A signal transmission array element and broadband electrical adjustment electromagnetic vortex metasurface system

Abstract

The present invention provides a signal transmission array element and a broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system, the electromagnetic vortex metasurface system comprises a metasurface module, a broadband feed source and a controller, the metasurface module comprises a panel and a plurality of signal transmission array elements, the signal transmission array element comprises a receiving layer, a grounding layer, a transmission layer, a first feeder and a second feeder, the receiving layer comprises a first base layer and a passive receiving sheet, the grounding layer is attached to the first base layer, the transmission layer comprises a second base layer and an active transmitting sheet, the passive receiving sheet comprises a first annular sheet and an extended end, the active transmitting sheet comprises a second annular sheet, a central terminal and two pin diodes, the two pin diodes are connected to the central terminal and the second annular sheet, and the directions of the ends of the two pin diodes connected to the central terminal are different. The metasurface module formed by the signal transmission array element can adjust the OAM mode through the controller, and can generate OAM mode reconfigurable beams of l=+1 and l=+2.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of signal transmission, and in particular relates to a signal transmission array element and a broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system. Background Art

[0002] The angular momentum (AM) of an electromagnetic wave can be decomposed into spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). One property of vortex waves is that multiple beams of different modes can be multiplexed through a single aperture to increase channel capacity, so that each vortex beam has a unique rotational phase front. OAM multiplexing technology enables different data streams to be transmitted on the same channel. Vortex waves have a rotational phase profile of exp(ilθ), where θ is the azimuth angle and l is an integer unbounded OAM mode. Vortex beams with different OAM modes are orthogonal to each other, and different data streams can be multiplexed on the same beam axis. At the OAM receiving end, the transmitted beams are demultiplexed with low crosstalk, which significantly improves the channel capacity and spectral efficiency.

[0003] In the related art, broadband OAM generated by antenna arrays or transmission lines has attracted much attention because it can achieve high-capacity wireless communications. A planar phase-adjusted surface is used to generate transmitted rays with a prescribed radiation pattern. However, existing broadband OAM transmission protocols are not OAM mode reconfigurable. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a signal transmission array element and a broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system, which can be used to generate an OAM mode reconfigurable beam.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented as follows: a signal transmission array element is provided, comprising a receiving layer, a grounding layer, a transmission layer, a first feeder and a second feeder, wherein the receiving layer comprises a first base layer and a passive receiving sheet attached to one side of the first base layer, the grounding layer is made of a metal material, and the grounding layer is attached to the side of the first base layer away from the passive receiving sheet, the transmission layer comprises a second base layer stacked on the side of the grounding layer away from the first base layer and an active transmitting sheet attached to the side of the second base layer away from the grounding layer, the passive receiving sheet comprises a first annular sheet and an extension end extending inward from the inner edge of the first annular sheet, the active transmitting sheet comprises a second annular sheet, a central terminal and two pin diodes, the central terminal is located in the second annular sheet, the two pin diodes are connected to both sides of the central terminal and connected to the second annular sheet, the ends of the two pin diodes connected to the central terminal are in different directions, the first feeder passes through the first base layer, the grounding layer and the second base layer, the first feeder is electrically connected to the extension end and the central terminal, and the second feeder is electrically connected to the first annular sheet and the grounding layer.

[0006] Furthermore, the first annular piece and the second annular piece have the same shape and are positioned opposite to each other, and the length direction of the extension end and the length direction of the central terminal are parallel to each other.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer edge and inner edge of the first annular sheet are rectangles with the same center and length directions perpendicular to each other, the length of the outer edge is between 5mm-15mm, the width of the outer edge is between 3mm-12mm, the length of the inner edge is between 2mm-10mm, and the width of the inner edge is between 1.5mm-8mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the extension direction of the extension end is parallel to the length direction of the inner edge, the extension end is connected to the middle of the wide side of the inner edge, the ratio of the length of the extension end to the length of the inner edge is between 0.5-0.85, and the ratio of the width of the extension end to the width of the inner edge is between 0.1-0.35.

