Bone reamer and method of use thereof

Abstract

A bone reamer includes a shaft having a first end and a second end. The second end is configured to be connected to a rotary power source. A head of the reamer includes a trailing surface connected to the first end of the shaft, a cutting face located on an opposite side of the head relative to the trailing surface, and a peripheral portion having an inner peripheral diameter and an outer peripheral diameter. The outer peripheral diameter defines an outer boundary of the trailing surface and the cutting face. A blade member of the reamer is disposed on the cutting face and spans at least across the inner peripheral diameter of the peripheral portion. A center bit is disposed on the cutting face. The bit and the cutting blade are coaxial with a central axis of the reamer.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 731,962, filed September 16, 2018, entitled “Disposable Glenoid Reamer,” pursuant to 119(e) of the U.S. Patent Act 35 U.S.S. Section 119(e), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application primarily relates to orthopedic surgery and to bone reamers for use on articular surfaces in replacement joints (such as shoulder prostheses). More specifically, but not exclusively, this application relates to glenoid reamers for shoulder replacement surgery and methods of using them. Background Technology

[0004] Bone reamers are used to work bone to receive orthopedic implants. For example, a surgeon may place the cutting head of a bone reamer in the glenoid fossa of the scapula. The surgeon uses an external, rotatable drive source to rotate the reamer, causing the cutting teeth to rotate and remove bone from the glenoid surface. Because the diameter of the cutting head is relatively fixed and uniform, the surgeon typically removes a relatively small amount of bone and then removes the cutting head from the glenoid surface to view the cut surface. If additional bone must be removed, the surgeon needs to reinsert the cutting head into the existing opening in the soft tissue and place it on the glenoid surface to be cut.

[0005] Currently, bone reamers are typically manufactured as interchangeable standard parts, and these standard parts are sold in sets of a range of diameters. These manufactured reamer tool sets come with several reamer cutting heads, providing several hole sizes ranging from approximately 20 mm to approximately 60 mm in 0.5 mm increments, sometimes offering a total of more than 25 hole sizes. Due to the need for a close prosthesis fit, a variety of drilling tools of different sizes are required to provide the most precise cutting and optimal hole diameter.

[0006] In the past, reamers consisted of two parts: a solid reamer cutting head and a reamer spindle connected to the reamer head assembly. The solid reamer cutting head was a hollow cylinder machined from a single piece of metal, with a series of protruding cutting blades on its outer surface.

[0007] Currently, reamer cutting heads are typically made from a single piece of biocompatible metal. Traditional reamer cutting heads are manufactured using complex precision machining techniques that form a central cylinder and a series of protruding reamer cutting inserts. This manufacturing process is time-consuming and costly.

[0008] Due to the high cost of their manufacturing process, traditional reamers are typically reused multiple times. Over time, with use and repeated use, the cutting edges become dull. Therefore, it is necessary to sharpen and / or replace the reamer cutting edges. However, sharpening or replacement incurs additional costs. Furthermore, reusable parts increase the possibility of infection. Sterilization processes may not be able to remove all possible sources of infection, such as bacteria.

[0009] Unfortunately, there is no easy way to assess the cutting effectiveness of reamers after use and reuse. Often, it's not until the surgeon uses the reamer again that they realize the cutting was incorrect. In many cases, the reamer is not found to be ineffective, dull, or contaminated until the reaming process begins or even after it's complete. Good surgical outcomes depend heavily on using a sharp, sterile reamer in optimal condition. Using a dull or damaged reamer can lead to poor surgical results, such as damage or rupture of the glenoid fossa.

[0010] Processing the articular surfaces in bone structures to receive orthopedic implants typically requires a reaming and drilling process involving at least two steps (usually three). This is because many orthopedic implants have multiple bone fixation elements used to securely attach to the bone structure to which the implant is attached.

[0011] Furthermore, due to limited exposure during surgery, surgeons have varying preferences regarding the configuration of bone reamer heads. To accommodate these different preferences, a kit for bone reaming may need to include several bone reamers with different external profiles to address exposure issues and ensure bone quality, with each additional reamer head profile increasing the kit's cost. Alternatively, multiple kits can be provided, each with a specific reamer configuration, which will also increase the cost of each kit.

[0012] There is a need in the art for a low-cost, disposable bone reamer with a novel blade and assembly head design. Furthermore, the bone reamer required in the art should be able to process bone in a single reaming process. Additionally, the bone reamer required in the art should have an adjustable external profile to accommodate different surgeon preferences. Summary of the Invention

[0013] This application provides a bone reamer for shoulder arthroplasty. This application also provides a method for using the bone reamer.

[0014] On one hand, this article provides a bone reamer comprising a shaft having a first end and a second end. The second end is for connection to a power source. The head of the reamer includes a rear surface connected to the first end of the shaft, a cutting surface located on the opposite side of the head relative to the rear surface, and an outer peripheral portion having an inner circumferential diameter and an outer circumferential diameter. The outer circumferential diameter defines the outer boundaries of the rear surface and the cutting surface. A cutting insert assembly of the reamer is disposed on the cutting surface and at least spans the inner circumferential diameter of the peripheral portion. The cutting insert assembly includes a first cutting insert portion having a first cutting edge and a second cutting insert portion having a second cutting edge. The first and second cutting edges are disposed on opposite sides of the cutting insert assembly. A center drill bit of the reamer is disposed on the cutting surface between the first and second cutting edges of the cutting insert assembly. The center drill bit and the cutting insert assembly are coaxial with the central axis of the reamer.

