Variable diameter trephination device and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a variable-diameter hole-forming drill device and a use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of drilling. The variable-diameter hole-forming drill device comprises a drilling machine, a drilling fluid conveying device, a drill bit and a reamer. One end of the reamer is fixedly connected with a drill rod, the other end of the reamer is fixedly connected with the drill bit, and the drill rod is installed on the drilling machine. The drill rod is hollow, one end of the drill rod exposed out of a borehole is communicated with the drilling fluid conveying device, and the other end of the drill rod is communicated with the reamer. The reamer is provided with a channel which is communicated with the drill rod and the outside of the reamer. The variable-diameter hole-forming drill device can solve the problem that drilling slag cannot be discharged when the variable-diameter hole-forming drill device is used in the presence of a shield plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a variable diameter cavity drilling device and its usage method, belonging to the field of variable diameter cavity drilling technology. Background Technology

[0002] like Figure 1 The traditional coal uncovering method shown is an 11-step process, but this process requires human intervention, mainly for the following reasons:

[0003] Complexity: The mine environment is complex and unpredictable, and various unforeseen situations may occur, such as geological changes, equipment failures, and gas leaks. These situations require timely human detection and adaptive handling.

[0004] Safety monitoring: While some automated safety monitoring equipment exists, it may not cover all safety risks, such as ground subsidence and support structure cracking. This necessitates regular manual inspections and monitoring.

[0005] Equipment operation and maintenance: Many mining equipment require manual operation, adjustment and maintenance, especially in complex and changing mining environments;

[0006] Emergency Response: In the event of an emergency in the mine, such as a fire, explosion, or gas leak, an immediate emergency response is required, including rescue, evacuation, and firefighting.

[0007] The problem with manned operations is that once any safety issue occurs, such as ground subsidence, support structure rupture, or coal and gas outburst, no matter how minor, operations must be stopped for safety reasons. This results in the low efficiency of the traditional 11-step construction method.

[0008] In addition, the traditional 11-step method requires tunneling for determination, which involves drilling many holes to remove gas and relieve pressure. According to regulations, these tasks require cumbersome preparation, which also leads to the low construction efficiency of the traditional 11-step method.

[0009] To address the above issues, the applicant developed a remote automated coal uncovering method for gradually expanding and depressurizing coalbed methane gas. This method requires a shield plate, matching the roadway cross-section, to be fixedly installed at the roadway cross-section, with perforations drilled in the shield plate. Under unmanned operation, a variable-diameter cavity-creating device is used to create cavities from the perforations towards the roadway cross-section. The device first drills a hole with the smallest diameter, then expands the hole several times, with each expansion resulting in a larger diameter than the previous one, up to a maximum diameter of 800 mm. However, this coal uncovering method has a problem: the diameter of the perforations at the shield plate remains constant during the expansion process, and the shield plate always blocks the borehole. Existing drilling rigs' cuttings are blocked by the shield plate. How to remove drilling cuttings from the borehole under these conditions is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a variable diameter hole-making drilling device and a method of using it, including a drilling rig, a drilling fluid delivery device, a drill bit and a reamer;

[0011] One end of the reamer is fixedly connected to the drill rod, and the other end of the reamer is fixedly connected to the drill bit. The drill rod is mounted on the drilling rig. The drill rod is hollow, with one end of the drill rod protruding from the borehole connected to the drilling fluid delivery device, and the other end of the drill rod connected to the reamer. The reamer is provided with a channel connecting the drill rod and the outside of the reamer.

[0012] Furthermore, the reamer includes a controller, a gyroscope, a body, a reamer cutter, a drive rod, a plunger pump, an air tank, a one-way check valve, a pneumatic hydraulic cylinder, and a pin;

[0013] The main body has two storage slots distributed along its length. The two storage slots are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main body. A reaming tool is rotatably connected to the storage slot via a rotating shaft. The reaming tool rotates on the rotating shaft, changing the angle between the reaming tool and the main body. When the angle between the reaming tool and the main body is 0 degrees, the reaming tool is neatly stored in the storage slot. The reaming tool is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft via a gear. One side of the gear is fixedly connected to one end of the reaming tool, and the gear is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft.

