Compilation and Decoding Methods and Apparatus

Abstract

This application provides a coding and decoding method and apparatus. In this method, the transmitting device determines a first low-density parity-check matrix (LDPC) based on the number of bits n1 of the first transmitted bits, encodes the information bits according to the first LDPC matrix, obtains the first transmitted bits, and then transmits the first transmitted bits. Since the first LDPC matrix is ​​determined based on the number of bits of the first transmitted bits, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix varies depending on the number of bits in the first transmitted bits. The transmitting device can flexibly adapt different coding rates for different numbers of transmitted bits, improving the reliability of data transmission and saving data transmission resources.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the communication technical field, and in particular to a coding and decoding method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Multimedia communication refers to a new type of communication mode capable of providing various media data (such as voice, data, image or video, etc.) in a calling process. At present, the coding and transmission technology of multimedia data has become a research hotspot in the current multimedia communication field. The sending end device usually adopts a same coding matrix to code different multimedia data, and after obtaining a coded code word, transmits the coded code word to the receiving end device. However, in actual application, the priorities of different multimedia data are different. If the above coding mode is adopted, when the coding code rate is high, the transmission reliability of the multimedia data with high priority cannot be guaranteed; when the coding code rate is low, the transmission resource is also occupied for the multimedia data with low priority, resulting in large transmission resource consumption. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a coding and decoding method and device, which can improve the reliability of data transmission and save transmission resources.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sending end device, which comprises a processing unit and a sending unit; wherein the processing unit is configured to determine a first low density parity check (LDPC) matrix according to a bit number n1 of first transmission bits; the processing unit is further configured to code information bits according to the first LDPC matrix, to obtain the first transmission bits; and the sending unit is configured to send the first transmission bits.

[0006] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a receiving end device, which comprises a processing unit and a receiving unit. The receiving unit is configured to receive the first transmission bits; the processing unit is configured to determine a first low density parity check (LDPC) matrix according to a bit number of the first transmission bits; and the processing unit is further configured to decode the first transmission bits according to the first LDPC matrix, to obtain information bits.

[0007] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a coding method, which comprises: a sending end device determining a first low density parity check (LDPC) matrix according to a bit number n1 of first transmission bits; and the sending end device coding information bits according to the first LDPC matrix, to obtain the first transmission bits, and then sending the first transmission bits.

[0008] In the encoding method provided by the embodiments of the present application, the sending device determines the corresponding first LDPC matrix according to the bit quantity of the first transmission bits. The bit quantity of the first transmission bits is different, and correspondingly, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is also different. That is, the first LDPC matrix with different encoding code rates can be flexibly determined based on the bit quantity of the first transmission bits, and the sending device can flexibly adapt different encoding code rates for transmission bits with different bit quantities. Since the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is flexible and variable, the sending device can flexibly use the first LDPC matrix with different encoding code rates to encode the information bits. In the case that the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is large, the first LDPC matrix with a lower encoding code rate is used to encode the information bits to obtain the first transmission bits, so as to ensure the reliability of data transmission; in the case that the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is small, the first LDPC matrix with a higher encoding code rate is used to encode the information bits to obtain the first transmission bits, so as to save transmission resources.

[0009] In a possible design, the bit quantity n1 of the first transmission bits and the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix have a corresponding relationship. The sending device can determine the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix according to the bit quantity of the first transmission bits.

[0010] In a possible design, the bit quantity n1 of the first transmission bits and the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix have a corresponding relationship, including: if n1 is less than N1, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is a first encoding code rate; if n1 is greater than or equal to N1 and less than N2, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is a second encoding code rate; if n1 is greater than or equal to N2 and less than N3, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is a third encoding code rate; if n1 is greater than or equal to N3, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is a fourth encoding code rate; wherein N1 is less than N2, and N2 is less than N3; the first encoding code rate is greater than the second encoding code rate, the second encoding code rate is greater than the third encoding code rate, and the third encoding code rate is greater than the fourth encoding code rate. That is, the greater the bit quantity of the first transmission bits, the lower the corresponding encoding code rate. The smaller the bit quantity of the first transmission bits, the higher the corresponding encoding code rate. The sending device can flexibly select the first LDPC matrix with different encoding code rates. In the case that the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is large, the first LDPC matrix with a lower encoding code rate is used to encode the information bits to obtain the first transmission bits, so as to ensure the reliability of data transmission. In the case that the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is small, the first LDPC matrix with a higher encoding code rate is used to encode the information bits to obtain the first transmission bits, so as to save transmission resources.

[0011] In a possible design, the sending end device encodes information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain first transmission bits, including: the sending end device encodes the information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword including the information bits and m check bits; and the sending end device determines the first transmission bits from the first codeword according to the bit quantity n1 of the first transmission bits. That is, the first transmission bits are determined from the first codeword according to the bit quantity of the first transmission bits. The first transmission bits are different bits in the first codeword. The first transmission bits are different if the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is different. If the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is large, the first transmission bits include more check bits, or include more check bits and more information bits, to ensure data transmission reliability. If the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is small, the first transmission bits include fewer check bits, or include fewer check bits and fewer information bits, to save transmission resources.

[0012] In a possible design, the first transmission bits include part of the m check bits, or include the m check bits, or include part of the m check bits and part of the information bits, or include the first codeword; or the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is zero. That is, the first transmission bits include different bits in the first codeword. The larger the bit quantity of the first transmission bits, the more the bit quantity of the check bits contained in the first transmission bits, or the more the bit quantity of the information bits contained in the first transmission bits, so that transmission reliability is ensured.

[0013] In a possible design, if n1 is less than N0, the first transmission bits include the first n1 bits of the m check bits; if n1 is greater than or equal to N0 and less than N1, the first transmission bits include the first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; if n1 is greater than or equal to N1 and less than N2, the first transmission bits include the first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; if n1 is greater than or equal to N2 and less than N3, the first transmission bits include the first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; if n1 is greater than or equal to N3 and less than or equal to N4, the first transmission bits include the first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; and if n1 is greater than N4, the first transmission bits include the information bits and the m check bits.

[0014] In a possible design, N0 is 324; N1 is 468; N2 is 648; N3 is 972; and N4 is 1932.

[0015] In a possible design, if n1 is less than N0, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6.

[0016] If n1 is greater than or equal to N0 and less than N1, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6;

[0017] If n1 is greater than or equal to N1 and less than N2, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 3 / 4;

[0018] If n1 is greater than or equal to N2 and less than N3, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 2 / 3;

[0019] If n1 is greater than or equal to N3 and less than or equal to N4, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2;

[0020] If n1 is greater than N4, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2. The sending end device can use the LDPC matrix in the wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol to encode the information bits. That is, the encoding method provided in the embodiments of the present application reuses the existing WLAN LDPC code, and can be applied to the LDPC compiler architecture of the WLAN, and has good compatibility.

[0021] In a possible design, the number n1 of the first transmission bits is a value determined according to the priority of the information bits, and the information bits are one of N-layer bit sequences obtained by layering the original information. That is, the priorities of the information bits are different, and the number of the first transmission bits corresponding to the information bits is also different. If the priority of the information bits is high, the number of the first transmission bits is large, to guarantee transmission reliability. If the priority of the information bits is low, the number of the first transmission bits is small, to save transmission resources. According to the priority of the information bits, the bits in the original information are divided into different layers, so that the bits distributed in different layers have different priorities, and the number of the first transmission bits is configured for one bit sequence. The sending end device encodes and processes the bit sequence in the layer based on the number of the first transmission bits, to improve processing efficiency.

[0022] In a possible design, the original information includes a plurality of bits; and the layering includes: dividing the plurality of bits into N-layer bit sequences according to the priority of the bits in the original information. For the plurality of bits in the original information, bits with the same priority are divided into a bit sequence, and then the bit sequences with the same bit priority are processed, to improve processing efficiency.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a decoding method, which comprises: receiving, by a receiving end device, first transmission bits; determining, by the receiving end device, a first low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix according to a bit quantity n1 of the first transmission bits; and decoding, by the receiving end device, the first transmission bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits.

[0024] In the decoding method provided by the embodiment of the present application, the receiving end device determines the corresponding first LDPC matrix according to the bit quantity of the first transmission bits. The bit quantity of the first transmission bits is different, and correspondingly, the first LDPC matrix is also different, so that different coding rates can be flexibly adapted. Since the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is flexible and variable, the receiving end device can flexibly decode the first transmission bits by using the first LDPC matrix with different coding rates, thereby improving the coding flexibility. In the case that the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is large, the first transmission bits are decoded by using the first LDPC matrix with a lower coding rate, and the accuracy of the obtained information bits is high, thereby ensuring the reliability of data transmission. In the case that the bit quantity of the first transmission bits is small, the first transmission bits are decoded by using the first LDPC matrix with a higher coding rate to obtain information bits, thereby saving transmission resources.

[0025] In a possible design, the bit quantity n1 of the first transmission bits and the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix have a corresponding relationship. The receiving end device can determine the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix according to the bit quantity of the first transmission bits, so as to decode the first transmission bits.

[0026] In a possible design, the number n1 of the first transmission bits has a corresponding relationship with the encoding rate of the first LDPC matrix, including: if n1 is smaller than N1, the encoding rate of the first LDPC matrix is a first encoding rate; if n1 is greater than or equal to N1 and smaller than N2, the encoding rate of the first LDPC matrix is a second encoding rate; if n1 is greater than or equal to N2 and smaller than N3, the encoding rate of the first LDPC matrix is a third encoding rate; if n1 is greater than or equal to N3, the encoding rate of the first LDPC matrix is a fourth encoding rate; where N1 is smaller than N2, N2 is smaller than N3; the first encoding rate is greater than the second encoding rate, the second encoding rate is greater than the third encoding rate, and the third encoding rate is greater than the fourth encoding rate. That is, the greater the number of the first transmission bits, the lower the corresponding encoding rate. The smaller the number of the first transmission bits, the higher the corresponding encoding rate. The receiving end device can flexibly select the first LDPC matrix with different encoding rates. In the case that the number of the first transmission bits is large, the first LDPC matrix with a lower encoding rate is used to decode the first transmission bits to obtain the information bits, which can ensure the reliability of data transmission. In the case that the number of the first transmission bits is small, the first LDPC matrix with a higher encoding rate is used to decode the first transmission bits to obtain the information bits, which can save transmission resources.

[0027] In a possible design, the receiving end device decodes the first transmission bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the information bits, including: the receiving end device obtains a first codeword according to the first transmission bits and the first LDPC matrix corresponding to the number n1 of the first transmission bits. The first codeword includes the first transmission bits and other bits, and the other bits include other information bits and other check bits; the LLR value of the other information bits in the other bits is a first LLR value, and the LLR value of the other check bits in the other bits is 0; and the receiving end device decodes the first codeword according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the information bits. The receiving end device can use the first LDPC matrix with different encoding rates to process the first transmission bits differently according to the number of the first transmission bits, to obtain corresponding information bits.

