Experimental system and method for the effect of hidden water hazards in mines

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of hazard source effect experiment technology, and in particular to a system and method for experimenting on the effect of hidden water hazards in mines. The system includes an experimental platform, which includes a sand trough, and a physical model is arranged inside the sand trough; an aquifer inlet and an aquifer outlet are arranged on the left and right walls of the sand trough respectively, the aquifer inlet is connected to the aquifer water supply tank, and the aquifer outlet is connected to the aquifer drainage tank; a plurality of pressure measuring ports and a hazard source inlet are arranged on the front side wall of the sand trough, and a plurality of pressure measuring tubes corresponding to the pressure measuring ports are arranged outside the sand trough, and each pressure measuring port is connected to each pressure measuring tube respectively, and the hazard source inlet is connected to the hazard source water supply tank. The present invention facilitates the grasping of the hydrogeological effects of hidden water hazards in mines, has great practical significance for the location of the hazard source, and is of great significance for disaster warning and investment in water control projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hazard source effect experiments, and in particular to a system and method for conducting a mine hidden water hazard source effect experiment. Background Art

[0002] Concealed water-conducting collapse columns and water-conducting faults are the most serious hidden water hazard sources in coal seam floors, and have caused water inrush and well flooding disasters in many coal mines. At present, there is no effective geophysical prospecting method to identify hidden water hazard sources, so the risk of water inrush and well flooding due to collapse columns and faults is still uncontrollable. One of the main reasons for the frequent occurrence of such disasters is that the effects of the hazard sources are not understood, so existing technologies cannot confirm or locate hidden water hazard sources.

[0003] Therefore, developing experimental technology for the hydrogeological effects of hidden water hazards in mines has great practical significance for tracing and locating the sources of hazards, and is of great significance to disaster warning and investment in water prevention and control projects. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system, which is used to solve the problem that the prior art cannot confirm or locate the hidden water hazard source.

[0005] The present invention provides a mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system, comprising an experimental platform, wherein the experimental platform comprises a sand trough, wherein a physical model is arranged inside the sand trough; an aquifer water inlet and an aquifer water outlet are arranged on the left and right walls of the sand trough respectively, wherein the aquifer water inlet is connected to an aquifer water supply tank, and the aquifer water outlet is connected to an aquifer drainage tank; a plurality of pressure measuring ports and a hazard source water inlet are arranged on the front side wall of the sand trough, a plurality of pressure measuring tubes corresponding to the pressure measuring ports are arranged outside the sand trough, wherein each of the pressure measuring ports is connected to each of the pressure measuring tubes respectively, and the hazard source water inlet is connected to the hazard source water supply tank.

[0006] According to a mine hidden water hazard hazard source effect experimental system provided by the present invention, the physical model includes a bottom plate aquiclude, an aquifer and a top plate aquiclude arranged in sequence from bottom to top, a hazard source structure is provided in the aquifer, and the upper and lower ends of the hazard source structure are respectively connected to the top plate aquiclude and the bottom plate aquiclude; wherein the hazard source structure is a water-conducting subsidence column or a water-conducting fault.

[0007] According to a mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system provided by the present invention, a temperature sensor is provided in the aquifer, and the temperature sensor is respectively connected to one end of the temperature sensor cable. A sensor cable through hole is provided on the front side wall of the sand trough, and the other end of the temperature sensor cable passes through the sensor cable through hole and is connected to a data acquisition instrument.

[0008] According to a mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system provided by the present invention, the aquifer includes a detection area and a non-detection area, the detection area is provided with a plurality of detection points, and the temperature sensor is respectively provided at each of the detection points.

[0009] According to a mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system provided by the present invention, a water inlet end gravel belt is provided in the aquifer near the left side wall of the sand trough, and a drainage end gravel belt is provided in the aquifer near the right side wall of the sand trough.

[0010] According to a mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system provided by the present invention, the hazard source water inlet and the pressure measuring port are both arranged at the bottom of the front side wall of the sand trough, and the hazard source water inlet is arranged at the middle position of the front side wall of the sand trough, and the multiple pressure measuring ports are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the hazard source water inlet.

[0011] According to a mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system provided by the present invention, a first overflow trough is provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the aquifer water supply tank, a first drainage hole is provided at the bottom of the aquifer water supply tank, and the first drainage hole is connected to the first overflow trough; a second overflow trough is provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the aquifer drainage box, a second drainage hole is provided at the bottom of the aquifer drainage box, and the second drainage hole is connected to the second overflow trough; a third overflow trough is also provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the aquifer drainage box, and the hazard source water inlet and the hazard source water supply tank are connected through the third overflow trough.

[0012] According to a mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system provided by the present invention, each of the pressure measuring ports is connected to a drain pipe, and a drain valve is provided on the drain pipe.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for testing the effects of hidden water hazards in mines, which uses the above-mentioned system for testing the effects of hidden water hazards in mines, and comprises:

[0014] A water-conducting sinkhole column is set in the detection area of ​​the aquifer, and an effect detection experiment of the water-conducting sinkhole column in the detection area is carried out;

[0015] Or, a water-conducting fault is set in the test area of ​​the aquifer, and an effect simulation experiment of the water-conducting fault being located in the test area is conducted;

[0016] Or, a water-conducting fault is set in the non-detection area of ​​the aquifer, and an effect detection experiment of the water-conducting fault located in the non-detection area is conducted;

[0017] Alternatively, a water-conducting sinking column is set in a non-detection area of ​​the aquifer, and an effect simulation experiment of the water-conducting sinking column being located in the non-detection area is conducted.

