metal compound

Abstract

A metal compound for use in an electronic device having an organic light emitting device, the metal compound having a refractive index: n 620nm ≤ about 1.60; n 530nm ≤ about 1.65; and n 460nm ≤ about 1.68.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0153545, filed on November 26, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate generally to a low refractive index compound, and more particularly, to an electronic device and / or electronic apparatus including the same. BACKGROUND

[0003] An organic light emitting device is a self-emissive device having excellent properties in terms of a wide viewing angle, high contrast, short response time, and superior characteristics in luminance, driving voltage, and response speed, compared to devices in the related art.

[0004] An example of an organic light emitting device can include a first electrode on a substrate and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially positioned on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode can move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrode can move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers such as holes and electrons recombine in the emission layer to generate excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.

[0005] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for the understanding of the background of the present inventive concept, and, therefore, it can contain information that does not constitute the prior art. SUMMARY

[0006] Applicants have found that even when a cap layer is deposited on an electrode of an organic light emitting device using a compound having a high refractive index, the transmittance of light emitted from the inside of the organic light emitting device is not very good. In addition, light is absorbed by the electrode, resulting in a decrease in efficiency of the organic light emitting device.

[0007] The compound used in the electronic device and electronic apparatus constructed according to the principles and exemplary embodiments of the invention is a low refractive index compound used in, for example, a cap layer or an encapsulation layer of an organic light emitting device to improve external quantum efficiency.

[0008] Additional features of the inventive concept will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or can be learned by practice of the inventive concept.

[0009] According to one aspect of the invention, a metal compound used in an electronic apparatus having an organic light emitting device has a refractive index of n 620nm ≤ about 1.60; n 530nm ≤ about 1.65; and n 460nm≤ about 1.68.

[0010] The metal compound can be a compound of Formula 1:

[0011] Formula 1

[0012]

[0013] wherein, in Formula 1,

[0014] M can be a metal ion;

[0015] L1to L6may each independently of one another be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted C4-C 60 carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclyl, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -Si(Q1)(Q2)-, -N(Q1)-, -B(Q1)-, -P(Q1)-, -P(=O)(Q1)-, or -Ge(Q1)(Q2)-;

[0016] a1to a6may each independently of one another be 0, 1, 2, or 3;

[0017] R1to R6may each independently of one another be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -P(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2);

[0018] l, m, and n can each independently of one another be 0, 1, or 2; and

[0019] substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted C1-C 60 alkenyl, substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl, substituted C2-C 60 alkynylene, substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted C6-C 60 arylthio, substituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C4-C 60 carbocyclic group and substituted C1-C 60 at least one substituent in the heterocyclyl group can be:

[0020] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0021] each of which is independently substituted with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 ) and -P(=O)(Q 11 (Q) 12 C1-C of at least one of them 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 Alkoxy;

[0022] C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group;

[0023] Each of these groups can be optionally substituted independently with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, or C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q)21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 ) and -P(=O)(Q 21 (Q) 22 C3-C of at least one of them 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic; and

[0024] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0025] Among them, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q 11 Q 12 Q 13 Q 21 Q 22 Q 23 Q 31 Q 32 and Q 33 They can all be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, biphenyl group, or terphenyl group.

[0026] The variable M in Formula 1 can be an Al ion, an Ir ion, an Rh ion, an Mn ion, a Co ion, an Fe ion, a Ni ion, a Zr ion, an In ion, a Nb ion, a W ion, an Os ion, or a Bi ion.

[0027] The compound of Formula 1 can be a compound of Formula 2 below:

[0028] Formula 2

[0029]

[0030] wherein, in Formula 2, the variables are as defined herein.

[0031] The variables a11 to a13 can each independently of one another be 0 or 1; and the variables R 11 to R 13 may each independently of one another be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl.

[0032] The variables R 11 to R 13 may each independently of one another be a compound of Formula 2a to Formula 2d:

[0033]

[0034] wherein, in Formula 2a to Formula 2d, the variables are as defined herein.

[0035] The compound of Formula 2 can be Compound 1 to Compound 6 as defined herein.

[0036] The compound of Formula 1 can be a compound of Formula 3 below:

[0037] Formula 3

[0038]

[0039] wherein, in Formula 3, the variables are as defined herein.

[0040] The variables a21 to a29 can each independently of one another be 0 or 1; and the variables R 21 to R 29each independently of one another hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl.

[0041] the variable R 21 to R 29 each independently of one another hydrogen, deuterium, methyl or cyano.

[0042] The compound of Formula 3 can be a compound of Formula 7 to Formula 12 as defined herein.

[0043] The value of the S1 absorption energy level of the compound of Formula 1 can be about 3.15 eV or greater.

[0044] The metal compound of Formula 1 can be substantially symmetrical.

[0045] An electronic device can include a substrate; and an electronic device disposed on the substrate, wherein the electronic device can include a cap layer having a compound of Formula 1.

[0046] According to another aspect of the application, an electronic device includes:

[0047] a substrate;

[0048] an electronic device on the substrate; and

[0049] a member encapsulating the electronic device,

[0050] wherein the member includes a compound of Formula 2:

[0051] Formula 2

[0052]

[0053] wherein in Formula 2,

[0054] M is a metal ion;

[0055] L 11 to L 13 each independently of one another substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted C4-C 60 carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -P(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2); and

[0056] a11to a13are each independently of one another 0, 1, 2, or 3;

[0057] R 11 to R 13 are each independently of one another hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -P(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2); and

[0058] substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted C1-C 60 alkylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkynylene, substituted C1-C 60 alkynylene, substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted C6-C60 aryl, substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted C6-C 60 arylthio, substituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C4-C 60 carbocyclic group and substituted C1-C 60 at least one substituent in the heterocyclic group is:

[0059] deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0060] each of which is independently substituted with deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ) and -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0061] C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group;

[0062] Each of these groups can be optionally substituted independently with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, or C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 ) and -P(=O)(Q 21 (Q) 22 C3-C of at least one of them 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic; and

[0063] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q)31 ), -S(=0)2(Q 31 ) and -P(=0)(Q 31 )(Q 32 );

[0064] wherein Q1, Q2, Q3, Q 11 , Q 12 , Q 13 , Q 21 , Q 22 , Q 23 , Q 31 , Q 32 and Q 33 are each independently of the others hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, biphenyl group or terphenyl group.

[0065] The member can include a thin film.

[0066] The thin film can include a compound of Formula 2.

[0067] The electronic device can include an organic light emitting device, wherein the organic light emitting device can include: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer having an emission layer and disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0068] The first electrode can be an anode; the second electrode can be a cathode; the organic layer can further include: i) a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer and having a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof; and ii) an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode and having a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0069] The electronic device can further include a thin film transistor, wherein the thin film transistor can include a source electrode, a drain electrode, an active layer, and a gate electrode, and the first electrode of the organic light emitting device can be in electrical contact with one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

[0070] It will be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0071] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application.

[0072] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an electronic device constructed in accordance with the principles of the application.

[0073] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an organic light emitting device constructed in accordance with the principles of the application.

[0074] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of an organic light emitting device constructed in accordance with the principles of the application.

[0075] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another exemplary embodiment of an organic light emitting device constructed in accordance with the principles of the application.

[0076] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of still another exemplary embodiment of an organic light emitting device constructed in accordance with the principles of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various exemplary embodiments or implementations of the present application. As used herein, "embodiment" and "implementation" are interchangeable words to non- limiting examples of devices or methods that employ one or more inventive concepts disclosed herein. It will be apparent, however, that various exemplary embodiments can be practiced without these specific details, or with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the various exemplary embodiments. In addition, various exemplary embodiments can be different but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, specific shapes, configurations (arrangements), and features of an exemplary embodiment can be used or implemented in another exemplary embodiment without departing from the inventive concepts.

[0078] Unless otherwise stated, the exemplary embodiments shown are to be understood as providing exemplary features of variations of details in which the inventive concept can be practiced. Accordingly, unless otherwise stated, the features, components, modules, layers, films, panels, regions, and / or aspects, etc. (hereinafter, individually or collectively referred to as “elements”) of various embodiments can be additional combined, separated, interchanged, and / or rearranged without departing from the inventive concept.

[0079] The use of cross-hatching and / or shading in the drawings is generally provided to illustrate the boundaries and / or transitions of adjoining elements. As such, unless specified, the presence and / or absence of cross-hatching and / or shading is not intended to indicate or imply any preference or requirement for particular materials, material properties, dimensions, ratios, commonality of elements between illustrations, and / or any other characteristic, attribute, property, etc. Moreover, in the drawings, the size and relative sizes of elements can be exaggerated for clarity and / or descriptive purposes. When exemplary embodiments can be practiced differently, a specific sequence of processes can be performed in a different order than described. For example, two processes described consecutively can be performed at substantially the same time or in the reverse order as described. Further, like reference numerals indicate like elements. Identical or corresponding components will be designated by the same reference numerals, thus repetitive description thereof will be omitted to avoid redundancy.