[0014] The body has a sliding hole, the central axis of which is parallel to the length direction of the body, and the sliding hole is located on the side of the receiving groove on the body near the drill bit.

[0015] One end of the drive rod is a guide block that matches the sliding hole, and the drive rod is slidably connected to the sliding hole. The other end of the drive rod is a rack that matches the gear, and the rack and gear mesh with each other. The end of the drive rod near the drill bit is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder. The length direction of the output shaft of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder is parallel to the length direction of the drive rod. The input port of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder is connected to the output port of the air tank. An electromagnetic valve is provided on the connecting pipe between the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder and the air tank. The electromagnetic valve is electrically connected to the controller.

[0016] The inlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the outlet of the plunger pump, and the inlet of the plunger pump is connected to the outside. A one-way check valve is provided between the gas storage tank and the plunger pump. The one-way check valve is in the direction of conduction from the plunger pump to the gas storage tank. The plunger pump is electrically connected to the controller.

[0017] The gyroscope is housed within the main body and is electrically connected to the controller.

[0018] The main body has a pin hole at one end near the drill bit that matches the pin. A spring is installed in the pin hole. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pin hole, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the pin. The pin is slidably installed in the pin hole. When the spring compression rate exceeds the set value, the pin is completely hidden in the pin hole. When the spring compression rate is lower than the set value, the pin is exposed in the pin hole.

[0019] The pin is wedge-shaped, with its inclined surface located in the opposite direction of rotation during the body's excavation and its vertical surface located in the direction of rotation during the body's excavation.

[0020] The drill bit is rotatably connected to the end of the body, and the shaft of the plunger pump is fixedly connected to the shaft of the drill bit. The drill bit is provided with a insertion hole with the same lateral dimension as the pin hole. The lateral dimension refers to the projected dimension on a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the drill bit.

[0021] Furthermore, the pin hole is an arc with the body as its central axis.

[0022] A method of using a variable-diameter cavity drilling device, the method comprising:

[0023] S01. Receive the reamer into the storage slot and use the drill bit to drill a hole from the through hole until the hole reaches the predetermined depth.

[0024] S02, rotate the drill rod in the opposite direction to the set value. The gyroscope sends the measured angular velocity of the drill rod to the controller. The controller determines the state of the drill rod as energy storage based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls the solenoid valve to close.

[0025] S03. Measure whether the reverse rotation time reaches the set value. If it reaches the set value, stop the reverse rotation and the drill rod is pulled outward by a set distance. Then control the drill rod to rotate in the forward direction. The gyroscope sends the measured body angular velocity to the controller. The controller determines the drill rod state as hole enlargement based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls the solenoid valve to open.

[0026] S04. Rotate the drill rod forward to enlarge the hole until the drill bit reaches the bottom of the hole;

[0027] S05. Jump to step S02 and increment the number of loops. If the number of loops is greater than the set value, jump to step S06.

[0028] S06, End.

[0029] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0030] In steps S01, S03 and S04, drilling fluid is delivered into the borehole through the drill pipe, and in step S02, the delivery of drilling fluid is stopped.

[0031] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0032] Measure the pressure on the drill rod along its length.

[0033] When the pressure exceeds the set threshold, apply the same pressure to the borehole using the drill pipe.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this invention utilizes a drilling fluid delivery device to deliver drilling fluid to the borehole where the reamer is located through the drill pipe. Since the drilling fluid is a liquid, it can flow out from a small gap, thereby carrying the drill cuttings drilled out of the borehole and realizing borehole cleaning when making a cavity with a variable diameter under the obstruction of the shield plate. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 The flowchart below shows the construction method of the background technology of this invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial view at point A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial view at point B in the middle;

[0039] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the drill bit of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the drill bit of the present invention from another perspective.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a circuit connection block diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] refer to Figure 1-7 A variable-diameter hole-making drilling device includes a drilling rig 3, a drilling fluid delivery device 4, a drill bit 6-11, and a reamer; one end of the reamer is fixedly connected to a drill rod 5, and the other end of the reamer is fixedly connected to the drill bit 6-11. The drill rod 5 is mounted on the drilling rig 3; the drill rod 5 is hollow, with one end of the drill rod 5 protruding from the borehole connected to the drilling fluid delivery device 4, and the other end of the drill rod 5 connected to the reamer; the reamer is provided with a channel connecting the drill rod 5 and the outside of the reamer.

