate, locking screws, positioning columns, a pressing plate, limit bolts and limit nuts. A centering sleeve is provided in the middle of the base, and a positioning groove is provided on the base. The fixing plate is embedded in the positioning groove, and an impeller storage groove is provided on the fixing plate. Positioning columns are fixedly arranged at intervals on the bottom of the impeller storage groove, and locking screws are circumferentially and evenly distributed on the side wall of the impeller storage groove. The pressing plate is placed above the fixing plate and is connected to the base through limit bolts and limit nuts. A driving and moving mechanism is provided between the centering sleeve and the base. The driving and moving mechanism includes a centering shaft, a cylinder sleeve, an air pipe and an air pump. A hub limit groove is provided at the upper end of the centering sleeve. The axes of the centering sleeve, the base and the fixing plate are on the same axis. The present invention has good compatibility, wide applicability, rapid and convenient impeller centering, low cost and high machining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of machining tooling, and specifically refers to a rapid self-centering device for turning open impellers. Background Art

[0002] An open impeller has no front cover plate, the flow passage is generally narrow, the structural design is thin, the rigidity is poor, the machining difficulty is large, there is chatter, serious deformation, poor surface roughness, and low machining efficiency. There are generally three machining methods: The first is small cutting depth and slow feed. The advantage is that no tooling is required, and the disadvantage is that a four-jaw chuck is used, and the clamping and alignment time is long. Due to poor rigidity, there is chatter, deformation, poor surface roughness, low machining efficiency, and unstable quality; The second is to use filling materials to enhance the overall rigidity process, generally using gypsum filling. The advantage is that the overall rigidity is significantly improved, and the disadvantage is that a four-jaw chuck is used, the clamping and alignment time is long, the use of gypsum increases the cost, and stress deformation will occur during machining. Since the gypsum fixation cannot be released, after the gypsum is removed, the stress is released, and the impeller will deform; The third is to use tooling to enhance the overall rigidity, which is applicable to various types of impellers, and the machining effect is better than the first two. However, the disadvantage of the existing tooling is poor compatibility, and it is necessary to design the tooling separately, with special parts for special use, which increases the tooling cost; Using a four-jaw chuck, the clamping and alignment time is long. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a rapid self-centering device for turning open impellers, which has a simple structure, good compatibility, wide applicability, rapid and convenient impeller centering, low cost, and high machining efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A rapid self-centering device for machining an open impeller, characterized in that it comprises a base, a centering sleeve, a fixed disk, a locking screw, a positioning column, a pressing plate, a limit bolt and a limit nut. A centering sleeve is provided in the middle of the base. A positioning groove is provided on the base, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the positioning groove. The fixed disk is embedded in the positioning groove and connected to the base. A positioning through hole is provided in the middle of the fixed disk. An impeller storage groove is provided on the fixed disk. Positioning columns are fixedly arranged at intervals on the bottom of the impeller storage groove. Threaded holes are evenly distributed in a circumferential manner on the side wall of the impeller storage groove. The locking screw passes through the threaded hole and is threadedly connected to the fixed disk, so as to limit the blades of the open impeller through the locking screw. A pressing plate is provided above the fixed disk. Guide holes are respectively provided on both sides of the pressing plate. Limit threaded holes matching with the guide holes are provided on the base. One end of the limit bolt is threadedly connected to the limit nut, and the other end sequentially passes through the guide hole and the limit threaded hole and is fixedly connected to the base, so as to press and limit the open impeller through the pressing plate. The lower end of the centering sleeve is connected to the base, and the upper end sequentially passes through the through hole and the positioning through hole and is placed in the impeller storage groove. A hub limit groove is provided at the upper end of the centering sleeve, so as to limit the conical surface of the hub of the open impeller through the hub limit groove. The axes of the centering sleeve, the base and the fixed disk are on the same axis, so as to realize the automatic centering of the open impeller.

[0006] A driving movement mechanism is provided between the centering sleeve and the base of the present invention. The driving movement mechanism comprises a centering shaft, a cylinder sleeve, an air pipe and an air pump. The lower end of the centering sleeve is fixedly connected to the centering shaft. The centering shaft is placed in the cylinder sleeve. The centering shaft is in sealed sliding connection with the cylinder sleeve. The cylinder sleeve is fixedly connected to the base. An air inlet hole is provided on the cylinder sleeve. One end of the air pipe is connected to the air inlet hole, and the other end is connected to the air pump, so as to apply pressure to the inside of the cylinder sleeve through the air pump, drive the centering shaft to move upward, and drive the upper end of the centering sleeve to press the conical surface of the hub of the impeller.