[0009] Furthermore, the parameters of the first base layer and the second base layer satisfy the following conditions: thickness is within 1 mm-3 mm, dielectric constant is within 2-10, and loss tangent value is within 0.0015-0.004.

[0010] Furthermore, the signal transmission array element also includes a bias layer, the thickness of the bias layer is within 0.5mm-1.5mm, the bias layer is arranged between the ground layer and the second base layer, a bias line is arranged on the side of the bias layer away from the ground layer, the bias line is electrically connected to the second annular sheet, and the line width of the bias line is within 0.05mm-0.3mm.

[0011] Further, the grounding layer is provided with a clearance hole for the first feeder to pass through, the diameter of the first feeder is within 0.2 mm-0.5 mm, the diameter of the clearance hole is larger than the diameter of the first feeder, and the diameter of the clearance hole is between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm;

[0012] Two second feed lines are provided, and the second feed lines are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first feed line. The diameter of the second feed line is between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, a broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system is provided, comprising a metasurface module, a broadband feed source and a controller, wherein the metasurface module comprises a panel and a plurality of signal transmission array elements arranged on one side of the panel and arranged in an array, wherein the signal transmission array element is any one of the signal transmission array elements described above, and the broadband feed source is located on the other side of the panel, wherein the broadband feed source is used to transmit a transmitted beam to the signal transmission array element, and the controller is electrically connected to a ground layer and an active transmitting plate of the signal transmission array element, and wherein the controller is used to control a voltage difference between the active transmitting plate and the ground layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the phase compensation of each of the signal transmission array elements Satisfies the following relationship:

[0015]

[0016] l is the OAM mode, x and y are the positions of the signal transmission array elements in the Cartesian coordinate system, λ is the working wavelength with a center frequency of 10 GHz, and the phase center of the broadband feed source is located at the focus F=5λ of the transmission beam.

[0017] Furthermore, the controller and the signal transmission array element are connected via a flexible printed circuit board.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the signal transmission array element and broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0019] With the ground plane voltage as a reference, when the active transmitting plate is connected to a higher voltage or a lower voltage, since the two pin diodes are connected to the two sides of the central terminal and are connected to the second annular plate, the directions of the ends of the two pin diodes connected to the central terminal are different. Under the two voltage conditions, different states of one pin diode being turned on and the other pin diode being turned off or one pin diode being turned off and the other pin diode being turned on will be generated respectively. In both states, it has broadband transmission characteristics, and the two states have a 180° phase shift, which can be used to generate an OAM mode reconfigurable beam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system using a signal transmission array element in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram of a signal transmission array element structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the signal transmission array element in an embodiment of the present invention: b is a cross-sectional view, c is a layout diagram of the transmission layer, d is a layout diagram of the bias layer; e is a layout diagram of the ground layer, and f is a layout diagram of the receiving layer;

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the magnitude and phase of the transmission coefficients of the 0-state and 180-state simulated by the signal transmission array element in the embodiment of the present invention under different conditions: ac is the normal condition; df is under 40° oblique incidence; gi is under normal incidence, the array element has 10 bias lines, and the width of all bias lines is 0.1 mm;

[0024] Figure 5 a is the layout diagram of the metasurface module; b is the bias mode of l = +1 OAM beam generation; c is the bias mode of l = +2 OAM beam generation;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the normalized radiation pattern, near-field amplitude, near-field phase and OAM mode purity of the broadband electrically tuned electromagnetic vortex metasurface system in the l = +1 (left) and l = +2 (right) OAM modes at 9.5 GHz, 10.0 GHz and 10.5 GHz;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a sample structure diagram of a broadband electrically tunable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system;

[0027] Figure 8It is a test schematic diagram of the normalized radiation pattern, near-field amplitude, near-field phase and OAM mode purity of the broadband electrically tuned electromagnetic vortex metasurface system sample at 9.5 GHz, 10.0 GHz and 10.5 GHz, measured at l = +1 and l = +2;

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a comparison table of simulated and measured gains of two OAM modes at different frequencies.

