A pinhole imaging science demonstration device with adjustable aperture

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture. The pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture comprises a base, a light source box, an imaging box, an aperture adjuster, an aperture, and a switch button. When the light source is on, the light passes through the figure, and then passes through the aperture to form an inverted and enlarged real image on the imaging surface of the imaging box. By adjusting the size of the aperture, the public can clearly watch the changes in the brightness and resolution of the figure. When the aperture is adjusted to the maximum, the aperture diameter is 12 mm, the figure is the darkest, and the resolution is the lowest. When the aperture is adjusted to the minimum, the aperture diameter is 1 mm, the figure is the brightest, and the resolution is the highest. Each time the aperture adjustment rod is turned, the aperture increases or decreases by 1 mm. The audience can directly calculate the specific value after each adjustment, and this value is an integer between 1 mm and 12 mm. The audience can understand the scientific phenomenon that the size of the hole in the pinhole imaging affects the imaging effect in combination with the specific value and phenomenon.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a small hole imaging popular science demonstration device with an adjustable diaphragm, which is used for the exhibition of optical exhibits in science and technology museums and belongs to the field of optical science popularization education. Background Art

[0002] Around 2,450 years ago, a Chinese scholar - Mo Di (Mozi) and his students conducted the world's first experiment on small hole imaging of an inverted image. The "Mo Jing" recorded small hole imaging in this way.

[0003] The image is inverted. There is a point at the intersection. The length of the image is related to this point. The reason lies in this point.

[0004] Image. When light shines on a person, it is like shooting an arrow. The light that shines on the lower part of the person forms an image at a higher position; the light that shines on the higher part of the person forms an image at a lower position. The feet block the lower light, so an image is formed above; the head blocks the upper light, so an image is formed below. There is a point at a certain distance, and the light passes through this point, so the image is formed inside the dark box.

[0005] Here, the ancient Chinese character "dao" (topple) is used interchangeably with "inverted". "Wu" means the intersection of two beams of light. "Duan" in ancient Chinese has the meanings of "ultimate" and "tiny point". "There is a point at the intersection" refers to the intersection point of the light rays, that is, the pinhole. The reason why the projection of an object appears as an inverted image is that light travels in a straight line. At the pinhole, the light beams coming from different directions cross each other to form an inverted image. "Yu" refers to the relationship between the position of the pinhole and the size of the projection. "When light shines on a person, it is like shooting an arrow" is a very vivid metaphor. "Xu" means to shine. The light shining on a person is like shooting an arrow. "The light that shines on the lower part of the person forms an image at a higher position; the light that shines on the higher part of the person forms an image at a lower position" means that the light shining on the upper part of the person forms an image at the lower part; while the light shining on the lower part of the person forms an image at the upper part. Thus, when an upright person forms an image through a pinhole, the projection becomes inverted. "Ku" refers to the inside of the dark box. "There is a point at a certain distance, and the light passes through this point" points out the relationship between the light reflected by the object and the size of the image and the distance from the pinhole. The farther the object distance, the smaller the image; the closer the object distance, the larger the image.

[0006] The description of small hole imaging in the "Mo Jing" more than two thousand years ago is completely consistent with what is described in photographic optics.

[0007] Geometrical optics believes that in an isotropic and homogeneous medium, light travels along a straight line. This is the law of rectilinear propagation of light. The formation of shadows, solar eclipses, lunar eclipses and other phenomena can well prove this law. "Small hole imaging" is a very good example of applying this law. Many precise measurements, such as precise astronomical measurements, geodetic surveys, optical measurements and corresponding optical instruments, are based on this law.

[0008] This law has limitations. When light passes through a small hole or slit whose size is close to or smaller than the wavelength, the "diffraction" phenomenon will occur, and light will no longer travel in a straight line. When light travels in a non-uniform medium, the path of the light propagation is a curve and is no longer a straight line.

[0009] If a plate with a small hole is placed between the screen and the object, an inverted image of the object will be formed on the screen. We call this phenomenon pinhole imaging. This phenomenon reflects the property of light propagating in a straight line. The size of the pinhole determines the brightness and clarity of the image. The larger the pinhole, the brighter the image, and the smaller the pinhole, the clearer the image.

[0010] In the optical system, there is an optical part that uses a hole in a metal frame to limit the light beam, called an aperture stop. The aperture stop is also called an effective aperture. It is a hole that limits the size of the incident light beam. Its size and position affect the resolution, brightness, and depth of field of the lens imaging. When the aperture stop becomes smaller, the brightness and resolution become lower, the depth of field becomes larger, and the image size remains unchanged.