[0080] When an element, layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on" another element, layer, film, region, or plate, it can be directly on the other element, layer, film, region, or plate or intervening elements, layers, films, regions, or plates can also be present. In contrast, when an element, layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "directly on" or "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" another element, layer, film, region, or plate, there are no intervening elements, layers, films, regions, or plates or intervening elements, layers, films, regions, or plates are not present. To this end, the term "connected" can refer to physical, electrical, and / or fluidic connection whether or not there are intervening elements. In addition, the D1 axis, the D2 axis, and the D3 axis are not limited to three axes of a rectangular coordinate system such as an x-axis, a y-axis, and a z-axis, but can be interpreted in a wider sense. For example, the D1 axis, the D2 axis, and the D3 axis can be perpendicular to each other, or can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other. For the purpose of the present disclosure, "at least one of X, Y, and Z" and "at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z" can be interpreted as any one of X, Y, and Z, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, such as, for example, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0081] Although the terms "first," "second," etc. can be used herein to describe various types of elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a second element without departing from the teachings of the disclosure.

[0082] Spatially relative terms, such as "beneath", "below", "lower", "under", "above", "upper", "on", "over", "higher", "side" (as in "sidewall"), and the like, can be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use, operation, and / or manufacture in addition to the orientations depicted in the figures. For example, if a device is inverted, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The devices can be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0083] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms "including", "includes", "containing", "contains", or "containing", "contains" or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and / or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" or "comprises" as an

[0084] Various exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional and / or exploded illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments and / or intermediate structures of the exemplary embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as being limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated and described herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result from, for example, manufacturing. In this manner, the regions illustrated in the figures can not have perfectly rectangular, square, circular, or other illustrated shapes.

[0085] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs as part of its conception. It will be appreciated that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0086] The metal compound according to some exemplary embodiments of the present application can be a metal compound having a refractive index of

[0087] n 620nm ≤ about 1.60

[0088] n 530nm ≤ about 1.65

[0089] n 460nm ≤ about 1.68

[0090] In some exemplary embodiments, the metal compound can be represented by the following Formula 1.

[0091] <Formula 1>

[0092]

[0093] In Formula 1,

[0094] M can be a metal ion,

[0095] L1 to L6 can each be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted C4-C 60 carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclyl, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -Si(Q1)(Q2)-, -N(Q1)-, -B(Q1)-, -P(Q1)-, -P(=O)(Q1)-, and -Ge(Q1)(Q2)-,

[0096] a1 to a6 can each be independently an integer of 0 to 3,

[0097] R1 to R6 can each be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aralkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -P(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), and -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0098] l, m, and n can each independently be an integer of 0 to 2, and

[0099] from substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted C1-C 60 alkylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkynyl, substituted C2-C 60 alkynylene, substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted C6-C 60 aralkylthio, substituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C4-C 60 carbocyclic group and substituted C1-C 60 at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of:

[0100] deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, and C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0101] each independently substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ), and -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 )C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, and C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0102] C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

[0103] each independently substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -C(=O)(Q 21 ), -S(=O)2(Q 21 ), and -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) selected from at least one of C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

[0104] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),

[0105] wherein Q1, Q2, Q3, Q 11 , Q 12 , Q 13 , Q 21 , Q 22 , Q 23 , Q 31 , Q 32 , and Q 33Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic, biphenyl and terphenyl.

[0106] In Equation 1, when a1 to a6 are 2 or greater, each of L1 to L6 can be the same as or different from each other.

[0107] Furthermore, in Equation 1, when l, m, and n are 2, each of R2, R4, and R6 can be the same as or different from each other.

[0108] When a compound having a structure of Formula 1 with a refractive index in the range of approximately 620 nm, approximately 530 nm and approximately 460 nm, according to some exemplary embodiments, is used in a cover layer or thin-film encapsulation portion of an electronic device, the external quantum efficiency is improved.

[0109] In Equation 1, the dashed line between O(oxygen) and O(oxygen) indicates that the bonds between oxygen-carbon-oxygen are conjugated.

[0110] Equation 1 can be represented by Equation 1-1.

[0111] <Formula 1-1>

[0112]

[0113] In Equation 1, when l, m, and n are 2, the bond between C and C becomes a double bond.

[0114] For example, when l in equation 1 is 2, Become Here, each R2 can be the same as or different from each other, and each L2 can be the same as or different from each other.

[0115] In some exemplary embodiments, M in Formula 1 may be selected from Al ions, Ir ions, Rh ions, Mn ions, Co ions, Fe ions, Ni ions, Zr ions, In ions, Nb ions, W ions, Os ions, and Bi ions. For example, M may be an Al ion, an Ir ion, or a Bi ion.

[0116] In some example embodiments, Formula 1 can be represented by Formula 2 below:

[0117] <Formula 2>

[0118]

[0119] Formula 2 can correspond to a case where each of l, m, and n in Formula 1 is 0.

[0120] In Formula 2, M is the same as described in connection with M in Formula 1, R 11 to R 13 is the same as described in connection with R1 in Formula 1, L 11 to L 13 is the same as described in connection with L1 in Formula 1, a11 to a13 are the same as described in connection with a1 in Formula 1.

[0121] In some example embodiments, a11 to a13 in Formula 2 can each independently be 0 or 1, R 11 to R 13 may each independently be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl.

[0122] In some example embodiments, R 11 to R 13 may each independently be selected from Formulae 2a to 2d:

[0123]

[0124] In Formulae 2a to 2d,

[0125] H1 can be O or S, and Z 11 to Z 20 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, pyrenyl, alkyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazoleyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, triazinyl, benzimidazolyl, and phenanthrolineyl

[0126] b11 can be an integer from 1 to 5, b17 can be an integer from 1 to 3, and * indicates a bonding site with an adjacent atom.

[0127] In some exemplary embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 2 may be selected from the following compounds.

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] In some exemplary embodiments, Equation 1 can be represented by Equation 3 below:

[0131] <Formula 3>

[0132]

[0133] Equation 3 can correspond to the case where each of l, m, and n in Equation 1 is 2.

[0134] In Equation 3, M is the same as the M described in Equation 1, R 21 To R 29 It is the same as R1 described in Associative Formula 1, and R 21 To R 29 Adjacent groups in L can optionally be linked to form a ring. 21 To L 29 As described by L1 in Formula 1, a21 to a29 are the same as described by a1 in Formula 1.

[0135] In some exemplary embodiments, a21 to a29 in Equation 3 can all be independently 0 or 1, R 21 To R 29 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl group.

[0136] In some exemplary embodiments, R in Equation 3 21 To R 29 Each can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, methyl, and cyano groups.

[0137] In some exemplary embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 3 may be selected from the following compounds.

[0138]

[0139] In some example embodiments, the value of the S1 absorption energy level of the compound represented by Formula 1 can be about 3.15 eV or more. When the value of the S1 absorption energy level is about 3.15 eV or more, absorption of visible light can be minimized, thus having little effect on efficiency reduction.

[0140] In some example embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 1 can be substantially symmetrical. The compound represented by Formula 1 has an octahedral structure, and thus, the polarizability is reduced, resulting in a reduction in the refractive index. When the compound of Formula 1 is substantially symmetrical, there is a tendency for the refractive index to be reduced.

[0141] Electronic device

[0142] An electronic device according to some example embodiments includes a substrate, and an electronic device on the substrate, wherein the electronic device can include a cap layer, and the cap layer can include a compound represented by Formula 1. In some example embodiments, the cap layer of the electronic device can include a compound of Formula 2 or Formula 3.

[0143] An electronic device according to some example embodiments includes a substrate, an electronic device on the substrate, and a packaging member packaging the electronic device,

[0144] wherein the packaging member can include a compound represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2:

[0145] <Formula 2>

[0146]

[0147] In Formula 2,

[0148] M can be a metal ion,

[0149] L 11 to L 13 may each be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynylene, substituted or unsubstituted C4-C 60 carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclyl, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -Si(Q1)(Q2)-, -N(Q1)-, -B(Q1)-, -P(Q1)-, -P(=O)(Q1)-, and -Ge(Q1)(Q2)-,

[0150] a11 to a13 can each independently be an integer from 0 to 3,

[0151] R 11 to R 13 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aralkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -P(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), and -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0152] from substituted C1-C 60 alkyl, substituted C1-C 60 alkylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkenylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkynylene, substituted C2-C 60 alkynylene, substituted C1-C 60 alkoxy, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted C6-C 60 aralkyl, substituted C1-C 60heteroaryl, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C4-C 60 carbocyclic group and substituted C1-C 60 at least one substituent in the heterocyclic group can be selected from:

[0153] deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0154] all of which are substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ) and -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 )C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0155] C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

[0156] each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 aralkyl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -C(=O)(Q 21 ), -S(=O)2(Q 21 ), and -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) selected from the group consisting of C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 aralkyl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

[0157] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q32 ),

[0158] wherein Q1, Q2, Q3, Q 11 , Q 12 , Q 13 , Q 21 , Q 22 , Q 23 , Q 31 , Q 32 and Q 33 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, biphenyl group, and terphenyl group.

[0159] In some example embodiments, the encapsulating member can include a thin film in the form of a thin film encapsulation portion of the encapsulating member. In some example embodiments, the thin film encapsulation portion can include a compound of Formula 1 or Formula 2.

[0160] In some example embodiments, the electronic device of the electronic device can be an organic light emitting device, wherein the organic light emitting device can include: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer.

[0161] In some example embodiments, the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, the organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including the emission layer can further include: i) a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and including a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof; and ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode and including a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0162] In some example embodiments, the emission layer can include a quantum dot.