[0018] According to a method for testing the effects of hidden water hazards in mines provided by the present invention, the effect testing experiment of the water-conducting subsidence column located in the testing area specifically includes:

[0019] A bentonite layer is laid on the bottom plate of the sand trough as a bottom plate waterproof layer;

[0020] A plurality of numbered pressure detection tubes are arranged in the bottom plate waterproof layer, so that the pipe opening of each pressure detection tube faces upward and is higher than the upper surface of the bottom plate waterproof layer, and ensure that the pipe opening center of each pressure detection tube is arranged at the coordinates of each detection point in the detection area, and then each pressure detection tube is connected to a plurality of pressure measuring ports on the front side wall of the sand trough one by one;

[0021] A hazard source detection tube is arranged at the hazard source coordinates in the detection area, with the pipe opening of the hazard source detection tube facing upward and higher than the upper surface of the bottom plate waterproof layer, and then the hazard source detection tube is connected to the hazard source water inlet on the front side wall of the sand trough;

[0022] A cylindrical tube is set at the coordinates of the hazard source in the detection area;

[0023] Laying quartz sand on the bottom plate waterproof layer as an aquifer;

[0024] Filling gravel into the cylindrical tube until the height of the gravel is the same as the thickness of the aquifer, then pulling out the cylindrical tube and filling the remaining space with quartz sand;

[0025] Digging an inlet trough and a drainage trough at the left and right ends of the aquifer respectively, then filling the inlet trough with gravel to form an inlet end gravel belt, and filling the drainage trough with gravel to form a drainage end gravel belt;

[0026] Insert a plurality of numbered temperature sensors at the pipe openings of each pressure testing tube, and then pass each temperature sensor cable through the sensor cable through hole and connect it to the corresponding node of the data acquisition instrument;

[0027] Laying a bentonite layer on the aquifer as a top waterproof layer;

[0028] Filling water into the aquifer water supply tank so that the water head in the aquifer water supply tank is consistent with the overflow port position of the first overflow tank;

[0029] When the aquifer outlet begins to overflow, observe the water level of each pressure measuring tube, take the connecting line of each detection point in the detection area along the water flow direction as the longitudinal section, and take the connecting line of each detection point perpendicular to the water flow direction as the transverse section, and draw the longitudinal section water head line diagram and the transverse section water head line diagram;

[0030] Open each drain valve, take water samples to measure the concentration of target ions as the background value of aquifer water quality;

[0031] When a stable overflow occurs at the aquifer outlet and the water head of the longitudinal section and the cross section is close to normal, record the time and the experiment begins; read and record the water head value of each pressure measuring tube and the temperature value of each detection point; open the water inlet valve of the dangerous source to provide water with a constant water head P, a constant temperature T, and a constant ion concentration C to the dangerous source;

[0032] Read the water head and water temperature data every predetermined time, and draw the longitudinal and cross-sectional water head line diagrams and water temperature line diagrams in time;

[0033] When the water head change between the two detection points of the longitudinal section and the cross section is less than 1mm, and the temperature difference between the two detection points of the longitudinal section and the cross section is less than 0.1 degrees, the flow field is considered stable.

[0034] When the flow field is stable, open the drain valves in turn and collect water samples for concentration analysis; then close the water supply valve of the dangerous source;

[0035] The water-containing layer is cleaned until the error between the target ion concentration and the local value is less than a predetermined value.

[0036] The mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system provided by the present invention sets a physical model inside the sand trough, sets an aquifer inlet and an aquifer outlet on the left and right walls of the sand trough respectively, connects the aquifer inlet with the aquifer water supply tank, connects the aquifer outlet with the aquifer drainage tank, sets a plurality of pressure measuring ports and a hazard source inlet on the front side wall of the sand trough, sets a plurality of pressure measuring tubes corresponding to the pressure measuring ports on the outside of the sand trough, connects the pressure measuring ports to the pressure measuring tubes respectively, and sets the hazard source inlet. The water inlet of the dangerous source is connected with the water supply tank of the dangerous source, so that the system can be used to conduct effect detection experiments of water-conducting subsidence columns located in the detection area, or effect simulation experiments of water-conducting faults located in the detection area, or effect detection experiments of water-conducting faults located in non-detection areas, or effect simulation experiments of water-conducting subsidence columns located in non-detection areas. This makes it easier to grasp the hydrogeological effects of hidden water dangerous sources in mines, which is of great practical significance for tracing the source of dangerous sources and is of great significance to the investment in disaster warning and prevention and control water projects.

[0037] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the pressure measuring tube in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the third overflow tank and the hazardous source water supply tank in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the physical model in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of detection points in the present invention.