[0011] Pinhole imaging is a very important content in optical research. It not only occupies an important position in teaching experiments, but is also a must-know knowledge point in most science and technology museums. However, there are only two types of exhibits for such popular science demonstration devices in existing science and technology museums. One is a static physical model display, which allows the audience to directly watch the image formed by the model through the pinhole on the imaging board. This display form can only see simple, single, and static images. The other is a pinhole imaging physical experiment device composed of optical experimental devices. The audience can observe the imaging on the imaging board by adjusting the position of the object on the optical guide rail. The exhibits of these two popular science demonstration devices only explain the simple principle of pinhole imaging and the influence of the distance of the object on the image. The coverage is not comprehensive, and they simply point out that light must pass through the pinhole for imaging. The change in the diameter of the pinhole is not converted into a way that can be interactively operated by real objects, and the specific value of the change in the aperture is not directly known. It is more about letting the audience experience the effect. The experience brought by the physical experiment demonstration device to the audience is not very good. Many young people have been exposed to this kind of physical experiment in school, and then come to the science and technology museum to watch it, and their interest is not very sufficient. This will also affect young people's learning interest and comprehensive mastery of scientific knowledge. Some science and technology museums have such large and bulky science demonstration devices that are not easy to move. For example, when there are activities such as science popularization in schools, the size of the exhibits is limited. There are also a few science and technology museums that only use text and pictures to introduce the relevant principles of pinhole imaging to the public.

[0012] Due to the lack of a special science demonstration device for pinhole imaging with an adjustable aperture, which is used to popularize how the size of the aperture affects pinhole imaging, the existing science demonstration devices do not cover the scientific principles comprehensively, and the explanation methods of text and pictures are boring, stiff, and unattractive, which is not conducive to the public's understanding and grasp of the factors affecting the imaging effect of the aperture size in the pinhole imaging principle. At this stage, there is an urgent need for an interesting, interactive, movable, and scientific science demonstration device for pinhole imaging with an adjustable aperture, which is suitable for use in science and technology museums or mobile science caravans to popularize the factors affecting the aperture size on the imaging effect. Summary of the invention

[0013] Purpose of the invention: The present invention solves the problem of the lack of a special pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture, provides a scientific phenomenon of how the size of the aperture affects the imaging effect in the pinhole imaging principle, and at the same time provides a science and technology museum, science popularization center or mobile science popularization caravan with a pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture that is interesting, interactive, scientific, easy to use, easy to move and low-cost.

[0014] Technical solution: A pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture, comprising a base, a light source box, an imaging box, an aperture adjuster, an aperture, and a switch button; wherein the light source box has a light-transmitting hole pattern on the surface and an LED light strip inside, which is installed on the right side of the base and fixed to the base; the height of the imaging box is consistent with the height and width of the light source box, a rectangular observation port is provided on the left side of the front, a first circular hole is provided on the right side, the inner wall on the left side is an imaging surface, the surface is painted white, and it is installed on the left side of the base, the first circular hole surface on the right side of the imaging box is opposite to the light-transmitting pattern hole surface of the light source box, and is fixed to the base; the aperture adjuster comprises a second circular hole, an aperture adjustment rod, a wavy groove, a stopper, a rectangular notch, an upper limit baffle, and a lower limit baffle, which is installed on the right side of the imaging box, the first circular hole is coaxial with the second circular hole, and is fixed to the imaging box; the aperture is installed on the aperture adjuster, the outer ring is nested on the inner wall of the second circular hole, and the outer ring is fixed to the aperture adjuster; the switch button is connected to the LED light strip line inside the light source box and is installed in front of the base;

[0015] Furthermore, the pattern of light-transmitting holes on the surface of the light source box is a left-right symmetrical and up-down asymmetrical structure; the LED light strips inside the light source box are arranged in parallel and fixed at the rear side of the light source box and fixed to the light source box.

[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the second circular hole is equal to that of the first circular hole, the aperture adjustment rod is installed on the second circular hole of the aperture adjuster, and can rotate around the central axis of the second circular hole, the aperture adjustment rod has a rectangular notch inside and a wavy groove outside, the middle of the limiter is in the shape of a triangular protrusion, which is installed on the aperture adjuster and fixed to the aperture adjuster, the triangular protrusion is located in the wavy groove, and the diameter of the aperture change of each rotation of the aperture adjustment rod can be limited to 1mm; the upper limit baffle is installed on the upper side of the aperture adjuster, fixed to the aperture adjuster, and limits the upper maximum position of the aperture adjustment rod, and the lower limit baffle is installed on the lower side of the aperture adjuster, fixed to the aperture adjuster, and limits the lower maximum position of the aperture adjustment rod, so that the aperture adjustment range is between the maximum aperture and the minimum aperture;

[0017] Furthermore, the aperture includes a maximum light-clearing aperture, a minimum light-clearing aperture, a handle, and an outer ring; the maximum light-clearing aperture diameter is 12 mm, the minimum light-clearing aperture diameter is 1 mm, the handle is installed in the rectangular notch of the aperture adjustment rod, is fixed to the rectangular notch, and can rotate synchronously with the handle to enlarge or reduce the light-clearing aperture; the outer ring is coaxial with the second circular hole.

