Garbage pyrolysis gasification device

Abstract

The present invention provides a garbage cracking and gasification device, comprising: a furnace body; a feeding device for feeding into the furnace body; a slag removal device, comprising a slag removal grate placed inside the furnace body, a slag storage tank placed outside the furnace body, and a transmission system; a wind pressure system, an air inlet pipe of which supplies air to the furnace body from the air outlet at the top of the slag removal grate; a plurality of temperature sensors placed in the furnace through openings on the furnace wall of the furnace body, for detecting the reaction temperature of each gasification layer in the furnace body; and a control system for obtaining the furnace temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and regulating the air intake of the wind pressure system according to the furnace temperature, thereby controlling the feed amount of the feeding device, and controlling the slag removal device to remove slag. The garbage cracking and gasification device provided in the present invention is convenient for gasifying unsorted domestic garbage, programmatically controlling the reaction process of garbage, and effectively increasing the garbage fuel yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of garbage processing equipment, and in particular to a garbage cracking and gasification device. Background Art

[0002] As people's living standards continue to improve and their consumption capacity continues to increase, more and more domestic garbage is generated. At present, the main ways to deal with garbage are landfill, incineration, and recycling of combustible gas produced by pyrolysis and gasification of garbage. Landfill will occupy land resources and affect the quality of groundwater. Incineration is costly, pollutes the air, wastes resources, and is not conducive to sustainable development. Recycling combustible gas produced by pyrolysis and gasification of garbage is a green and sustainable development method, which is also conducive to saving resources.

[0003] At present, the pyrolysis and gasification process of garbage is mainly carried out using a garbage pyrolysis and gasification furnace. The general garbage pyrolysis and gasification furnace cannot fully utilize the garbage for combustion and pyrolysis, and needs to add coal or charcoal to assist combustion. It is difficult to control the reaction state in the furnace during the garbage combustion and pyrolysis and gasification process, so the amount of combustible gas generated is limited, and the pyrolysis and gasification efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a garbage cracking and gasification device, which can effectively solve the above problems.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: a garbage cracking gasification device, comprising:

[0006] Furnace body;

[0007] A feeding device, which is arranged on the top cover of the furnace body and is used to feed the furnace body;

[0008] A slag removal device is arranged at the lower end of the furnace body, comprising a slag removal grate placed inside the furnace body, a slag storage tank placed outside the furnace body, and a transmission system; the slag removal grate and the slag storage tank are both fixed on a gear plate below, and the gear plate is engaged with a worm of the transmission system, so that the slag removal device can rotate relative to the furnace body;

[0009] An air pressure system, wherein the air inlet pipe of the air pressure system passes through the gear plate, enters the interior of the slag removal grate, and supplies air to the furnace body through the air outlet at the top of the slag removal grate;

[0010] A plurality of temperature sensors are placed in the furnace through openings on the furnace wall of the furnace body to detect the reaction temperature in the furnace body; and

[0011] The control system is used to obtain the furnace temperature measured by the temperature sensor, adjust the air intake of the wind pressure system according to the furnace temperature, and adjust the feed amount of the feeding device and the slag removal device to remove slag.

[0012] As a further improvement, the feeding device includes a storage bin at the upper end and a weighing bin at the lower end; a first valve switch is provided between the storage bin and the weighing bin, and a second valve switch is provided between the weighing bin and the top cover of the furnace body; wherein a feeding port and several dust removal ports are provided at the upper end of the storage bin, and a dust removal bag is provided on the dust removal port.

[0013] As a further improvement, a plurality of ash guiding grooves inclined downward are evenly arranged on the top of the outer wall of the slag storage tank, and the slag storage tank is filled with water for sealing and dust removal; a boss is provided on the surface of the slag removal grate.

[0014] As a further improvement, the wind pressure system further comprises a plurality of secondary air inlet pipes, and the plurality of secondary air inlet pipes are divided into two upper and lower rows, and the secondary air inlet pipes in each row are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the furnace body.