[0045] The drilling fluid delivery device delivers drilling fluid to the borehole where the reamer is located through the drill pipe. Since the drilling fluid is a liquid, it can flow out through small gaps, thereby carrying the drill cuttings out of the borehole and realizing borehole cleaning when changing diameter and creating a cavity under the cover of the shield.

[0046] Furthermore, the hole expander includes a controller 6-12, a gyroscope 6-13, a body 6-1, a hole expander 6-2, a drive rod 6-3, a plunger pump 6-8, an air tank 6-6, a one-way check valve 6-7, a pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4, and a pin 6-10;

[0047] The main body 6-1 has two storage slots 6-1-1 distributed along its length. The two storage slots 6-1-1 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main body 6-1. A reaming tool 6-2 is rotatably connected to the storage slot 6-1-1 via a rotating shaft. The reaming tool 6-2 rotates on the rotating shaft, changing the angle between the reaming tool 6-2 and the main body 6-1. When the angle between the reaming tool 6-2 and the main body 6-1 is 0 degrees, the reaming tool 6-2 is neatly stored in the storage slot 6-1-1. The reaming tool 6-2 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft via a gear 6-2-1. One side of the gear 6-2-1 is fixedly connected to one end of the reaming tool 6-2, and the gear 6-2-1 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft.

[0048] The body 6-1 has a sliding hole 6-1-2 inside, the central axis of the sliding hole 6-1-2 is parallel to the length direction of the body 6-1, and the sliding hole 6-1-2 is located on the side of the receiving groove 6-1-1 on the body 6-1 near the drill bit 6-11;

[0049] One end of the drive rod 6-3 is a guide block 6-3-2 that matches the sliding hole 6-1-2. The drive rod 6-3 is slidably connected to the sliding hole 6-1-2. The other end of the drive rod 6-3 is a rack 6-3-1 that matches the gear 6-2-1. The rack 6-3-1 and the gear 6-2-1 mesh with each other. The end of the drive rod 6-3 near the drill bit 6-11 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4. The length direction of the output shaft of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 is parallel to the length direction of the drive rod 6-3. The input port of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 is connected to the output port of the air tank 6-6. A solenoid valve 6-5 is provided on the connecting pipe between the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 and the air tank 6-6. The solenoid valve 6-5 is electrically connected to the controller 6-12.

[0050] The inlet of the gas storage tank 6-6 is connected to the outlet of the plunger pump 6-8, and the inlet of the plunger pump 6-8 is connected to the outside. A one-way check valve 6-7 is provided between the gas storage tank 6-6 and the plunger pump 6-8. The conduction direction of the one-way check valve 6-7 is from the plunger pump 6-8 to the gas storage tank 6-6. The plunger pump 6-8 is electrically connected to the controller 6-12.

[0051] The gyroscope 6-13 is installed inside the main body 6-1 and is electrically connected to the controller 6-12.

[0052] The main body 6-1 has a pin hole 6-8a that matches the pin 6-10 at one end near the drill bit 6-11. A spring 6-9 is installed in the pin hole 6-8a. One end of the spring 6-9 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pin hole 6-8a, and the other end of the spring 6-9 is fixedly connected to the pin 6-10. The pin 6-10 is slidably installed in the pin hole 6-8a. When the compression rate of the spring 6-9 exceeds the set value, the pin 6-10 is completely hidden in the pin hole 6-8a. When the compression rate of the spring 6-9 is lower than the set value, the pin 6-10 is exposed in the pin hole 6-8a.

[0053] The pin 6-10 is wedge-shaped, with the inclined surface of the pin 6-10 located in the opposite direction of the rotation of the body 6-1 during excavation, and the vertical surface of the pin 6-10 located in the direction of the rotation of the body 6-1 during excavation.