[0029] In the accompanying drawings, each figure mark represents: 1. receiving layer; 11. first base layer; 12. passive receiving plate; 121. first annular plate; 122. extension end; 2. ground layer; 3. transmission layer; 31. second base layer; 32. active transmitting plate; 321. second annular plate; 322. center terminal; 323. pin diode; 4. first feed line; 5. second feed line; 6. bias layer; 61. bias line; 10. metasurface module; 20. broadband feed source; 30. controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] Example:

[0032] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 1-3, provides a broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system, comprising a metasurface module 10, a broadband feed source 20 and a controller 30, wherein the metasurface module 10 comprises a panel and a plurality of signal transmission array elements arranged on one side of the panel and arranged in an array, wherein the signal transmission array element comprises a receiving layer 1, a grounding layer 2, a transmission layer 3, a first feed line 4 and a second feed line 5, the receiving layer 1 comprises a first base layer 11 and a passive receiving sheet 12 attached to one side of the first base layer 11, the grounding layer 2 is made of a metal material, the grounding layer 2 is attached to a side of the first base layer 11 away from the passive receiving sheet 12, the transmission layer 3 comprises a second base layer 31 stacked on a side of the grounding layer 2 away from the first base layer 11 and an active transmitting sheet 32 ​​attached to a side of the second base layer 31 away from the grounding layer 2, the passive receiving sheet 12 comprises a first annular sheet 121 and an extending end extending inward from the inner edge of the first annular sheet 121 122, the active transmitting sheet 32 ​​includes a second annular sheet 321, a central terminal 322 and two pin diodes 323, the central terminal 322 is located in the second annular sheet 321, the two pin diodes 323 are connected to the two sides of the central terminal 322 and are connected to the second annular sheet 321, the directions of the ends of the two pin diodes 323 connected to the central terminal 322 are different, the first feed line 4 passes through the first base layer 11, the ground layer 2 and the second base layer 31, the first feed line 4 is electrically connected to the extension end 122 and the central terminal 322, the second feed line 5 is electrically connected to the first annular sheet 121 and the ground layer 2, the broadband feed source 20 is located on the other side of the panel, the broadband feed source 20 is used to transmit a transmission beam to the signal transmission array element, the controller 30 is electrically connected to the ground layer 2 of the signal transmission array element and the active transmitting sheet 32, and the controller 30 is used to control the voltage difference between the active transmitting sheet 32 ​​and the ground layer 2.

[0033] With the voltage of the ground layer 2 as a reference, when the active transmitting sheet 32 ​​is connected to a higher voltage or a lower voltage, since the two pin diodes 323 are connected to both sides of the central terminal 322 and are connected to the second annular sheet 321, the directions of the ends of the two pin diodes 323 connected to the central terminal 322 are different, and different states of one pin diode 323 being turned on and the other pin diode 323 being turned off or one pin diode 323 being turned off and the other pin diode 323 being turned on will be generated under the two voltage conditions, respectively. In both states, there are broadband transmission characteristics, and the two states have a 180° phase shift, which can be used to generate OAM mode reconfigurable beams. The metasurface module 10 formed by the signal transmission array element can adjust the OAM mode through the controller 30, and can generate OAM mode reconfigurable beams of l=+1 and l=+2.