[0007] Due to the adoption of the above structure, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, good compatibility, wide applicability, rapid and convenient centering of the impeller, low cost and high processing efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0008] Figure 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the open impeller fixed on the fixed disk when the present invention is in use.

[0010] Figure 3 is the present invention Figure 2 's cross-sectional view.

[0011] Reference numerals: base 1, centering sleeve 2, fixing plate 3, locking screw 4, positioning post 5, pressing plate 6, limit bolt 7, limit nut 8, positioning perforation 9, impeller storage groove 10, hub limit groove 11, driving moving mechanism 12, centering shaft 13, cylinder sleeve 14. Detailed implementation manners

[0012] The following will further describe in detail the detailed implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0013] A rapid self-centering device for machining an open impeller by turning is characterized in that it includes a base 1, a centering sleeve 2, a fixing plate 3, a locking screw 4, a positioning post 5, a pressing plate 6, a limit bolt 7 and a limit nut 8. A centering sleeve 2 is provided in the middle of the base 1. A positioning groove is provided on the base 1, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the positioning groove. The fixing plate 3 is embedded in the positioning groove and connected to the base 1. A positioning perforation 9 is provided in the middle of the fixing plate 3. An impeller storage groove 10 is provided on the fixing plate 3. Positioning posts 5 are fixedly arranged at intervals on the bottom of the impeller storage groove 10. Threaded holes are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the side wall of the impeller storage groove 10. The locking screw 4 passes through the threaded hole and is threadedly connected to the fixing plate 3 to facilitate limiting the blades of the open impeller through the locking screw. A pressing plate 6 is provided above the fixing plate 3. Guide holes are respectively provided on both sides of the pressing plate 6. Limit threaded holes matching the guide holes are provided on the base 1. One end of the limit bolt 7 is threadedly connected to the limit nut 8, and the other end sequentially passes through the guide hole, the limit threaded hole and is fixedly connected to the base 1 to facilitate pressing and limiting the open impeller through the pressing plate. The lower end of the centering sleeve 2 is connected to the base 1, and the upper end sequentially passes through the through hole and the positioning perforation 9 and is placed in the impeller storage groove 10. A hub limit groove 11 is provided at the upper end of the centering sleeve 2 to facilitate limiting the conical surface of the hub of the open impeller through the hub limit groove. The axes of the centering sleeve 2, the base 1 and the fixing plate 3 are on the same axis to facilitate realizing the automatic centering of the open impeller.

[0014] A driving moving mechanism 12 is provided between the centering sleeve 2 and the base 1 of the present invention. The driving moving mechanism 12 includes a centering shaft 13, a cylinder sleeve 14, an air pipe and an air pump. The lower end of the centering sleeve 2 is fixedly connected to the centering shaft 13. The centering shaft 13 is placed in the cylinder sleeve 14. The centering shaft 13 is in sealed sliding connection with the cylinder sleeve 14. The cylinder sleeve 14 is fixedly connected to the base 1. An air inlet hole is provided on the cylinder sleeve 14. One end of the air pipe is connected to the air inlet hole, and the other end is connected to the air pump to facilitate applying pressure to the inside of the cylinder sleeve through the air pump, driving the centering shaft to move upward, and driving the upper end of the centering sleeve to press the conical surface of the hub of the impeller.

[0015] As shown in the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 3, during use, place the open impeller to be processed into the impeller storage groove of the fixed disk. The positioning columns arranged at intervals in the impeller storage groove can support the open impeller. The positioning columns are circumferentially distributed around the axis of the fixed disk, and the number of positioning columns is set according to requirements. The conical surface of the hub of the open impeller faces the hub limit groove of the centering sleeve, and the hub limit groove is nested in cooperation with the conical surface of the hub. Press the pressing plate on the hub of the open impeller. The limit bolt passes through the guiding hole and the limit threaded hole to be fixed to the base. The limit nut is sleeved on the limit bolt without being tightened, leaving an appropriate space for movement. The air pump is controlled by an air valve. Open the air valve, and the gas enters through the air inlet hole to drive the centering shaft to drive the centering sleeve to move upward. The hub limit groove of the centering sleeve catches the conical surface of the hub of the open impeller upward to complete the rough centering of the open impeller. Then tighten the limit nuts on both sides of the pressing plate. The pressing plate presses the upper end surface of the hub of the open impeller downward, and the lower end surface of the hub of the open impeller enters the hub limit groove of the centering sleeve to be caught and limited. The blades of the open impeller abut against the positioning columns to be fixed. The blades of the open impeller are supported by the positioning columns. In this way, the fine centering of the open impeller is completed. Then tighten the locking screws in sequence. The number and positions of the locking screws are determined according to the number and positions of the blades on the open impeller. The locking screws abut against the blades on the impeller without damaging the blades, making the open impeller and the fixed disk form a whole. At this time, the axis of the open impeller and the axis of the fixed disk are on the same vertical line, realizing the centering of the impeller. Loosen the limit nuts on both sides of the pressing plate, and take out the impeller and the fixed disk together from the base to perform subsequent processing. After the processing is completed, loosen the locking screws in sequence to remove the open impeller. The present invention can be provided with multiple fixed disks. In this way, when one fixed disk is taken away for processing, take another fixed disk and place it on the base, place the open impeller to be processed, and perform positioning according to the above method. After the current group of processing is completed, the open impellers of the next group are also positioned and can be taken away for subsequent processing, greatly improving the working efficiency of the open impeller processing. Moreover, the positioning method of the present invention is simple. The pressing plate presses the upper end surface of the hub, and the centering sleeve fixes the lower end surface of the hub. The force on the open impeller is axial. The blades of the open impeller are supported by the positioning columns and are abutted and limited by the locking screws. This not only does not damage the blades of the open impeller, but also increases the rigidity of the open impeller. At the same time, one fixed disk can adapt to open impellers with different numbers of blades, with good compatibility and wide applicability, indirectly reducing the processing cost of the open impeller.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above structure, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, good compatibility, wide applicability, fast and convenient impeller centering, low cost, high processing efficiency, etc.