[0163] In some exemplary embodiments, the electronic device can further include a thin film transistor which can include a source electrode, a drain electrode, an active layer, and a gate electrode, and the first electrode of the organic light emitting device can be electrically connected to one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

[0164] Figure 1 Description of Drawings

[0165] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an electronic device constructed according to the principles of the present invention.

[0166] Reference Signs Figure 1 The electronic device 50 includes a substrate 300, an organic light emitting device 400 (also referred to as an electronic device 400), and a thin film encapsulation portion 500. In some exemplary embodiments, the thin film encapsulation portion 500 can include a compound of Formula 1 or Formula 2. In some exemplary embodiments, a cap layer in the organic light emitting device 400 can include a compound of Formula 1.

[0167] Any substrate used in an organic light emitting display device can be used as the substrate 300, and the substrate 300 can be an inorganic substrate or an organic substrate each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface flatness, handleability, and water resistance.

[0168] For example, the substrate 300 can be an inorganic substrate made of a transparent glass material including SiO2 as a main component, but is not limited thereto.

[0169] As another example, the substrate 300 can be an organic substrate having insulating properties. The material of the organic substrate having insulating properties can be selected from polyether sulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC), and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), but is not limited thereto.

[0170] The electronic device 400 is located on the substrate 300. As described below, the electronic device 400 can include a first electrode, an intermediate layer including an emission layer, and a second electrode. The electronic device 400 can be an organic light emitting device, at least one exemplary embodiment of which is discussed below.

[0171] The electronic device 400 can include a cap layer, and the thin film encapsulation portion 500 can be located on the electronic device 400.

[0172] For example, the cap layer can include two or more layers by alternately using a material having a large refractive index and a material having a small refractive index. According to some exemplary embodiments, the material having a small refractive index can be a compound of Formula 1. When the cap layer includes a plurality of layers, constructive interference can occur, and thus, the external quantum efficiency can be further improved.

[0173] The thin film encapsulation 500 can include a compound of Formula 1 or Formula 2.

[0174] In some exemplary embodiments, the thin film encapsulation 500 can further include a metal, a metal halide, a metal nitride, a metal oxide, a metal oxynitride, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride.

[0175] In some exemplary embodiments, the thin film encapsulation 500 can further include an inorganic film, wherein the inorganic film can include a metal, a metal halide, a metal nitride, a metal oxide, a metal oxynitride, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride.

[0176] For example, the inorganic film in the thin film encapsulation 500 can include at least one of MgF2, LiF, AlF3, NaF, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxynitride, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, tantalum oxide, tantalum nitride, hafnium oxide, hafnium nitride, zirconium oxide, zirconium nitride, cerium oxide, cerium nitride, tin oxide, tin nitride, and magnesium oxide.

[0177] The inorganic film can be formed in a specific region by using one or more suitable methods selected from chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), sputtering, atomic layer deposition (ALD), thermal evaporation, etc. The number and thickness of the inorganic film can be appropriately selected in consideration of yield, device characteristics, etc.

[0178] In some exemplary embodiments, the electronic device 400 can be an organic light emitting device.

[0179] Figure 2 Description of Drawings

[0180] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of an organic light emitting device constructed according to the principles of the present invention.

[0181] The organic light emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190. Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light emitting device 10 and an exemplary method of manufacturing the organic light emitting device 10 according to some exemplary embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. 1. Figure 2

[0182] The first electrode 110

[0183] In Figure 2 ​In the meantime, the substrate can be additionally positioned under the first electrode 110 or over the second electrode 190. The substrate can be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface flatness, handleability, and water resistance.

[0184] The first electrode 110 can be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 can be selected from materials having a high work function to facilitate hole injection.

[0185] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 can be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto. In one or more exemplary embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 can be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), and any combination thereof, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0186] The first electrode 110 can have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 can have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

[0187] The organic layer 150

[0188] The organic layer 150 can be positioned on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 can include an emission layer.

[0189] The organic layer 150 can further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode 190.

[0190] The hole transport region in the organic layer 150

[0191] The hole transport region can have i) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single material, ii) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers composed of a plurality of different materials.

[0192] The hole transport region can include at least one layer selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer.

[0193] For example, the hole transport region can have a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layer structure having a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, in which, for each structure, the constituent layers are sequentially stacked in the order stated from the first electrode 110, but the structure of the hole transport region is not limited thereto.

[0194] In some example embodiments, the hole transport region can include at least one selected from 4,4',4"-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tris{N-(2-naphthyl)-N-(phenyl)amino}-triphenylamine (2-TNATA), 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (NPB or NPD), N4,N4'-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-N4,N4'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (β-NPB), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-spirobifluorene-2,7-diamine (Spiro-TPD), 2,7-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)anilino]-9,9'-spirobi[9H-fluorene] (Spiro-NPB), 2,2'-dimethyl-N,N'-di[(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl]-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (MethylnPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), and polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS):

[0195]

[0196]

[0197] The thickness of the hole transport region can be in the range of about 1 nm to about 1000 nm, about 1 nm to about 500 nm, about 1 nm to about 300 nm, about 1 nm to about 200 nm, about 1 nm to about 100 nm, about 1 nm to about 50 nm, about 1 nm to about 20 nm, about 1 nm to about 10 nm, about 1 nm to about 5 nm, about 1 nm to about 2 nm, about 2 nm to about 1000 nm, about 2 nm to about 500 nm, about 2 nm to about 300 nm, about 2 nm to about 200 nm, about 2 nm to about 100 nm, about 2 nm to about 50 nm, about 2 nm to about 20 nm, about 2 nm to about 10 nm, about 2 nm to about 5 nm, about 5 nm to about 1000 nm, about 5 nm to about 500 nm, about 5 nm to about 300 nm, about 5 nm to about 200 nm, about 5 nm to about 100 nm, about 5 nm to about 50 nm, about 5 nm to about 20 nm, about 5 nm to about 10 nm, about 10 nm to about 1000 nm, about 10 nm to about 500 nm, about 10 nm to about 300 nm, about 10 nm to about 200 nm, about 10 nm to about 100 nm, about 10 nm to about 50 nm, about 10 nm to about 20 nm, about 20 nm to about 1000 nm, about 20 nm to about 500 nm, about 20 nm to about 300 nm, about 20 nm to about 200 nm, about 20 nm to about 100 nm, about 20 nm to about 50 nm, about 50 nm to about 1000 nm, about 50 nm to about 500 nm, about 50 nm to about 300 nm, about 50 nm to about 200 nm, about 50 nm to about 100 nm, about 100 nm to about 1000 nm, about 100 nm to about 500 nm, about 100 nm to about 300 nm, about 100 nm to about 200 nm, about 200 nm to about 1000 nm, about 200 nm to about 500 nm, about 200 nm to about 300 nm, about 300 nm to about 1000 nm, about 300 nm to about 500 nm, about 500 nm to about 1000 nm, or about 1000 nm. ​(e.g., approximately to approximately ) and the thickness of the hole transport layer can be in the range of approximately to approximately (e.g., approximately to approximately ) and the thickness of the hole transport layer can be in the range of approximately to approximately (e.g., approximately to approximately ). When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are in these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0198] The emission auxiliary layer can improve the light emission efficiency by compensating for the optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted by the emission layer, and the electron blocking layer can block the flow of electrons from the electron transport region. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer can include materials as described above.

[0199] p-dopant

[0200] In addition to these materials, the hole transport region can further include a charge generating material for improving the electrical conductivity. The charge generating material can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region.

[0201] The charge generating material can be, for example, a p-dopant.

[0202] In some exemplary embodiments, the p-dopant can have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of approximately -3.5 eV or less.

[0203] The p-dopant can include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano-containing compound, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. In some exemplary embodiments, the p-dopant can include at least one selected from the following compounds:

[0204] a quinone derivative such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ);

[0205] a metal oxide such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide;

[0206] 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

[0207] a compound represented by the following Formula 221,

[0208] But the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0209]

[0210] <Formula 221>

[0211]

[0212] In Formula 221,

[0213] R 221 to R 223 may each independently be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein at least one selected from R 221 to R 223 may have at least one substituent selected from cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with -F, C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with -Cl, C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with -Br, and C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with -I.

[0214] The emission layer in the organic layer 150

[0215] When the organic light emitting device 10 is a full-color organic light emitting device, the emission layer can be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer according to a representative sub-pixel. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the emission layer can have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, wherein the two or more layers are in contact with each other or separated from each other. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the emission layer can include two or more materials selected from a red light emitting material, a green light emitting material, and a blue light emitting material, wherein the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0216] The emission layer can include a host and a dopant. The dopant can include at least one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and a fluorescent dopant.

[0217] In the emission layer, the amount of the dopant can range from approximately 0.01 parts by weight to approximately 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0218] The thickness of the emission layer can range from approximately 1 nm to approximately 100 nm. to approximately 50 nm. to approximately 50 nm. to approximately 50 nm. When the thickness of the emission layer is within this range, excellent light emitting properties can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0219] The emission layer can include a quantum dot.

[0220] The host in the emission layer

[0221] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the host can include a compound represented by the following Formula 301:

[0222] <Formula 301>

[0223] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 .