[0054] The drill bit 6-11 is rotatably connected to the end of the body 6-1. The shaft of the plunger pump 6-8 is fixedly connected to the drill bit shaft 6-11-2. The drill bit 6-11 is provided with a insertion hole 6-11-1 with the same lateral dimension as the pin hole 6-8a. The lateral dimension refers to the projected dimension on a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the drill bit 6-11.

[0055] During the initial drilling, the reamer 6-2 is stored in the receiving slot 6-1-1, and the drill bit 6-11 is used to drill from the through hole 1-1 until the predetermined depth is reached, thus completing the initial drilling. Then, the power used to open the reamer 6-2 during reaming is stored. This storage is achieved by rotating the drill rod 5 in the reverse direction to a set value. The gyroscope 6-13 measures the angular velocity of the body 6-1 and sends it to the controller 6-12. The controller 6-12 determines the state of the drill rod 5 as stored energy based on the direction of the angular velocity and closes the solenoid valve 6-5. This fills the gas tank 6-6 with high-pressure gas, providing power to the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 when the reamer 6-2 is opened later. The reverse rotation time is measured to ensure it reaches the set value. If it does, the reverse rotation stops, and the drilling rig 3... Drill rod 5 is pulled outward a set distance, and then controlled to rotate forward. Gyroscope 6-13 measures the angular velocity of body 6-1 and sends it to controller 6-12. Controller 6-12 determines the state of drill rod 5 as reaming based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls solenoid valve 6-5 to open. The high-pressure gas stored in air tank 6-6 drives the extension rod of pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 to extend, causing drive rod 6-3 to move in the opposite direction to drill bit 6-11. This causes rack 6-3-1 on drive rod 6-3 to drive gear 6-2-1 to rotate, thereby increasing the angle between reamer 6-2 and body 6-1. The increased angle can be set by controlling the amount of gas in the air tank. Then, the drill rod 5 is rotated forward to ream the hole until drill bit 6-11 reaches the bottom of the hole. This cycle of energy storage and reaming is repeated until the hole diameter reaches the set maximum value. Besides the energy storage step, drilling fluid can be introduced into the drill pipe 5 in other steps to remove drilling debris from the borehole. To achieve this, the drill pipe 5 used in this disclosure can be hollow, and the drilling rig 3 is equipped with a drilling fluid delivery device 4 to supply drilling fluid to the drill pipe 5. Furthermore, since the rotation of the drill pipe 5 itself is used to open and store energy for the reamer 6-2, there is no need to arrange hydraulic pipes through the inner cavity of the drill pipe 5, resulting in a larger drilling fluid flow rate and better hole washing effect.

[0056] Furthermore, the pin hole 6-8a is an arc with the body 6-1 as its central axis. Other shapes would exert radial pressure on the pin 6-10 due to the relative movement of the drill bit 6-11 and the body 6-1. By making the pin hole 6-8a an arc with the body 6-1 as its central axis, the relative movement of the drill bit 6-11 and the body 6-1 will not exert radial pressure on the pin 6-10, thus protecting the pin 6-10.

[0057] A method of using a variable-diameter cavity drilling device, the method comprising:

[0058] S01. Place the reamer 6-2 into the storage slot 6-1-1, and use the drill bit 6-11 to drill a hole from the through hole 1-1 until the hole reaches the predetermined depth.

[0059] S02, rotate drill rod 5 in the reverse direction to the set value. Gyroscope 6-13 sends the measured angular velocity of body 6-1 to controller 6-12. Controller 6-12 determines the state of drill rod 5 as energy storage based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls solenoid valve 6-5 to close.

[0060] S03. Measure whether the reverse rotation time reaches the set value. If it reaches the set value, stop the reverse rotation and the drill rig 3 pulls the drill rod 5 outward by a set distance. Then control the drill rod 5 to rotate in the forward direction. The gyroscope 6-13 sends the measured angular velocity of the body 6-1 to the controller 6-12. The controller 6-12 determines the state of the drill rod 5 as hole enlargement based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls the solenoid valve 6-5 to open.