[0028] In a possible design, the first LLR value is a value determined according to the proportion of 0 or 1 in the information bits. The receiving end device can determine the information bits not contained in the first transmission bits according to the first LLR value, to accurately determine the first codeword.

[0029] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sending end device, which comprises a processing unit and a sending unit; the processing unit is configured to obtain information bits and obtain a bit number of second transmission bits; the processing unit is further configured to process the information bits according to the bit number of the second transmission bits to obtain the second transmission bits; and the sending unit is configured to send the second transmission bits.

[0030] In a possible design, if n2 is smaller than N0, the processing unit is configured to process the information bits according to the bit number n2 of the second transmission bits to obtain the second transmission bits, including: the processing unit is configured to encode the information bits by using a low-density parity check (LDPC) matrix with a coding rate of 5 / 6 to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword comprising first check bits; and the processing unit is configured to determine the second transmission bits as the first n2 check bits in the first check bits.

[0031] If n2 is greater than or equal to N0 and smaller than or equal to N5, the processing unit is configured to process the information bits according to the bit number n2 of the second transmission bits to obtain the second transmission bits, including: the processing unit is configured to encode the information bits by using a low-density parity check (LDPC) matrix with a coding rate of 5 / 6 to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword comprising first check bits; the processing unit is configured to encode the first codeword by using a low-density generator matrix (LDGM) to obtain a second codeword, the second codeword comprising second check bits; and the processing unit is configured to determine the second transmission bits to comprise the first check bits and the second check bits, and the sum of the bit numbers of the first check bits and the second check bits is n2.

[0032] If n2 is greater than N5, the processing unit is configured to process the information bits according to the bit number n2 of the second transmission bits to obtain the second transmission bits, including: the processing unit is configured to encode the information bits by using a low-density parity check (LDPC) matrix with a coding rate of 5 / 6 to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword comprising first check bits; the processing unit is configured to encode the first codeword by using a low-density generator matrix (LDGM) to obtain a second codeword, the second codeword comprising second check bits; and the processing unit is configured to determine the second transmission bits to comprise the first (n2-N5) information bits in the information bits, the first check bits and the second check bits.

[0033] In a possible design, the bit number n2 of the second transmission bits is a value determined according to a priority of the information bits, and the information bits are one of N-layer bit sequences obtained by layering an original information.

[0034] In a possible design, the original information comprises a plurality of bits; and the layering includes: the processing unit is configured to divide the plurality of bits into the N-layer bit sequences according to priorities of the bits in the original information.

[0035] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a receiving end device, which comprises a processing unit and a receiving unit. The receiving unit is configured to receive second transmission bits. The processing unit is configured to process the second transmission bits according to a bit number n2 of the second transmission bits to obtain information bits.

[0036] In a possible design, if n2 is smaller than N0, the second transmission bits are the first n2 check bits in the first check bits; if n2 is greater than or equal to N0 and smaller than or equal to N5, the second transmission bits comprise the first check bits and the second check bits; if n2 is greater than N5, the second transmission bits comprise the first (n2-N5) information bits in the information bits, the first check bits and the second check bits; wherein the first check bits are obtained by encoding the information bits based on an LDPC matrix with a code rate of 5 / 6, and the second check bits are obtained by encoding the information bits and the first check bits based on an LDGM matrix.

[0037] In a possible design, the processing unit is configured to process the second transmission bits according to the bit number n2 of the second transmission bits to obtain the information bits, including: the processing unit is configured to determine a code word according to the bit number n2 of the second transmission bits, the code word comprising the second transmission bits and other bits, the LLR values of the information bits in the other bits being the second LLR values, and the LLR values of the check bits in the other bits being 0; and the processing unit is configured to decode the code word to obtain the information bits.

[0038] In a possible design, if n2 is smaller than N0 and the code word comprises the information bits and the first check bits, the processing unit is configured to decode the code word to obtain the information bits, including: the processing unit is configured to decode the code word based on an LDPC matrix with a code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain the information bits.

[0039] If n2 is greater than or equal to N0 and the code word comprises the information bits, the first check bits and the second check bits, the processing unit is configured to decode the code word to obtain the information bits, including: the processing unit is configured to decode the code word based on an LDGM matrix to obtain a first code word; the first code word comprises the information bits and the first check bits; and the processing unit is configured to decode the first code word based on an LDPC matrix with a code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain the information bits.

[0040] In a possible design, the second LLR is a value determined according to a proportion of 0 or 1 in the information bits.

[0041] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide an encoding method, the method comprising: a transmitting device acquiring information bits and acquiring a number n2 of bits for a second transmission bit; the transmitting device processing the information bits according to the number n2 of bits for the second transmission bit to obtain the second transmission bit; and then, the transmitting device transmitting the second transmission bit.

[0042] In the encoding method provided in this application, the processing of information bits varies depending on the number of bits in the second transmission bit. That is, the receiving device can use different encoding rates to process the information bits based on the number of bits in the second transmission bit, and the sending device can flexibly adapt to different encoding rates. The sending device processes the information bits accordingly based on the number of bits in the second transmission bit to obtain the corresponding number of second transmission bits. When the number of bits in the second transmission bit is large, a lower encoding rate matrix is ​​used to encode the information bits to obtain the second transmission bits, ensuring the reliability of data transmission; when the number of bits in the second transmission bit is small, a higher encoding rate matrix is ​​used to encode the information bits to obtain the second transmission bits, saving transmission resources.

[0043] In one possible design, if n2 is less than N0, the transmitting device processes the information bits according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bit to obtain the second transmission bit, including: the transmitting device encodes the information bits using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword including a first parity bit; the transmitting device determines the second transmission bit as the first n2 parity bits in the first parity bit.

[0044] If n2 is greater than or equal to N0 and less than or equal to N5, the transmitting device processes the information bits according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bit to obtain the second transmission bit, including: the transmitting device encodes the information bits using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword including a first parity bit; the transmitting device encodes the first codeword using a low-density generator matrix (LDGM) to obtain a second codeword, the second codeword including a second parity bit; the transmitting device determines that the second transmission bit includes the first parity bit and the second parity bit, and the sum of the number of bits of the first parity bit and the second parity bit is n2.

[0045] If n2 is greater than N5, the transmitting device processes the information bits according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bit to obtain the second transmission bit, including: the transmitting device encodes the information bits using a low-density parity check (LDPC) matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword including a first parity bit; the transmitting device encodes the first codeword using a low-density generator matrix (LDGM) to obtain a second codeword, the second codeword including a second parity bit; the transmitting device determines that the second transmission bit includes the first (n2-N5) information bits, the first parity bit, and the second parity bit.

[0046] The number of bits in the second transmission bit affects the processing of the information bits. A larger number of bits in the second transmission bit results in a lower coding rate for the encoded codeword, ensuring reliable data transmission. Conversely, a smaller number of bits in the second transmission bit results in a higher coding rate for the encoded codeword, conserving transmission resources.

[0047] In one possible design, the number of bits n2 in the second transmission bit is determined by the priority of the information bits, where each information bit is one layer of an N-layer bit sequence obtained by layering the original information. Different information bit priorities result in different numbers of bits in the second transmission bit. Higher priority information bits have a larger number of bits in the second transmission bit to ensure transmission reliability, while lower priority information bits have a smaller number of bits in the second transmission bit to conserve transmission resources. By dividing the bits in the original information into different layers according to their priority, bits distributed across different layers have different priorities, and the number of bits in the second transmission bit is configured for each layer of the bit sequence. The transmitting device encodes the bit sequence of that layer based on this number of bits in the second transmission bit, improving processing efficiency.

[0048] In one possible design, the original information consists of multiple bits; the layering involves dividing the multiple bits into N layers of bit sequences based on the priority of the bits in the original information. For multiple bits in the original information, bits with the same priority are grouped into a single bit sequence, and then these bit sequences with the same priority are processed to improve processing efficiency.

[0049] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a decoding method, the method comprising: receiving a second transmission bit, and processing the second transmission bit according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bit to obtain information bits.

[0050] In the decoding method provided in this application, the processing procedure for the information bits varies depending on the number of bits in the second transmitted bit. That is, the receiving device can use different coding rates to process the second transmitted bit based on its number of bits, allowing it to flexibly adapt to different coding rates. The receiving device processes the second transmitted bit according to its number of bits to obtain the corresponding information bits. When the number of bits in the second transmitted bit is large, using a lower coding rate matrix to decode it results in higher accuracy of the obtained information bits, thus ensuring the reliability of data transmission. Conversely, when the number of bits in the second transmitted bit is small, using a higher coding rate matrix to decode it yields the information bits, saving transmission resources.

[0051] In one possible design, if n2 is less than N0, the second transmitted bit is the first n2 parity bits of the first parity bits; if n2 is greater than or equal to N0 and less than or equal to N5, the second transmitted bit includes the first parity bit and the second parity bit; if n2 is greater than N5, the second transmitted bit includes: the first (n2-N5) information bits, the first parity bit, and the second parity bit; wherein, the first parity bit is obtained by encoding the information bits based on an LDPC matrix with a coding rate of 5 / 6, and the second parity bit is obtained by encoding the information bits and the first parity bit based on an LDGM matrix.

[0052] The larger the number of bits in the second transmission bit, the more parity bits it contains, or the more parity bits and information bits it contains, thus ensuring transmission reliability. Conversely, the smaller the number of bits in the second transmission bit, the fewer parity bits it contains, or the fewer parity bits and information bits it contains, thus consuming fewer transmission resources.

[0053] In one possible design, the receiving device processes the second transmitted bits according to the number of bits n2 to obtain information bits, including: the receiving device determining a codeword based on the number of bits n2, the codeword including the second transmitted bits and other bits, wherein the LLR value of the information bits in the other bits is the second LLR value, and the LLR value of the parity bits in the other bits is 0; the receiving device decoding the codeword to obtain the information bits. The receiving device performs corresponding decoding processing on the second transmitted bits according to the number of bits to obtain the corresponding information bits.

[0054] In one possible design, if n2 is less than N0, the codeword includes information bits and a first parity bit. Then, the receiving device decodes the codeword to obtain the information bits, including: the receiving device uses an LDPC matrix with a coding rate of 5 / 6 to decode the codeword to obtain the information bits.

[0055] If n2 is greater than or equal to N0, and the codeword includes information bits, a first parity bit, and a second parity bit, then the receiving device decodes the codeword to obtain information bits. This includes: the receiving device using an LDGM matrix to decode the codeword to obtain a first codeword; the first codeword includes information bits and a first parity bit. The receiving device using an LDPC matrix with a code rate of 5 / 6 to decode the first codeword to obtain information bits.

[0056] The number of bits in the second transmitted bit is different, and the receiving device performs different processing on the second transmitted bit to obtain the information bit.

[0057] In one possible design, the second LLR is a value determined based on the proportion of 0s and 1s in the information bits. The receiving device can determine the information bits not included in the second transmitted bits based on the second LLR value.