[0224] In Formula 301,

[0225] Ar 301 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C 60 carbocyclyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclyl,

[0226] xb11may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0227] L 301 may be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclyl,

[0228] xb1may be an integer of 0 to 5,

[0229] R 301It can be selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 Alkyne, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) and -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),

[0230] xb21 can be an integer from 1 to 5, and

[0231] Q 301 To Q 303 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0232] In some exemplary embodiments, Ar in Formula 301 301 It can be selected from:

[0233] Naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthyl, pyrene, alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, penfenyl, indanethenyl, dibenzofuranyl and dibenzothiophenyl; and

[0234] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 The following are selected from at least one of the following: naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthyl, pyreneyl, The compounds include alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, penfenyl, indanethenyl, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiophenyl, wherein Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0235] When xb11 in equation 301 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 301 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0236] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the compound represented by formula 301 may be represented by formula 301-1 or formula 301-2 below:

[0237] <Formula 301-1>

[0238]

[0239] <Formula 301-2>

[0240]

[0241] In Equations 301-1 and 301-2,

[0242] A 301 To A 304 All can be independently selected from benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, pyridine, pyrimidine, indene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene, indole, carbazole, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, furan, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, naphthofuran, benzonaphthofuran, dinaphthofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, naphthothiophene, benzonaphthothiophene and dinaphthothiophene,

[0243] X 301 may be O, S or N-[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ],

[0244] R 311 to R 314 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, Ci-C6alkyl, Ci-C6haloalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6haloalkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C2-C6haloalkynyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C3-C8halocycloalkyl, C4-C8cycloalkenyl, C4-C8halocycloalkenyl, C6-C10aryl, C6-C10haloaryl, C1-C6alkoxy, C1-C6haloalkoxy, C1-C6alkylthio, C1-C6haloalkylthio, C1-C6alkylsulfinyl, C1-C6haloalkylsulfinyl, C1-C6alkylsulfonyl, C1-C6haloalkylsulfonyl, C1-C6alkylamino, C1-C6haloalkylamino, C1-C6dialkylamino, C1-C6halodialkylamino, C1-C6alkylsulfonylamino, C1-C6haloalkylsulfonylamino, C1-C6alkylcarbonyl, C1-C6haloalkylcarbonyl, C1-C6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6haloalkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6alkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C6haloalkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C6dialkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C6halodialkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C6alkoxycarbonyloxy, C1-C6haloalkoxycarbonyloxy, C1-C6alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C6haloalkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C6alkylcarbonylamino, C1-C6haloalkylcarbonylamino, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, -Si(Q 20 )(Q 20 )(Q 31 ), -N(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 32 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 31 ),

[0245] xb22and xb23may each independently be 0, 1 or 2,

[0246] L 31 , xb1, R 32 and Q 301 to Q 301 may each be understood by reference to the description given above, L 31 to L 33 may each be understood by reference to the description given above for L 302 , 304 301

[0247] xb2to xb4may each be understood by reference to the description given above for xb1, and

[0248] R 302 to R 304 may each be understood by reference to the description given above for R 301 .

[0249] For example, L 301 to L​​304 Each can be independently selected from:

[0250] Phenylidene, naphthylene, fluorene, spirodifluorene, benzo[a]fluorene, dibenzo[a]fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorenylanethyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, phenanthrene Perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl Pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenanthrenediyl, acridineyl, phenanthrene-rheinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazoleyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and zazacarbazolyl; and

[0251] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, pyrene, Peryl, pentylenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridinyl, imidazole, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl Azinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazolyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31-S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 The following are selected from at least one of the following: phenylene, naphthylene, fluorene, spirodifluorene, benzo[9,10]fluorene, dibenzo[9,10]fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthracene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, etc. Perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl , pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenanthreneridinyl, acridineyl, phenanthrene-pyridinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazoleyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and zazacarbazolyl,

[0252] Among them, Q 31 To Q 33 Same as described above.

[0253] In some exemplary embodiments, R in formulas 301, 301-1, and 301-2 301 To R 304 Each can be independently selected from:

[0254] Phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrene Peryl, pentylenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl Pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl; and

[0255] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, pyrene, Peryl, pentylenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridinyl, imidazole, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl Azinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazolyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 The following are selected from at least one of the following: phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthraceneyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyreneyl, Peryl, pentylenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl Pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl.

[0256] Among them, Q 31 To Q 33The same as described above.

[0257] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the host can include an alkaline earth metal complex. For example, the host can be selected from a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, and a Zn complex.

[0258] The host can include at least one selected from 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tris(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and compounds H1 to H55 below, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0259]

[0260]

[0261]

[0262] Phosphorescent dopant included in an emission layer in the organic layer 150

[0263] The phosphorescent dopant can include an organometallic complex represented by the following formula 401:

[0264] <Formula 401>

[0265] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0266] <Formula 402>

[0267]

[0268] In formula 401 and formula 402,

[0269] M can be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

[0270] L 401 may be selected from ligands represented by formula 402, xc1may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein, when xc1is 2 or more, two or more L 401 may be the same as or different from each other,

[0271] L402 may be an organic ligand, xc2may be an integer from 0 to 4, wherein, when xc2is 2 or more, two or more L 402 may be identical or different from each other,

[0272] X 401 to X 404 may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

[0273] X 401 and X 403 may be connected to each other via a single bond or a double bond, X 402 and X 404 may be connected to each other via a single bond or a double bond,

[0274] A 401 and A 402 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of C4-C 60 carbocyclyl or C1-C 60 heterocyclyl,

[0275] X 405 may be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q 411 )-*', *-C(Q 411 )(Q 412 )-*', *-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*', *-C(Q 411 )=*' or =C=*, wherein Q 411 and Q 412 may be hydrogen, deuterium, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl or naphthyl,

[0276] X 406 may be a single bond, O or S,

[0277] R 401 and R 402 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 ), -N(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -B(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -C(=O)(Q 401 ), -S(=O)2(Q 401 ), and -P(=O)(Q 401 )(Q 402 , Q 401 to Q 403 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of C1-C 10 alkyl, C1-C 10 alkoxy, C6-C 20 aryl, and C1-C 20 heteroaryl,

[0278] xc11and xc12may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10, and

[0279] * and *' in the formula 402 each represent a bonding site to M in the formula 401.

[0280] In some exemplary embodiments, A 401 and A 402 in the formula 402 can each independently be selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, indene, pyrrole, thiophene, furan, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzoquinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, carbazole, benzimidazole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, benzoxazole, isobenzoxazole, triazole, tetrazole, oxadiazole, triazine, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene.

[0281] In one or more exemplary embodiments, in the formula 402, i) X 401 may be nitrogen, X 402 may be carbon, or ii) each of X 401 and X 402 may be nitrogen.

[0282] In one or more exemplary embodiments, R 401 and R 402 in the formula 402 can each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

[0283] hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, phenyl, naphthyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl and norbornenyl; 20 alkyl and C1-C 20 alkoxy;

[0284] C1-C 20 alkyl and C1-C 20 alkoxy;

[0285] cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl and dibenzothiophenyl;

[0286] C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl and dibenzothiophenyl;

[0287] -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 ), -N(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -B(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -C(=O)(Q 401 ), -S(=O)2(Q 401 ) and -P(=O)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ),

[0288] wherein Q 401 to Q 403 may each independently be selected from C1-C 10 alkyl, C1-C10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, and naphthyl groups, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0289] In one or more exemplary embodiments, when xc1 in equation 401 is 2 or greater, two or more L 401 The two A's in 401 Optionally via X as a linker 407 Connected to each other, or two or more L 401 The two A's in 402 Optionally via X as a linker 408 They are interconnected (see compounds PD1 through PD4 and PD7). X 407 and X 408 They can all be independent single bonds, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q) 413 )-*'、*-C(Q 413 (Q) 414 )-*' or *-C(Q 413 )=C(Q 414 )-*'(where Q 413 and Q 414 They can all be independently hydrogen, deuterium, or C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, or naphthyl), but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0290] L in Equation 401 402 It can be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. For example, L... 402 It may be selected from halogens, diketones (e.g., acetylacetone (compound)), carboxylic acids (e.g., pyridinecarboxylic acid (salt)), -C (=O), isonitriles, -CN and phosphorus (e.g., phosphine or phosphorous acid (salt)), but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0291] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may be selected from, for example, compounds PD1 to PD25 listed below, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0292]

[0293]

[0294] Fluorescent dopants in the emission layer

[0295] Fluorescent dopants may include arylamine compounds or styreneamine compounds. Fluorescent dopants may include compounds represented by the following formula 501:

[0296] <Formula 501>

[0297]

[0298] In Formula 501,

[0299] Ar 501 may be substituted or unsubstituted C4-C 60 carbocyclyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclyl,

[0300] L 501 to L 503 may each independently be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0301] xd1 to xd3 can each independently be an integer of 0 to 3,

[0302] R 501 and R 502 may each independently be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and

[0303] xd4 can be an integer of 1 to 6.

[0304] In some exemplary embodiments, Ar 501 may be selected from:

[0305] Naphthyl, heptalenyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthraceneyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthyl, pyrene, alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, penfenyl, indoxanel, and indoxphenanthryl; and

[0306] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 At least one of alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl, naphthyl, heptalenyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[1]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthyl, pyrene, It includes alkyl, tetraphenyl, styrene, peryl, penfenyl, indanethenyl, and indanephenyl.