[0015] On the other hand, this document provides a bone reamer comprising a shaft having a first end and a second end. The second end is configured to be connected to a power source. The head of the reamer includes a rear surface connected to the first end of the shaft, a cutting surface located on the opposite side of the head relative to the rear surface, and an outer peripheral portion having an inner circumferential diameter and an outer circumferential diameter. The outer circumferential diameter defines the outer boundaries of the rear surface and the cutting surface. The peripheral portion also includes a first removable member. The first removable member includes a first end having a breakable connection to an adjacent first segment of the peripheral portion. The first end is configured to disengage from the first portion when a predetermined torque is applied to the first removable member. The first removable member also includes a second end spaced apart from an adjacent second segment of the peripheral portion. The second portion of the peripheral portion has only a circular surface disposed between the rear surface of the head and the cutting surface. A cutting insert member of the reamer is disposed on the cutting surface and extends at least across the inner circumferential diameter of the peripheral portion. The cutting insert member includes a first cutting insert portion having a first cutting edge and a second cutting insert portion having a second cutting edge. The first and second cutting edges are disposed on opposite sides of the cutting insert member.

[0016] On the other hand, this article provides a disposable surgical kit comprising a bone reamer configured to simultaneously machine a smooth circular surface and a central bore in bone. The bone reamer includes a shaft having a first end and a second end. The second end is configured to be connected to a power source. The head of the bone reamer includes a rear surface connected to the first end of the shaft, a cutting surface located on the opposite side of the head relative to the rear surface, and a peripheral portion having an inner circumferential diameter and an outer circumferential diameter. The outer circumferential diameter defines the outer boundaries of the rear surface and the cutting surface. A blade assembly of the reamer is disposed on the cutting surface and at least spans the inner circumferential diameter of the peripheral portion. The blade assembly includes a first blade portion having a first cutting edge and a second blade portion having a second cutting edge. The first and second cutting edges are disposed on opposite sides of the blade assembly. A central drill bit of the reamer is disposed on the cutting surface between the first and second cutting edges of the blade assembly. The central drill bit and the blade assembly are coaxial with the central axis of the reamer. A pin in the kit is used to correctly position the bone reamer on the bone. An implant in the kit is used for insertion into a smooth circular surface and a central bore in the bone.

[0017] On the other hand, this article provides a method for surgically implanting orthopedic implants into bone. The method includes surgically exposing the surface of the bone. A sizer, each of different sizes, is selected from a plurality of sizers. The sizer is held against a portion of the bone using a handle to locate the center of that portion of the bone. A pin is inserted into a through-hole in the handle and held against the center of that portion of the bone. The pin is hammered into the center of that portion of the bone. A bone reamer is slid across the pin to align the reamer with the center of that portion of the bone. The portion of the bone is machined using the reamer to simultaneously create a smooth, circular surface, drill a central hole, and cut an annular groove. The central hole, annular groove, and circular surface are coaxial. A test piece is slid across the pin to test the fit of the implant. The implant is inserted into the central hole and onto the circular surface using an insertion tool.

[0018] The various aspects of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and thus these and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become apparent. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and form part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present application and, together with the detailed description herein, serve to explain the application. The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the application. It should be emphasized that, in accordance with standard industry practice, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, for clarity, the dimensions of various features may be arbitrarily increased or decreased. The present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which clearly demonstrate the foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present application. The specific drawings are as follows:

[0020] Figure 1 A bottom perspective view of a bone reamer according to one aspect of this application is shown;

[0021] Figure 2 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 1 The top perspective view of the bone reamer shown;

[0022] Figure 3 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 1 The top view of the bone reamer shown;

[0023] Figure 4 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 1 The bottom view of the bone reamer shown;

[0024] Figure 5 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 1 The side view of the bone reamer shown;

[0025] Figure 6 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 1 The image shows a bottom perspective view of a bone reamer, with two removable components removed to form a bowtie shape.

[0026] Figure 7 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 6 The top perspective view of the bone reamer shown;

[0027] Figure 8 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 6 The top view of the bone reamer shown;

[0028] Figure 9 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 6 The bottom view of the bone reamer shown;

[0029] Figure 10 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 6 The side view of the bone reamer shown;

[0030] Figure 11 A top perspective view of an orthopedic implant according to one aspect of this application is shown.

[0031] Figure 12 One aspect according to this application is shown. Figure 11 A bottom-view perspective view of the orthopedic implant shown;

[0032] Figure 13 A top perspective view of the reverse implant according to this application is shown;

[0033] Figure 14 The following is shown according to this application: Figure 13 The image shows a bottom-view perspective view of the reverse implant.

[0034] Figure 15 A block diagram of a method for surgically manipulating bone to receive an orthopedic implant, according to one aspect of this application, is shown.

[0035] Figure 16 A perspective view of a kit of various measuring devices with bone reamers according to this application is shown;

[0036] Figure 17 A perspective view of the handle according to this application is shown;

[0037] Figure 18 A perspective view of the handle and measuring device placed in the glenoid cavity of the patient according to this application is shown;

[0038] Figure 19 A perspective view of the pin according to this application is shown;

[0039] Figure 20 A perspective view of a pin inserted into a through hole in a handle according to this application is shown;

[0040] Figure 21 A perspective view of a bone reamer according to this application, which slides on a pin and engages with the glenoid cavity in the appropriate position;

[0041] Figure 22 A perspective view of the glenoid recess according to this application is shown, in which a bone reamer has machined a coaxial, smooth, circular surface, a circular groove, and a central bore.