Claims

1. A rapid self-centering device for machining an open impeller, characterized in that: It includes a base, a centering sleeve, a fixing plate, locking screws, positioning posts, a pressing plate, limit bolts and limit nuts. A centering sleeve is provided in the middle of the base. A positioning groove is provided on the base, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the positioning groove. The fixing plate is embedded in the positioning groove and connected to the base. A positioning perforation is provided in the middle of the fixing plate. An impeller storage groove is provided on the fixing plate. Positioning posts are fixedly arranged at intervals on the bottom of the impeller storage groove. Threaded holes are evenly distributed in a circumferential manner on the side wall of the impeller storage groove. The locking screws pass through the threaded holes and are threadedly connected to the fixing plate. A pressing plate is provided above the fixing plate. Guide holes are respectively provided on both sides of the pressing plate. Limit threaded holes matching with the guide holes are provided on the base. One end of the limit bolt is threadedly connected to the limit nut, and the other end sequentially passes through the guide hole, the limit threaded hole and is fixedly connected to the base. The lower end of the centering sleeve is connected to the base, and the upper end sequentially passes through the through hole and the positioning perforation and is placed in the impeller storage groove. A hub limit groove is provided at the upper end of the centering sleeve. The axes of the centering sleeve, the base and the fixing plate are on the same axis. A driving and moving mechanism is provided between the centering sleeve and the base. The driving and moving mechanism includes a centering shaft, a cylinder sleeve, an air pipe and an air pump. The lower end of the centering sleeve is fixedly connected to the centering shaft. The centering shaft is placed in the cylinder sleeve, and the centering shaft is in sealed sliding connection with the cylinder sleeve. The cylinder sleeve is fixedly connected to the base. An air inlet hole is provided on the cylinder sleeve. One end of the air pipe is connected to the air inlet hole, and the other end is connected to the air pump. During use, the open impeller to be processed is placed in the impeller storage groove of the fixing plate. The positioning posts support the open impeller. The conical surface of the hub of the open impeller faces the hub limit groove of the centering sleeve. The hub limit groove and the conical surface of the hub are nested in cooperation. The pressing plate is pressed on the hub of the open impeller. The limit bolts pass through the guide holes, the limit threaded holes and are fixedly connected to the base. The limit nuts are sleeved on the limit bolts and are not tightened, leaving appropriate space for movement. The air pump is controlled by an air valve. The air valve is opened, and the gas enters through the air inlet hole, driving the centering shaft to drive the centering sleeve to move upward. The hub limit groove of the centering sleeve upwardly catches the conical surface of the hub of the open impeller, completing the rough centering positioning of the open impeller. Then, the limit nuts on both sides of the pressing plate are tightened. The pressing plate presses the upper end face of the hub of the open impeller downward. The lower end face of the hub of the open impeller enters the hub limit groove of the centering sleeve and is stuck and limited. The blades of the open impeller abut against the positioning posts and are fixed. The blades of the open impeller are supported by the positioning posts. In this way, the fine centering positioning of the open impeller is completed. The locking screws are sequentially tightened, and the locking screws abut against the blades on the impeller, making the open impeller and the fixing plate form an integral body. The limit nuts on both sides of the pressing plate are loosened, and the impeller and the fixing plate are taken out together from the base, and subsequent processing can be carried out.

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