[0015] As a further improvement, the plurality of temperature sensors are evenly distributed on the side wall of the furnace body in a spiral rise, the number of the temperature sensors formed in each circle is 4 to 8, and the height difference between the left and right adjacent temperature sensors is 20 to 50 cm.

[0016] As a further improvement, a distribution mechanism is provided directly below the bottom discharge port of the feeding device, and the distribution mechanism includes a distribution device and a plurality of support bars. The bottom end of the distribution device is fixed on the plurality of support bars, and the support bars are fixed to the inner wall of the furnace body.

[0017] As a further improvement, it also includes a base, a chassis is fixed on the upper end of the base, and a plurality of rotating steel balls are arranged between the chassis and the gear plate, so that the slag removal device can rotate on the chassis.

[0018] As a further improvement, a plurality of columns are fixed on the base, and the top ends of the columns are fixed to the outer wall of the furnace body for supporting the furnace body.

[0019] As a further improvement, the furnace body and furnace wall include an outer tube and an inner tube, and a transverse partition is provided between the outer tube and the inner tube to divide the outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12 into two upper and lower water jackets, and the upper and lower water jackets are filled with cooling water.

[0020] As a further improvement, an air outlet is provided on the top cover of the furnace body, and a temperature sensor is provided in the air outlet for controlling the feeding of materials into the furnace body.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] First, the garbage cracking and gasification device provided by the present invention is provided with a feeding device, a slag removal device, an air pressure system, a plurality of temperature sensors and a control system. The temperature of each position in the furnace body can be monitored by the temperature sensor, so as to control the air supply volume of the furnace body by the air pressure system; the furnace body can be supplied with air by the air pressure system, and the air supply volume in the furnace body can be adjusted, so as to control the cracking and gasification process of the garbage blocks in the furnace body; for the feeding device, the feeding amount of the feeding device can be regulated by monitoring the temperature of the combustible gas at the air outlet at the upper end of the furnace body and the gas outlet of the combustible gas, so that the whole process of combustion, cracking and gasification of the garbage blocks in the furnace body is continuous, and there is no need to add coal or charcoal into the furnace body for natural combustion, so as to realize the complete use of garbage for gasification, and the cracking and gasification process is continuous and uninterrupted, with a high degree of automation and high efficiency in generating combustible gas.

[0023] Second: The feeding device in the present invention is provided with a storage bin above and a weighing bin below at the same time, a first valve switch is provided between the storage bin and the weighing bin, and a second valve switch is provided below the weighing bin; when the garbage block is put into the storage bin, the first valve switch is opened, the garbage block enters the weighing bin, the first valve switch is closed, and the second valve switch is opened at this time to allow the garbage block to be put into the furnace body. By regulating the switching sequence of the first valve switch and the second valve switch, it can be achieved that the gas in the furnace body will not leak when feeding, ensuring safety and ensuring the stable output of the combustible gas from cracking and gasification. At the same time, a dust removal port is provided above the storage bin, and a dust removal bag is provided on the dust removal port, so that the garbage dust generated during feeding can be filtered out through the dust removal bag provided above the storage bin, so as to avoid the garbage dust from polluting the air when discharging the air and to relieve pressure at the same time.

[0024] Thirdly, the wind pressure system of the present invention is provided with an air inlet duct and a secondary air inlet duct. The air inlet duct takes in air from the center of the bottom of the furnace body, and the secondary air inlet duct takes in air from the outer side wall of the furnace body. The secondary air inlet duct is divided into two rows, and a number of secondary air inlet ducts are arranged at equal intervals in each row. The height of the two rows is controlled between 1.5 and 3 m, which is convenient for air supply regulation in the reaction layer of garbage cracking and gasification, thereby controlling the whole process of garbage cracking and gasification reaction in the furnace body.

[0025] Fourthly, the multiple temperature sensors in the present invention are evenly distributed on the side wall of the furnace body in a spiral rise, and the number of the temperature sensors in each circle is 4 to 8, and the height difference between the adjacent temperature sensors on the left and right is 20 to 50 cm, and the pitch of the spiral formed by each temperature sensor is 40 to 80 cm; by arranging temperature sensors on the furnace body and distributing them at different positions of the furnace body, it is convenient to monitor the temperature in the furnace body in real time, so as to facilitate the regulation of the air supply volume of the wind pressure system, as well as the feeding timing and feeding amount of the feeding device.