[0307] In one or more exemplary embodiments, L in Formula 501 501 To L 503 Each can be independently selected from:

[0308] Phenylidene, naphthylene, fluorene, spirodifluorene, benzo[a]fluorene, dibenzo[a]fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorenylanethyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, phenanthrene alkyl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazoyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazoyl, dibenzocarbazoyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridylene; and

[0309] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, pyrene, The following are selected from at least one of the following groups: phenylene, perylene, pentofenyl, nehexaphenyl, nepentylphenyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, carbazoleyl, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazoleyl, dibenzocarbazoleyl, dibenzothiophenolyl, and pyridyl; phenylene, naphthylene, fluoreneylene, spirodifluoreneyl, benzo[9,10]fluoreneyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluoreneyl, phenanthreneyl, anthraceneylene, fluorenyleneyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthreneyl, pyreneyleneyl, etc. The compounds are: alkyl, perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazoyl, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazoyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridylene.

[0310] In one or more exemplary embodiments, R in Formula 501 501 and R 502 Each can be independently selected from:

[0311] Phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrene alkyl, peryl, pentyranyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, and pyridyl; and

[0312] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, pyrene, alkyl, peryl, pentyranyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridyl and -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 The following are selected from at least one of the following: phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthraceneyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyreneyl, The following groups are listed: alkyl, peryl, pentyranyl, benzohexaphenyl, benzopentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazoleyl, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazoleyl, dibenzocarbazoleyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridyl.

[0313] Among them, Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0314] In one or more exemplary embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 can be 2, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0315] For example, the fluorescent dopant can be selected from the following compounds FD1 to FD22:

[0316]

[0317]

[0318]

[0319] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the fluorescent dopant can be selected from the following compounds, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0320]

[0321] Quantum dots in the emission layer

[0322] The compound of Group IV-VI can be selected from binary compounds selected from SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and any mixture thereof; ternary compounds selected from SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and any mixture thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and any mixture thereof. The Group IV element can be selected from Si, Ge, and any mixture thereof. The Group IV compound can be a binary compound selected from SiC, SiGe, and any mixture thereof.

[0323] The binary compound, the ternary compound, or the quaternary compound can be located in the particle at a uniform concentration, or can be located in the same particle in a state in which the concentration distribution is partially different. In addition, the binary compound, the ternary compound, or the quaternary compound can have a core-shell structure in which one quantum dot surrounds another quantum dot. The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of atoms in the shell decreases toward the center.

[0324] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the quantum dot can have a core-shell structure including a core having the above-described nanoparticle and a shell surrounding the core. The shell of the quantum dot can serve as a protective layer for maintaining a semiconductor property by preventing chemical degeneration of the core and / or can serve as a charged layer for imparting an electrophoretic property to the quantum dot. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. An interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient in which a concentration of atoms in the shell decreases toward the center. Examples of the shell of the quantum dot can include a metal or nonmetal oxide, a semiconductor compound, or any combination thereof.

[0325] For example, examples of the metal or nonmetal oxide are binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, or NiO, or ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0326] In addition, examples of the semiconductor compound are CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, etc., but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0327] The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of the quantum dot can be about 45 nm or less, for example, about 40 nm or less, for example, about 30 nm or less. In addition, light emitted by such a quantum dot is irradiated omnidirectionally, thereby improving a wide viewing angle.

[0328] In addition, the shape of the quantum dot is not particularly limited to a shape commonly used in the art, but more specifically, a nanoparticle, a nanotube, a nanowire, a nanofiber, or a nanoplatelet particle of a substantially spherical shape, a substantially pyramidal shape, a substantially multi-arm shape, or a substantially cubic shape can be used.

[0329] The quantum dot can adjust the color of emitted light according to the particle size. Accordingly, the quantum dot can have various emission colors such as blue, red, or green.

[0330] Electron transport region in organic layer 150

[0331] The electron transport region can have: i) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a single material; ii) a single layer structure composed of a single layer composed of a plurality of different materials; or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers composed of a plurality of different materials.

[0332] The electron transport region can include at least one selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0333] For example, the electron transport region can have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, in which, for each structure, the constituent layers are sequentially stacked from the emission layer in the order stated. However, exemplary embodiments of the structure of the electron transport region are not limited thereto.

[0334] The electron transport region (e.g., a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region) can include a metal-free compound including at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing ring.

[0335] The "π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing ring" means a C1-C 60 heterocyclyl.

[0336] For example, the "π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing ring" can be: i) a 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *-N=* portion; ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at least one *-N=* portion are condensed with each other; or iii) a heteropolycyclic group in which at least one of 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at least one *-N=* portion is condensed with at least one C4-C 60 heterocyclyl.

[0337] Examples of the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing ring include imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indazole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthylidine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, phenanthridine, acridine, phenanthroline, phenoxazine, benzimidazole, isobenzothiazole, benzoxazole, isobenzoxazole, triazole, tetrazole, oxadiazole, triazine, thiazole, imidazopyridine, imidazopyrimidine, and azacarbazole, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0338] For example, the electron transport region can include a compound represented by the following formula 601:

[0339] < Formula 601 >

[0340] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 .

[0341] In formula 601,

[0342] Ar 601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C 60 carbocyclyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclyl,

[0343] xe11may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0344] L 601 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, a substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0345] xe1may be an integer of 0 to 5,

[0346] R 601 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603), -C(=O)(Q 601 ), -S(=O)2(Q 601 ), and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0347] Q 601 to Q 603 may each independently be C1-C 10 alkyl, C1-C 10 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, or naphthyl, and

[0348] xe21may be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0349] In some example embodiments, at least one of the xe11number of Ar 601 and the xe21number of R 601 may include a π-electron poor nitrogen-containing ring as described above.

[0350] In some example embodiments, Ar 601 in formula 601may be selected from:

[0351] phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzo fluorenyl, dibenzo fluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, phenalene, indanthryl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, carbazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoquinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthylidinyl, quinoxalyl, quinazolyl, cinnolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenoxazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl; and

[0352] each of which is substituted with from one to three groups independently selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32The following are selected from at least one of the following: phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthyl, pyreneyl, The following groups are listed: alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, penfenyl, indoxanthracene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, carbazoyl, imidazoyl, pyrazolyl, thiazoyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indazole, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, phenanthridine, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazoyl, benzooxazolyl, isobenzooxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazoyl.

[0353] Among them, Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0354] When xe11 in equation 601 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0355] In one or more exemplary embodiments, Ar in Formula 601 601 It can be anthracene-based.

[0356] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the compound represented by formula 601 may be represented by the following formula 601-1:

[0357] <Formula 601-1>

[0358]

[0359] In Equation 601-1,

[0360] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), and from X 614 To X 616 At least one of the selected options can be N.

[0361] L 611 To L 613 All can be referenced and combined with L 601 To understand using the provided description,

[0362] xe611 to xe613 can all be understood by referring to and combining the description given in xe1.

[0363] R 611 To R 613 All can be referenced and combined with R 601 The provided description is used to understand, and

[0364] R 614 To R 616 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0365] In some exemplary embodiments, L in Formula 601 601 L in Equation 601-1 611 To L 613 Each can be independently selected from:

[0366] Phenylidene, naphthylene, fluorene, spirodifluorene, benzo[a]fluorene, dibenzo[a]fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorenylanethyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, phenanthrene Perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl Pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenanthrenediyl, acridineyl, phenanthrene-rheinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazoleyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and zazacarbazolyl; and

[0367] All of them are independently substituted with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, pyrene, phenylene, naphthylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluoranthenylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene, perylenylene, pentaphenylene, hexa-phenylene, pentaphenylene, hexa-phenylene, thienylene, furanylene, carbazolylene, indolylene, isoindolylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothiophenylene, benzocarbazolylene, dibenzocarbazolylene, dibenzospiro-olylene, pyridinylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, thiadiazolylene, oxadiazolylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyridazinylene, triazinylene, quinolinylene, isoquinolinylene, benzoquinolinylene, phthalazinylene, naphthyridinylene, quinoxalinylene, quinazolinylene, cinnolinylene, phenanthridinylene, acridinylene, phenanthrolinylene, phenazinylene, benzoimidazolylene, iso-benzothiazolylene, benzoxazolylene, iso-benzoxazolylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, imidazopyridinylene, imidazopyrimidinylene, and azacarbazolylene, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. phenylene, naphthylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluoranthenylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene, perylenylene, pentaphenylene, hexa-phenylene, pentaphenylene, hexa-phenylene, thienylene, furanylene, carbazolylene, indolylene, isoindolylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothiophenylene, benzocarbazolylene, dibenzocarbazolylene, dibenzospiro-olylene, pyridinylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, thiadiazolylene, oxadiazolylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyridazinylene, triazinylene, quinolinylene, isoquinolinylene, benzoquinolinylene, phthalazinylene, naphthyridinylene, quinoxalinylene, quinazolinylene, cinnolinylene, phenanthridinylene, acridinylene, phenanthrolinylene, phenazinylene, benzoimidazolylene, iso-benzothiazolylene, benzoxazolylene, iso-benzoxazolylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, imidazopyridinylene, imidazopyrimidinylene, and azacarbazolylene, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0368] In one or more exemplary embodiments, xe1 in Formula 601 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601-1 can each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0369] In one or more exemplary embodiments, R 601 and R 611 to R 613 may each independently be selected from:

[0370] phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzo-fluorenyl, dibenzo-fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzo fluorenyl, dibenzo fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl,

[0371] substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C20 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzo fluorenyl, dibenzo fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzo fluorenyl, dibenzo fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, phenyl, perylenyl, pentaphenyl, hexacenyl, pentacenyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothiazolyl, pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenoxazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl; and

[0372] -S(=O)2(Q 601 ) and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0373] wherein Q 601 and Q 602 are the same as described above.