[0044] Reference numerals:

[0045] 1: Sand trough; 2: Physical model; 3: Aquifer inlet;

[0046] 4: Aquifer outlet; 5: Aquifer supply tank; 6: Aquifer drainage tank;

[0047] 7: Pressure measuring port; 8: Water inlet of dangerous source; 9: Pressure measuring tube;

[0048] 10: Hazardous source water supply tank; 11: Detection area; 12: Non-detection area;

[0049] 13: detection point; 14: first overflow trough; 15: second overflow trough;

[0050] 16: The third overflow tank; 17: Drain pipe; 18: Drain valve;

[0051] 19: first connecting pipeline; 20: sensor cable through hole; 21: second connecting pipeline;

[0052] 201: bottom aquifer; 202: aquifer; 203: top aquifer;

[0053] 204: Hazard source structure; 205: Gravel belt at the water inlet end; 206: Gravel belt at the drainage end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0055] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0057] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0058] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0059] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system, including an experimental platform, the experimental platform including a sand trough 1, and a physical model 2 is arranged inside the sand trough 1. A plurality of aquifer water inlets 3 and a plurality of aquifer water outlets 4 are arranged on the left and right walls of the sand trough 1, respectively, wherein each aquifer water inlet 3 is respectively connected to an aquifer water supply tank 5, and each aquifer water outlet 4 is respectively connected to an aquifer drainage tank 6. A plurality of pressure measuring ports 7 and a hazard source water inlet 8 are arranged on the front side wall of the sand trough 1, and a plurality of pressure measuring tubes 9 corresponding to the pressure measuring ports 7 are arranged outside the sand trough 1, and each pressure measuring port 7 is respectively connected to each pressure measuring tube 9, and the hazard source water inlet 8 is connected to the hazard source water supply tank 10.

[0060] That is to say, through the mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system, it is possible to test the hydrogeological effects of mine hidden water hazard sources, which makes it easier to grasp the hydrogeological effects of mine hidden water hazard sources. This has great practical significance for tracing the source of the hazard, and is of great significance to the investment in disaster warning and water prevention and control projects.

[0061] Specifically, the sand trough 1 is enclosed by a bottom plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, a front side plate and a rear side plate, wherein the bottom plate, the left side plate, the right side plate, the front side plate and the rear side plate are all made of stainless steel plates.

[0062] Specifically, the experimental platform also includes a base, and the sand trough 1 is arranged on the base, and the sand trough 1 can be effectively supported by the base.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, the physical model 2 includes a bottom aquiclude 201, an aquifer 202, and a top aquiclude 203, which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, wherein a hazard source structure 204 is provided in the aquifer 202, and the upper and lower ends of the hazard source structure 204 are respectively connected to the top aquiclude 203 and the bottom aquiclude 201. According to actual use requirements, the hazard source structure 204 can be a water-conducting sinking column or a water-conducting fault.

[0064] Specifically, the bottom waterproof layer 201 is formed by compacting bentonite with an appropriate amount of water, the aquifer 202 is paved with quartz sand, and the top waterproof layer 203 is formed by compacting bentonite with an appropriate amount of water.

[0065] When constructing the physical model 2, the water-cement ratio of the bottom plate waterproof layer 201 is generally 1:10, and it is stirred evenly. The total thickness of the bottom plate waterproof layer 201 is not less than 10 cm. If it is too thin, it is easy to leak water on the groove wall. The aquifer 202 is preferably simulated by fine-grained quartz sand mixed with 5% asbestos. The thickness should be determined according to the object of simulation. If it is for experimental teaching, generally 10 cm is sufficient. The reason for selecting fine-grained quartz sand and adding asbestos to the aquifer 202 is to ensure that it will not collapse when digging water-conducting sinkholes or water-conducting faults in the sand layer, and the permeability coefficient of fine-grained quartz sand should be known. The top plate waterproof layer 203 can be laid with the same bentonite as the bottom plate waterproof layer 201. Its thickness should be much greater than that of the bottom plate waterproof layer 201 to resist the water pressure of the aquifer 202. The specific thickness should be based on the principle that its deadweight is not less than 1.5 times the water pressure. The top plate waterproof layer 203 should be constructed by layered compaction to prevent water from penetrating the trough wall or seeping through the sensor line holes.

[0066] Specifically, the hazard source structure 204 is made of fine-grained gravel, and its permeability coefficient should generally be N times greater than that of the aquifer 202 to ensure that the effect of the hazard source can be reflected.

[0067] Specifically, the type, number, location and scale of the hazardous source structure 204 should be determined according to actual needs. Generally speaking, water-conducting sinkholes and water-conducting faults do not appear in the same experiment at the same time. The experimental effect is best when only one type of hazardous source appears in an experiment. The location of the hazardous source structure 204 should be arranged according to the purpose of the experiment. If it is necessary to conduct an effect detection experiment in which the hazardous source is located in the detection area, the hazardous source structure 204 should be arranged in the detection area. If it is necessary to conduct an effect detection experiment in which the hazardous source is located in a non-detection area, the hazardous source structure 204 should be arranged in a non-detection area. The scale of the hazardous source structure 204 can vary according to the purpose of the experiment. Generally, the diameter of the water-conducting sinkhole column should not be greater than 20 cm, and the width of the water-conducting fault should not be greater than 1 cm.

[0068] Since water flows into the physical model 2 from the aquifer inlet 3 on the left side wall of the sand trough 1 and flows out of the physical model 2 from the aquifer outlet 4 on the right side wall of the sand trough 1, the water inlet and outlet are not uniform and the flow rate is easily limited. In order to overcome this problem, in a further embodiment of the present invention, a water inlet end gravel belt 205 can be set at a position near the left side wall of the sand trough 1 in the aquifer 202, and a water discharge end gravel belt 206 can be set at a position near the right side wall of the sand trough 1 in the aquifer 202. Among them, the water inlet end gravel belt 205 and the water discharge end gravel belt 206 are both made of the same gravel as the hazard source structure 204.