[0026] Fifth, in the present invention, a distribution mechanism is arranged in the furnace body, and the distribution mechanism is located just below the discharge port at the lower end of the weighing bin; the distribution mechanism comprises a distribution device, and the distribution device is a cone with the tip facing upward; when the garbage blocks fall, the garbage blocks are dispersed by the distribution device, and thus fall evenly into the furnace body, thus avoiding the traditional situation that the garbage blocks are concentrated in the middle of the furnace body when feeding into the furnace body, resulting in an uneven distribution state with the middle high and the sides low; the evenly falling and evenly distributed garbage blocks can be beneficial to the uniformity of garbage cracking and gasification, so that the garbage at the same position in the furnace body can be evenly cracked and gasified, maintaining the same reaction and cracking and gasification process, thereby being beneficial to the continuity of garbage cracking and gasification in the furnace body, and also beneficial to increasing the output of combustible gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a garbage pyrolysis gasification device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of a garbage pyrolysis gasification device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a slag removal device of a garbage pyrolysis gasification device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a material distribution mechanism of a garbage pyrolysis gasification device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows:

[0033] 1. Furnace body; 11. Outer tube; 12. Inner tube; 13. Air outlet; 14. Furnace door hole;

[0034] 2. Feeding device; 21. Storage bin; 211. Feeding port; 212. Dust removal port;

[0035] 22. Weighing bin; 23. First valve switch; 24. Second valve switch;

[0036] 3. Slag removal device; 31. Slag removal grate; 32. Slag storage tank; 33. Transmission system;

[0037] 331. Worm; 34. Gear plate; 35. Ash guide groove; 36. Rotating steel ball;

[0038] 4. Air pressure system; 41. Air inlet pipe; 42. Secondary air inlet pipe;

[0039] 5. Temperature sensor;

[0040] 6. Fabric mechanism; 61. Fabric distributor; 62. Support bar;

[0041] 7. Base; 71. Chassis;

[0042] 8. Pillar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a garbage cracking and gasification device, including: a furnace body 1, a feeding device 2, a slag removal device 3, an air pressure system 4, a temperature sensor 5, a distribution mechanism 6, a base 7 and a column 8.

[0047] Furnace body 1; the furnace wall of the furnace body 1 includes an outer tube 11 and an inner tube 12. The outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12 are welded with steel plates and are smooth inside. A transverse partition is also arranged between the outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12, dividing the outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12 into two upper and lower water jackets. The upper and lower water jackets are filled with cooling water, and the upper and lower water jackets are provided with water inlet pipes and water outlet pipes (not shown in the figure). The inner wall of the conventional garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace is cut and built with refractory materials, which will make the temperature in the furnace too high; because there are many plastics in domestic garbage, after the temperature rises, the garbage will become liquid as soon as it enters the furnace, then the garbage will stick to the refractory material to form hanging furnace scars, and the space in the upper section of the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace will continue to shrink, and the garbage will not be able to enter the high-temperature gasification zone of the lower section of the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace, so the conventional garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace cannot operate normally. In this embodiment, the upper water jacket controls the temperature within 100°C by circulating cooling water, so as to prevent the plastic in the garbage from melting in advance and sticking to the inner wall of the upper furnace to form furnace scars, thereby avoiding the traditional practice of laying high-temperature refractory bricks on the inner wall of the upper furnace. In addition, a constant temperature sensor is arranged in the upper water jacket. The upper water jacket of the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace in this embodiment is cooled by circulating water. When the furnace wall temperature corresponding to the upper water jacket reaches 100°C, the water pump will automatically circulate and replenish water, and the garbage will not melt in advance to form furnace scars, so that the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace in this embodiment can operate normally for a long time.