[0042] Figure 23 A perspective view of an experimental implant according to this application is shown, the experimental implant extending through a pin for insertion into the glenoid cavity;

[0043] Figure 24 A perspective view of an insertion tool according to this application for inserting an experimental implant into a treated glenoid bone is shown;

[0044] Figure 25 A perspective view of a test implant, according to this application, fully inserted into a treated glenoid bone;

[0045] Figure 26 A side perspective view of the implant fully inserted into the glenoid fossa according to this application is shown; and

[0046] Figure 27 A side view of a glenoid implant fully inserted into the glenoid bone according to this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0047] This article primarily discloses the bone reamer and its manufacturing method. Furthermore, surgical methods using the bone reamer are discussed.

[0048] In this detailed description and the appended claims, the terms “proximal,” “distal,” “anterior,” “posterior,” “medial,” “lateral,” “superior,” and “inferior” are defined by their standard usage to indicate a specific portion of bone or implant based on the relative position of the natural bone or the directional term used. For example, “proximal” refers to the portion of the device or implant closest to the torso, while “distal” refers to the portion of the device or implant furthest from the torso. For directional terms, “anterior” refers to the direction towards the front of the body, “posterior” to the direction towards the back of the body, “medial” to the direction towards the midline of the body, “lateral” to the direction towards the side of the body or away from the midline of the body, “superior” to the direction above, and “inferior” to the direction below another object or structure.

[0049] As used herein, the terms "exemplary" or "illustrative" mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" or "illustrative" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. Furthermore, in this specification, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "rear," "right," "front," "vertical," "horizontal," and their derivatives should be associated with the application oriented with respect to the first drawing of each embodiment.

[0050] Similarly, the positions or orientations used herein may refer to anatomical structures or surfaces. For example, when the current bone reamers, implants, devices, systems, and methods described herein treat the shoulder bones, the surfaces, positions, orientations, or directions involved in the description of the reamers, implants, devices, systems, and methods may be based on the bones of the shoulder and upper arm. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity, the bone reamers, implants, devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein, as well as aspects, components, features, etc., are described based on one side of the human body. However, since the human body is relatively symmetrical or mirror-image based on a line of symmetry (midline), it is clearly contemplated that, without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, the bone reamers, implants, devices, systems, and methods, as well as aspects, components, features, etc., described or illustrated herein, may be altered, varied, modified, reconfigured, or otherwise modified to suit the treatment or association with the other side of the human body for the same or similar purposes. For example, the bone reamers, implants, devices, systems, and methods, as well as aspects, components, features, etc., described herein based on the right shoulder may be mirrored to the left shoulder so that they function equally well for the left shoulder, and vice versa. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity, the bone reamers, implants, devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein, as well as their aspects, components, and features, are described based on the shoulder. However, it should be understood that the aforementioned implants, devices, systems, and methods can be used for other bones in the body with similar structures, such as the lower limbs, and more specifically, for bones of the ankle, foot, and leg.

[0051] Referring to the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to indicate the same or similar parts in multiple views. In particular, Figure 1-10 Various views of the bone reamer 100 according to various aspects of this application are shown. Additionally, Figure 11-12 Various views of the implant 200 are shown, which is inserted into a drill hole and circular groove formed by the bone reamer 100. Further, Figure 13-25 The various steps of a method for processing bone for receiving orthopedic implants and the apparatus used in the method are shown.

[0052] According to various aspects of this application, Figure 1-5 A bottom perspective view of a bone reamer 100 according to a specific embodiment is shown. Figure 1 ), top perspective view ( Figure 2 Top view () Figure 3 ), bottom view ( Figure 4 ) and side view ( Figure 5 The bone reamer includes a shaft 102 and a head 104.

[0053] Shaft 102 has a first end 106 and a second end 108. The second end 108 of shaft 102 is used for connection to a power source (not shown). Figure 1-5In the illustrated embodiment, the second end 108 has three flat surfaces 110 that mate with the jaws of the drill chuck. However, several other configurations can be used to connect to the power supply. For example, the second end 108 can be indirectly connected to a remote power supply via a transmission system.

[0054] Shaft 102 includes a hollow central core 105 (in Figure 2 and 3 The cylindrical outer shell 103 (most clearly visible in the text) extends through the entire length of the reamer 100. A metal sleeve 107 can be disposed within the hollow core 105 within the shaft 102. The metal sleeve 107 provides structural support for the shaft 102 and can be made of metal, such as stainless steel. As will be explained in more detail herein, the dimensions of the metal sleeve 107 and the hollow core 105 are configured to accommodate the sliding of the pin 246 (see [link to documentation]). Figure 18 and 19 The pin 246 is used to precisely position the reamer 100 during the process of treating the joint.

[0055] To reduce the manufacturing cost of the reamer 100 or to make it economically viable for single use, the housing 103 may be made solely of plastic / polymer materials. Such materials may include, for example, nylon, polyphenylsulfone, polysulfone, polyetherimide, or polycarbonate.

[0056] The head 104 includes a rear surface 112, a cutting surface 114, and a peripheral portion 116. The rear surface 112 is connected to a first end 106 of the shaft 102. In this exemplary case, the rear surface 112 is integrally connected to the shaft 102. The cutting surface 114 is disposed on the opposite side of the head 104 relative to the rear surface 112.