[0061] S04. Rotate the drill rod 5 in the forward direction to enlarge the hole until the drill bit 6-11 reaches the bottom of the hole;

[0062] S05. Jump to step S02 and increment the number of loops. If the number of loops is greater than the set value, jump to step S06.

[0063] S06, End.

[0064] The above method can be used to enlarge the drilled hole without requiring an external power source for the reamer 6-2.

[0065] Furthermore, the method also includes: in steps S01, S03, and S04, drilling fluid is supplied into the borehole through the drill pipe 5; in step S02, the supply of drilling fluid is stopped. This method achieves the cleaning of drill cuttings inside the borehole without affecting energy storage.

[0066] Furthermore, the method also includes: measuring the pressure of the drill rod 5 of the drilling rig 3 along the length of the drill rod 5; when the pressure is greater than a set threshold, applying the same pressure to the borehole using the drill rod 5.

[0067] The pressure value of drill rod 5 can be obtained by the hydraulic gauge on drill rig 3 that measures the pressure of drill rod 5. If the pressure value is greater than the threshold, drill rod 5 is pushed by drill rig 3 to balance the pressure of coal and gas outburst. Since there are gaps between drill rod 5 and the hole, the pressure can be slowly released through these gaps to eliminate coal and gas outburst.

[0068] Example 2:

[0069] refer to Figure 1-6A remote automated coal uncovering method for gradually expanding and depressurizing coalbed methane gas pressure includes the following steps: a shield plate 1 matching the roadway cross-section 9 is fixedly installed at the roadway cross-section 9 by a first anchor bolt 10, and a perforation 1-1 is opened on the shield plate 1; under unmanned operation, a variable diameter cavity-making device 6 is used to create a cavity from the perforation 1-1 to the roadway cross-section 9. The variable diameter cavity-making device 6 first drills a hole with the smallest diameter, and then expands the hole several times. The diameter of the hole expanded each time is larger than the diameter of the previous hole expanded, and the maximum diameter of the expanded hole is 800 mm.

[0070] Furthermore, the method includes the following steps: setting up a retaining wall 2 in the roadway after the roadway cross-section 9, the retaining wall 2 and the roadway cross-section 9 forming a closed space in the roadway, and setting an air inlet 2-1 and an air outlet 2-2 on the upper part of the retaining wall 2, the air inlet 2-1 being nitrogen.

[0071] Furthermore, the initial diameter of the borehole is 50 mm, and the diameter increases by 50 mm with each reaming.

[0072] Specifically, the variable diameter cavity-making device 6 includes a drill bit 6-11 and a reamer; one end of the reamer is fixedly connected to the drill rod 5, and the other end of the reamer is fixedly connected to the drill bit 6-11.