[0048] A feeding device 2 is arranged on the top cover of the furnace body 1, and is used for feeding materials into the furnace body 1; the feeding device 2 comprises a storage bin 21 at the upper end and a weighing bin 22 at the lower end; a first valve switch 23 is arranged between the storage bin 21 and the weighing bin 22, and a second valve switch 24 is arranged between the weighing bin 22 and the top cover of the furnace body 1; wherein a feeding port 211 and a plurality of dust removal ports 212 are arranged at the upper end of the storage bin 21.

[0049] Specifically, the feeding device 2 is provided with a storage bin 21 above and a weighing bin 22 below. The garbage block is first put into the storage bin 21 through the feeding port 211, and the first valve switch 23 is closed at this time. When the first valve switch 23 is opened, the garbage block enters the weighing bin 22, and then the first valve switch 23 is closed, and then the second valve switch 24 is opened, so that the garbage block enters the furnace body 1 from the discharge port below the weighing bin 22. The storage bin 21 and the weighing bin 22 are provided at the same time, and the order of the first valve switch 23 and the second valve switch 24 is adjusted, so that when feeding, the gas in the furnace body 1 will not leak, resulting in waste of gas, while ensuring safety and the output of combustible gas from cracking and gasification. At the same time, when feeding garbage, the dust removal bag on the dust removal port 212 can filter out the dust brought in by the garbage during feeding, avoid the garbage dust from polluting the air when discharging the air, and play a pressure relief role. In this embodiment, inspection holes are evenly provided on the side walls of the storage bin 21 and the weighing bin 22 below for easy inspection.

[0050] Slag removal device 3, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the slag removal device 3 is arranged at the lower end of the furnace body 1, and includes a slag removal grate 31 placed inside the furnace body 1, a slag storage tank 32 placed outside the furnace body 1, and a transmission system 33; the slag removal grate 31 and the slag storage tank 32 are both fixed on the gear plate 34 below, and the gear plate 34 is engaged with the worm 331 of the transmission system 33, so that the slag removal device 3 can rotate relative to the furnace body 1. A plurality of rotating steel balls 36 are arranged below the gear plate 34 to form a circle of continuous rotating steel balls 36, and below the rotating steel balls 36 is a chassis 71, which is fixed on the base 7. When the transmission system 33 drives the worm 331 to rotate, the worm 331 drives the gear plate 34 to rotate, thereby driving the slag removal grate 31 and the slag storage tank 32 to rotate. A plurality of ash guide grooves 35 inclined downward are evenly arranged on the top of the outer wall of the slag storage tank 32, and the slag storage tank 32 is filled with water for gas sealing and dust removal in the furnace and isolating the inside of the furnace body 1 from the outside.

[0051] Specifically, a certain gap is left between the outermost part of the slag removal grate 31 and the inner wall of the furnace body 1. In the furnace body 1, ash will be left after the garbage is burned, and the ash will remain on the slag removal grate 31. A boss is provided on the surface of the slag removal grate 31. When the slag removal grate 31 rotates, the boss will drive the ash on the slag removal grate 31 to fall, and fall into the slag storage tank 32 from the gap between the slag removal grate 31 and the inner wall of the furnace body 1. When the slag removal grate 31 and the slag storage tank 32 rotate, the slag in the slag storage tank 32 is driven to rotate, so that the ash is discharged from the ash guide trough 35 at the top of the slag storage tank 32. Preferably, in this embodiment, there are two ash guide troughs 35, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the slag storage tank 32.

[0052] The wind pressure system 4, whose air inlet pipe 41 passes through the gear plate 34, enters the interior of the slag removal grate 31, and supplies air to the furnace body 1 through the top opening of the slag removal grate 31; the wind pressure system 4 also includes a plurality of secondary air inlet pipes 42, and the secondary air inlet pipes 42 are divided into two rows, and each row of the secondary air inlet pipes 42 is evenly distributed on the outer wall of the furnace body 1.