[0057] To make the reamer 100 economically viable for single use, the head 104 may be made solely of a plastic / polymer material, such as nylon, polyphenylsulfone, polysulfone, polyetherimide, or polycarbonate. As described above, the hollow central core 105 of the reamer 100 extends through the head 104, allowing the reamer 100 to pass through the pin 246 (see...). Figure 19 It slides up, thus accurately positioning the reamer 100 during use.

[0058] The peripheral portion 116 has an inner circumferential diameter of 118 and an outer circumferential diameter of 120 (see...). Figure 3 and Figure 4 The outer circumferential diameter 120 defines the outer boundaries of the rear surface 112 and the cutting surface 114. In addition, the upper surface of the peripheral portion 116 is part of the rear surface 112, while the lower surface of the peripheral portion 116 is part of the cutting surface 114.

[0059] The cutting tool component 122 is disposed on the cutting surface 114. The cutting tool component 122 at least spans the inner circumferential diameter 118 of the peripheral portion 115. However, in Figure 1-5 In the example shown, the blade member 122 spans the entire outer diameter 120, such that the blade member 122 is flush with the outermost boundary of the peripheral portion 116.

[0060] The cutting tool component 122 is divided into a first cutting tool portion 124 and a second cutting tool portion 126, which extend from the central axis 128 of the reamer 100 in opposite directions (see...). Figure 4 The first insert portion 126 is at an angle to the first cutting edge 130, and the second insert portion 128 is at an angle to the second cutting edge 132 (see...). Figure 1 and Figure 4 ).

[0061] The first cutting edge 130 and the second cutting edge 132 are disposed on opposite sides of the insert member 122. Thus, viewed from a bottom angle, when the bone reamer 100 rotates counterclockwise (e.g., ...), Figure 4 As indicated by the directional arrow 134, both cutting edges 130 and 132 rotate as the leading edge of the insert component 122. The reamer 100 utilizes these cutting edges 130 and 132 to cut a smooth, circular surface 252 in a portion of bone (e.g., the glenoid fossa of the scapula) (see...). Figure 20 ).

[0062] A center drill bit 136 is disposed on the cutting face 114 of the head 104, located between the first cutting edge 130 and the second cutting edge 132 of the insert member 122. The center drill bit 136 and the insert member 122 are coaxial with the central axis 128 of the reamer 100. In this case, the center drill bit 136 spans the central portion of the insert member 122. The bone reamer 100 utilizes the center drill bit 136 to drill a center hole 256 in a portion of bone (e.g., the glenoid fossa of the scapula). Figure 20 (The middle part is the clearest).

[0063] Both the center drill bit 136 and the insert assembly 122 have aligned center through holes, which are part of the hollow center core 105 of the reamer 100. A central axis 128 passes through the center of the hollow center core 105. As will be explained in more detail herein, the hollow center core 105 is sized to accommodate pin 246 (see...). Figure 19 The pin 246 slides within it and is used to precisely position the reamer 100 during bone processing.

[0064] Advantageously, the insert component 122 and the center drill 136 are combined to enable the reamer 100 to cut a smooth, circular surface 252 substantially simultaneously in a single processing step (see...). Figure 20 ) and drilled center hole 256 (see Figure 20 Combining the two bone processing steps of reaming and drilling into a single process reduces processing time and lowers the risk of bone damage. Furthermore, when both steps are performed simultaneously, the center hole 256 drilled by the drill bit 136 will be more precisely located at the center of the smooth, circular surface 252 formed by the blade assembly 122.

[0065] The bone reamer 100 also includes multiple cutting pins 138 (see...) Figure 4 These cutting spikes 138 surround the inner circumference 140 of the cutting surface 114 (see...). Figure 4 The inner circumference 140 is symmetrically arranged. It is coaxial with the central axis 128 of the reamer 100, and the diameter of the inner circumference 140 is smaller than the outer circumference diameter 120 of the peripheral portion 116. In the example shown, the diameter of the inner circumference 140 is also smaller than the inner circumference diameter 118 of the peripheral portion 116.

[0066] The number of cutting pins 138 can be at least two. Figure 1-5 In the example shown, there are 6 pins 138 distributed around the inner circumference 140. However, any number of pins 138 can be set according to the application parameters.

[0067] Each nail 138 has a generally cylindrical body with an upper portion 142 (see below). Figure 1 The upper portion extends away from the cutting surface 114 of the head 104. Each pin 138 also includes a pin cutting blade 144 located on the upper portion 142. As the bone reamer 100 rotates, the pin cutting blade 144 can be used to cut the bone. The bone reamer 100 uses multiple pins to drill annular grooves 254 in a portion of the bone (e.g., the glenoid fossa of the scapula) (see...). Figure 20 ).

[0068] Advantageously, the combination of the blade assembly 122, the center drill bit 136, and the pin 138 enables the reamer 100 to cut a smooth circular surface 252, drill a center hole 256, and create an annular groove 254 substantially simultaneously in a single step. Combining the three bone processing steps into one operation reduces process time and lowers the risk of bone damage. Furthermore, when all three steps are completed in the same bone processing step, the center hole 256 drilled by the drill bit 136 and the annular groove 254 cut by the pin 138 will be more precisely positioned relative to each other and positioned at the center of the smooth circular surface 252 produced by the blade assembly 122. In addition, compared to the center hole 256, the annular groove 254, and the smooth circular surface 252 being cut and formed separately in separate steps, the positioning of the center hole 256, the annular groove 254, and the smooth circular surface 252 by the bone reamer 100 in this example allows for more precise concentricity among them.