[0034] The first annular piece 121 and the second annular piece 321 have the same shape and are positioned opposite to each other. The length direction of the extension end 122 and the length direction of the central terminal 322 are parallel to each other. The outer edge and inner edge of the first annular sheet 121 are rectangles with the same center and perpendicular length directions. The length of the outer edge is between 5mm-15mm, the width of the outer edge is between 3mm-12mm, the length of the inner edge is between 2mm-10mm, and the width of the inner edge is between 1.5mm-8mm; the extension direction of the extension end 122 is parallel to the length direction of the inner edge, the extension end 122 is connected to the middle of the wide side of the inner edge, the ratio of the length of the extension end 122 to the length of the inner edge is between 0.5-0.85, and the ratio of the width of the extension end 122 to the width of the inner edge is between 0.1-0.35; the parameters of the first base layer 11 and the second base layer 31 meet the following conditions: the thickness is within 1mm-3mm, the dielectric constant is within 2-10, and the loss tangent value is within 0.0015-0.004. Specifically, in this embodiment, the length of the outer edge is w1=7.7mm, the width of the outer edge is l1=6.7mm, the length of the inner edge is l2=3.1mm, the width of the inner edge is w2=2.5mm, the length of the extension end 122 is l3=2.3mm, the width of the extension end 122 is t=0.4mm, the thickness of the first base layer 11 and the second base layer 31 are the same, both are h1=1.524mm, the first base layer 11 and the second base layer 31 are both Rogers 4003C PCB boards, the dielectric constant is 3.55, and the loss tangent is 0.0027. In some embodiments, the shape of the first annular sheet 121 can also be a circular ring, a positive direction ring, an elliptical ring, etc.; in some embodiments, the aforementioned parameters can be adaptively adjusted according to actual conditions, and are not limited here.

[0035] The signal transmission array element also includes a bias layer 6, the thickness of the bias layer 6 is within 0.5mm-1.5mm, the bias layer 6 is arranged between the ground layer 2 and the second base layer 31, a bias line 61 is arranged on the side of the bias layer 6 away from the ground layer 2, the bias line 61 is electrically connected to the second annular sheet 321, and the line width of the bias line 61 is within 0.05mm-0.3mm. Specifically, the bias layer 6 adopts a Rogers 4450F PCB board with a dielectric constant of 3.55 and a loss tangent of 0.004, the thickness of the bias layer 6 is h2=0.101mm, the line width of the bias line 61 is 0.1mm, and the top view shape of the signal transmission array element is a square, that is, the width of the first base layer 11, the ground layer 2, the bias layer 6 and the second base layer 31 is the same, all p=14mm. In some embodiments, the line width of the bias line 61 may be 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, etc., and the number of the bias lines 61 may be one, two, three, four, etc.

[0036] The grounding layer 2 is provided with a clearance hole for the first feeder 4 to pass through, the diameter of the first feeder 4 is within 0.2mm-0.5mm, the diameter of the clearance hole is larger than the diameter of the first feeder 4, and the diameter of the clearance hole is between 0.8mm-1.5mm; two second feeders 5 are provided, and the second feeders 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first feeder 4, and the diameter of the second feeder 5 is between 0.1mm-0.3mm. Specifically, the diameter of the first feeder 4 dv1=0.3mm, the diameter of the clearance hole dh=1.1mm, and the diameter of the second feeder 5 dv2=0.15mm.

[0037] In this embodiment, the center frequency of the signal transmission array element is designed to be 10 GHz, and the spacing between adjacent signal transmission array elements in the metasurface module 10 is 0.466λ. Two PIN diodes are integrated on the active side, which can realize reverse current and produce a 180° phase shift. When the ground layer 2 is connected to a reference voltage of 2.5V, the active transmitting plate 32 is connected to a high voltage of 5V or a low voltage of 0V, which can generate two different states of PIN1 ON PIN2 OFF and PIN1 OFF PIN2 ON respectively. The signal transmission array element works in the X-band for y polarization. The PIN diode is modeled as an equivalent series circuit. When it is turned on, the resistance RON = 5.2, the inductance LON = 30pH, and when it is turned off, the capacitance COFF = 40pF, and the inductance LOFF = 30pH. Combined with Figure 4 , both working states show broadband transmission characteristics, but with a 180° phase shift, which are represented as 0 state and 180 state respectively. In order to study the influence of oblique incidence and bias line on the frequency response of the array element, the transmission characteristics of 10 bias lines under 40° oblique incidence and normal incidence are studied. Figure 3 The transmission characteristics at normal incidence, 40° oblique incidence, and normal incidence with 10 bias lines are shown. In all cases, the minimum insertion loss is 0.9 dB and the phase change is less than 5° in the range of 9.5 to 10.5 GHz. At normal incidence without a bias line, the array element has a minimum insertion loss of 0.9 dB and a 3 dB transmission bandwidth of 17.1%. In addition, the reverse current between the two different states exhibits a nearly perfect 180° phase shift across the entire spectrum.