[0058] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a transmitting device, including a processor and an interface circuit. The processor is configured to communicate with other devices via the interface circuit and execute the encoding method provided in the third aspect above, or execute the encoding method provided in the seventh aspect above. The processor may include one or more processors.

[0059] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a transmitting end device, including a processor coupled to a memory, for calling a program stored in the memory to execute the encoding method provided in the third aspect, or to execute the encoding method provided in the seventh aspect. The memory may be located within or outside the transmitting end device. The processor may include one or more processors.

[0060] Eleventhly, embodiments of this application provide a transmitting end device, including at least one processor and at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is used to execute the encoding method provided in the third aspect above, or to execute the encoding method provided in the seventh aspect above.

[0061] In a twelfth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a receiving device, including a processor and an interface circuit. The processor is configured to communicate with other devices via the interface circuit and execute the decoding method provided in the fourth aspect above, or execute the decoding method provided in the eighth aspect above. The processor may include one or more.

[0062] In a thirteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a receiving end device, including a processor coupled to a memory, for calling a program stored in the memory to execute the decoding method provided in the fourth aspect, or to execute the decoding method provided in the eighth aspect. The memory may be located within or outside the receiving end device. The processor may include one or more processors.

[0063] In a fourteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a receiving end device, including at least one processor and at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute the decoding method provided in the fourth aspect above, or to execute the decoding method provided in the eighth aspect above.

[0064] In a fifteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform the encoding method of any one of the third or seventh aspects described above, or to perform the decoding method of any one of the fourth or eighth aspects described above.

[0065] In a sixteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, enable the computer to execute the encoding method of any one of the third or seventh aspects described above, or to execute the decoding method of any one of the fourth or eighth aspects described above.

[0066] In a seventeenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a circuit system including a processing circuit configured to perform an encoding method as described in any of the third or seventh aspects above, or a decoding method as described in any of the fourth or eighth aspects above.

[0067] Eighteenthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip, the chip including a processor and a memory coupled together, the memory storing program instructions, when the program instructions stored in the memory are executed by the processor, implementing the encoding method of any one of the third or seventh aspects above, or executing the decoding method of any one of the fourth or eighth aspects above.

[0068] In a nineteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication system, which includes a transmitting end device and a receiving end device according to any of the above aspects. Attached Figure Description

[0069] Figure 1 A Tanner diagram for a low-density parity-check code provided in related technologies;

[0070] Figure 2 This refers to the parity check matrix of the LDPC code provided in related technologies;

[0071] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the data processing flow of a transmitting end device and a receiving end device provided in related technologies;

[0072] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the data processing flow of another transmitting and receiving device provided in the related art;

[0073] Figure 5 A network architecture diagram provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a coding / decoding method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating an image segmentation method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating another encoding / decoding method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 9(a) is a schematic diagram of the distribution of a first transmission bit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 9(b) is a schematic diagram of the distribution of another first transmission bit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 10 A flowchart illustrating another encoding / decoding method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0080] Figure 11 A schematic diagram illustrating the distribution of a second transmission bit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 12(a) is a schematic diagram of a low-density generating matrix provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 12(b) is a schematic diagram of another low-density generating matrix provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 12(c) is a schematic diagram of another low-density generating matrix provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0084] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a low-density generating matrix provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 14 A schematic diagram illustrating the distribution of another second transmission bit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0086] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of yet another low-density generating matrix provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0087] Figure 16A schematic diagram illustrating the distribution of another second transmission bit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0088] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating another encoding / decoding method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0089] Figure 18 A performance comparison chart provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0090] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a transmitting end device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0091] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a receiving device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0092] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0093] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. Furthermore, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used in the embodiments of this application to distinguish identical or similar items with substantially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that "first," "second," etc., are not necessarily different.

[0094] To make this application clearer, we will first give a brief introduction to some of the concepts and processes mentioned in this application.

[0095] 1. Source coding

[0096] Source coding is a transformation of a source aimed at improving communication efficiency, or a transformation to reduce or eliminate source redundancy. Specifically, it involves finding a method based on the statistical characteristics of the source to transform it into the shortest possible bit sequence, maximizing the average information carried by each bit while ensuring lossless reconstruction of the original source. The main performance indicator for source coding is coding efficiency.

[0097] The reverse process of source coding is source decoding, which is the process of restoring the signal before source decoding to obtain the source signal.

[0098] 2. Channel coding

[0099] Channel coding, also known as error control coding, involves the transmitting device modifying information bits (e.g., ...)Figure 2 Redundant bits are added to the source-coded bits (the bits in the signal), and these redundant bits are related to the information bits. The channel-coded signal consists of information bits and redundant bits in sequence.

[0100] The reverse process of channel coding is channel decoding. Channel decoding is when the receiving device detects and corrects errors generated during transmission based on the correlation between redundant bits and information bits, and restores the information bits, thereby combating interference during transmission and improving the reliability of data transmission.

[0101] 3. Encoding rate

[0102] The coding rate refers to the proportion of bits before encoding (i.e., information bits) in the total number of bits after encoding. For a bit sequence, a lower coding rate results in more redundant bits in the encoded bit sequence, leading to higher data transmission reliability. The coding rate can be denoted as R.

[0103] 4. Code length

[0104] The code length refers to the number of bits in the encoded bit sequence. With a fixed number of information bits, a longer code length results in more redundant bits in the encoded bit sequence, leading to higher data transmission reliability.

[0105] 5. Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes

[0106] LDPC coding is a type of channel coding. LDPC coding is the standard channel coding scheme for low-frequency short-range wireless local area networks (WLAN) communication systems such as IEEE 802.11n / ac / ax. LDPC coding is a mandatory channel coding scheme for bandwidths greater than or equal to 40MHz.

[0107] LDPC codes are typically represented using a parity-check matrix or a Tanner graph. The parity-check matrix of an LDPC code is a sparse matrix, meaning the number of non-zero elements is much smaller than the number of zero elements. The parity-check matrix and Tanner graph of an LDPC code... Figure 1 A one-to-one correspondence exists. The Tanner diagram includes variable nodes and check nodes. Variable nodes represent code symbols, and check nodes represent check constraints. The check matrix of an LDPC code is denoted as H. For example, the check matrix H of an LDPC code is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] The Tanner diagram corresponding to the parity-check matrix H of this LDPC code is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. In Figure 2 In the diagram, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, and V8 are variable nodes, represented by circular nodes. C1, C2, C3, and C4 are check nodes, represented by square nodes.

[0110] In the IEEE 802.11 ac / ax standard, the LDPC code used is a quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) code. The unique structure of the parity-check matrix of the QC-LDPC code effectively solves the coding complexity problem of LDPC codes. In IEEE 802.11 ac, the parity-check matrix of the LDPC code supports a code length of 1944 and a code rate of 5 / 6.

[0111] For example, see Figure 2 , Figure 3 The parity-check matrices for four LDPC codes are shown, supporting a code length of 1944. Different codewords are obtained using the parity-check matrices of the four LDPC codes, with the following coding rates, information bit lengths, and parity bit lengths:

[0112] The encoding rate R = 1 / 2, the information bit length is 972, and the parity bit length is 972.

[0113] The encoding rate R = 2 / 3, the information bit length is 1296, and the parity bit length is 648.

[0114] The encoding rate R = 3 / 4, the information bit length is 1458, and the parity bit length is 486.

[0115] The encoding rate R = 5 / 6, the information bit length is 1620, and the check bit length is 324.

[0116] Raptor-like low-density parity-check (RL-LDPC) codes are a type of LDPC code with a coding rate of less than 1 / 2.

[0117] 6. Log-likelihood ratio (LLR)

[0118] The log-likelihood ratio of a bit is the natural logarithm of the ratio of the probability that the bit is 1 to the probability that the bit is 0. If the probability that the bit is 1 is denoted as p(1) and the probability that the bit is 0 is denoted as p(0), then the log-likelihood ratio of the bit is ln[p(1) / p(0)].

[0119] 7. General process of data sending and receiving

[0120] See Figure 3 During data transmission and reception, the transmitting device performs source coding, channel coding, constellation modulation, and resource mapping on the signal source to obtain the signal to be transmitted, and then sends this signal to the receiving device. This signal may be subject to noise interference during transmission over the channel between the transmitting and receiving devices. Upon receiving the signal, the receiving device performs resource demapping, constellation demodulation, channel decoding, and source decoding to obtain the destination signal (i.e., the reconstructed source signal).

[0121] Figure 4 The document only shows some steps in the data sending and receiving process. In actual implementation, there may be other steps, and this application does not limit this.

[0122] Taking video data transmission as an example, the common source (e.g., video data) encoding methods currently include the following five types. Among them, the first and second types are methods of hybrid digital-analog video encoding, the third and fourth types are purely digital video encoding methods, and the fifth type is a wireless transmission method that uses a combined source.

[0123] The first type: Softcast

[0124] The SoftCast processing procedure includes: performing discrete cosine transform (DCT) on the image, power allocation, whitening, resource mapping and sending it out; the receiving device performs linear least square estimate (LLSE) decoding on the received signal and inverse DCT to obtain the image.

[0125] The second method: Amimon's joint source and channel coding (JSCC)

[0126] Amimon's JSCC processing includes: layering the image to obtain coarse and fine information layers, directly performing constellation modulation and resource mapping on each layer, and sending out the signals mapped to the transmission resources.

[0127] In both the first and second methods, channel coding is not used, and information is transmitted directly through the channel, which is greatly affected by noise, especially at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The signal received by the receiving device will be very poor, and the visual quality of the video cannot meet the actual requirements.

[0128] The third type: Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) and Scalable High-Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) from the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC), which can be simply referred to as ATSC's LDM & SHVC.

[0129] ATSC's LDM&SHVC processing includes: layering the image according to the sampling points (dividing it into a basic layer and an enhancement layer), performing channel coding and constellation modulation on each layer, integrating the constellation-modulated information, and mapping it onto transmission resources for transmission.

[0130] When ATSC's LDM&SHVC performs channel coding, the channel coding rate is fixed. Furthermore, ATSC's LDM&SHVC only divides the image into two layers, resulting in very limited adaptability to different channels.

[0131] The fourth type: FlexCast

[0132] FlexCast's processing steps include: DCT transformation of the image, binary conversion, rateless coding, resource mapping, and transmission. The rateless coded signal contains only redundant bits. Rateless coding is suitable for binary erasure channels (BEC), but its performance is poor under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Fifth: Wireless transmission method using joint source transmission.

[0133] See Figure 5The processing steps of this method include: the transmitting device hierarchically classifying information bits in the information source (such as video data, instructions, etc.) according to their priority (e.g., importance). The hierarchical control information (such as hierarchical bit width information) is transmitted through the control signal channel. The control information undergoes channel coding, binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, and resource mapping. The initial phase of BPSK is π / 2. The hierarchical data information (i.e., information bits) is transmitted through the data signal channel. Data information of different priorities is distributed across N bit planes. Data information in different bit planes is rateless encoded separately. The encoded information is then mapped onto resource blocks through bit stream concatenation, symbol modulation, symbol sequence concatenation, and resource mapping. Finally, blocks are assembled (e.g., adding a premble, demodulating pilot reference signals, etc.) before being transmitted.