[0069] The peripheral portion 116 of the head 104 includes a first removable member 146 and a second removable member 148 (see...). Figure 3 The first and second removable members can each form a circular arch with a span between 30 and 90 degrees. However, other suitable circular arch sizes can be set according to application parameters.

[0070] As in Figure 3 As seen, the first removable member 146 includes a first end 150 having a breakable connection 151 connected to a first segment 152 of an adjacent peripheral portion. When a predetermined torque or force is applied to the first removable member 146, the first end 150 disengages from the first segment 152.

[0071] exist Figure 1-5 In the example shown, the breakable connection 151 includes a groove 153 formed in the peripheral portion 116, which extends partially along the width direction of the peripheral portion 116, thereby reducing the width of the peripheral portion 116. However, other breakable connections may also be used. For example, the breakable connection 151 may include one or more small through holes drilled along the width direction of the peripheral portion 116.

[0072] The first removable member 146 also includes a second end 154 spaced apart from a second segment 156 of the adjacent peripheral portion 116. The second segment 156 of the peripheral portion 116 has only a circular surface 158 disposed between the rear surface 112 of the head 104 and the cutting surface 114.

[0073] The second removable member 148 of the peripheral portion 116 includes a third end 160 having a breakable connection 162 connected to a third segment 164 of the adjacent peripheral portion 116. Similar to the first removable member 146, when a predetermined torque or force is applied to the second removable member 148, the third end 160 disengages from the third segment 164.

[0074] exist Figure 1-5 In the example shown, the breakable connection 162 includes a groove 163 formed in the peripheral portion 116, which extends partially along the width of the peripheral portion 116, thereby reducing the width of the peripheral portion 116. However, other breakable connections may also be used. For example, the breakable connection 162 may include one or more small through holes drilled along the width of the peripheral portion 116.

[0075] The second removable member 148 of the peripheral portion 116 also includes a fourth end 166, which is spaced apart from the fourth segment 168 of the adjacent peripheral portion 116. The fourth segment 168 of the peripheral portion 116 has only a circular surface 170 disposed between the rear surface 112 of the head 104 and the cutting surface 114.

[0076] Advantageously, the first removable member 146 and the second removable member 148 can be broken off from the peripheral portion 116 to form a "half-moon" shaped reamer or a "bowtie" shaped reamer (see...). Figure 6-10 This depends on the surgeon's preference when using the bone reamer 100. From an overhead view, when the bone reamer 100 is rotated counter-clockwise (e.g., ...), Figure 4 As indicated by the directional arrow 134, the circular surfaces 158 and 170 of the exposed adjacent segments 156 and 166 rotate as the leading edges of the peripheral portion 116. Therefore, the shape of the circular surfaces 158 and 170 minimizes the risk of cutting, tearing, or otherwise damaging any surrounding soft tissue.

[0077] Furthermore, due to the breakage of removable components 146 and 148, sharpened edges may appear at the ends of the first portion 152 and the third portion 164. Viewed from a low angle, when the bone reamer 100 rotates counterclockwise (e.g.) Figure 4 (As shown by the directional arrow 134), the ends of the first segment 152 and the third segment 164 rotate as the trailing edge of the peripheral portion 116. This also helps to avoid damage to any surrounding soft tissue.

[0078] According to various aspects of this application, Figure 6-10 A bottom perspective view of a bone reamer 100 after the two removable components 146, 148 have been removed, according to one embodiment. Figure 6 ), top perspective view ( Figure 7Top view () Figure 8 ), bottom view ( Figure 9 ) and side view ( Figure 10 ).exist Figure 6-10 In the illustrated embodiment, both removable components 146 and 148 have been removed to form the bowtie-shaped structure of the reamer 100 (see [reference]). Figure 8 and Figure 9 ).

[0079] Figure 6-10 All other aspects of the reamer 100 shown are the same as Figure 1-5 The reamer 100 shown is identical. Therefore, with Figure 1-5 The same discussion applies to Figure 6-10 For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0080] With the removal of the first removable member 146, a first peripheral recess 174 is formed. With the removal of the second removable member 148, a second peripheral recess 176 is formed. Figure 6-10 In the example shown, the first recess 174 and the second recess 176 form a bowtie-shaped structure of the reamer 100. However, if only one of the removable members 146, 148 is removed, the single peripheral recess 174, 176 will form a crescent-shaped structure of the reamer 100.

[0081] For more specific reference Figure 9 The circular surface 158 of the second section 158 and the circular surface 170 of the fourth section 168 can be clearly seen. Viewed from a low angle, when the bone reamer 100 rotates counterclockwise (as shown in the image), Figure 9 As indicated by the directional arrow 172, the exposed circular surfaces 158 and 170 of adjacent segments 156 and 168 rotate as the leading edges of the peripheral portion 116. Therefore, the shape of the circular surfaces 158 and 170 minimizes the risk of cutting, tearing, or otherwise damaging any surrounding soft tissue.