[0374] The electron transport region can include at least one compound selected from the following compounds ET1 to ET36, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto:

[0375]

[0376]

[0377]

[0378]

[0379] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the electron transport region can include at least one selected from 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), bis(8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline)-(4-phenylphenoxy)aluminum (BAlq), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and 4-naphthalen-1-yl-3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ):

[0380]

[0381] In some exemplary embodiments, the electron transport region may include a phosphine oxide-containing compound (e.g., diphenyl[4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl]phosphine oxide (TSPO1) used in the examples below, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. In some exemplary embodiments, the phosphine oxide-containing compound may be used in a hole-blocking layer in the electron transport region, but the exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0382] The thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, and electronic control layer can be approximately up to approximately (for example, approximately) up to approximately Within these ranges, when the thicknesses of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, and electronic control layer are within these ranges, the electron transport region can have excellent hole blocking characteristics or electronic control features without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0383] The thickness of the electron transport layer can be approximately up to approximately (for example, approximately) up to approximately When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the above range, the electron transport layer can have satisfactory electron transport characteristics without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0384] In addition to the materials described above, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may also include metallic materials.

[0385] The metal-containing material may include at least one selected from alkali metal complexes and alkaline earth metal complexes. Alkali metal complexes may include metal ions selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs ions, while alkaline earth metal complexes may include metal ions selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba ions. The ligand coordinated to the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or alkaline earth metal complex may be selected from hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0386] For example, metallic materials may include Li complexes. Li complexes may include, for example, the following compounds: ET-D1 (lithium hydroxyquinoline, LiQ) or ET-D2:

[0387]

[0388] The electron transport region can include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer can be in direct contact with the second electrode 190.

[0389] The electron injection layer can have: i) a single layer structure, consisting of a single layer, the single layer consisting of a single material; ii) a single layer structure, consisting of a single layer, the single layer consisting of a plurality of different materials; or iii) a multi-layer structure, having a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers consisting of a plurality of different materials.

[0390] The electron injection layer can include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0391] The alkali metal can be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In some example embodiments, the alkali metal can be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more example embodiments, the alkali metal can be Li or Cs, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0392] The alkaline earth metal can be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

[0393] The rare earth metal can be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Gd.

[0394] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound can be selected from oxides and halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal.

[0395] The alkali metal compound can be selected from alkali metal oxides such as Li2O, Cs2O, or K2O and alkali metal halides such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI. In some example embodiments, the alkali metal compound can be selected from LiF, Li2O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0396] The alkaline earth metal compound can be selected from alkaline earth metal oxides such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (0 < x < 1) or Ba x Ca 1-x O (0 < x < 1). In some example embodiments, the alkaline earth metal compound can be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0397] The rare earth metal compound can be selected from YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, and TbF3. In some exemplary embodiments, the rare earth metal compound can be selected from YbF3, ScF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, and TbI3, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0398] The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex can include ions of the alkali metal, ions of the alkaline earth metal, and ions of the rare earth metal as described above, and the ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex, or the metal ion of the rare earth metal complex can be selected from hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0399] The electron injection layer can be composed of or include the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof, as described above. In one or more exemplary embodiments, the electron injection layer can further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

[0400] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be in the range of about 0.1 nm to about 10 nm, about 0.5 nm to about 5 nm, or about 1 nm to about 3 nm. to about 10 nm, about 0.5 nm to about 5 nm, or about 1 nm to about 3 nm. (e.g., about 0.1 nm to about 10 nm, about 0.5 nm to about 5 nm, or about 1 nm to about 3 nm). to about 10 nm, about 0.5 nm to about 5 nm, or about 1 nm to about 3 nm. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is in this range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0401] The second electrode 190

[0402] The second electrode 190 is located on the organic layer 150 having such a structure. The second electrode 190 can be a cathode as an electron injection electrode, in which case the material used to form the second electrode 190 can be selected from metals, alloys, conductive compounds, and combinations thereof having a relatively low work function.

[0403] The second electrode 190 can include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ITO, and IZO, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 can be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0404] The second electrode 190 can have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers.

[0405] Figures 3 to 5 Description of the Drawings

[0406] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of the organic light emitting device according to the present application; Figure 5 FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of still another exemplary embodiment of the organic light emitting device according to the present application;

[0407] Figure 3 The organic light emitting device 20 of FIG. 1 has a structure in which the first cover layer 210, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, and the second electrode 190 are sequentially stacked in that stated order, Figure 4 The organic light emitting device 30 of FIG. 2 has a structure in which the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, the second electrode 190, and the second cover layer 220 are sequentially stacked in that stated order, Figure 5 The organic light emitting device 40 of FIG. 3 has a structure in which the first cover layer 210, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, the second electrode 190, and the second cover layer 220 are sequentially stacked in that stated order.

[0408] With regard to the organic light emitting device 30 of FIG. 2, Figures 3 to 5 The first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, and the second electrode 190 can be understood by referring to the description given in connection with Figure 2

[0409] In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light emitting device 20 and the organic light emitting device 40, light generated in an emission layer can pass toward the outside through the first electrode 110 and the first cover layer 210, wherein the first electrode 110 can be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode. In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light emitting device 30 and the organic light emitting device 40, light generated in an emission layer can pass toward the outside through the second electrode 190 and the second cover layer 220, wherein the second electrode 190 can be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode.

[0410] ​The first cap layer 210 and the second cap layer 220 can improve external light emission efficiency according to the principle of constructive interference. The first cap layer 210 and the second cap layer 220 can each independently be an organic cap layer including an organic material, an inorganic cap layer including an inorganic material, or a composite cap layer including an organic material and an inorganic material. The organic cap layer can include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylenesulfonate, polyformaldehyde, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, an acryl-based resin (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, or the like), or any combination thereof.

[0411] At least one of the first cap layer 210 and the second cap layer 220 can include a metal compound having a refractive index according to some exemplary embodiments. In some exemplary embodiments, at least one selected from the first cap layer 210 and the second cap layer 220 can each independently include a compound represented by Formula 201 or a compound represented by Formula 202.

[0412] In one or more exemplary embodiments, at least one selected from the first cap layer 210 and the second cap layer 220 can each independently include a compound selected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compounds CP1 to CP5 below, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0413]

[0414] In the foregoing, an organic light emitting device according to exemplary embodiments has been described, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. Figures 2 to 5 An organic light emitting device according to exemplary embodiments has been described, but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0415] The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region can be formed in specific regions by using one or more suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0416] When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, vacuum deposition can be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100°C to about 500°C, a vacuum degree of about 10 -8 tor to about 10 -3 tor, and a deposition rate of about to about .

[0417] When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the layer constituting the electron transport region are formed by spin coating, spin coating can be performed at a coating speed of about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80 °C to about 200 °C, by considering the materials included in the layer to be formed and the structure of the layer to be formed.

[0418] The organic light emitting device as described above can be included in various other apparatuses. Accordingly, another embodiment of the present invention provides another apparatus including the organic light emitting device 10.

[0419] The apparatus can further include a thin film transistor in addition to the organic light emitting device 10. The thin film transistor can include a source electrode, an active layer, a drain electrode, and a gate electrode, wherein the first electrode 110 of the organic light emitting device 10 can be electrically connected with one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin film transistor.

[0420] The apparatus can be, for example, a light emitting apparatus, an authentication apparatus, or an electronic apparatus, but exemplary embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0421] General definitions of substituents

[0422] The term "C1-C 60 alkyl" as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent radical having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms, examples of which include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, and hexyl. The term "C1-C 60 alkylene" as used herein refers to a divalent radical having the same structure as a C1-C 60 alkyl group.

[0423] The term "C2-C 60 alkenyl" as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at an intermediate or terminal position of a C2-C 60 alkyl group. Examples of which include ethenyl, propenyl, and butenyl. The term "C2-C 60 alkenylene" as used herein refers to a divalent radical having the same structure as a C2-C 60 alkenyl group.

[0424] The term "C2-C 60 alkynyl" as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at an intermediate or terminal position of a C2-C 60 alkyl group. Examples of which include ethynyl and propynyl. The term "C2-C 60 alkynylene" as used herein refers to a divalent radical having the same structure as a C2-C 60 alkynyl group.

[0425] The term "C1-C60 Alkoxy" refers to a divalent radical of the formula -OA 101 (wherein, A 101 is a C1-C 60 alkyl) represents a monovalent radical, examples of which include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropoxy.

[0426] The term "C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic radical having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, examples of which include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. The term "C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene" refers to a divalent radical having a structure corresponding to C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl.

[0427] The term "C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic radical having from N, O, Si, P, and S, selected at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom, and from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, examples of which include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothiophenyl. The term "C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkylene" refers to a divalent radical having a structure corresponding to C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl.

[0428] The term "C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent monocyclic radical having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms in its ring and at least one carbon-carbon double bond and no aromaticity, examples of which include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl. The term "C3-C 10 Cycloalkenylene" refers to a divalent radical having a structure corresponding to C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl.

[0429] The term "C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent monocyclic radical having from N, O, Si, P, and S, selected at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom, from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl. The term "C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene" refers to a divalent radical having a structure corresponding to C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl.