[0134] The layered bit width information includes the number of bits in each bit plane, the probability of a bit being 0 and the probability of a bit being 1 before source coding, and coding-related information. N is an integer greater than 1. Control information and data information are encoded and modulated independently. Control information uses a low coding rate (e.g., 1 / 2) and a low-order modulation scheme (e.g., BPSK). In the data information, high-priority information bits use medium-low coding rates (e.g., 3 / 4), and low-priority information bits use high- and medium coding rates (e.g., 7 / 8), each passed through N independent encoders.

[0135] The receiving device performs synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization on the received signal, and then obtains control and data information through de-resource mapping. The control information is demodulated and channel decoded to obtain layered bit-width information. The data information is processed through symbol sequence splitting, demodulation, and bit stream splitting to obtain the soft information for each layer. Then, channel decoding is used to obtain the probability of a bit being 0 or 1. Finally, information is merged based on these probabilities to recover the original source information, i.e., the target information. Here, the soft information is the log-likelihood ratio corresponding to each bit in the data information. However, the channel coding still uses rateless coding, resulting in poor channel coding performance. Furthermore, rateless coding is not suitable for existing LDPC encoding and decoding architectures.

[0136] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a coding and decoding method. The communication system to which the coding and decoding method provided in this application is applicable includes a transmitting end device and a receiving end device. The transmitting end device is a device or chip that supports wireless communication, such as a device or chip that supports the 802.11 series protocols, or a device or chip that supports cellular communication. The transmitting end device can be a network device or a terminal, or a chip in a terminal or a chip in a network device, etc. The transmitting end device can also be described as a transmitting device or a sending device. The receiving end device is a device or chip that supports wireless communication, such as a device or chip that supports the 802.11 series protocols, or a device or chip that supports cellular communication. The receiving end device can be a network device, or a terminal, or a chip in a terminal or a chip in a network device, etc. The receiving end device can also be described as a receiving end device or a receiving device. Furthermore, the transmitting end device and the receiving end device can be two devices in the communication system. For example, the transmitting end device can be a first device in the communication system, and the receiving end device can be a second device in the communication system. The first device and the second device can interact with each other. Network equipment can include communication servers, routers, switches, bridges, macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, wireless LAN access points, etc. Terminals can include mobile phones, tablets, smart home devices, IoT nodes, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) devices, or augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) devices, etc.

[0137] Figure 5 A wireless local area network (WLAN) communication system applicable to the encoding and decoding method of this application is illustrated. The network device can be an access point (AP) in the WLAN communication system, and the terminal can be a station (STA) in the WLAN communication system. See also... Figure 6 The system architecture of this wireless LAN includes at least one access point (AP) and at least one station (STA). The AP is the network element that provides services to the station and can be an access point supporting the 802.11 series of protocols. The 802.11 series of protocols can include Extremely High Throughput (EHT) or IEEE 802.11be.

[0138] The network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0139] The encoding and decoding methods provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below.

[0140] This application provides a coding / decoding method. See also... Figure 7 The encoding method includes the following steps:

[0141] S600, the transmitting device acquires the information bits and the number of bits n1 of the first transmission bits.

[0142] Here, the information bit is one layer of a bit sequence obtained by layering the original information into N layers of bit sequences. The original information is at least one bit sequence. N is an integer greater than 1. For example, the process of "the transmitting device acquiring the information bit" includes steps one through three:

[0143] Step 1: The sending device acquires the raw information.

[0144] For example, see Figure 7 A single frame of an image has a pixel resolution of 1920×1080, and a block has a pixel resolution of 8×8. Dividing the image frame into blocks yields 135×240 blocks. Figure 8 In this diagram, each square represents a block. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) or wavelet transform is performed on each pixel within a block. Taking DCT as an example, DCT is applied to each pixel in each block to obtain the corresponding DCT coefficients. Each DCT coefficient is then quantized to obtain the corresponding DCT quantization coefficients. Finally, eight bits are used to represent the DCT quantization coefficients, resulting in the quantized bit sequence (including multiple bits), which is the original information. Here, DCT coefficients are real numbers, while DCT quantization coefficients are integers.

[0145] Step 2: The transmitting device divides the original information into layers to obtain an N-layer bit sequence.

[0146] Among them, the layering processing technology can be bit plane layering technology, or it can be used to layer the original information through source coding (such as scalable video coding (SVC), tile-based 360° layering) or other methods, so that each bit in the bit sequence is distributed in different bit planes, thus obtaining a bit sequence distributed in N bit planes.

[0147] Here, the transmitting device divides multiple bits in the original information into N layers of bit sequences according to the priority of the bits in the original information. For example, the bit sequence in the original information is divided into eight layers using 15 DCT blocks as a unit, with the number of bits distributed in each layer being 960 or an integer multiple of 960.

[0148] Step 3: The transmitting device uses any one of the N layers of bit sequence as information bits.

[0149] The transmitting device can then acquire the information bits to be encoded. Of course, the transmitting device can also acquire the information bits to be encoded through other methods.

[0150] Optionally, the number of bits n1 in the first transmission bit is determined based on the priority of the information bits mentioned above. The priorities of the first transmission bits distributed across different bit planes are different, and the number of bits configured for the first transmission bit also varies. The higher the priority of the bit plane, the larger the number of bits configured for the first transmission bit, to ensure reliable data transmission.

[0151] Taking video transmission as an example, high-priority information bits are more crucial for recovering video data. If the receiving device can accurately receive this information, basic picture quality and viewing experience can be guaranteed. Regardless of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high-priority information bits correspond to key information in the video data. Because of more reliable channel coding methods, this information can be recovered well regardless of channel quality. Low-priority information bits are information that the human eye is not sensitive to. When the channel quality is good and the SNR is high, the receiving device can recover this information with high quality, improving image quality. When the channel quality is poor and the SNR is low, if the receiving device cannot recover this information, it will not significantly affect image quality. Therefore, for higher-priority information bits, the number of bits in the corresponding first transmission bit is larger, and the coding rate is higher to improve data transmission reliability. For lower-priority information bits, the number of bits in the corresponding first transmission bit is smaller, and the coding rate is lower to avoid wasting transmission resources. Furthermore, during video data transmission, if the video rate and channel capacity are mismatched, and the channel noise is greater than the predicted value, the distortion during video reconstruction will be very large. Conversely, if the channel noise is smaller than the predicted value, the distortion during video reconstruction will not decrease. This phenomenon is known as the cliff effect. By configuring different numbers of first transmission bits for information bits of different priorities, the information bits of different priorities can have a stronger ability to adapt to the channel, thus avoiding the cliff effect, reducing the latency required for retransmission and feedback, and ensuring the low-latency transmission requirements of video.

[0152] S601. The transmitting device determines the first LDPC matrix based on the number of bits n1 of the first transmitted bits.

[0153] In this system, the code length of the first LDPC matrix is ​​fixed, meaning the number of columns in the first LDPC matrix is ​​fixed. There is a corresponding relationship between the number of bits (n1) in the first transmitted bit and the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix. The larger the number of bits (n1) in the first transmitted bit, the lower the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix. For example:

[0154] If n1∈[N0, N1) or n1∈[0, N0), then the coding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​the first coding code rate;

[0155] If n1∈[N1, N2), then the coding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​the coding code rate of the second coding code rate;

[0156] If n1∈[N2, N3), then the coding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​the third coding code rate;

[0157] If n1∈[N3, N4] or n1>N4, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​the fourth coding rate.

[0158] Among them, the first coding bitrate is greater than the second coding bitrate, the second coding bitrate is greater than the third coding bitrate, and the third coding bitrate is greater than the fourth coding bitrate. N0 <N1<N2<N3<N4。

[0159] The transmitting device can determine the encoding rate of the first LDPC matrix based on the number of bits in the first transmitted bit to encode the information bits. In the prior art, using LDPC matrices with the same encoding rate to encode information bits results in poor data transmission reliability and high transmission resource overhead. However, in this embodiment, the transmitting device selects first LDPC matrices with different encoding rates based on the number of bits in the first transmitted bit to encode the information bits. Different information bits correspond to different numbers of bits in the first transmitted bit, and consequently, different encoding rates are selected for the first LDPC matrix. For information bits with higher priority, the encoding rate of the selected first LDPC matrix is ​​lower, ensuring data transmission reliability. For information bits with lower priority, the encoding rate of the selected first LDPC matrix is ​​higher, thus reducing data transmission resource overhead.

[0160] In practical applications, the codeword length after encoding information bits using the first LDPC matrix includes three types: 648, 1296, and 1944. Taking video transmission as an example, video transmission often uses long packets and typically employs a first LDPC matrix that supports a codeword length of 1944, meaning the first LDPC matrix has 1944 columns. For a codeword length of 1944, N0 = 324, N1 = 468, N2 = 648, N3 = 972, and N4 = 1932. The first encoding coderate is 5 / 6, the second is 3 / 4, the third is 2 / 3, and the fourth is 1 / 2. In other words:

[0161] If n1∈[324, 468) or n1∈[0, 324), then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​R = 5 / 6;

[0162] If n1∈[468, 648), then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​R = 3 / 4;

[0163] If n1∈[648, 972), then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​R = 2 / 3;

[0164] If n1∈[972,1932] or n1>1932, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​R=1 / 2.

[0165] S602. The transmitting device encodes the information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the first transmission bits.

[0166] The coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​different, and the bit position of the bit in the first transmitted bit in the first codeword is also different.

[0167] Optional, see Figure 8 The specific implementation process of S602 includes S6021 and S6022:

[0168] S6021. The transmitting device encodes the information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the first codeword.

[0169] The first codeword includes information bits and m check bits.

[0170] For example, still taking a code length of 1944 as an example, if n1∈[0, 324) or n1∈[324, 468), then the coding rate R of the first LDPC matrix is ​​5 / 6. Using the first LDPC matrix with a coding rate R = 5 / 6, the information bits are encoded to obtain the first codeword. In this case, the first codeword includes information bits and 324 parity bits (as shown by the slashed padding in Figure 9(a)). If the number of information bits is less than 1620, the first codeword also includes shortened all-zero bits (as shown by the grid padding in Figure 9(a)). The total number of information bits and shortened all-zero bits is 1620.

[0171] If n1 ∈ [468, 648), then the coding rate R of the first LDPC matrix is ​​3 / 4. Using the first LDPC matrix with a coding rate R = 3 / 4, the information bits are encoded to obtain the first codeword. In this case, the first codeword includes information bits and 486 parity bits. If the number of information bits is less than 1458, the first codeword also includes shortened all-zero bits. The total number of information bits and shortened all-zero bits is 1458.