[0082] Additionally, due to the breakage and detachment of removable components 146 and 148, sharpened edges may appear at the ends of the first segment 152 and the third segment 164. Viewed from a low angle, when the bone reamer 100 rotates counterclockwise (e.g.) Figure 9 (As shown by the directional arrow 172), the ends of the first segment 152 and the third segment 164 rotate as the trailing edge of the peripheral portion 116. This also helps to avoid damage to any surrounding soft tissue.

[0083] According to one aspect of this application, Figure 11 and Figure 12 A top perspective view of an orthopedic implant 200 used with a bone reamer 100 is shown. Figure 11 ) and bottom perspective ( Figure 12 In this example, implant 200 serves as a specific glenoid implant for insertion into the treated glenoid bone. However, other structures of implants may also be used. Several examples of implants within the scope of this application are disclosed in: International Application No. PCT / US2019 / 043983, filed July 29, 2019; International Application No. PCT / US2019 / 043986, filed July 29, 2019; and International Application No. PCT / US2019 / 043990, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0084] The implant 200 includes a lateral portion 202, a central annular portion 204, and a medial columnar portion 206. The lateral portion 202 has a concave upper surface 208 configured to mate with the humeral head portion of the humeral implant. The lateral portion 202 also includes a tapered lower surface 210 configured to engage with a smooth, circular surface 252 at the glenoid fossa of the scapula (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 20 The smooth, circular surface 252 is formed by a reamer 100 in the glenoid recess. The outer portion also includes a first edge 212 and a second edge 214, which define a groove 216 disposed therebetween.

[0085] The intermediate annular portion 204 includes a base member 218 that contacts and extends away from the tapered lower surface 210 of the outer portion 202. A pair of fins 220 extend around the circumference of the annular portion 204. A pair of fins 220 are shown herein, but any number of fins can be provided depending on application parameters. The fins 220 are configured to be embedded and locked into an annular groove 254, which is formed by a reamer 100 cutting into the glenoid recess. The fins 220 and the base 218 form a circular recessed region 224 having a recessed bottom surface 226.

[0086] The inner columnar portion 206 includes a rod 222 that extends into the recessed region 224 and abuts the bottom surface 226 of the annular portion 204. The columnar portion 206 also includes one or more fins 228 that extend around the circumference of the rod 222. The fins 228 are configured to engage with a central borehole 256 drilled by a reamer 100 by being inserted into and locked into the glenoid recess.

[0087] Furthermore, considering that the reamer 100 can also be used to treat the glenoid fossa when using a reverse shoulder implantation system, more specifically, Figure 13 and Figure 14 A top perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an orthopedic implant 270 processed using a bone reamer 100 is shown. Figure 13) and bottom perspective ( Figure 14 In this embodiment, the orthopedic implant is a reverse implant 270. The reverse implant 270 includes a base plate 272, a central screw 274, a glenoid fossa 278, and a strut 280 for connecting the glenoid fossa 278 to the base plate 272. The central screw 274 is configured to engage and lock into a central bore 256 drilled by a reamer 100 in the glenoid fossa. At least one peripheral screw 276 is configured to engage and lock into an annular groove 254 made by a reamer 100 in the glenoid fossa.

[0088] According to one aspect of this application, Figure 15-27 This illustrates a method for surgically implanting orthopedic implants into bone. In this specific case, the method will be used to implant the orthopedic implant into the glenoid fossa of the scapula. However, this method can also be used to implant other orthopedic implants into other bones. Figure 15 A block diagram of the method steps according to this application is shown. Figure 16-27 To support each step of this method.

[0089] According to this application, Figure 16 A perspective view of the selected set of measuring instruments 230 is shown. (See surgical patient - see below) Figure 13 242 of the glenoid fossa (see 300) in the middle. Figure 16 , 18 After the surface of 19) is exposed, the measuring device 230 is selected from a plurality of measuring devices 230A, B, C, D (collectively referred to as 230) (see [reference]). Figure 13 (302 in the text). The measuring device 230 is typically disc-shaped, and its size ranges from ultra-small measuring device 230A to ultra-large measuring device 230E. The measuring device 230 is used to measure and verify the dimensions of the patient's glenoid fossa 242. Each measuring device 230 has a central hole 238.

[0090] According to this application, Figure 17 A perspective view of the handle 232 is shown. The handle 232 is used to engage the selected measuring instrument 230. The handle includes a forked end portion 234 that is bent at an acute angle. The end portion 234 has a fork 236 for mating with the center hole 238 of the measuring instrument 230.

[0091] The handle also includes a through hole 240 (see Figure 18 When the fork 236 engages with the center hole 238 of the measuring device 230, the through hole 240 aligns with the center hole 238 of the measuring device 230.

[0092] According to this application, Figure 18A perspective view is shown of a handle 232 and a measuring device 230 placed in the glenoid fossa 242 of the patient. Using the handle 232, the selected measuring device 230 is pressed against the glenoid fossa 242 of the patient's scapula 244 to measure the size of the glenoid fossa 242 and locate the center 243 of the glenoid fossa 242. Figure 13 (See 304 in the kit). If the size of the glenoid recess 242 does not match the selected measuring device 230, select another measuring device 230 from the kit until a match is achieved. Once a match is achieved, the center hole 238 of the measuring device 230 aligns with the center 243 of the glenoid recess 242 (see 304 in the kit). Figure 21 Alignment.

[0093] According to this application, Figure 19 A perspective view of pin 246 is shown. Pin 246 includes a tip 248 that operatively penetrates the bone at the glenoid fossa.