[0073] The existing reamer's reamer cutter 6-2 is controlled by hydraulic pressure input from the drill pipe 5. However, this requires a dedicated oil pipe to pass through the drill pipe 5, reducing the internal space of the drill pipe 5. This reduction in internal space further decreases the flow rate of drilling fluid transported through the drill pipe 5. To address this issue, in this embodiment, the reamer specifically includes a controller 6-12, a gyroscope 6-13, a body 6-1, a reamer cutter 6-2, a drive rod 6-3, a plunger pump 6-8, an air tank 6-6, a one-way check valve 6-7, a pneumatic-hydraulic cylinder 6-4, and a pin 6-10. The body 6-1 has storage openings distributed along its length. The storage slot 6-1-1 comprises two slots symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main body 6-1. A reaming tool 6-2 is rotatably connected to each storage slot 6-1-1 via a rotating shaft. The rotation of the reaming tool 6-2 on the shaft changes the angle between the reaming tool 6-2 and the main body 6-1. When the angle between the reaming tool 6-2 and the main body 6-1 is 0 degrees, the reaming tool 6-2 is perfectly housed within the storage slot 6-1-1. The reaming tool 6-2 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft via a gear 6-2-1. One side of the gear 6-2-1 is fixedly connected to one end of the reaming tool 6-2, and the gear 6-2-1 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. A sliding hole 6-1-2 is formed within the main body 6-1. The central axis of the sliding hole 6-1-2 is parallel to the length direction of the body 6-1. The sliding hole 6-1-2 is located on the side of the receiving groove 6-1-1 on the body 6-1 near the drill bit 6-11. One end of the drive rod 6-3 is a guide block 6-3-2 that matches the sliding hole 6-1-2. The drive rod 6-3 is slidably connected to the sliding hole 6-1-2. The other end of the drive rod 6-3 is a rack 6-3-1 that matches the gear 6-2-1. The rack 6-3-1 and the gear 6-2-1 mesh with each other. The end of the drive rod 6-3 near the drill bit 6-11 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4. The length direction of the output shaft of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 is parallel to the length direction of the drive rod 6-3. The input port of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 is connected to the output port of the air tank 6-6. A solenoid valve 6-5 is installed on the connecting pipe between the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 and the air tank 6-6, and the solenoid valve 6-5 is electrically connected to the controller 6-12. The input port of the air tank 6-6 is connected to the output port of the plunger pump 6-8, and the air inlet of the plunger pump 6-8 is connected to the outside. A one-way check valve 6-7 is installed between the air tank 6-6 and the plunger pump 6-8. The conduction direction of the one-way check valve 6-7 is from the plunger pump 6-8 to the air tank 6-6. The plunger pump 6-8 is electrically connected to the controller 6-12. The gyroscope 6-13 is installed inside the main body 6-1 and is electrically connected to the controller 6-12.The main body 6-1 has a pin hole 6-8a near the drill bit 6-11, which matches the pin 6-10. A spring 6-9 is installed in the pin hole 6-8a. One end of the spring 6-9 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pin hole 6-8a, and the other end of the spring 6-9 is fixedly connected to the pin 6-10. The pin 6-10 is slidably installed in the pin hole 6-8a. When the compression rate of the spring 6-9 exceeds a set value, the pin 6-10 is completely hidden in the pin hole 6-8a. When the compression rate of the spring 6-9 is lower than the set value, the pin 6-10 is exposed in the pin hole 6-8a. 8a; The pin 6-10 is wedge-shaped, with its inclined surface located in the opposite direction of rotation of the body 6-1 during excavation, and its vertical surface located in the direction of rotation of the body 6-1 during excavation; The drill bit 6-11 is rotatably connected to the end of the body 6-1, and the shaft of the plunger pump 6-8 is fixedly connected to the drill bit shaft 6-11-2. The drill bit 6-11 has a insertion hole 6-11-1 with the same lateral dimension as the pin hole 6-8a, where the lateral dimension refers to the projected dimension on a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the drill bit 6-11.

[0074] During the initial drilling, the reamer 6-2 is stored in the receiving slot 6-1-1, and the drill bit 6-11 is used to drill from the through hole 1-1 until the predetermined depth is reached, thus completing the initial drilling. Then, the power used to open the reamer 6-2 during reaming is stored. This storage is achieved by rotating the drill rod 5 in the reverse direction to a set value. The gyroscope 6-13 measures the angular velocity of the body 6-1 and sends it to the controller 6-12. The controller 6-12 determines the state of the drill rod 5 as stored energy based on the direction of the angular velocity and closes the solenoid valve 6-5. This fills the gas tank 6-6 with high-pressure gas, providing power to the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 when the reamer 6-2 is opened later. The reverse rotation time is measured to ensure it reaches the set value. If it does, the reverse rotation stops, and the drilling rig 3... Drill rod 5 is pulled outward a set distance, and then controlled to rotate forward. Gyroscope 6-13 measures the angular velocity of body 6-1 and sends it to controller 6-12. Controller 6-12 determines the state of drill rod 5 as reaming based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls solenoid valve 6-5 to open. The high-pressure gas stored in air tank 6-6 drives the extension rod of pneumatic hydraulic cylinder 6-4 to extend, causing drive rod 6-3 to move in the opposite direction to drill bit 6-11. This causes rack 6-3-1 on drive rod 6-3 to drive gear 6-2-1 to rotate, thereby increasing the angle between reamer 6-2 and body 6-1. The increased angle can be set by controlling the amount of gas in the air tank. Then, the drill rod 5 is rotated forward to ream the hole until drill bit 6-11 reaches the bottom of the hole. This cycle of energy storage and reaming is repeated until the hole diameter reaches the set maximum value. Besides the energy storage step, drilling fluid can be introduced into the drill pipe 5 in other steps to remove drilling debris from the borehole. To achieve this, the drill pipe 5 used in this disclosure can be hollow, and the drilling rig 3 is equipped with a drilling fluid delivery device 4 to supply drilling fluid to the drill pipe 5. Here, the drilling rig 3 is fixed in the roadway by anchor bolts. In addition, since the rotation of the drill pipe 5 itself is used to open and store energy for the reamer 6-2, there is no need to arrange hydraulic pipes through the inner cavity of the drill pipe 5, resulting in a larger drilling fluid flow rate and better hole washing effect.