[0430] The term "C6-C 60"Aryl" means a monovalent radical of a carbocyclic aromatic ring system including 6 to 60 carbon atoms. The term "C6-C 60 "Arylene" means a divalent radical of a carbocyclic aromatic ring system including 6 to 60 carbon atoms. C6-C 60 Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, and C6-C 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 When aryl and C6-C

[0431] The term "C1-C 60 "Heteroaryl" means a monovalent radical of a heterocyclic aromatic ring system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term "C1-C 60 "Heteroarylene" means a divalent radical of a heterocyclic aromatic ring system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. C1-C 60 Non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, and isoquinolinyl. When C1-C 60 Heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When heteroaryl and C1-C

[0432] The term "C6-C 60 "Aryloxy" means -OA 102 (wherein A 102 is C6-C 60 Aryl), the term "C6-C 60 "Arylthio" means -SA 103 (wherein A 103 is C6-C 60 Aryl).

[0433] The term "monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group" as used herein means a monovalent radical having two or more rings fused to each other, only carbon atoms (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. A detailed example of monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is fluorenyl. The term "divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group" as used herein means a divalent radical having a structure corresponding to the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

[0434] The term "monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused to each other, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms), and not having aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. An example of a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term "divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as that of a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0435] The term "C4-C 60 carbocyclic group" refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic group having 4 to 60 carbon atoms in which the ring-forming atoms are only carbon atoms. The term "C4-C 60 carbocyclic group" refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. The C4-C 60 carbocyclic group can be a ring (such as benzene), a monovalent group (such as phenyl), or a divalent group (such as phenylene). In one or more exemplary embodiments, depending on the number of substituents attached to the C4-C 60 carbocyclic group, the C4-C 60 carbocyclic group can be a trivalent group or a tetravalent group.

[0436] The term "C1-C 60 heterocyclic group" refers to a group having the corresponding structure to a C4-C 60 carbocyclic group except that at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S is used as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon (the number of carbon atoms can range from 1 to 60).

[0437] The terms "hydrogen", "deuterium", "fluorine", "chlorine", "bromine", and "iodine" refer to their respective atoms and corresponding radicals.

[0438] The term "metal compound" can mean a compound containing one or more metal elements bonded to another element.

[0439] As used herein, a substituent of a monovalent group (e.g., an alkyl group) can also be independently a substituent of a corresponding divalent group (e.g., an alkylene group).

[0440] In exemplary embodiments, a substituted C4-C 60 carbocyclic group, a substituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group, a substituted C1-C 60 alkylene group, a substituted C2-C 60 alkenylene group, a substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted C3-C10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted C1-C 60 Hybrid aryl, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group, substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkyne group, substituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy, substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted C6-C 60 aryloxy groups, substituted C6-C 60 Arylthioyl, substituted C1-C 60 At least one of the following substituents can be: heteroaryl, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group.

[0441] Deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 Alkoxy;

[0442] Each group is independently substituted with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, or C3-C. 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11-S(=O)2(Q) 11 ) and -P(=O)(Q 11 (Q) 12 C1-C of at least one of them 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 Alkoxy;

[0443] Each of these groups can be optionally substituted independently with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, or C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic group, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 ) and -P(=O)(Q 21 (Q) 22 C3-C of at least one of them 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heterocyclic; and

[0444] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31)(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),

[0445] wherein Q 11 through Q 13 , Q 21 through Q 23 , and Q 31 through Q 33 may each independently of one another be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, C1-C 60 alkyl substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, and cyano, C6-C 60 aryl substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, and cyano, biphenyl, and terphenyl.

[0446] The term "Ph" as used herein means phenyl, the term "Me" as used herein means methyl, the term "Et" as used herein means ethyl, the term "ter-Bu" or "Bu t " as used herein means tert-butyl, and the term "OMe" as used herein means methoxy.

[0447] The term "biphenyl" as used herein means "phenyl substituted with phenyl". In other words, "biphenyl" is a "substituted phenyl" having "C6-C 60 aryl" as a substituent.

[0448] The term "terphenyl" as used herein means "phenyl substituted with biphenyl". In other words, "terphenyl" is a "substituted phenyl" having "C6-C 60 aryl substituted with C6-C 60 aryl" as a substituent.

[0449] Unless otherwise defined, * and *' as used herein refer to the binding site with the adjacent atom in the corresponding expression.

[0450] Example

[0451] Refractive index simulation of compounds

[0452] The refractive indices of compounds 1 through 12, compound A, and compound B were calculated using the Clausius-mossotti equation, as described by Ando in "Efficient Hybrid Functional and Basis Set Functions for DFT Calculation of Refractive Indices and Abbe Numbers of Organic Compounds", Chem. Lett. 2018, 47, doi:10.1246 / cl.180732, pp.1494-1497. Refractive index simulations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) with Gaussian procedures and structural optimization at the following levels: the empirical distribution ωB97XD basis set and the 6-311G** basis set were applied to each of the H, C, N, O, and F atoms, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory 2 Double-Zeta (LANL2DZ) basis set was applied to the Al, Ir, and Bi metal atoms. Based on the ground state energy level value, triplet energy level value and 3 The MC state energy levels were evaluated. All calculations were performed using the Gauss09 (Rev.C01) software package with a processor. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0453]

[0454] As described in the above formula, α λ It is a wavelength-dependent linear molecular polarizability, V mol This refers to the van der Waals volume, which can be calculated using the Slonimski method with the van der Waals radius of each atom through an optimized geometry. As described in Tables 1 and 2, S1 is the singlet absorption level, n sim The refractive index, n, is obtained through simulation measurement. exp It is the refractive index measured experimentally.

[0455] Table 1

[0456] Compound [S1 (eV)] n sim (@460nm)]]> n sim (@530nm)]]> n sim (@620nm)]]> 1 4.06 1.69 1.67 1.64 2 4.54 1.69 1.67 1.64 3 6.37 1.56 1.56 1.55 4 4.90 1.67 1.64 1.63 5 3.75 1.67 1.66 1.64 6 4.66 1.59 1.57 1.57 7 3.15 1.70 1.67 1.66 8 4.23 1.63 1.62 1.60 9 3.20 1.69 1.67 1.66 10 4.19 1.63 1.62 1.60 11 4.30 1.72 1.70 1.69 12 4.10 1.69 1.67 1.66 A 0.35 2.01 1.89 1.79 B 2.82 1.86 1.82 1.79

[0457]

[0458] Refractive index measurement

[0459] Compounds 1 to 12, Compound A and Compound B were prepared in a thin film state, and then the refractive indices of Compounds 1 to 12, Compound A and Compound B were measured at a wavelength of 460 nm of column 2, a wavelength of 530 nm of column 3 and a wavelength of 620 nm of column 4 of Table 2, respectively, by using a thin film analyzer based on an infrared (IR) source. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0460] Table 2

[0461] Compound n exp (@460nm)]]> n exp (@530nm)]]> n exp (@620nm)]]> 1 1.60 1.59 1.57 2 1.60 1.59 1.57 3 1.51 1.51 1.50 4 1.59 1.57 1.56 5 1.59 1.58 1.57 6 1.53 1.52 1.52 7 1.61 1.59 1.58 8 1.56 1.55 1.54 9 1.60 1.59 1.58 10 1.56 1.55 1.54 11 1.62 1.61 1.60 12 1.60 1.59 1.58 A 1.83 1.74 1.67 B 1.72 1.69 1.67

[0462] Comparing Table 1 and Table 2, there is no significant difference between the actually measured values of the refractive index and the simulation results.

[0463] Manufacture of electronic device: for a cover layer or thin film encapsulation

[0464] Comparative Example 1

[0465] As an anode, 15 Ω / cm2of ITO obtained from Coming Corporation, New York, NY (hereinafter, referred to as "Coming") was used. 2 An ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 mm x 50 mm x 0.7 mm, and cleaned using isopropanol and pure water each for 5 minutes, and then by exposing it to ultraviolet light and ozone for 30 minutes. The ITO glass substrate was provided to a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0466] On the glass substrate, first, 2-TNATA as a material known in the art was vacuum-deposited to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and then 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (hereinafter, referred to as NPB) as a hole transport material was vacuum-deposited to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 80 nm. On the hole transport layer, 9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (hereinafter, referred to as ADN) as a blue fluorescent host known in the art and 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (hereinafter, referred to as DPAVBi) as a blue fluorescent dopant known in the art were co-deposited in a weight ratio of 98:2 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 50 nm.

[0467] Next, Alq3 was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

[0468] Next, Alq3 was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 20 nm. ​​an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm, depositing LiF as an alkali halide on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and vacuum depositing Al on the electron injection layer to form a LiF / Al electrode having a thickness of 40 nm. an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm, depositing LiF as an alkali halide on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and vacuum depositing Al on the electron injection layer to form a LiF / Al electrode having a thickness of 40 nm. an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm, depositing LiF as an alkali halide on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and vacuum depositing Al on the electron injection layer to form a LiF / Al electrode having a thickness of 40 nm.

[0469] depositing a compound B having a low refractive index on the electrode to form a first cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and depositing a compound A having a high refractive index on the first cap layer to form a second cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, thereby completing the organic light emitting device. depositing a compound B having a low refractive index on the electrode to form a first cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and depositing a compound A having a high refractive index on the first cap layer to form a second cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, thereby completing the organic light emitting device. depositing a compound B having a low refractive index on the electrode to form a first cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and depositing a compound A having a high refractive index on the first cap layer to form a second cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, thereby completing the organic light emitting device.