[0172] If n1 ∈ [648, 972), then the coding rate R of the first LDPC matrix is ​​2 / 3. Using the first LDPC matrix with a coding rate R = 2 / 3, the information bits are encoded to obtain the first codeword. In this case, the first codeword includes information bits and 648 parity bits. If the number of information bits is less than 1296, the first codeword also includes shortened all-zero bits. The total number of information bits and shortened all-zero bits is 1296.

[0173] If n1 ∈ [972, 1932] or n1 > 1932, then the coding rate R of the first LDPC matrix is ​​1 / 2. Using the first LDPC matrix with a coding rate R = 1 / 2, the information bits are encoded to obtain the first codeword. In this case, the first codeword includes information bits and 972 parity bits (as shown in the slashed padding in Figure 9(b)). If the number of information bits is less than 972, the first codeword also includes shortened all-zero bits (as shown in the grid padding in Figure 9(b)). The total number of information bits and shortened all-zero bits is 972.

[0174] S6022. The transmitting device determines the first transmission bit from the first codeword based on the number of bits n1 of the first transmission bit.

[0175] The number of bits in the first transmission bit varies, and the bits included in the first transmission bit are also different. For example, the first transmission bit includes some bits from m parity bits, or the first transmission bit includes m parity bits, or the first transmission bit includes some bits from m parity bits and information bits, or the first transmission bit includes a first codeword, or the number of bits in the first transmission bit is zero.

[0176] In one example, if n1 ∈ [0, N0), then the first transmitted bit includes the first n1 bits from the m parity bits. Here, the first transmitted bit can also be n1 bits selected from the m parity bits according to a preset selection rule.

[0177] If n1∈[N0, N1), then the first transmitted bit includes m parity bits and the first (n1-m) bits of the information bits.

[0178] If n1∈[N1, N2), then the first transmitted bit includes m parity bits and the first (n1-m) bits of the information bits.

[0179] If n1∈[N2, N3), then the first transmitted bit includes m parity bits and the first (n1-m) bits of the information bits.

[0180] If n1∈[N3, N4], then the first transmitted bit includes m parity bits and the first (n1-m) bits of the information bits. Here, the transmitting device can also select (n1-m) bits from the information bits according to a preset selection rule.

[0181] If n1 > N4, then the first transmission bit includes the aforementioned information bit and the aforementioned m parity bits. In practical applications, since the total number of bits for the aforementioned information bit and m parity bits is still less than n1, the transmitting device can select bits sequentially from the aforementioned "information bit and m parity bits" from front to back until the number of bits is equal to n1.

[0182] In this embodiment, the transmitting device determines the first transmission bit based on the number of bits in the first transmission bit. Since higher priority information bits correspond to a larger number of bits in the first transmission bit, a first LDPC matrix with a lower encoding rate can be used to encode the information bits, ensuring reliable information transmission. Conversely, lower priority information bits correspond to a smaller number of bits in the first transmission bit, allowing the use of a first LDPC matrix with a higher encoding rate to encode the information bits, thus reducing data transmission resource overhead. Compared to methods that use LDPC matrices with fixed encoding rates to encode information bits of different priorities, the encoding / decoding method proposed in this embodiment offers greater flexibility and better reliability.

[0183] For example, with a code length of 1944, N0 = 324, N1 = 468, N2 = 648, N3 = 972, and N4 = 1932. The first code has a code rate of 5 / 6, the second code has a code rate of 3 / 4, the third code has a code rate of 2 / 3, and the fourth code has a code rate of 1 / 2. That is to say:

[0184] If n1∈[0, 324), then the first transmission bit includes a portion of the 324 parity bits, such as the first n1 bits, as shown in the thick box in Figure 9(a). Alternatively, the first transmission bit is a portion of the 324 parity bits that satisfy other selection rules.

[0185] If n1 ∈ [324, 468), then the first transmitted bits include a parity bit and a portion of the information bits. Here, the portion of the information bits can be the first (n1-324) bits of the information bits, or a portion of the information bits that satisfy other selection rules.

[0186] If n1 ∈ [468, 648), then the first transmitted bit includes a parity bit and a portion of the information bits. Here, the portion of the information bits can be the first (n1-468) bits of the information bits, or a portion of the information bits that satisfy other selection rules.

[0187] If n1 ∈ [648, 972), then the first transmitted bit includes a parity bit and a portion of the information bits. Here, the portion of the information bits can be the first (n1-648) bits of the information bits, or a portion of the information bits that satisfy other selection rules.

[0188] If n1 ∈ [972, 1932], then the first transmission bit includes a portion of the parity bit and the information bit. Here, the portion of the information bit can be the first (n1-972) bits of the information bit, as shown in the black box in Figure 9(b), or a portion of the information bit that satisfies other selection rules.

[0189] If n1 > 1932, then the first transmitted bits include the aforementioned information bits and m parity bits. For example, the transmitting device can select bits sequentially from the aforementioned "information bits and m parity bits" from beginning to end until the number of bits equals n1. If all bits selected from the aforementioned "information bits and m parity bits" are still less than n1, then the transmitting device again selects bits sequentially from the aforementioned "information bits and m parity bits" from beginning to end until the number of bits equals n1.

[0190] S603. The transmitting device sends a first transmission bit to the receiving device. Correspondingly, the receiving device receives the first transmission bit from the transmitting device.

[0191] S604. The receiving device determines the first LDPC matrix based on the number of bits n1 of the first transmitted bits.

[0192] The number of bits n1 of the first transmitted bit is related to the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix. For details, please refer to the relevant explanation in S601, which will not be repeated here.

[0193] S605. The receiving device decodes the first transmitted bit according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the information bit.

[0194] Optional, see Figure 10 The specific implementation process of S605 includes S6051 and S6052:

[0195] S6051. The receiving device obtains the first codeword based on the first transmitted bit and the first LDPC matrix corresponding to the number of bits n1 of the first transmitted bit.

[0196] For example, if n1 ∈ [0, 324), meaning the first transmission bit includes the first n1 bits of the 324 parity bits, then the first codeword includes the first transmission bit and other bits. The other bits include other information bits and other parity bits. The LLR value of the other information bits is the first LLR value, which is determined based on the proportion of 0s and 1s in the information bits. The LLR value of the other parity bits is 0. The receiving device determines the value of the other information bits based on the first LLR value, and then determines the value of the other parity bits (excluding the "partial parity bits included in the first transmission bit") based on the LLR values ​​of the other parity bits, i.e., the other parity bits are assigned a value of 0. Here, the "proportion of 0s and 1s in the information bits" is also information transmitted from the sending device to the receiving device.

[0197] If n1 ∈ [324, 468), or n1 ∈ [468, 648), or n1 ∈ [648, 972), or n1 ∈ [972, 1932], that is, the first transmitted bit includes a portion of the parity bit and information bits, then the first codeword includes the first transmitted bit and other bits. The other bits include other information bits. The receiving device still determines the values ​​of the other information bits besides the "partial information bits included in the first transmitted bit" based on the first LLR value.

[0198] If n1 > 1932, meaning the first transmission bit includes the aforementioned information bits and m check bits, then the first codeword includes the first transmission bit.

[0199] S6052. The receiving device uses the first LDPC matrix to decode the first codeword to obtain information bits.

[0200] For example, if n1∈[0, 324) or n1∈[324, 468), then the coding rate R of the first LDPC matrix is ​​5 / 6. Using the first LDPC matrix with a coding rate R = 5 / 6, the first codeword is decoded to obtain the information bits.

[0201] If n1∈[468, 648), then the coding rate R of the first LDPC matrix is ​​3 / 4. Using the first LDPC matrix with a coding rate R=3 / 4, the first codeword is decoded to obtain the information bits.

[0202] If n1∈[648, 972), then the coding rate R of the first LDPC matrix is ​​2 / 3. Using the first LDPC matrix with a coding rate R = 2 / 3, the first codeword is decoded to obtain the information bits.

[0203] If n1∈[972,1932] or n1>1932, then the coding rate R of the first LDPC matrix is ​​1 / 2. Using the first LDPC matrix with a coding rate R=1 / 2, the first codeword is decoded to obtain the information bits.

[0204] In the encoding and decoding method provided in this application embodiment, the transmitting device determines the corresponding first LDPC matrix based on the number of bits in the first transmitted bit. Different numbers of bits in the first transmitted bit result in different encoding rates for the corresponding first LDPC matrix. That is, different encoding rates for the first LDPC matrix can be flexibly determined based on the number of bits in the first transmitted bit, improving the flexibility and reliability of encoding and decoding. Since the encoding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​flexible and variable, the transmitting device can flexibly use first LDPC matrices with different encoding rates to encode information bits. When the number of bits in the first transmitted bit is large, a lower encoding rate first LDPC matrix is ​​used to encode the information bits to obtain the first transmitted bit, ensuring the reliability of data transmission; when the number of bits in the first transmitted bit is small, a higher encoding rate first LDPC matrix is ​​used to encode the information bits to obtain the first transmitted bit, saving transmission resources. Furthermore, the encoding and decoding method provided in this application embodiment can be adapted to existing WLAN LDPC encoders and decoders, with flexible encoding rate adaptation.

[0205] The above methods all employ a fixed code length for encoding and decoding. Additionally, this application also provides a method for encoding and decoding when the number of information bits is fixed. See also... Figure 11 The encoding method includes the following steps:

[0206] S1000, the transmitting device acquires the information bits and the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bits.

[0207] The specific implementation process of S1000 can be found in the relevant description of S600, and will not be repeated here.

[0208] For example, the bit sequence in the original information is divided into eight layers using 25 DCT blocks as a unit, with the number of bits distributed in each layer being 1600 or an integer multiple of 1600.

[0209] S1001. The transmitting device processes the information bits according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bits to obtain the second transmission bits.

[0210] The number of bits (n2) in the second transmitted bit varies, and the processing of the information bits by the transmitting device also changes, resulting in different second transmitted bits. Specifically:

[0211] If n2∈[0, N0), N0=324, then the specific implementation process of S1001 includes step one and step two:

[0212] Step 1: The transmitting device encodes the information bits using an LDPC matrix with an encoding rate of 5 / 6 to obtain the first codeword, which includes the first parity bit.

[0213] The LDPC matrix has a code length of 1944, meaning it has 1944 columns. The first codeword has a code length of 1944. The first codeword includes information bits (such as...). Figure 11 (as shown in the unpadded box in the image), shortened all-zero bits (as shown in the image). Figure 11 (as shown in the grid-filled boxes) and check bits (as shown in the diagram) Figure 11 (as shown in the diagonally filled box).

[0214] Step 2: The transmitting device determines that the second transmitted bit is the first n2 parity bits in the first parity bits (e.g., ...). Figure 13 (As shown in the thick black box in the image). Here, the second transmission bit can also be n² bits selected from the first parity bit according to a preset selection rule.

[0215] If n2∈[N0, N5], where N5 is the maximum number of parity bits supported by the encoding / decoding system, then the specific implementation process of S1001 includes steps one, three, and four:

[0216] Step 1: The transmitting device encodes the information bits using an LDPC matrix with an encoding rate of 5 / 6 to obtain the first codeword, which includes the first parity bit. The LDPC matrix with an encoding rate of 5 / 6 is shown in the thick black box in Figure 12(a).