[0075] Furthermore, the pin hole 6-8a is an arc with the body 6-1 as its central axis. Other shapes would exert radial pressure on the pin 6-10 due to the relative movement of the drill bit 6-11 and the body 6-1. By making the pin hole 6-8a an arc with the body 6-1 as its central axis, the relative movement of the drill bit 6-11 and the body 6-1 will not exert radial pressure on the pin 6-10, thus protecting the pin 6-10.

[0076] Furthermore, the method also includes:

[0077] S01. Place the reamer 6-2 into the storage slot 6-1-1, and use the drill bit 6-11 to drill a hole from the through hole 1-1 until the hole reaches the predetermined depth.

[0078] S02, rotate drill rod 5 in the reverse direction to the set value. Gyroscope 6-13 sends the measured angular velocity of body 6-1 to controller 6-12. Controller 6-12 determines the state of drill rod 5 as energy storage based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls solenoid valve 6-5 to close.

[0079] S03. Measure whether the reverse rotation time reaches the set value. If it reaches the set value, stop the reverse rotation and the drill rig 3 pulls the drill rod 5 outward by a set distance. Then control the drill rod 5 to rotate in the forward direction. The gyroscope 6-13 sends the measured angular velocity of the body 6-1 to the controller 6-12. The controller 6-12 determines the state of the drill rod 5 as hole enlargement based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls the solenoid valve 6-5 to open.

[0080] S04. Rotate the drill rod 5 in the forward direction to enlarge the hole until the drill bit 6-11 reaches the bottom of the hole;

[0081] S05. Jump to step S02 and increment the number of loops. If the number of loops is greater than the set value, jump to step S06.

[0082] S06, End.

[0083] The above method can be used to enlarge the drilled hole without requiring an external power source for the reamer 6-2.

[0084] Furthermore, the method also includes: in steps S01, S03, and S04, drilling fluid is supplied into the borehole through the drill pipe 5; in step S02, the supply of drilling fluid is stopped. This method achieves the cleaning of drill cuttings inside the borehole without affecting energy storage.

[0085] Because small coal and gas outbursts may occur at section 9 of the roadway, if no intervention is taken to address these outbursts, it will lead to large-scale outbursts at section 9 of the roadway, resulting in serious consequences.

[0086] To address this issue, in this embodiment, the method further includes: measuring the pressure of the drill rod 5 of the drilling rig 3 along its length; and when the pressure exceeds a set threshold, applying the same pressure to the borehole using the drill rod 5.

[0087] The pressure value of drill rod 5 can be obtained by the hydraulic gauge on drill rig 3 that measures the pressure of drill rod 5. If the pressure value is greater than the threshold, drill rod 5 is pushed by drill rig 3 to balance the pressure of coal and gas outburst. Since there are gaps between drill rod 5 and the hole, the pressure can be slowly released through these gaps to eliminate coal and gas outburst.

[0088] Furthermore, the method also includes: monitoring stress, gas changes, and displacement at the roadway cross-section 9 during the cavity creation process. By monitoring stress, gas changes, and displacement, coal and gas outbursts can be monitored, thereby enabling targeted outburst mitigation.