[0053] Specifically, by setting the wind pressure system 4, air can be provided to the furnace body 1 to assist combustion. In this embodiment, an air inlet pipe 41 and a secondary air inlet pipe 42 are provided. The air inlet pipe 41 directly supplies air to the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the open end of the air inlet pipe 41 is arranged inside the slag removal grate 31, and air is supplied to the furnace body 1 through the opening at the upper end of the slag removal grate 31. When the garbage blocks are accumulated at the bottom of the furnace body 1, the air inlet pipe 41 can effectively regulate the burning rate of the garbage blocks, thereby controlling the cracking and gasification process. At the same time, the secondary air inlet pipe 42 is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body 1, and the secondary air inlet pipe 42 is divided into two rows, and each row is provided with 6 to 10 secondary air inlet pipes 42, preferably 8, so that the secondary air inlet pipe 42 can supply air from all around the inner wall of the furnace body 1, control the combustion process of the garbage, and the combustion temperature in the furnace body 1, thereby controlling the temperature of each reaction layer of the garbage cracking and gasification in the furnace body 1. In this embodiment, two rows of secondary air inlet pipes 42 are provided, and air supply control can be performed on the side of the furnace body 1, so that air supply can be performed at multiple angles and dimensions, and the air flow in the furnace body 1 can be controlled to control the cracking and gasification process of the garbage blocks in the furnace body 1. The air supply in the furnace body 1 affects the temperature of each reaction layer of the cracking and gasification of the garbage blocks, the air pressure in the furnace body 1, and the gas production and gas production efficiency of the combustible gas. In this embodiment, the height of the first row of secondary air inlet pipes 42 and the second row of secondary air inlet pipes 42 is 1.5 to 3m; the air inlet of the first row of secondary air inlet pipes 42 located below should be set between the bottom and the top of the slag removal grate 31. Thereby, air can be supplied from the bottom of the furnace body 1, and an air supply system from the center to the periphery is formed with the air inlet pipe 41. It ensures the uniform cracking and gasification of the garbage blocks in the furnace body 1, and is also conducive to regulating the air pressure in the furnace body 1, so that the air pressure in the furnace body 1 remains stable. The air inlet pipe 41 is provided with a valve switch, and each branch pipe and the main pipe of the secondary air inlet pipe 42 are provided with a valve switch, so as to control the air supply volume of each pipe.

[0054] A plurality of temperature sensors 5 are placed in the furnace through the openings on the furnace wall of the furnace body 1 to detect the reaction temperature in the furnace body 1; the plurality of temperature sensors 5 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the furnace body 1 in a spiral rise, and the number of the temperature sensors 5 formed in each circle is 4 to 8, and the height difference between the left and right adjacent temperature sensors 5 is 20 to 50 cm. In this embodiment, temperature sensors 5 are provided from the bottom to the top of the furnace body 1. The temperature sensor 5 is used to monitor the temperature in the furnace body 1. The temperature sensor 5 in this embodiment is evenly arranged around the side wall of the furnace body 1 in a spiral rise, and the spiral pitch formed by each temperature sensor 5 is 40 to 80 cm. During the whole process of garbage pyrolysis and gasification, the temperature sensor 5 can monitor the temperature of each position in the furnace body 1 in real time, so that the whole process of pyrolysis and gasification of garbage blocks in the furnace body 1 can be known. By monitoring the temperature in the furnace body 1, the air intake of the wind pressure system 4 can be regulated, thereby regulating the feeding of the feeding device 2 and the amount of feeding. Therefore, the arrangement of the temperature sensor 5 is crucial to the entire process of garbage pyrolysis and gasification, and is a key factor in regulating the garbage pyrolysis and gasification in the furnace body 1 .

[0055] Furthermore, it also includes a material distribution mechanism 6. Figure 4 As shown, the material distribution mechanism 6 is arranged directly below the bottom discharge port of the feeding device 2, and the material distribution mechanism 6 includes a material distributor 61 and a plurality of support bars 62. The bottom end of the material distributor 61 is fixed on the plurality of support bars 62, and the support bars 62 are fixed to the inner wall of the furnace body 1.