[0094] According to this application, Figure 20 A perspective view of a pin 246 inserted into a through-hole 240 of a handle 232 is shown. Next, the selected pin 246 is inserted into the through-hole 240 of the handle 232, with its tip 248 abutting against the center 243 of the glenoid recess 242 (see [reference]). Figure 15 (306 in the middle). Then hammer pin 246 into scapula 244 (see 306 in the middle). Figure 15 (308 in the middle). The tip 248 penetrates the scapula 244 at the center 243 of the glenoid fossa 242 and protrudes outward in the neck region 250 of the scapula. In this way, the pin 246 is rigidly fixed to the scapula 244 and aligned with the center of the glenoid fossa 242.

[0095] According to this application, Figure 21 A perspective view shows the bone reamer 100 sliding on pin 246 and positioned to engage the glenoid recess 242. Next, the handle 232 and measuring device 230 are slid off pin 246. The reamer 100 is then slid on pin 246 (see...). Figure 15 (310) so that the reamer is aligned with the center 243 of the glenoid recess 242.

[0096] According to this application, Figure 22 A perspective view of the glenoid recess 242 is shown, in which a bone reamer 100 machined a coaxial, smooth circular surface 252, an annular groove 254, and a central bore 256. The reamer 100 simultaneously cuts the smooth circular surface 252, drills the annular groove 254, and drills the central bore 256 (see [reference]). Figure 15 (312 in the middle). Then slide the reamer 100 off the pin 246 to expose the treated glenoid recess 242.

[0097] According to this application, Figure 23 A perspective view is shown of a test implant 258 positioned on pin 246 for insertion into glenoid recess 242. Test implant 258 is configured to have the same geometry and fit as the actual implant 200. However, test implant 258 cannot be locked in the annular groove 254 and central bore 256 as implant 200. Therefore, test implant 258 can slide along pin 246 and be inserted into groove 254 and bore 256 (see...). Figure 15 (314) is used to test the fit and size of the actual implant 200 with the humeral head implant (not shown) to which it will be fitted. By using pin 246, the test implant 258 can be accurately and easily aligned with the annular groove 254 and the central drill hole 256.

[0098] According to this application, Figure 24 A perspective view of an insertion tool 260 for inserting an experimental implant into the glenoid fossa is shown. Figure 23 As shown, in addition to using pin 246 to position the test implant 258, an insertion tool 260 can also be used to position the test implant. In this alternative method, pin 246 must be removed from the scapula 244 before using the insertion tool 260.

[0099] According to this application, Figure 25 A perspective view of the test implant 258 fully inserted into the glenoid cavity is shown. Once the test implant 258 is inserted into the glenoid cavity, the pin 246 can be removed from the scapula 244. The test implant 258 can then be used to test the fit between the glenoid implant 200 and the humeral head (not shown) to which it will be joined.

[0100] According to this application, Figure 26 and 27 A side view of the glenoid implant 200 fully inserted into the glenoid recess 242 is shown. Figure 26 ) and front view ( Figure 27 Once the test implant 258 has verified the fit of the glenoid implant 200, it can be removed, and the actual glenoid implant 200 can be inserted into the glenoid recess 242. When the glenoid implant 200 is inserted, the same insertion tool 260 used for inserting the test implant 258 can be used (see [link to insertion tool]). Figure 15 (316 in the middle).

[0101] Advantageously, by simultaneously machining a smooth circular surface 252, an annular groove 254, and a central bore 256 using a reamer 100, the glenoid implant 200 can be precisely aligned with the center 243 of the glenoid recess 242. This allows for more precise alignment compared to bone processing performed in several steps.

[0102] A disposable surgical kit for implanting orthopedic implants into bone can be assembled using the tools and apparatus shown herein. For example, the kit may include a bone reamer 100, a pin 246, and a glenoid implant 200. The bone reamer 100 of the kit is used to simultaneously machine a smooth, circular surface 252 and a central bore 256 in the bone. The bone reamer 100 includes a shaft 102 having a first end 106 and a second end 108. The second end 108 is configured to be connected to a power source. The head 104 of the bone reamer 100 includes a rear surface 112, a cutting surface 114, and a peripheral portion 116. The rear surface 112 is connected to the first end 106 of the shaft 102, the cutting surface 114 is disposed on the opposite side of the head relative to the rear surface, and the peripheral portion 116 has an inner circumferential diameter 118 and an outer circumferential diameter 120. The outer circumferential diameter 120 defines the outer boundaries of the rear surface and the cutting surface. A cutting insert member 122 of the reamer is disposed on the cutting surface and extends at least across the inner circumferential diameter of the peripheral portion. The insert assembly includes a first insert portion 124 having a first cutting edge 130 and a second insert portion 126 having a second cutting edge 132. The first and second cutting edges are disposed on opposite sides of the insert assembly. The center drill bit 136 of the reamer is disposed on the cutting surface between the first and second cutting edges of the insert assembly. The center drill bit and the insert assembly are coaxial with the central axis 128 of the reamer.

[0103] The pin 246 in the kit is used to properly position the bone reamer on the bone. The implant 200 in the kit is used for insertion into the smooth, circular surface 252 of the bone and into the central hole 256.

[0104] The surgical kit may also include an insertion tool 260 for inserting the implant 200 into the central hole 256 of the bone. The surgical kit may also include a measuring device 230 and a handle 232 for placing the pin 246 within the bone. The surgical kit may also include a test implant 258 for testing the fit of the glenoid implant 200 within the smooth, circular surface 252 of the bone and the central hole 256.