[0217] Step 3: The transmitting device uses a low-density generator matrix (LDGM) to encode the first codeword to obtain the second codeword.

[0218] The LDGM is determined based on the number of bits in the second transmitted bit. Referring to Figures 12(a), 12(b), or 12(c), the parity check matrix of the RL-LDPC code includes a core matrix and an extension portion. The core matrix is ​​the LDPC matrix used by the WLAN chip (e.g., an LDPC matrix supporting a code length of 1944 and a code rate of 5 / 6), as shown by the thick black box in Figure 12(a). The LDPC matrix includes a parity check portion with a double diagonal structure. The extension portion includes the LDGM portion and the identity matrix. The number of rows in the LDGM is determined by (n² - N₀). In Figure 12(b), the thick black dashed square indicates the number of rows in the LDGM. In Figure 12(c), the thick black dashed rectangle shows the LDGM used for encoding the first codeword. Additionally, the core matrix can also be the LDPC channel coding portion of the data channel in a new radio (NR) chip. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 13 ,exist Figure 14 In the image, the rectangular black dashed box shows the LDGM used for encoding the first codeword. In this case, the information bits corresponding to the punctured high weight columns in the parity check matrix of the RL-LDPC code are not transmitted.

[0219] The second codeword includes the second parity bit (e.g., Figure 14 (As shown in the box filled with a vertical line).

[0220] Step 4: The transmitting device determines that the second transmitted bit includes a first parity bit and a second parity bit, and the sum of the number of bits in the first parity bit and the second parity bit is n² (e.g., ...). Figure 15 (As shown in the black box in the middle).

[0221] If n2 > N5, then the specific implementation process of S1001 includes steps one, three, and five:

[0222] Step 1: The transmitting device encodes the information bits using an LDPC matrix with an encoding rate of 5 / 6 to obtain the first codeword, which includes the first parity bit.

[0223] Step 3: The transmitting device uses LDGM to encode the first codeword to obtain the second codeword.

[0224] For example, see Figure 16 In the LDGM section, the part covered by the black dashed box is the LDGM used for encoding the first codeword.

[0225] Step 5: The transmitting device determines that the second transmitted bit includes the first (n2-N5) information bits, the first parity bit, and the second parity bit (e.g., ...). Figure 17 (As shown in the black box in the middle).

[0226] Through steps one through five above, the transmitting device using LDGM can flexibly adapt to different coding rates to encode information bits.

[0227] S1002, the transmitting device sends a second transmission bit to the receiving device. Correspondingly, the receiving device receives the second transmission bit from the transmitting device.

[0228] S1003. The receiving device processes the second transmitted bit according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmitted bit to obtain information bits.

[0229] The number of bits (n2) in the second transmitted bit varies, and therefore the second transmitted bit itself is also different. For example:

[0230] If n2∈[0, N0), N0=324, then the second transmitted bit is the first n2 parity bits in the first parity bit.

[0231] If n2∈[N0, N5], where N5 is the maximum number of parity bits supported by the encoding and decoding system, then the second transmission bit includes the first parity bit and the second parity bit.

[0232] If n2 > N5, then the second transmission bit includes: the first (n2-N5) information bits, the first parity bit, and the second parity bit. The first parity bit is obtained by encoding the information bits using an LDPC matrix with a coding rate of 5 / 6, and the second parity bit is obtained by encoding the information bits and the first parity bit using an LDGM matrix.

[0233] Optional, see Figure 4 The specific implementation process of S1003 includes S10031 and S10032:

[0234] S10031. The receiving device determines the codeword based on the number of bits n2 of the second transmitted bit.

[0235] Specifically, if n2∈[0, N0) and N0=324, then the second transmission bit includes the first parity bit, and the codeword includes the second transmission bit and other bits, the other bits being information bits. In other words, the codeword includes the first parity bit and information bits.

[0236] If n2∈[N0, N5], where N5 is the maximum number of parity bits supported by the encoding / decoding system, then the second transmission bit includes the first parity bit and the second parity bit, and the codeword includes the second transmission bit and other bits, where the other bits are information bits. In other words, the codeword includes the first parity bit, the second parity bit, and information bits.

[0237] If n2 > N5, then the second transmitted bit includes the first (n2-N5) information bits, the first parity bit, and the second parity bit. The codeword includes the second transmitted bit and other bits, which are a subset of the information bits. In other words, the codeword includes the first parity bit, the second parity bit, and the information bits.

[0238] S10032. The receiving device decodes the codeword to obtain the information bits.

[0239] Specifically, if n2∈[0, N0), then the specific implementation process of S10032 includes step one:

[0240] Step 1: The receiving device uses an LDPC matrix with an encoding rate of 5 / 6 to decode the codeword and obtain the information bits.

[0241] The LDPC matrix supports a code length of 1944, meaning that the LDPC matrix has 1944 columns.

[0242] If n2∈[N0, N5] or n2>N5, then the specific implementation process of S10032 includes step two and step one:

[0243] Step 2: The receiving device uses an LDGM matrix to decode the codeword to obtain the first codeword.

[0244] The first codeword includes information bits and a first check bit.

[0245] Step 1: The receiving device uses an LDPC matrix with a code rate of 5 / 6 to decode the first codeword and obtain the information bits.

[0246] The code length corresponding to the LDPC matrix is ​​1944.

[0247] The receiving device processes the second transmitted bit differently according to the number of bits in the second transmitted bit to obtain the corresponding information bits.

[0248] In the encoding and decoding method provided in this application, the transmitting device processes the information bits according to the number of bits in the second transmission bits to obtain a corresponding number of second transmission bits. Different numbers of bits in the second transmission bits result in different processing procedures for the information bits. That is, based on the number of bits in the second transmission bits, the receiving device can use different encoding rates to process the information bits, allowing the transmitting device to flexibly adapt to different encoding rates. The transmitting device processes the information bits according to the number of bits in the second transmission bits to obtain a corresponding number of second transmission bits. When the number of bits in the second transmission bits is large, a lower encoding rate matrix is ​​used to encode the information bits to obtain the second transmission bits, ensuring the reliability of data transmission; when the number of bits in the second transmission bits is small, a higher encoding rate matrix is ​​used to encode the information bits to obtain the second transmission bits, saving transmission resources.

[0249] Both encoding and decoding methods proposed in this application can be applied to, for example... Figure 4 The data processing flow is shown below. See also... Figure 18 The transmitting device layers the video data according to the priority of the information bits. The layered control information (such as layer bit width information) is transmitted through the control signal channel. The control information undergoes channel coding, BPSK modulation, and resource mapping. The layered information bits are transmitted through the data signal channel. Data information of different priorities is distributed across different bit planes. The following example, using a two-layer bit plane, illustrates the two encoding / decoding methods:

[0250] Example 1: Using the first encoding / decoding method.

[0251] The number of bits in the first transmission bits configured in the two bit planes are different. The transmitting device executes S600, S601, and S602 respectively for the data information in different bit planes to obtain the first transmission bits of the first bit plane and the first transmission bits of the second bit plane. For example, for information bits distributed in the first bit plane, the number of bits in the first transmission bit is 323, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​5 / 6, and the number of columns of the first LDPC matrix is ​​1944. The transmitting device uses the first LDPC matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to encode the information bits in the first bit plane, obtaining a codeword with a code length of 1944, and thus obtaining the first transmission bits of the first bit plane. For information bits distributed in the second bit plane, the number of bits in the first transmission bit is 649, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​2 / 3, and the transmitting device uses the first LDPC matrix with an encoding code rate of 2 / 3 to encode the information bits in the second bit plane, obtaining a codeword with a code length of 1944, and thus obtaining the first transmission bits of the second bit plane. The transmitting device maps the encoded information onto resource blocks through bit stream splicing, symbol modulation, symbol sequence splicing, and resource mapping. After block assembly (such as adding a preamble and demodulating the pilot reference signal), the transmitting device sends out the signal.

[0252] The receiving device performs synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization processing on the received signal, and then obtains control information and data information through de-resource mapping. The control information is demodulated and channel decoded to obtain layered bit width information. The data information is processed through symbol sequence splitting, demodulation, and bit stream splitting to obtain the first transmission bits of each layer. Then, by executing S604 and S605, the information bits of each layer are obtained. For example, for the first transmission bits distributed in the first bit plane, the number of bits in the first transmission bit is 323. The receiving device determines the code length of the first codeword of the first transmission bit to be 1944. The receiving device determines the values ​​of other information bits in the first codeword based on the first LLR value in the control information. The receiving device then uses a first LDPC matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to decode the first codeword of the first bit plane to obtain the information bits of the first bit plane. For the first transmission bit distributed in the second bit plane, the number of bits in the first transmission bit is 649. The receiving device determines the code length of the first codeword of the first transmission bit to be 1944. The receiving device determines the values ​​of other information bits in the first codeword based on the first LLR value in the control information. The receiving device then decodes the first codeword using a first LDPC matrix with an encoding code rate of 2 / 3 to obtain the information bits of the second bit plane. The receiving device then recovers the original source information based on the information bits of each layer, thus obtaining the target information.

[0253] Example 2: Using the second encoding / decoding method.

[0254] The number of bits in the second transmission bits configured in the two bit planes are different. The transmitting device executes S1000 and S1001 respectively for the data information of different bit planes to obtain the second transmission bits of the first bit plane and the second transmission bits of the second bit plane. For example, for information bits distributed in the first bit plane, the number of bits in the second transmission bits is 323, the encoding code rate of the LDPC matrix is ​​5 / 6, the transmitting device uses the LDPC matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to encode the information bits in the first bit plane to obtain a codeword with a code length of 1944, and thus obtains the second transmission bits of the first bit plane. For information bits distributed in the second bit plane, the number of bits in the second transmission bits is 649, the transmitting device uses the LDPC matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to encode the information bits in the second bit plane to obtain a codeword with a code length of 1944, and then uses LDGM to encode the codeword with a code length of 1944, thus obtaining the second transmission bits of the second bit plane. The encoded information is processed through bit stream splicing, symbol modulation, symbol sequence splicing, and resource mapping to map the signal onto resource blocks. After block assembly (such as adding a premble and demodulating the pilot reference signal), the transmitting device sends out the signal.