[0056] Specifically, the distributor 61 is a cone with the tip of the cone facing upward. Define the diameter D1 of the cone bottom of the distributor 61 and the diameter D2 of the discharge port at the lower end of the weighing bin 22; then, D1 = (1.5-2.5) D2, preferably, D1 is twice D2. The distributor 61 is provided so that the garbage blocks can fall onto the distributor 61 when they fall from the feeding device 2, and then slide down from the distributor 61. The distributor 61 is provided so that the garbage blocks can be evenly dispersed and fall into the interior of the furnace body 1. If they fall directly from the discharge port of the weighing bin 22, the garbage blocks will be high in the middle of the furnace body 1, and there will be fewer garbage blocks around, resulting in uneven distribution of the garbage blocks. The distribution mechanism 6 is provided so that the garbage blocks can fall evenly into the interior of the furnace body 1, avoiding the situation where the garbage blocks are unevenly accumulated inside the furnace body 1.

[0057] Furthermore, a plurality of columns 8 are fixed on the base 7, and the top ends of the columns 8 are fixed to the outer wall of the furnace body 1 for supporting the furnace body 1. The columns 8 are used to support the furnace body 1 so that the furnace body 1 is separated from the slag removal device 3 and not connected together. Therefore, the slag removal grate 31 and the slag storage tank 32 can be rotated relative to the furnace body 1, so that the ash after the garbage is burned at the bottom of the furnace body 1 is discharged outside the furnace body 1. Preferably, four columns 8 are provided in this embodiment, which are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body 1, and the furnace body 1 is supported on the base 7 by the columns 8.

[0058] Furthermore, the top cover of the furnace body 1 is provided with an air outlet 13, and a temperature sensor 5 is provided in the air outlet 13. The air outlet 13 is used for the outlet of the combustible gas generated in the furnace body 1, so that the generated combustible gas can be safely collected. The temperature sensor 5 is provided at the position of the air outlet 13, which is used to monitor the temperature of the combustible gas at the air outlet 13, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the feeding into the furnace.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This embodiment provides a control method for a control system of a garbage pyrolysis gasification device, wherein the control system of the garbage pyrolysis gasification device comprises: a feeding control unit, a furnace temperature control unit, a wind pressure control unit, and a slag removal control unit; the control method comprises the following steps:

[0061] S1, obtain the garbage blocks to be fed and put them into the feeding device 2;

[0062] Specifically, the garbage block in step S1 is a dehydrated and compressed block, and the length of the garbage block is 4-6 cm, preferably 5 cm; the width is 3-5 cm, preferably 4 cm; the height is 3-5 cm, preferably 4 cm. After the pre-treatment, the garbage block has been dehydrated and compressed into a block, which is beneficial to the controllability of garbage feeding and the uniformity of garbage combustion, cracking and gasification.

[0063] S2, starting the feeding control unit, and the feeding device 2 puts the garbage block into the furnace body 1, and ignites it through the furnace door hole 14 below the furnace body 1;

[0064] Specifically, the height from the top garbage block in the furnace to the inner surface of the top cover of the furnace body 1 is defined as the empty layer height. In step S2, after feeding into the furnace body 1, the feeding is stopped when the empty layer height is 1.4-1.6m, preferably 1.5m. After the garbage blocks are cracked and gasified, the garbage blocks in the furnace body 1 are reduced, and the empty layer height increases. When the empty layer height is greater than 1.8-2.2m, preferably 2m, and the gas outlet temperature is 150-250°C, preferably 170°C, the feeding control unit is started to continue feeding into the furnace body 1. When the empty layer height is 1.4-1.6m, the feeding is stopped, preferably 1.5m. In this embodiment, when the furnace temperature corresponding to the position of the furnace door hole 14 reaches 140-160°C, the furnace door is closed. At this time, the temperature in the furnace naturally rises, and a continuous cracking and gasification reaction can be generated to continuously produce combustible gas.