[0069] In some embodiments of the present invention, a temperature sensor is provided in the aquifer 202, and the temperature sensors are respectively connected to one end of the temperature sensor cable. A sensor cable through hole 20 is provided on the front side wall of the sand trough 1, and the other end of the temperature sensor cable passes through the sensor cable through hole 20 and is connected to the data acquisition instrument.

[0070] The sensor cable through hole 20 can be provided with one or two according to actual needs. In this embodiment, two sensor cable through holes 20 are provided, and the two sensor cable through holes 20 are respectively located at the left and right ends of the front side wall of the sand tank 1.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, the aquifer 202 includes a detection area 11 and a non-detection area 12, wherein a plurality of detection points 13 are arranged inside the detection area 11, and a temperature sensor is arranged at each detection point 13. The arrangement form and number of the detection points 13 in the detection area 11 can be determined according to the specific experimental purpose and experimental expenses. The denser the detection points 13 are arranged in the detection area 11, the higher the experimental accuracy and the higher the experimental expenses.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure measuring port 7 and the dangerous source water inlet 8 are both arranged at the bottom of the front side wall of the sand trough 1, and the dangerous source water inlet 8 is arranged at the middle position of the front side wall of the sand trough 1, and the multiple pressure measuring ports 7 are divided into two parts, and the two parts of pressure measuring ports 7 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the dangerous source water inlet 8.

[0073] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a first overflow groove 14 is provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the aquifer water supply tank 5, and a first drain hole is provided at the bottom of the aquifer water supply tank 5, and the first drain hole is connected to the first overflow groove 14. By providing the first overflow groove 14, the internal pressure of the aquifer water supply tank 5 can be controlled.

[0074] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a second overflow trough 15 is provided on the upper portion of the outer wall of the aquifer drainage box 6, and a second drain hole is provided at the bottom of the aquifer drainage box 6, and the second drain hole is connected to the second overflow trough 15. By providing the second overflow trough 15, the internal pressure of the aquifer drainage box 6 can be controlled.

[0075] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a third overflow trough 16 is further provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the aquifer drainage box 6, wherein the hazardous source water inlet 8 and the hazardous source water supply box 10 are connected via the third overflow trough 16. That is, the hazardous source water supply box 10 is connected to the third overflow trough 16 via the first connecting pipe 19, and the third overflow trough 16 is connected to the hazardous source water inlet 8 via the second connecting pipe 21. The water in the hazardous source water supply box 10 first enters the third overflow trough 16, and then flows out of the third overflow trough 16 and enters the interior of the sand tank 1 through the hazardous source water inlet 8. By providing the third overflow trough 16, the internal pressure of the hazardous source water supply box 10 can be controlled.

[0076] In a further embodiment of the present invention, each pressure measuring port 7 is connected with a drain pipe 17, and a drain valve 18 is provided on the drain pipe 17. By controlling the drain valve 18, a water sampling operation can be performed.

[0077] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, both the aquifer water supply tank 5 and the hazardous source water supply tank 10 are constant temperature water tanks, so as to provide a constant temperature and constant concentration water head to the interior of the sand tank 1 .

[0078] When the present invention is conducting experiments, the inlet water head of the aquifer 202 is controlled by the first overflow trough 14, and the outlet water head of the aquifer 202 is controlled by the second overflow trough 15, and the errors of the inlet water head and the outlet water head are both less than 1 mm. The temperature and ion concentration of the aquifer 202 are known, wherein the temperature change is less than 0.5°C, and the ion concentration change is less than 1 mg / L.

[0079] The water head of the hazardous source is controlled by the third overflow trough 16, with an error of less than 1 mm. The water head of the hazardous source must be significantly greater than the water head of the aquifer 202 to meet the actual situation and reflect the water head effect of the hazardous source. The water temperature of the hazardous source is controlled by the hazardous source water supply tank 10, with an error of less than 0.5°C. The water temperature of the hazardous source must be significantly higher than the water temperature of the aquifer 202 to meet the actual situation and reflect the temperature effect. The ion concentration of the hazardous source is quantitatively measured by an electronic scale and an electronic balance to form a stable concentration with an error of less than 1 mg / L. The ion concentration of the hazardous source must be significantly higher than the ion concentration of the aquifer 202 to meet the actual situation and reflect the temperature effect.

[0080] The water head pressure of each detection point of the aquifer 202 is displayed by each pressure measuring tube 9. The detection data of each pressure measuring tube 9 can be monitored by the camera, and the screenshot is read according to the back plate scale to achieve the purpose of simultaneous reading, which can ensure the measurement accuracy of millimeter level. The screenshot sampling frequency of the camera can be determined according to actual needs.

[0081] The water temperature at each detection point of the aquifer 202 is detected by each temperature sensor, and the detection data is transmitted to the data acquisition instrument through the temperature sensor cable for data collection and recording, wherein the sampling frequency of the data acquisition instrument is determined according to actual needs.