[0255] The receiving device performs synchronization, channel estimation, and equalization processing on the received signal, and then obtains control information and data information through de-resource mapping. The control information is demodulated and channel decoded to obtain layered bit width information. The data information is processed through symbol sequence splitting, demodulation, and bit stream splitting to obtain the second transmission bits of each layer. Then, by executing S1003, the information bits of each layer are obtained. For example, for the second transmission bits distributed in the first bit plane, the number of bits in the second transmission bits is 323. The receiving device determines that the number of information bits in the codeword corresponding to the second transmission bits is 1620. The receiving device determines the values ​​of other information bits in the codeword based on the first LLR value in the control information. The receiving device then uses an LDPC matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to decode the codeword of the first bit plane to obtain the information bits of the first bit plane. For the second transmission bit distributed in the second bit plane, the number of bits in the second transmission bit is 649. The receiving device determines that the number of information bits in the codeword corresponding to the second transmission bit is 1620. The receiving device determines the values ​​of other information bits in the codeword based on the first LLR value in the control information. The receiving device first uses LDGM to decode the codeword to obtain the second codeword. The second codeword includes information bits, a first parity bit, and a second parity bit. The receiving device then uses a first LDPC matrix with a coding rate of 2 / 3 to decode the second codeword to obtain the information bits of the second bit plane. Finally, the receiving device recovers the original source information, i.e., the target information, based on the information bits of each layer.

[0256] Furthermore, compared to rateless coding schemes, the encoding / decoding method provided in this application can improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio of video data transmission. For example, the encoding bitrate of rateless coding is the same as that of this application, which is 1 / 2. See also Figure 18 ,exist Figure 18 In this application, under the same coding rate, compared with the coding scheme without rate coding, the encoding and decoding method provided in this embodiment has a good peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Figure 18 The horizontal axis represents the signal-to-noise ratio, measured in dB. Figure 19 The vertical axis represents PSNR, measured in dB. PSNR is a variable that measures image quality. If PSNR is less than or equal to 20 dB, the image quality is too poor and unacceptable. If PSNR is greater than 20 dB, the image quality is acceptable.

[0257] The above mainly describes the solution provided by the embodiments of this application from the perspective of interaction between various network elements. It is understood that, in order to achieve the above functions, the transmitting and receiving devices include corresponding hardware structures and / or software modules for executing each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, in conjunction with the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0258] for example, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a transmitting device 190 is shown. This transmitting device can be a network device or a terminal, or a chip within a network device or terminal, used to implement the method described in any of the above embodiments. The transmitting device 190 includes a processing unit 1901 and a transmitting unit 1902, and optionally, a storage unit 1903. The transmitting unit 1902 can be a transmitting circuit, a transmitter, a communication interface, or an input / output interface. The processing unit 1901 can be a processing circuit, a processor, etc.

[0259] In the first possible implementation, the transmitting device 190 is used to implement Figure 10 The steps of the transmitting device in the corresponding method embodiment are as follows. For example, the processing unit is used to determine a first low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix based on the number of bits n1 of the first transmission bit; the processing unit is also used to encode the information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the first transmission bit; the transmitting unit is used to transmit the first transmission bit.

[0260] In one possible design, the processing unit is used to encode the information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the first transmission bit, including: the processing unit is used to encode the information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the first codeword, the first codeword including the information bits and m parity bits; and to determine the first transmission bit from the first codeword according to the number of bits n1 of the first transmission bit.

[0261] In one possible design, if n1 is less than 324, the first transmitted bit includes the first n1 bits of the 324 parity bits;

[0262] If n1 is greater than or equal to 324 and less than 468, then the first transmitted bit includes 324 parity bits and the first (n1-324) bits of the information bits;

[0263] If n1 is greater than or equal to 468 and less than 648, then the first transmitted bit includes 468 parity bits and the first (n1-468) bits of the information bits;

[0264] If n1 is greater than or equal to 648 and less than 972, then the first transmitted bit includes 648 parity bits and the first (n1-648) bits of the information bits;

[0265] If n1 is greater than or equal to 972 and less than or equal to 1932, then the first transmitted bit includes 972 parity bits and the first (n1-972) bits of the information bits;

[0266] If n1 is greater than 1932, then the first transmitted bit includes information bits and 972 parity bits.

[0267] In one possible design, if n1 is less than 324, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​5 / 6.

[0268] If n1 is greater than or equal to 324 and less than 468, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​5 / 6.

[0269] If n1 is greater than or equal to 468 and less than 648, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​3 / 4.

[0270] If n1 is greater than or equal to 648 and less than 972, then the coding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​2 / 3;

[0271] If n1 is greater than or equal to 972 and less than or equal to 1932, then the coding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​1 / 2.

[0272] If n1 is greater than 1932, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​1 / 2.

[0273] In the second possible implementation, the transmitting device 200 is used to implement Figure 20 The steps of the transmitting device in the corresponding method embodiment are as follows. For example, a processing unit is used to acquire information bits and acquire the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bits; the processing unit is further used to process the information bits according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bits to obtain the second transmission bits; and a transmitting unit is used to transmit the second transmission bits.

[0274] In one possible design, if n2 is less than 324, the processing unit is used to process the information bits according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bit to obtain the second transmission bit, including: the processing unit is used to encode the information bits using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword including a first parity bit; the processing unit is also used to determine that the second transmission bit is the first n2 parity bits in the first parity bit;

[0275] If n2 is greater than or equal to 324 and less than or equal to N5, where N5 is the maximum number of parity bits supported by the encoding and decoding system, then the processing unit is used to process the information bits according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bits to obtain the second transmission bits. This includes: the processing unit is used to encode the information bits using a low-density parity check (LDPC) matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword including a first parity bit; the processing unit is also used to encode the first codeword using a low-density generator matrix (LDGM) to obtain a second codeword, the second codeword including a second parity bit; the processing unit is also used to determine that the second transmission bits include a first parity bit and a second parity bit, and the sum of the number of bits of the first parity bit and the second parity bit is n2.

[0276] If n2 is greater than N5, the processing unit is used to process the information bits according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bit to obtain the second transmission bit, including: the processing unit is used to encode the information bits using a low-density parity check (LDPC) matrix with an encoding code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword including a first parity bit; the processing unit is also used to encode the first codeword using a low-density generator matrix (LDGM) to obtain a second codeword, the second codeword including a second parity bit; the processing unit is also used to determine that the second transmission bit includes the first (n2-N5) information bits, the first parity bit, and the second parity bit in the information bits.

[0277] All relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0278] for example, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a receiving device 200 is shown. This receiving device can be a network device or a terminal, or a chip within a network device or terminal, used to implement the methods described in any of the above embodiments. The receiving device 200 includes a processing unit 2001 and a receiving unit 2002, and optionally, a storage unit 2003. The receiving unit 2002 can be a receiving circuit, a receiver, a communication interface, or an input / output interface. The processing unit 2001 can be a processing circuit, a processor, etc.

[0279] In a first possible implementation, the receiving device 200 is used to implement Figure 10 The steps of the receiving device in the corresponding method embodiment are as follows. For example, a receiving unit is used to receive a first transmitted bit; a processing unit is used to determine a first low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix based on the number of bits n1 of the first transmitted bit; the processing unit is also used to decode the first transmitted bit based on the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits.

[0280] In one possible design, the processing unit is used to decode the first transmitted bit according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits, including: the processing unit is used to obtain a first codeword according to the first transmitted bit and a first low-density parity check LDPC matrix corresponding to the number of bits n1 of the first transmitted bit; wherein, the first codeword includes the first transmitted bit and other bits, the other bits include other information bits and other parity bits; the LLR value of the other information bits is the first LLR value, and the LLR value of the other parity bits is 0; the processing unit is further used to decode the first codeword using the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits.

[0281] In one possible design, the number of bits n1 of the first transmitted bit corresponds to the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix.

[0282] In one possible design, if n1 is less than 324, the first transmitted bit includes the first n1 bits of the 324 parity bits.

[0283] If n1 is greater than or equal to 324 and less than 468, then the first transmitted bit includes 324 parity bits and the first (n1-324) bits of the information bits;

[0284] If n1 is greater than or equal to 468 and less than 648, then the first transmitted bit includes 468 parity bits and the first (n1-468) bits of the information bits;

[0285] If n1 is greater than or equal to 648 and less than 972, then the first transmitted bit includes 648 parity bits and the first (n1-648) bits of the information bits;

[0286] If n1 is greater than or equal to 972 and less than or equal to 1932, then the first transmitted bit includes 972 parity bits and the first (n1-972) bits of the information bits;

[0287] If n1 is greater than 1932, then the first transmitted bit includes information bits and 972 parity bits.

[0288] In one possible design, if n1 is less than 324, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​5 / 6.

[0289] If n1 is greater than or equal to 324 and less than 468, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​5 / 6.

[0290] If n1 is greater than or equal to 468 and less than 648, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​3 / 4.

[0291] If n1 is greater than or equal to 648 and less than 972, then the coding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​2 / 3;

[0292] If n1 is greater than or equal to 972 and less than or equal to 1932, then the coding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​1 / 2.

[0293] If n1 is greater than 1932, then the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is ​​1 / 2.

[0294] In one possible design, the processing unit is used to decode the first transmitted bit according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits, including: the processing unit is used to obtain a first codeword according to the first transmitted bit and a first low-density parity check LDPC matrix corresponding to the number of bits n1 of the first transmitted bit. The first codeword includes the first transmitted bit and other bits, which include other information bits and other parity bits; the LLR value of the other information bits is a first LLR value, and the LLR value of the other parity bits is 0; the processing unit is used to decode the first codeword using the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits.

[0295] In one possible design, the first LLR value is a value determined based on the proportion of 0s and 1s in the information bits. The receiving device can determine the information bits not included in the first transmitted bits based on the first LLR value, so as to accurately determine the first codeword.

[0296] In the second possible implementation, the receiving device 200 is used to implement Figure 21 The steps of the receiving device in the corresponding method embodiment are as follows. For example, a receiving unit is used to receive the second transmitted bit; a processing unit is used to process the second transmitted bit according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmitted bit to obtain information bits.

[0297] In one possible design, the processing unit is used to process the second transmission bit according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bit to obtain information bits, including: the processing unit is used to determine a codeword according to the number of bits n2 of the second transmission bit, the codeword including the second transmission bit and other bits, the LLR value of the information bit in the other bits is the second LLR value, and the LLR value of the parity bit in the other bits is 0; the processing unit is also used to decode the codeword to obtain information bits.

[0298] In one possible design, if n2 is less than 324, and the codeword includes information bits and a first parity bit, then the processing unit is used to decode the codeword to obtain information bits, including: the processing unit is used to decode the codeword using an LDPC matrix with a coding code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain information bits;

[0299] If n2 is greater than or equal to 324, and the codeword includes information bits, a first parity bit, and a second parity bit, then the processing unit is used to decode the codeword to obtain information bits, including: the processing unit is used to decode the codeword using an LDGM matrix to obtain a first codeword; the first codeword includes information bits and a first parity bit; the processing unit is also used to decode the first codeword using an LDPC matrix with a code rate of 5 / 6 to obtain information bits.

[0300] All relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0301] In this embodiment, the transmitting device 190 or the receiving device 200 is presented in an integrated manner, divided into various functional modules. Here, "unit" can refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a circuit, a processor and memory executing one or more software or firmware programs, integrated logic circuits, and / or other devices that can provide the aforementioned functions. In a simple embodiment, those skilled in the art will understand that the transmitting device 190 or the receiving device 200 can adopt... Figure 21 The communication device 2100 shown is in this form.