[0018] Beneficial effects: A pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture. The light source illuminates a custom light-transmitting pattern, and after passing through the pinhole, an inverted image is formed in the imaging box. The aperture adjuster is used to adjust the size of the light-transmitting aperture in the pinhole imaging. During the adjustment process, the audience can see that if the light-transmitting aperture is larger, the image is more blurred, and if the light-transmitting aperture is smaller, the image is clearer. This science demonstration device enables the public to understand how the size of the hole affects the imaging effect in the pinhole imaging principle, breaking the monotony and dullness of traditional pinhole imaging science demonstration devices. A pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture is low-cost, compact, and easy to move. It is suitable for use in science and technology museums and science caravans. A pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture increases interactivity and fun, and is conducive to the public's understanding of the impact of the size of the hole on the imaging effect in the pinhole imaging principle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of a pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front effect of the light box.

[0021] Figure 3 Side cutaway view of the light box.

[0022] Figure 4 Imaging box structure diagram.

[0023] Figure 5Front view of the aperture adjuster.

[0024] Figure 6 Diagram of the aperture structure.

[0025] Among them, 1. base; 2. light source box; 3. imaging box; 4. iris adjuster; 5. iris; 6. switch button; 21. light-transmitting hole pattern. 22. LED light strip. 31. first circular hole; 32. rectangular observation hole; 33. imaging surface. 41. second circular hole; 42. iris adjustment rod; 43. wavy groove; 44. stopper; 45. rectangular notch; 46. upper limit stopper; 47. lower limit stopper. 51. maximum light aperture; 52. minimum light aperture; 53. handle; 54. outer ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is a detailed description of an implementation of a pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture according to the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] The invention discloses a pinhole imaging popular science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture, comprising a base 1, a light source box 2, an imaging box 3, an aperture adjuster 4, an aperture 5, and a switch button 6.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, among them.

[0029] 1 is a base, which is made of metal.

[0030] 2 is a light source box, which is made of fiberglass.

[0031] 3 is an imaging box, which is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.

[0032] 4 is an aperture adjuster, which is made of acrylic.

[0033] 5 is an aperture, which is made of plastic.

[0034] 6 is the switch button, the wire is wrapped by a protective film, and it adopts a metal stainless steel mechanical control with a ring LED indicator 220V switch.

[0035] The light source box 2 is installed on the right side of the base 1 and is fixed to the base 1; the imaging box 3 is installed on the left side of the base 1 and is fixed to the base 1; the iris adjuster 4 is installed on the right side of the imaging box 3 and is fixed to the imaging box 3; the iris 5 is installed on the iris adjuster 4 and is fixed to the iris adjuster 4; the switch button 6 is installed in front of the base 1;

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, there is a light-transmitting hole pattern 21 on the surface of the light source box 2, and the pattern is a left-right symmetrical and up-down asymmetrical structure.

[0037] like Figure 3As shown, the LED light strips 22 inside the light source box 2 are arranged in parallel and installed inside the light source box behind the light-transmitting pattern holes.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the imaging box 3 has a rectangular observation port 32 on the left side of the front, a first circular hole 31 on the right side, and an imaging surface 33 on the left inner wall, which is painted white and installed on the left side of the base 1 and fixed to the base 1.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the aperture adjuster 4 includes a second circular hole 41, an aperture adjustment rod 42, a wavy groove 43, a stopper 44, a rectangular notch 45, an upper limit stopper 46, and a lower limit stopper 47. The aperture adjustment rod 42 is installed on the second circular hole 41 of the aperture adjuster 4 and can rotate around the central axis of the second circular hole 41. The aperture adjustment rod 42 has a rectangular notch 45 inside and a wavy groove 43 outside. The stopper 44 has a triangular protrusion in the middle and is installed on the aperture adjuster 4 to contact the aperture adjuster 4. The iris adjuster 4 is fixed, and the triangular protrusion is located in the wavy groove 43, which can limit the diameter of the light aperture change to 1 mm each time the iris adjuster rod 42 rotates; the upper limit baffle 46 is installed on the upper side of the iris adjuster 4, and is fixed to the iris adjuster 4, limiting the upper maximum position of the iris adjuster rod 42; the lower limit baffle 47 is installed on the lower side of the iris adjuster 4, and is fixed to the iris adjuster 4, limiting the lower maximum position of the iris adjuster rod 42.