[0470]

[0471] Comparative Example 2

[0472] As an anode, Corning 15Ω / cm 2 The ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 mm x 50 mm x 0.5 mm, cleaned using isopropanol and pure water each for 10 minutes, and then cleaned by exposing it to ultraviolet rays and ozone for 10 minutes. The ITO glass substrate was provided to a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0473] A known material 2-TNATA was vacuum deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and a hole transport compound NPB was vacuum deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm. A known material 2-TNATA was vacuum deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and a hole transport compound NPB was vacuum deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm. A known material 2-TNATA was vacuum deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and a hole transport compound NPB was vacuum deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

[0474] acetylacetone bis(2-phenylquinoline) iridium (Ir(pq)2acac) as a red phosphorescent dopant and CBP were co-deposited on the hole transport layer in a weight ratio of 5:95 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 20 nm. acetylacetone bis(2-phenylquinoline) iridium (Ir(pq)2acac) as a red phosphorescent dopant and CBP were co-deposited on the hole transport layer in a weight ratio of 5:95 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

[0475] Next, Alq3 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm, LiF as an alkali halide was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and Al was vacuum deposited on the electron injection layer to form a LiF / Al electrode having a thickness of 40 nm. Next, Alq3 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm, LiF as an alkali halide was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and Al was vacuum deposited on the electron injection layer to form a LiF / Al electrode having a thickness of 40 nm. Next, Alq3 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm, LiF as an alkali halide was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and Al was vacuum deposited on the electron injection layer to form a LiF / Al electrode having a thickness of 40 nm. Next, Alq3 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm, LiF as an alkali halide was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and Al was vacuum deposited on the electron injection layer to form a LiF / Al electrode having a thickness of 40 nm.

[0476] depositing a compound B having a low refractive index on the electrode to form a first cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and depositing a compound A having a high refractive index on the first cap layer to form a second cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, thereby completing the organic light emitting device. depositing a compound B having a low refractive index on the electrode to form a first cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and depositing a compound A having a high refractive index on the first cap layer to form a second cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, thereby completing the organic light emitting device. depositing a compound B having a low refractive index on the electrode to form a first cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, and depositing a compound A having a high refractive index on the first cap layer to form a second cap layer having a thickness of 20 nm, thereby completing the organic light emitting device.

[0477] Comparative Example 3

[0478] As an anode, Corning 15Ω / cm 2 ITO glass substrates were cut to a size of 50 mm x 50 mm x 0.5 mm, cleaned using isopropanol and pure water each for 10 minutes, and then cleaned by exposing them to ultraviolet light and ozone for 10 minutes. The ITO glass substrates were provided to a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0479] A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm. A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm. A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm.

[0480] Tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium (Ir(ppy)3) as a green phosphorescent dopant and CBP were co-deposited on the hole transport layer in a weight ratio of 15:85 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 30 nm. A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm.

[0481] Next, Alq3 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm, LiF as an alkali halide was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 1 nm, and Al was vacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer to form a LiF / Al electrode having a thickness of 200 nm. A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm. A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm. A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm.

[0482]

[0483] A compound B having a low refractive index was deposited on the electrode to form a first cap layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a compound A having a high refractive index was deposited on the first cap layer to form a second cap layer having a thickness of 50 nm, thereby completing the organic light emitting device. A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm. A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm.

[0484] Example 1

[0485] An organic light emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that Compound 1 was used instead of Compound B in forming the cap layer.

[0486] Example 2

[0487] An organic light emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that Compound 1 was used instead of Compound B in forming the cap layer.

[0488] Example 3 A known material, 2-TNATA, was vacuum-deposited on the substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 50 nm, and a hole transport compound, NPB, was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 60 nm.

[0489] An organic light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that Compound 1 was used instead of Compound B when forming the cap layer.

[0490] Example 4

[0491] An organic light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that Compound 3 was used instead of Compound B when forming the cap layer.

[0492] Example 5

[0493] An organic light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that Compound 3 was used instead of Compound B when forming the cap layer.

[0494] Example 6

[0495] An organic light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that Compound 3 was used instead of Compound B when forming the cap layer.

[0496] Comparative Example 4

[0497] An organic light emitting device was produced without forming a cap layer in the organic light emitting device of Comparative Example 1, and then a thin film encapsulation part having a thickness of 100 nm was additionally formed using Compound A.

[0498] Comparative Example 5

[0499] An organic light emitting device was produced without forming a cap layer in the organic light emitting device of Comparative Example 2, and then a thin film encapsulation part having a thickness of 100 nm was additionally formed using Compound A.

[0500] Comparative Example 6

[0501] An organic light emitting device was produced without forming a cap layer in the organic light emitting device of Comparative Example 3, and then a thin film encapsulation part having a thickness of 100 nm was additionally formed using Compound A.

[0502] Example 7

[0503] A thin film encapsulation part was additionally formed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that Compound 1 was used instead of Compound A.

[0504] Example 8

[0505] A thin film encapsulation part was additionally formed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5 except that Compound 1 was used instead of Compound A.

[0506] Example 9

[0507] ​​​A thin film encapsulation was additionally formed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 6, except that Compound 1 was used instead of Compound A.

[0508] The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was measured, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0509] Table 3

[0510]

[0511]

[0512] Referring to Table 3, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of Examples 1 to 9 can be expressed by the following equation, as described in Forrest et al., "Measuring the Efficiency of Organic Light-Emitting Devices", Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, doi: 10.1002 / adma.200302151, pp. 1043-1048.

[0513] η EQE = γ · η r · Φ p · η oc

[0514] In this regard, γ refers to charge balance, η r refers to exciton generation efficiency, Φ p refers to internal emission quantum efficiency, and η oc refers to output coupling efficiency of light in the observation direction. The internal emission quantum efficiency is the ratio of the total number of photons generated within the structure to the number of electrons injected. In the case of the blue organic light-emitting device of the examples, η r is 0.25 due to the use of a fluorescent dopant. In the case of the red / green organic light-emitting device of the examples, η r is 1 due to the use of a phosphorescent dopant.

[0515] It was confirmed that the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 to 9 showed unexpected and surprising results compared to the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Comparative Examples 1 to 6.

[0516] An electronic device constructed according to the principles of the invention and exemplary embodiments has a cap layer or encapsulation member having a metal compound having a refractive index that provides excellent external quantum efficiency.

[0517] While certain example embodiments and implementations have been described herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparent from this description. Accordingly, the inventive concept is not limited to such embodiments, but extends to the broader range of equivalents and modifications as will be apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art having the benefit of this description.

Claims

1. An electronic device having an organic light emitting device, the electronic device comprising: a substrate; and the organic light emitting device located on the substrate and comprising a cap layer, wherein the cap layer is composed of a first cap layer and a second cap layer, and the first cap layer is composed of a metal compound, the metal compound has a refractive index as follows: n 620nm ≤1.60； n 530nm ≤ 1.65; and n 460nm ≤1.68， wherein the metal compound is a compound of Formula 2: Formula 2 wherein, in Formula 2, M is an Al ion, an In ion, or a Bi ion; L 11 to L 13 each independently of one another are substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkylene; a11 to a13 are each independently 0 or 1; R 11 to R 13 each independently of one another is a radical represented by one of formulae 2a to 2c: wherein, in Formulae 2a to 2c, H1 is O or S; Z 11 To Z 17 Each of these groups is independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, carboxylic acid or its salt, sulfonic acid or its salt, phosphate or its salt, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, pyrene alkyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazoleyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, triazinyl, benzimidazolyl or phenanthrolineyl; b11 is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; b17 is 1, 2, or 3; and * indicates a bonding site with an adjacent atom, and said substituted C1-C 60 substituents in the alkylene group are selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 alkoxy. 2.An electronic device having an organic light emitting device, the electronic device comprising: a substrate; the organic light emitting device located on the substrate; and a thin film encapsulation part located on the organic light emitting device, wherein the thin film encapsulation part is composed of a metal compound, the metal compound has a refractive index as follows: n 620nm ≤1.60； n 530nm ≤ 1.65; and n 460nm ≤1.68， wherein the metal compound is a compound of Formula 2: Formula 2 wherein, in Formula 2, M is an Al ion, an In ion, or a Bi ion; L 11 to L 13 each independently of one another, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 alkylene; a11 to a13 are each independently 0 or 1; R 11 to R 13 each independently of one another is a radical represented by one of formulae 2a to 2c: wherein, in Formulae 2a to 2c, H1 is O or S; Z 11 To Z 17 Each of these groups is independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, carboxylic acid or its salt, sulfonic acid or its salt, phosphate or its salt, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, dibenzo[a]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, pyrene alkyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazoleyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, triazinyl, benzimidazolyl or phenanthrolineyl; b11 is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; b17 is 1, 2, or 3; and * indicates a bonding site with an adjacent atom, and said substituted C1-C 60 substituents in the alkylene group are selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl and C1-C 60 alkoxy.

3. The electronic device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound of Formula 2 is the following Compound 1 to Compound 6:

4. The electronic device of claim 1 or 2, wherein a value of a singlet absorption energy level of the compound of Formula 2 is 3.15 eV or more.

5. The electronic device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound of Formula 2 is symmetrical.

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