[0089] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable-diameter cavity-making drill device, characterized in that, This includes drilling rigs, drilling fluid delivery systems, drill bits, and reamers; One end of the reamer is fixedly connected to the drill rod, and the other end of the reamer is fixedly connected to the drill bit. The drill rod is mounted on the drilling rig. The drill rod is hollow, with one end of the drill rod protruding from the borehole connected to the drilling fluid delivery device, and the other end of the drill rod connected to the reamer. The reamer is provided with a channel connecting the drill rod and the outside of the reamer. The reamer includes a controller, a gyroscope, a body, a reamer cutter, a drive rod, a plunger pump, an air tank, a one-way check valve, a pneumatic hydraulic cylinder, and a pin. The main body has two storage slots distributed along its length. The two storage slots are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main body. A reaming tool is rotatably connected to the storage slot via a rotating shaft. The reaming tool rotates on the rotating shaft, changing the angle between the reaming tool and the main body. When the angle between the reaming tool and the main body is 0 degrees, the reaming tool is neatly stored in the storage slot. The reaming tool is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft via a gear. One side of the gear is fixedly connected to one end of the reaming tool, and the gear is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. The body has a sliding hole, the central axis of which is parallel to the length direction of the body, and the sliding hole is located on the side of the receiving groove on the body near the drill bit. One end of the drive rod is a guide block that matches the sliding hole, and the drive rod is slidably connected to the sliding hole. The other end of the drive rod is a rack that matches the gear, and the rack and gear mesh with each other. The end of the drive rod near the drill bit is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder. The length direction of the output shaft of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder is parallel to the length direction of the drive rod. The input port of the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder is connected to the output port of the air tank. An electromagnetic valve is provided on the connecting pipe between the pneumatic hydraulic cylinder and the air tank. The electromagnetic valve is electrically connected to the controller. The inlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the outlet of the plunger pump, and the inlet of the plunger pump is connected to the outside. A one-way check valve is provided between the gas storage tank and the plunger pump. The one-way check valve is in the direction of conduction from the plunger pump to the gas storage tank. The plunger pump is electrically connected to the controller. The gyroscope is housed within the main body and is electrically connected to the controller. The main body has a pin hole at one end near the drill bit that matches the pin. A spring is installed in the pin hole. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pin hole, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the pin. The pin is slidably installed in the pin hole. When the spring compression rate exceeds the set value, the pin is completely hidden in the pin hole. When the spring compression rate is lower than the set value, the pin is exposed in the pin hole. The pin is wedge-shaped, with its inclined surface located in the opposite direction of rotation during the body's excavation and its vertical surface located in the direction of rotation during the body's excavation. The drill bit is rotatably connected to the end of the body, and the shaft of the plunger pump is fixedly connected to the shaft of the drill bit. The drill bit is provided with a insertion hole with the same lateral dimension as the pin hole. The lateral dimension refers to the projected dimension on a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the drill bit.

2. The variable-diameter cavity-making drill device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pin hole is an arc with the body as its central axis.

3. A method of using the variable diameter cavity drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes: S01. Receive the reamer into the storage slot and use the drill bit to drill a hole from the through hole until the hole reaches the predetermined depth. S02, the drill rod is rotated in the opposite direction to the set value. The gyroscope sends the measured angular velocity of the drill rod to the controller. The controller determines the state of the drill rod as energy storage based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls the solenoid valve to close. S03. Measure whether the reverse rotation time reaches the set value. If it reaches the set value, stop the reverse rotation and the drill rod is pulled outward by a set distance. Then control the drill rod to rotate in the forward direction. The gyroscope sends the measured body angular velocity to the controller. The controller determines the drill rod state as hole enlargement based on the direction of the angular velocity and controls the solenoid valve to open. S04. Rotate the drill rod forward to enlarge the hole until the drill bit reaches the bottom of the hole; S05. Jump to step S02 and increment the number of loops. If the number of loops is greater than the set value, jump to step S06. S06, End.

4. The method of using the variable diameter cavity drilling device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: In steps S01, S03 and S04, drilling fluid is delivered into the borehole through the drill pipe, and in step S02, the delivery of drilling fluid is stopped.

5. The method of using the variable diameter cavity drilling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: Measure the pressure on the drill rod along its length. When the pressure exceeds the set threshold, apply the same pressure to the borehole using the drill pipe.

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