[0302] for example, Figure 19 The processor 2101 in the communication device 2100 shown can execute the encoding and decoding method in the above method embodiment by calling the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 2103.

[0303] Specifically, Figure 21 The function / implementation process of the processing unit 1901 can be obtained through Figure 19The processor 2101 in the communication device 2100 shown calls computer execution instructions stored in memory 2103 to implement the function. Alternatively, Figure 21 The function / implementation process of the transmitting unit 1902 can be obtained through Figure 20 This is achieved through the communication interface 2104 in the communication device 2100 shown.

[0304] Specifically, Figure 21 The function / implementation process of the processing unit 2001 can be obtained through Figure 20 The processor 2101 in the communication device 2100 shown calls computer execution instructions stored in memory 2103 to implement the function. Alternatively, Figure 21 The function / implementation process of the receiving unit 2002 in the middle can be achieved through ​ This is achieved through the communication interface 2104 in the communication device 2100 shown.

[0305] Since the transmitting device 190 provided in this embodiment can execute the above-described encoding method, the technical effects it can obtain can be referred to the above-described method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. The receiving device 200 provided in this embodiment can execute the above-described decoding method, and the technical effects it can obtain can be referred to the above-described method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0306] It should be noted that one or more of the above modules or units can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of both. When any of the above modules or units are implemented by software, the software exists as computer program instructions and is stored in memory. The processor can be used to execute the program instructions and implement the above method flow. The processor can be built into a SoC (System-on-a-Chip) or ASIC, or it can be a separate semiconductor chip. In addition to the core that executes software instructions for computation or processing, the processor may further include necessary hardware accelerators, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or logic circuits that implement dedicated logic operations.

[0307] When the above modules or units are implemented in hardware, the hardware can be any one or any combination of a CPU, microprocessor, digital signal processing (DSP) chip, microcontroller unit (MCU), artificial intelligence processor, ASIC, SoC, FPGA, PLD, application-specific digital circuit, hardware accelerator, or non-integrated discrete device, which can run the necessary software or perform the above method flow independently of software.

[0308] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide a transmitting end device (e.g., the transmitting end device may be a chip or a chip system), which includes a processor for implementing the encoding method in any of the above method embodiments. In one possible design, the transmitting end device further includes a memory. The memory is used to store necessary program instructions and data, and the processor can call the program code stored in the memory to instruct the transmitting end device to execute the encoding method in any of the above method embodiments. Of course, the memory may not be in the transmitting end device. When the transmitting end device is a chip system, it may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices; embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0309] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide a receiving end device (e.g., the receiving end device may be a chip or a chip system), which includes a processor for implementing the decoding method in any of the above method embodiments. In one possible design, the receiving end device further includes a memory. The memory is used to store necessary program instructions and data, and the processor can call the program code stored in the memory to instruct the receiving end device to execute the decoding method in any of the above method embodiments. Of course, the memory may not be in the receiving end device. When the receiving end device is a chip system, it may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices; embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0310] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software programs, implementation can be, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product. This computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device containing one or more servers, data centers, etc., that can be integrated with the medium. The available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks, SSDs), etc.

[0311] Although this application has been described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, those skilled in the art, by reviewing the accompanying drawings, disclosure, and appended claims, will understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments in carrying out the claimed application. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the claims. While different dependent claims may recite certain measures, this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

Claims

1. A transmitting end device, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: a processing unit and a sending unit; the processing unit is configured to determine a first low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix according to a bit number n1 of first transmission bits, the first LDPC matrix corresponding to a fixed code length, and the bit number n1 of the first transmission bits corresponding to a coding rate of the first LDPC matrix; the processing unit is further configured to encode information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the first transmission bits, and the length of the first transmission bits being smaller than the code length corresponding to the first LDPC matrix; the sending unit is configured to send the first transmission bits.

2. The transmitter apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The bit number n1 of the first transmission bits corresponds to the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix, which comprises the following steps: if the n1 is smaller than N0, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N0 and smaller than N1, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N1 and smaller than N2, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 3 / 4; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N2 and smaller than N3, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 2 / 3; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N3 and smaller than or equal to N4, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2; if the n1 is greater than N4, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2; wherein the N0 is 324; the N1 is 468; the N2 is 648; the N3 is 972; and the N4 is 1932.

3. The transmitter apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The processing unit is further configured to encode information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the first transmission bits, which comprises the following steps: the processing unit is configured to encode the information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain a first codeword, the first codeword comprising the information bits and m check bits; the processing unit is configured to determine the first transmission bits from the first codeword according to the bit number n1 of the first transmission bits.

4. The transmitter apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The first transmission bits comprise part of the m check bits, or the first transmission bits comprise the m check bits, or the first transmission bits comprise part of the m check bits and part of the information bits, or the first transmission bits comprise the first codeword; or the bit number of the first transmission bits is zero.

5. The sending end device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein if the n1 is smaller than N0, the first transmission bits comprise the first n1 bits of the m check bits; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N0 and smaller than N1, the first transmission bits comprise the first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N1 and smaller than N2, the first transmission bits comprise the first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; ​ If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N2 and less than N3, the first transmission bits include the m check bits and the first (n1-m) bits of the information bits; If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N3 and less than or equal to N4, the first transmission bits include the m check bits and the first (n1-m) bits of the information bits; If the n1 is greater than N4, the first transmission bits include the information bits and the m check bits.

6. The transmitter apparatus of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The bit number n1 of the first transmission bits is a value determined according to a priority of the information bits, the information bits being one of N-layer bit sequences obtained by layering original information.

7. The transmitter apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The original information includes a plurality of bits; and the layering includes: the processing unit is configured to divide the plurality of bits into N-layer bit sequences according to priorities of the bits in the original information.

8. A receiving end device, characterized by, The processing unit and the receiving unit are included. The receiving unit is configured to receive first transmission bits. The processing unit is configured to determine a first low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix according to a bit number n1 of the first transmission bits, the first LDPC matrix corresponding to a fixed code length, the bit number n1 of the first transmission bits and an encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix having a corresponding relationship, and a length of the first transmission bits being less than the code length corresponding to the first LDPC matrix. The processing unit is further configured to decode the first transmission bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits. The bit number n1 of the first transmission bits and the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix have a corresponding relationship, including:

9. The receiving device of claim 8, wherein, If the n1 is less than N0, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6; If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N0 and less than N1, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6; If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N1 and less than N2, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 3 / 4; If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N2 and less than N3, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 2 / 3; If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N3 and less than or equal to N4, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2; If the n1 is greater than N4, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2; The N0 is 324; the N1 is 468; the N2 is 648; the N3 is 972; and the N4 is 1932. The processing unit is configured to decode the first transmission bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits, including:

10. The receiving device of claim 8 or 9, wherein, ​ The processing unit is configured to obtain a first codeword according to the first transmission bits and the first low-density parity check (LDPC) matrix corresponding to the number n1 of the first transmission bits; the first codeword includes the first transmission bits and other bits, and the other bits include other information bits and other check bits; the LLR value of the other information bits in the other bits is a first LLR value, and the LLR value of the other check bits in the other bits is 0. The processing unit is configured to decode the first codeword by using the first LDPC matrix to obtain the information bits.

11. The receiving device of claim 10, wherein, The first LLR value is a value determined according to the proportion information of 0 or 1 in the information bits.

12. An encoding method, characterized by, Comprise: A sending end device determines a first low-density parity check (LDPC) matrix according to the number n1 of first transmission bits; the code length corresponding to the first LDPC matrix is fixed; the number n1 of the first transmission bits has a corresponding relationship with the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix; and the length of the first transmission bits is less than the code length corresponding to the first LDPC matrix. The sending end device encodes information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the first transmission bits. The sending end device sends the first transmission bits.

13. The encoding method of claim 12, wherein, The number n1 of the first transmission bits has a corresponding relationship with the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix, comprising: If the n1 is less than N0, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6; If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N0 and less than N1, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6; If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N1 and less than N2, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 3 / 4; If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N2 and less than N3, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 2 / 3; If the n1 is greater than or equal to the N3 and less than or equal to N4, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2; If the n1 is greater than N4, the encoding code rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2; Wherein, the N0 is 324; the N1 is 468; the N2 is 648; the N3 is 972; and the N4 is 1932.

14. The encoding method of claim 13, wherein, The sending end device encodes information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain the first transmission bits, comprising: The sending end device encodes the information bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain a first codeword, and the first codeword includes the information bits and m check bits; The sending end device determines the first transmission bits from the first codeword according to the number n1 of the first transmission bits.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein, The first transmission bits include part of the m check bits, or the first transmission bits include the m check bits, or the first transmission bits include part of the m check bits and part of the information bits, or the first transmission bits include the first codeword; or the number of bits of the first transmission bits is zero.

16. The encoding method of claim 14 or 15, wherein, if the n1 is less than N0, the first transmission bits include first n1 bits of the m check bits; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N0 and less than N1, the first transmission bits include first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N1 and less than N2, the first transmission bits include first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N2 and less than N3, the first transmission bits include first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N3 and less than or equal to N4, the first transmission bits include first (n1-m) bits of the m check bits and the information bits; if the n1 is greater than N4, the first transmission bits include the information bits and the m check bits.

17. A decoding method, comprising: comprising: a receiving end device receiving first transmission bits; the receiving end device determining a first low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix according to a number n1 of bits of the first transmission bits, the first LDPC matrix corresponding to a fixed code length, the number n1 of bits of the first transmission bits and a coding rate of the first LDPC matrix having a corresponding relationship, and a length of the first transmission bits being less than the code length corresponding to the first LDPC matrix; the receiving end device decoding the first transmission bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits.

18. The decoding method of claim 17, wherein, the number n1 of bits of the first transmission bits and the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix having a corresponding relationship, comprising: if the n1 is less than N0, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N0 and less than N1, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 5 / 6; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N1 and less than N2, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 3 / 4; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N2 and less than N3, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 2 / 3; if the n1 is greater than or equal to the N3 and less than or equal to N4, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2; if the n1 is greater than N4, the coding rate of the first LDPC matrix is 1 / 2; wherein the N0 is 324; the N1 is 468; the N2 is 648; the N3 is 972; and the N4 is 1932.

19. The decoding method of claim 17 or 18, wherein, the receiving end device decoding the first transmission bits according to the first LDPC matrix to obtain information bits, comprising: The receiving end device obtains a first codeword according to the first transmission bit and the first low-density parity check (LDPC) matrix corresponding to the number n1 of bits of the first transmission bit; wherein the first codeword comprises the first transmission bit and other bits, the other bits comprising other information bits and other check bits; the LLR value of the other information bits in the other bits is a first LLR value, and the LLR value of the other check bits in the other bits is 0; The receiving end device decodes the first codeword by using the first LDPC matrix to obtain the information bits.

20. The decoding method of claim 19, wherein, The first LLR value is a value determined according to the proportion information of 0 or 1 in the information bits.

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