[0065] S3, monitoring the reaction temperature at different positions in the furnace in real time by the furnace temperature control unit, and regulating the wind pressure control unit to supply air into the furnace, so that different temperature gradients are formed from the bottom to the top of the furnace, and the temperature gradients are maintained at 50-100°C, 800-1000°C, 400-500°C, 300-400°C, 280-320°C, 100-270°C and 50-100°C in sequence;

[0066] Specifically, in the above step S3, the temperature gradients correspond to different reaction layers in the furnace, and the reaction layers are ash layer, oxidation-reduction layer, carbonization layer, cracking layer, melting layer, retorting layer and drying layer from bottom to top. The height of the furnace body 1 is 8 to 9 meters, and the corresponding height of the oxidation-reduction layer is 1.8 to 2.2 meters.

[0067] The temperature of the ash layer is 50-100° C., and the ash layer mainly contains ash formed by burning garbage blocks.

[0068] The temperature corresponding to the redox layer is 800-1000° C. In the redox layer, the garbage blocks burn to form carbon dioxide, which is then reduced to carbon monoxide.

[0069] The corresponding temperatures of the carbonization layer and the cracking layer are 400-500°C and 300-400°C respectively. The carbonization layer and the cracking layer can be carried out simultaneously, that is, the carbonization and cracking of the garbage are carried out simultaneously, a part of the garbage is cracked into small molecular compounds, and a part of the garbage is carbonized and decomposed into gas, tar and coke, etc.

[0070] The temperature corresponding to the melting layer is 280-320° C. In the melting layer, solid waste melts into liquid, large molecular compounds are transformed into small molecular compounds, and gas is released during the melting process.

[0071] The temperature corresponding to the retorting layer is 100-270° C. In the retorting layer, the molecular bonds of carbohydrates such as plastics, rubbers and organic matter are broken, large molecules become small molecules, and carbon five and carbon four series gases rise and are discharged.

[0072] The temperature corresponding to the drying layer is 50-100° C. In the drying layer, the heat below the furnace can be used to dry the newly placed garbage blocks, so as to facilitate further cracking and gasification of the garbage blocks.

[0073] S4, combustible gas is outputted through the gas outlet pipe 12 at the upper end of the furnace body 1, and the feeding control unit is called to feed the furnace body 1, and the slag removal control unit is started to discharge the ash at the bottom of the furnace body 1 to maintain the continuity of the cracking and gasification of the garbage blocks in the furnace.

[0074] Furthermore, in step S4, the combustible gas includes carbon monoxide, carbon four and carbon five.

[0075] Furthermore, the control system includes: a charging control unit, a furnace temperature control unit, a wind pressure control unit and a slag removal control unit.

[0076] The feeding control unit is connected to the feeding device 2 above the furnace body 1, and is used to control the feeding amount in the furnace. Specifically, as described in Example 1, the feeding sequence of the storage bin 21 and the weighing bin 22 is controlled by the switching sequence of the first valve switch 23 and the second valve switch 24 of the feeding device 2.

[0077] The furnace temperature control unit is connected to the temperature sensors 5 at different positions of the furnace body 1 to obtain the real-time temperature at different positions in the furnace.

[0078] The wind pressure control unit is connected to the air inlet duct 41 and the secondary air inlet duct 42 located at the lower end of the furnace body 1, and adjusts the air supply volume in the furnace according to the furnace temperature measured by the furnace temperature control unit; if the measured maximum temperature in the furnace is lower than the lower temperature limit corresponding to the redox layer, that is, 800°C, the air supply volume is increased; if the measured maximum temperature in the furnace is higher than the upper temperature limit corresponding to the redox layer, that is, 1000°C, the air supply volume is reduced until the maximum temperature in the furnace is maintained between the temperature gradients corresponding to the redox layer.

[0079] The slag removal control unit is connected to the slag removal device 3 below the furnace body 1, and controls the discharge of ash and slag at the bottom of the furnace each time the charging control unit charges.