[0082] The ion type and concentration of each detection point of the aquifer 202 can be detected by an ion-sensitive sensor. The sampling method is to install a tap at each detection point to release water for sampling. The sampling time is before the end of each experiment. In order not to affect the seepage field, sampling is avoided as much as possible during the experiment.

[0083] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for testing the effects of hidden water hazards in mines. The method adopts the system for testing the effects of hidden water hazards in mines according to the above embodiment, and specifically includes:

[0084] A water-conducting sinking column is set in the detection area 11 of the aquifer 202, and an effect detection experiment of the water-conducting sinking column in the detection area is carried out.

[0085] Alternatively, a water-conducting sinking column is set in the non-detection area 12 of the aquifer 202, and an effect simulation experiment of the water-conducting sinking column being located in the non-detection area is conducted.

[0086] Alternatively, a water-conducting fault is set in the detection area 11 of the aquifer 202, and an effect simulation experiment of the water-conducting fault being located in the detection area is conducted.

[0087] Alternatively, a water-conducting fault is set in the non-detection area 12 of the aquifer 202, and an effect detection experiment of the water-conducting fault being located in the non-detection area is conducted.

[0088] Experiment 1 is set to set a water-conducting sinking column in the detection area 11 of the aquifer 202, and conduct an effect detection experiment of the water-conducting sinking column located in the detection area 11. Among them, experiment 1 needs to set a columnar constant head, constant temperature and constant concentration recharge source in the detection area 11 of the aquifer 202 to simulate the head, water temperature and concentration effects of the water-conducting sinking column hazard source in the coal seam floor limestone aquifer. Specifically, a 10cm diameter upright gravel column with a particle size of 2-3mm that runs through the aquifer 202 can be used to replace the 15m diameter water-conducting sinking column, and the central coordinates of the water-conducting sinking column are X=110.00cm, Y=40.00cm. The head of the aquifer inlet is constant at 25cm (higher than the fixed interface of the aquifer 202), the temperature is constant at 8.2℃~8.3℃, and the ion concentration is constant at 4.50~4.60mg / L. The water head at the aquifer outlet is constant at 10 cm. The water supply head of the water-conducting sinkhole is constant at H1=30 cm, H2=40 cm, the ion concentration is constant at 260 mg / L, and the temperature is constant at 39.8-40.3°C.

[0089] Experiment 2 is set to set a water-conducting fault in the detection area 11 of the aquifer 202, and conduct an effect simulation experiment of the water-conducting fault located in the detection area. Among them, Experiment 2 needs to set a water-conducting fault in the detection area 11 of the aquifer 202 to simulate the water head, water temperature and concentration effects of the water-conducting fault hazard source in the limestone aquifer at the bottom of the coal seam. Among them, the water-conducting fault is located in the middle of the detection area 11, and the coordinates of the water-conducting fault are X=119~122cm, Y=0~100cm. In Experiment 2, a gravel wall with a particle size of 2~3mm that is upright and runs through the aquifer 202 is used as a water-conducting fault. The other conditions of Experiment 2 are the same as those of Experiment 1.

[0090] Experiment 3 is set to set a water-conducting fault in the non-detection area 12 of the aquifer 202, and conduct an effect detection experiment of the water-conducting fault in the non-detection area. Among them, Experiment 3 needs to set a water-conducting fault in the non-detection area 12 of the aquifer 202 to simulate the water-conducting fault hazard source effect detection simulation experiment outside the detection area. Among them, the coordinates of the water-conducting fault are X=119~122cm, Y>100cm.

[0091] Experiment 4 is set to set a water-conducting sinking column in the non-detection area 12 of the aquifer 202, and conduct an effect simulation experiment of the water-conducting sinking column in the non-detection area. Among them, Experiment 4 needs to set a columnar constant head, constant temperature and constant concentration recharge source in the non-detection area 12 of the aquifer 202 to simulate the water-conducting sinking column hazard source effect detection simulation experiment outside the detection area, where the center coordinates of the water-conducting sinking column are X=110.00cm, Y=115.50cm. The other conditions of Experiment 4 are the same as those of Experiment 1.

[0092] In a further embodiment of the present invention, Experiment 1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0093] (1) Mix the bentonite powder in a water-cement ratio of 1:10 and evenly spread it on the bottom plate of the sand trough as the bottom plate waterproof layer 201. When laying, lay one layer every 5 cm, tamp it until it is damp, then lay the second layer, and continue laying after tamping it, until the thickness of the bottom plate waterproof layer 201 reaches the predetermined requirements, and ensure that the thickness of the bottom plate waterproof layer 201 is uniform and the surface is flat. Of course, the thickness of the bentonite can be set according to actual use requirements.

[0094] (2) Place N numbered pressure measuring tubes in the soil layer of the bottom waterproof layer 201, and cover the pipe mouth of each pressure measuring tube with a mesh whose mesh side length is smaller than the particle size of the quartz sand. Make the pipe mouth of each pressure measuring tube covered with the mesh face upward and higher than the upper surface of the bottom waterproof layer 201, and ensure that the center of the pipe mouth of each pressure measuring tube corresponds to the coordinate point of each detection point set in the detection area 11, and then connect each pressure measuring tube to each pressure measuring port 7 set on the front side wall of the sand trough one by one.