[0040] like Figure 6 As shown, the aperture 5 includes a maximum light-clearing aperture 51, a minimum light-clearing aperture 52, a handle 53, and an outer ring 54; the diameter of the maximum light-clearing aperture 51 is 12 mm, the diameter of the minimum light-clearing aperture 52 is 1 mm, the handle 53 is installed in the rectangular notch 45 of the aperture adjustment rod 42, and is fixed to the rectangular notch 45, and can rotate synchronously with the handle 53 to enlarge or reduce the light-clearing aperture; the outer ring 54 is coaxial with the second circular hole 41.

[0041] Specific implementation plan.

[0042] The present invention discloses a pinhole imaging science popularization demonstration device with an adjustable aperture. When the public presses a switch button, an LED light strip inside a light source box lights up, and light passes through a light-transmitting hole pattern and then passes through the aperture to form an inverted and enlarged real image on an imaging surface of the imaging box. The aperture adjustment rod of the aperture adjuster is slid up and down to adjust the size of the aperture. The public can clearly observe that as the size of the aperture changes continuously, the brightness and resolution of the pattern also change accordingly. When the aperture is adjusted to the maximum, the diameter of the aperture is 12 mm, the pattern is the darkest, the resolution is the lowest, and the imaging is the most blurred. When the aperture is adjusted to the minimum, the diameter of the aperture is 1 mm, the pattern is the brightest, the resolution is the highest, and the imaging is the clearest. Each time the audience rotates the aperture adjustment rod, the aperture increases or decreases by 1 mm. The audience can directly calculate the specific value after each adjustment. The value varies between 1 mm and 12 mm, and the value is an integer. The audience can understand the scientific phenomenon of how the size of the hole in pinhole imaging affects the imaging effect in the pinhole imaging principle in combination with the specific value and phenomenon.

Claims

1. A pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture, characterized in that A pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture comprises a base, a light source box, an imaging box, an aperture adjuster, an aperture, and a switch button; wherein the light source box has a light-transmitting hole pattern on its surface, the light-transmitting hole pattern is a left-right symmetrical and up-down asymmetrical structure, an LED light strip is arranged inside, the LED light strip is arranged in parallel, and is fixed to the rear side of the inside of the light source box, fixed to the light source box, and the light source box is installed on the right side of the base, fixed to the base; the height of the imaging box is consistent with the height and width of the light source box, a rectangular observation port is provided on the left side of the front, a first circular hole is provided on the right side, the left inner wall is an imaging surface, the surface is painted white, and is installed on the left side of the base, the first circular hole surface on the right side of the imaging box is opposite to the light-transmitting pattern hole surface of the light source box, and is fixed to the base; the aperture adjuster comprises a second circular hole, an aperture adjustment rod, a wavy groove, a limiter, a rectangular notch, an upper limit baffle, and a lower limit baffle, which are installed on the right side of the imaging box, the first circular hole is coaxial with the second circular hole, and is fixed to the imaging box The iris adjustment rod is mounted on the second circular hole of the iris adjuster and can rotate around the central axis of the second circular hole. The iris adjustment rod has a rectangular notch inside and a wavy groove outside. The stopper has a triangular protrusion in the middle, which is mounted on the iris adjuster and fixed to the iris adjuster. The triangular protrusion is located in the wavy groove, which can limit the diameter of the aperture change of each rotation of the iris adjustment rod to 1mm. The iris includes a maximum aperture, a minimum aperture, a handle, and an outer ring. The maximum aperture diameter is 12mm, and the minimum aperture diameter is 1mm. The handle is mounted in the rectangular notch of the iris adjustment rod and fixed to the rectangular notch. It can rotate synchronously with the handle to enlarge or reduce the aperture. The outer ring is coaxial with the second circular hole. The iris is mounted on the iris adjuster, and the outer ring is nested on the inner wall of the second circular hole. The outer ring is fixed to the iris adjuster. The switch button is connected to the LED light strip line inside the light source box and is mounted in front of the base.

2. The pinhole imaging science demonstration device with an adjustable aperture according to claim 1, characterized in that The second circular hole has a diameter equal to that of the first circular hole; the upper limit baffle is installed on the upper side of the iris adjuster and is fixed to the iris adjuster to limit the upper maximum position of the iris adjustment rod; the lower limit baffle is installed on the lower side of the iris adjuster and is fixed to the iris adjuster to limit the lower maximum position of the iris adjustment rod, so that the aperture adjustment range is between the maximum aperture and the minimum aperture.

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