[0080] Furthermore, in step S3, the air inlet pipe 41 and the secondary air inlet pipe 42 are regulated by the air pressure control unit to supply air into the furnace, thereby maintaining the air pressure in the furnace at 1.5 to 2.5 kPa. Specifically, the air pressure in the furnace is preferably 2 kPa. Maintaining the constant air pressure in the furnace is conducive to maintaining the stability of different temperature gradients formed from the bottom to the top of the furnace, that is, maintaining the stability of the oxidation-reduction layer, carbonization layer, cracking layer, melting layer, retorting layer and drying layer, thereby maintaining the stability of garbage cracking and gasification and increasing the yield of combustible gas.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A garbage pyrolysis gasification device, characterized in that: include: Furnace body (1); A feeding device (2), which is arranged on the top cover of the furnace body (1) and is used to feed materials into the furnace body (1); A slag removal device (3) is arranged at the lower end of the furnace body (1), comprising a slag removal grate (31) arranged inside the furnace body (1), a slag storage tank (32) arranged outside the furnace body (1), and a transmission system (33); the slag removal grate (31) and the slag storage tank (32) are both fixed on a gear plate (34) below, and the gear plate (34) is meshed with a worm (331) of the transmission system (33), so that the slag removal device (3) can rotate relative to the furnace body (1); An air pressure system (4), wherein an air inlet pipe (41) passes through the gear plate (34), enters the interior of the slag removal grate (31), and supplies air to the furnace body (1) through an air outlet at the top end of the slag removal grate (31); A plurality of temperature sensors (5) are placed in the furnace through openings on the furnace wall of the furnace body (1) and are used to detect the reaction temperature in the furnace body (1); and A control system for obtaining the furnace temperature measured by the temperature sensor (5), regulating the air intake of the wind pressure system (4) according to the furnace temperature, regulating the feed amount of the feeding device (2), and the slag removal device (3) for slag removal; The furnace body (1) has a furnace wall comprising an outer tube (11) and an inner tube (12), wherein a transverse partition is provided between the outer tube (11) and the inner tube (12), dividing the space between the outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12 into two upper and lower water jackets, wherein the upper and lower water jackets are both filled with cooling water; The top cover of the furnace body (1) is provided with an air outlet (13), and a temperature sensor (5) is provided inside the air outlet (13) for controlling the feeding of materials into the furnace body (1).

2. A garbage pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (2) comprises a material storage bin (21) at the upper end and a material weighing bin (22) at the lower end; a first valve switch (23) is provided between the material storage bin (21) and the material weighing bin (22), and a second valve switch (24) is provided between the material weighing bin (22) and the top cover of the furnace body (1); wherein a feeding port (211) and a plurality of dust removal ports (212) are provided at the upper end of the material storage bin (21), and a dust removal bag is provided on the dust removal port (212).

3. The garbage pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of ash guide grooves (35) inclined downward are evenly arranged on the top of the outer wall of the slag storage tank (32), and the slag storage tank (32) is filled with water for sealing and dust removal; a boss is arranged on the surface of the slag removal grate (31).

4. The garbage pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind pressure system (4) further comprises a plurality of secondary air inlet pipes (42), wherein the plurality of secondary air inlet pipes (42) are divided into two upper and lower rows, and the secondary air inlet pipes (42) in each row are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the furnace body (1).

5. The garbage pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of temperature sensors (5) are evenly distributed on the side wall of the furnace body (1) in a spiral upward manner, the number of the temperature sensors (5) formed in each circle is 4 to 8, and the height difference between the adjacent temperature sensors (5) on the left and right is 20 to 50 cm.

6. The garbage pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material distribution mechanism (6) is provided directly below the bottom discharge port of the feeding device (2), and the material distribution mechanism (6) comprises a material distribution device (61) and a plurality of support bars (62). The bottom end of the material distribution device (61) is fixed on the plurality of support bars (62), and the support bars (62) are fixed to the inner wall of the furnace body (1).

7. The garbage pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a base (7), a bottom plate (71) being fixed on the upper end of the base (7), and a plurality of rotating steel balls (36) being arranged between the bottom plate (71) and the gear plate (34) so ​​that the slag removal device (3) can rotate on the bottom plate (71).

8. The garbage pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of columns (8) are fixed on the base (7), and the top ends of the columns (8) are fixed to the outer wall of the furnace body (1) for supporting the furnace body (1).

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