[0095] (3) A hazard source detection tube (i.e., a water supply pipe) is installed at the center coordinate of the hazard source in the detection area 11, and a mesh is provided at the pipe opening of the hazard source detection tube. The mesh side length of the mesh is smaller than the particle size of the gravel of the hazard source, and the pipe opening of the hazard source detection tube covered with the mesh is made to face upward and higher than the upper surface of the bottom plate waterproof layer 201, and then the hazard source detection tube is connected to the hazard source water inlet 8 arranged on the front side wall of the sand trough.

[0096] (4) Pressurize each pipeline in the system to check whether it is unobstructed. If there is a problem with the pipeline, it should be repaired in time until all pipelines are unobstructed.

[0097] (5) A cylindrical tube is installed at the center coordinate of the hazard source in the detection area 11 to simulate a water-conducting sinkhole column, wherein the height of the cylindrical tube cannot be less than the thickness h of the aquifer 202, and ensure that the center of the cylindrical tube is at the center coordinate point of the hazard source.

[0098] (6) A transparent hard plastic pressure measuring tube can also be placed in the center of the cylinder (this operation can be performed according to actual experimental requirements).

[0099] (7) Quartz sand with a particle size of d, a thickness of h, and a permeability coefficient of k is laid on the bottom plate waterproof layer 201, and the quartz sand is compacted to form the aquifer 202.

[0100] (8) Gravel with a particle size of D and a permeability coefficient of K (K ≥ 10k) is filled into the cylindrical tube until the filling height of the gravel is the same as the thickness h of the aquifer 202. The filled gravel serves as a water-conducting sinkhole. The cylindrical tube is then pulled out, and the remaining space between the aquifer 202 and the gravel is filled with quartz sand with a particle size of d.

[0101] (9) A strip groove is excavated at the left end of the sand trough at a position of X=0-3 cm and Y>0 as a water inlet trough; a strip groove is excavated at the right end of the sand trough at a position of X=237-240 cm and Y>0 as a drainage trough. Both the water inlet trough and the drainage trough need to be excavated through the aquifer 202 and then filled with gravel of particle size D.

[0102] (10) Insert N numbered temperature sensors into the positions of the orifices of each pressure detection tube, ensuring that the coordinates of each temperature sensor and the center of the orifice of each pressure detection tube correspond one-to-one, and ensuring that the number of each temperature sensor corresponds one-to-one to the number of each pressure detection tube. Then divide the temperature sensor cable connected to each temperature sensor into two parts, and make the two parts of the temperature sensor cable pass through the two sensor cable through holes set on the front side wall of the sand tank respectively, and use glass glue to seal each sensor cable through hole.

[0103] (11) Connect each temperature sensor to the corresponding node of the data acquisition instrument according to its own number, and check the working condition of each temperature sensor. If any temperature sensor is abnormal, it should be repaired or replaced in time until all temperature sensors are normal.

[0104] (12) Bentonite is evenly laid on the aquifer 202 as the top waterproof layer 203, wherein the bentonite used in the top waterproof layer 203 is the same as that used in the bottom waterproof layer 201. When laying, lay it in layers and tamp it until it is moist until the sand trough is filled. During the laying process, keep each temperature sensor in normal working condition. If any problem is found, it should be handled in time.

[0105] (13) Adjust the height of the inlet overflow valve and the outlet overflow valve respectively so that the hydraulic slope meets the experimental requirements.

[0106] (14) Fill the aquifer water supply tank with water so that the water head in the aquifer water supply tank is consistent with the overflow port position of the first overflow tank.

[0107] (15) When the aquifer outlet begins to overflow, observe the water level of each pressure measuring tube, use the line connecting each test point in the detection area along the water flow direction as the longitudinal section, and use the line connecting each test point perpendicular to the water flow direction as the transverse section, draw the longitudinal section water head line diagram (theoretical value is a decreasing curve) and the transverse section water head line diagram (theoretical value is a horizontal straight line). If fluctuations occur, open the valves of each pressure measuring tube, water supply pipe, and drainage pipe until all the bubbles in the aquifer are discharged.

[0108] (16) Open all drain valves and take water samples to measure the concentration of the target ions as the background value of the aquifer water quality.

[0109] (17) When a stable overflow occurs at the outlet of the aquifer and the water heads in the longitudinal and transverse sections are close to normal, record the start time of the experiment, read and record the water head value of each pressure measuring tube and the temperature value of each detection point; then open the water inlet valve of the dangerous source to provide the dangerous source with water with a constant water head of P (P is greater than the water head p of the aquifer), a constant temperature of T (T is greater than the temperature t of the aquifer), and a constant ion concentration of C (C is greater than the ion concentration c of the aquifer).

[0110] (18) According to the experimental design requirements, the water head and water temperature data are read once every predetermined time, and the corresponding longitudinal section water head line diagram, cross section water head line diagram and water temperature line diagram are drawn.

[0111] (19) When the change in water head between two detection points in the longitudinal section and the transverse section is less than 1 mm, and the temperature difference between two detection points in the longitudinal section and the transverse section is less than 0.1 degrees, the flow field is considered to be stable.

[0112] (20) When the flow field is stable, open the drain valves of each pressure measuring tube in turn and collect water samples for concentration analysis. Then close the water supply valve of the hazardous source, keep the other valves of the sand tank panel open, and clean the aquifer until the error between the target ion concentration and the background value is less than the predetermined value.