[0105] The surgical kit may also include a bone reamer configured to simultaneously machine a smooth circular surface 252, a central bore 256, and an annular groove 254 within the bone. In that case, the bone reamer 100 will also include at least two cutting studs 138 symmetrically distributed around the inner circumference 140 of the cutting surface 114. The inner circumference 140 is coaxial with the central axis 128, and its diameter is smaller than the outer circumferential diameter 120 of the peripheral portion 116.

[0106] Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the above and other embodiments of this application without departing from the scope of this application. The components (reamers, implants, devices) and / or systems disclosed in the specification and accompanying abstract and drawings may be replaced by alternative components or features, such as those disclosed in another embodiment, that can serve the same, equivalent, or similar purposes known to those skilled in the art, to achieve the same, equivalent, or similar results by such alternative components or features, thereby providing similar functionality for the intended purpose. Furthermore, reamers, implants, devices, and / or systems may include more or fewer components or features than those described and illustrated herein. For example, components and features of reamer 100 may be used interchangeably and in alternative combinations that can be modified or altered by those skilled in the art. Moreover, the steps of surgical methods associated with reamer 100 may be used interchangeably and in alternative combinations that can be modified or altered by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments is intended to illustrate this application and not to limit it.

[0107] The terminology used in this application is for describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms (a, an, the) used in this application also include the plural forms. It is also understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” “contains,” and “having” are all open-ended connecting verbs. Therefore, a method or apparatus that “comprising,” “including,” or “has” one or more steps or elements has, but is not limited to, those steps or elements. Similarly, a method step or apparatus element that “comprising,” “including,” or “has” one or more features has, but is not limited to, those features. Furthermore, an apparatus or structure configured in a certain way is configured at least in this manner, but may also be configured in a manner not listed.

[0108] This application has been described herein with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be understood that the operable embodiments described herein are intended to provide examples of multiple possible setups having the same general features, characteristics, and general system operation. After reading and understanding the foregoing detailed description, others may conceive of modifications and variations. All such modifications and variations are to be understood and included within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A bone reamer comprising: a shaft having a first end and a second end, the second end for connecting to a power source; a head comprising: a trailing surface connected to the first end of the shaft, a cutting face on an opposite side of the head relative to the trailing surface, and a peripheral portion having an inner peripheral diameter and an outer peripheral diameter, the outer peripheral diameter defining an outer boundary of the trailing surface and the cutting face; a blade member disposed on the cutting face and spanning at least across the inner peripheral diameter of the peripheral portion, the blade member configured to cut a smooth circular surface in a portion of bone during rotation of the bone reamer, and comprising: a first blade portion having a first cutting edge, a second blade portion having a second cutting edge, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge disposed on opposite sides of the blade member; and a center bit disposed on the cutting face between the first blade portion and the second blade portion of the blade member, the center bit configured to drill a center bore into the portion of bone during rotation of the bone reamer, the center bit and the blade member coaxial with a central axis of the reamer; and at least two cutting pegs spaced apart from the first blade portion and the second blade portion and distributed symmetrically about an inner circumference of the cutting face, the inner circumference coaxial with the central axis and having a diameter less than the outer peripheral diameter of the peripheral portion, the cutting pegs configured to form an annular groove in the smooth circular surface of the portion of bone formed by the blade member during rotation of the bone reamer; wherein each of the at least two cutting pegs comprises: a peg body having an upper end portion extending away from the cutting face of the head; and a peg cutting blade disposed on the upper end portion, the peg cutting blade configured to be operable to cut bone when the bone reamer is rotated; wherein the peripheral portion comprises a first removable member comprising: a first end having a frangible connection to an adjacent first segment of the peripheral portion, the first end configured to detach from the first segment upon application of a predetermined torque to the first removable member; and a second end spaced apart from an adjacent second segment of the peripheral portion, the second segment of the peripheral portion having a circular surface disposed between the trailing surface and the cutting face of the head.

2. The bone reamer according to claim 1, wherein, the at least two cutting pegs comprise six cutting pegs.

3. The bone reamer according to claim 1, wherein, the peripheral portion comprises a second removable member comprising: a third end having a frangible connection to an adjacent third segment of the peripheral portion, the third end configured to detach from the third segment upon application of a predetermined torque to the second removable member; and a fourth end spaced apart from an adjacent fourth segment of the peripheral portion, the fourth segment of the peripheral portion having a circular surface disposed between the trailing surface and the cutting face of the head.

4. The bone reamer according to claim 3, wherein, The first and second removable members each form a circular arc arch spanning between 30 and 45 degrees.

5. The bone reamer of claim 1, wherein: the head is composed of only a polymer material; and the shaft includes: a cylindrical housing having a hollow central core, the housing composed of only a polymer material, and a metal sleeve disposed within the hollow central core.

6. The bone reamer of claim 1, the bone reamer is a disposable bone reamer configured to simultaneously machine a circular surface and a central bore in a bone; wherein the bone reamer is configured to receive a pin for placing the bone reamer on a bone; and the bone is configured to receive an implant in the circular surface and the central bore for insertion into the bone.

7. The bone reamer of claim 1, wherein, the bone reamer is configured to simultaneously machine a circular surface, a central bore, and an annular recess in a bone.

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