[0113] In a further embodiment of the present invention, Experiment 2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0114] (1) On the basis of Experiment 1, the bentonite of the top aquifer 203 is excavated in the area of ​​X=X1~X2 (the location of the sinkhole column in Experiment 1), Y=0~Y1 (Y1=the width of the detection area) until the top surface of the aquifer is reached.

[0115] (2) Completely remove the water-conducting sinkhole column set up in Experiment 1 from the aquifer, and fill the remaining space formed after the water-conducting sinkhole column is removed from the aquifer with the same material as that in the aquifer.

[0116] (3) The aquifer in the area of ​​X = X1 ~ X2, Y = 0 ~ Y1 is completely excavated until the top surface of the bottom plate aquifer is reached. At the outlet of the original water-conducting sinkhole column, a hollow hard plastic pipe with a length of Y1 is installed as a water supply pipe. The pipe wall of the water supply pipe is provided with multiple holes. The outer side of the water supply pipe is wrapped with a mesh to ensure that the sand in the aquifer will not leak out from the holes of the water supply pipe. One end of the water supply pipe is connected to the water inlet of the dangerous source set on the front side wall of the sand trough.

[0117] (4) In the groove dug in the aquifer, gravel quartz sand with a particle size of D is laid on top of the hollow hard plastic pipe until the groove is filled to simulate the water-conducting fault.

[0118] (5) Fill the water supply pipe of the water-conducting fault with water to check the water-conducting effect of the water supply pipe and the water-conducting fault. If the water does not flow or the water flow is not smooth, it should be repaired until the water flow is smooth.

[0119] (6) A temperature sensor and an upright pressure measuring tube may also be implanted in the aquifer at the center of the water inlet of the water-conducting fault (this operation step may be performed or not according to actual experimental requirements).

[0120] (7) Use the same bentonite as the top plate waterproof layer 203 to fill and compact the excavated space.

[0121] (8) Repeat steps (13) to (20) of Experiment 1.

[0122] In a further embodiment of the present invention, Experiment 3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0123] (1) Based on Experiment 2, strip trenches are excavated in the bentonite of the top aquifer 203 in the region of X1-X2, Y=0-Y0 (Y0 is the maximum value of Y) until the top surface of the aquifer is reached.

[0124] (2) Remove all the water-conducting faults set in Experiment 2 within the aquifer, and then extend the strip groove to the rear wall of the sand trough.

[0125] (3) The water supply pipe of the original water-conducting fault is replaced with a water pipe of the same model and length without holes in the pipe wall, and then connected with the same hollow hard plastic pipe with holes as in Experiment 2 to form a new water supply pipe. The length of the new water supply pipe is Y=Y0-Y1 (Y1 is the length of the water-conducting fault in Experiment 2).

[0126] (4) Fill the excavated trench in the Y=0~Y1 section (the original water-conducting fault section) with the same material as the aquifer, and then fill the remaining excavated trench with fault gravel to form a new water-conducting fault.

[0127] (5) Repeat steps (4) to (8) of Experiment 2.

[0128] In a further embodiment of the present invention, Experiment 4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0129] (1) Based on Experiment 3, the bentonite of the top aquifer 203 is excavated in the region X1-X2, Y=Y1-Y0 until the top surface of the aquifer is reached.

[0130] (2) All the water-conducting faults set up in Experiment 3 in the aquifer were removed, and then the hollow hard plastic tube with holes was removed and replaced with the same hazard source detection tube as in Experiment 1. The outlet of the hazard source detection tube was kept facing upward, and the center coordinates of the outlet were made the same as the center coordinates of the hazard source to be tested.

[0131] (3) Excavation was carried out at a predetermined location in the aquifer, and a water-conducting sinkhole column was manufactured using the same method as in Experiment 1.

[0132] (4) Fill the water supply pipe of the water guide sinking column with water to check the water guiding effect of the water supply pipe and the water guide sinking column.

[0133] (5) A temperature sensor is implanted in the center of the water-conducting sink column.

[0134] (6) Use the same bentonite as the top plate waterproof layer 203 to fill and compact the excavated space.

[0135] (7) Repeat steps (13) to (20) of Experiment 1.

[0136] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system, characterized by: The experimental platform comprises a sand trough, wherein a physical model is arranged inside the sand trough; an aquifer inlet and an aquifer outlet are arranged on the left and right walls of the sand trough respectively, the aquifer inlet is connected with an aquifer water supply tank, and the aquifer outlet is connected with an aquifer drainage tank; a plurality of pressure measuring ports and a hazardous source water inlet are arranged on the front side wall of the sand trough, a plurality of pressure measuring tubes corresponding to the pressure measuring ports are arranged on the outside of the sand trough, each of the pressure measuring ports is connected with each of the pressure measuring tubes respectively, and the hazardous source water inlet is connected with the hazardous source water supply tank; the physical model comprises a bottom plate aquiclude, an aquifer and a top plate aquiclude arranged in sequence from bottom to top, a hazardous source structure is arranged in the aquifer, and the hazardous source structure The upper and lower ends of the structure are respectively connected to the top plate waterproof layer and the bottom plate waterproof layer; wherein the hazard source structure is a water-conducting sinkhole or a water-conducting fault; a temperature sensor is provided in the aquifer, and the temperature sensor is connected to one end of a temperature sensor cable. A sensor cable through hole is provided on the front side wall of the sand trough, and the other end of the temperature sensor cable passes through the sensor cable through hole and is connected to a data acquisition instrument; the aquifer includes a detection area and a non-detection area, and the detection area is provided with a plurality of detection points, and the temperature sensor is respectively provided at each of the detection points; a water inlet end gravel belt is provided in the aquifer near the left side wall of the sand trough, and a drainage end gravel belt is provided in the aquifer near the right side wall of the sand trough.

2. The mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The hazardous source water inlet and the pressure measuring port are both arranged at the bottom of the front side wall of the sand trough, and the hazardous source water inlet is arranged at the middle position of the front side wall of the sand trough, and the plurality of pressure measuring ports are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the hazardous source water inlet.

3. The mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system according to claim 1 is characterized by: A first overflow trough is provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the aquifer water supply tank, a first drain hole is provided on the bottom of the aquifer water supply tank, and the first drain hole is connected to the first overflow trough; a second overflow trough is provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the aquifer drainage tank, a second drain hole is provided on the bottom of the aquifer drainage tank, and the second drain hole is connected to the second overflow trough; a third overflow trough is also provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the aquifer drainage tank, and the hazardous source water inlet and the hazardous source water supply tank are connected through the third overflow trough.

4. The mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system according to claim 1 is characterized by: A drain pipe is connected to each of the pressure measuring ports, and a drain valve is provided on the drain pipe.

5. A method for testing the effects of hidden water hazards in mines, characterized by: The mine hidden water hazard source effect experimental system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises: A water-conducting sinkhole column is set in the detection area of ​​the aquifer, and an effect detection experiment of the water-conducting sinkhole column in the detection area is carried out; Or, a water-conducting fault is set in the test area of ​​the aquifer, and an effect simulation experiment of the water-conducting fault being located in the test area is conducted; Or, a water-conducting fault is set in the non-detection area of ​​the aquifer, and an effect detection experiment of the water-conducting fault located in the non-detection area is conducted; Alternatively, a water-conducting sinking column is set in a non-detection area of ​​the aquifer, and an effect simulation experiment of the water-conducting sinking column being located in the non-detection area is conducted.

6. The method for testing the effects of hidden water hazards in mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The effect detection experiment of the water-conducting subsidence column being located in the detection area specifically includes: A bentonite layer is laid on the bottom plate of the sand trough as a bottom plate waterproof layer; A plurality of numbered pressure detection tubes are arranged in the bottom plate waterproof layer, so that the pipe opening of each pressure detection tube faces upward and is higher than the upper surface of the bottom plate waterproof layer, and ensure that the pipe opening center of each pressure detection tube is arranged at the coordinates of each detection point in the detection area, and then each pressure detection tube is connected to a plurality of pressure measuring ports on the front side wall of the sand trough one by one; A hazard source detection tube is arranged at the hazard source coordinates in the detection area, so that the pipe opening of the hazard source detection tube faces upward and is higher than the upper surface of the bottom plate waterproof layer, and then the hazard source detection tube is connected to the hazard source water inlet on the front side wall of the sand trough; A cylindrical tube is set at the coordinates of the hazard source in the detection area; Laying quartz sand on the bottom plate waterproof layer as an aquifer; Filling gravel into the cylindrical tube until the height of the gravel is the same as the thickness of the aquifer, then pulling out the cylindrical tube and filling the remaining space between the aquifer and the gravel with quartz sand; Digging an inlet trough and a drainage trough at the left and right ends of the aquifer respectively, then filling the inlet trough with gravel to form an inlet end gravel belt, and filling the drainage trough with gravel to form a drainage end gravel belt; Insert a plurality of numbered temperature sensors at the pipe openings of each pressure testing tube, and then pass each temperature sensor cable through the sensor cable through hole and connect it to the corresponding node of the data acquisition instrument; Laying a bentonite layer on the aquifer as a top waterproof layer; Filling water into the aquifer water supply tank so that the water head in the aquifer water supply tank is consistent with the overflow port position of the first overflow tank; When the aquifer outlet begins to overflow, observe the water level of each pressure measuring tube, take the connecting line of each detection point in the detection area along the water flow direction as the longitudinal section, and take the connecting line of each detection point perpendicular to the water flow direction as the transverse section, and draw the longitudinal section water head line diagram and the transverse section water head line diagram; Open each drain valve, take water samples to measure the target ion concentration as the background value of the aquifer water quality; When a stable overflow occurs at the aquifer outlet and the water heads in the longitudinal and transverse sections are normal, record the start time of the experiment, read and record the water head values ​​of each pressure measuring tube and the temperature values ​​of each detection point; then open the water inlet valve of the dangerous source to provide water with a constant water head of P, a constant temperature of T, and a constant ion concentration of C to the dangerous source; Read the water head and water temperature data once every predetermined time, and draw the corresponding longitudinal and cross-sectional water head line diagrams and water temperature line diagrams; When the water head change between the two detection points of the longitudinal section and the cross section is less than 1mm, and the temperature difference between the two detection points of the longitudinal section and the cross section is less than 0.1 degrees, the flow field is considered stable. When the flow field is stable, open the drain valves in turn and collect water samples for concentration analysis; then close the water supply valve of the dangerous source; The water-containing layer is cleaned until the error between the target ion concentration and the background value is less than a predetermined value.

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