[0038] In this embodiment, a broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system with 20×20=400 array elements is manufactured by using the above signal transmission array elements. Figure 5 , the array elements are arranged in a square array, and the phase compensation φ of each signal transmission array element satisfies the following relationship:

[0039] (1)

[0040] l is the OAM mode, x and y are the positions of the signal transmission array elements in the Cartesian coordinate system, λ is the working wavelength with a center frequency of 10 GHz, and the phase center of the broadband feed source 20 is located at the focus F=5λ of the transmission beam.

[0041] In addition, the continuous phase is quantized by 1-bit phase as

[0042] (2)

[0043] According to the quantized phase distribution calculated by equations (1) and (2), the amplification modes of l=+1 and l=+2 are shown respectively. The 0 state is driven by 5V high voltage, the 180 state is driven by 0V low voltage, and the ground layer 1 is connected to the reference 2.5V medium voltage.

[0044] In order to characterize the OAM beam, radiation pattern, near-field amplitude and near-field phase, the purity of the OAM mode is an important indicator. l The structure is:

[0045]

[0046] Among them A l is the amplitude of the OAM state and can be described as:

[0047]

[0048] The simulation of 400-element broadband 1-bit OAM transmission at 9.5 GHz, 10.0 GHz and 10.5 GHz is carried out. The simulated normalized radiation pattern, near-field amplitude, near-field phase and OAM mode purity for l = +1 and l = +2 are shown in Figure 2. Figure 6 As shown. Specifically, the near-field simulation plane is selected at a distance of 5λ from the transmitted beam. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the proposed transmission line can generate a reconfigurable beam of 9.5 to 10.5 GHz with a broadband OAM mode and a mode purity greater than 0.94.

[0049] In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed broadband electrically tunable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system, a prototype was fabricated and tested. Figure 7 The fabricated metasurface system shown is coated with a layer of black solder mask, and all the pin diodes 323 on the metasurface system are soldered using surface mount technology. Figure 7As shown in Figure 1, we measured the performance of the proposed metasurface system in a darkroom. The broadband feed 20 was 105λ away from the metasurface module, and the planar near-field scanner with an open waveguide probe was 5λ away from the transmission line. The total scanning range was 40cm×40cm. The broadband feed 20 was fixed with a polyethylene bracket with a dielectric constant of 2.2. Both the broadband feed 20 and the metasurface module 10 were connected to a network analyzer (Keysight N5224A) to measure the near-field data. The measurement results are shown in Figure 1. Figure 8 As shown in Figure 1, each measured near-field pattern consists of 40×40=1600 electric field data, with a scanning resolution of 1 cm in both the x and y directions, and a scanning time of about 30 minutes for each OAM mode. The measured radiation pattern is also Figure 7 The simulated and measured gains of the two OAM modes at different frequencies are given in Table 1. The minimum mode purity measured in the operating frequency range is 0.88. The small difference between the simulation results and the measured results is due to the diode manufacturing tolerance, pin resistance loss and environmental noise. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results, proving the effectiveness of the proposed broadband 1-bit electronically reconfigurable OAM transmission scheme.

[0050] Combination Fig. 9 The broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system of the above scheme can generate reconfigurable beams of l=+1 and l=+2 OAM modes from 9.5GHz to 10.5GHz, and the measured OAM mode purity is greater than 0.88. The measured maximum gains at l=+1 and l=+2 are 17.8dBi and 14.3dBi, respectively. Although our scheme proposes X-band OAM transmission of l=+1 and l=+2, this design idea can also be used for other frequencies and other OAM modes, and is not limited here. This scheme opens up a new direction for the generation of broadband programmable transmission lines and broadband OAM beams, and has potential application prospects in wireless communications based on OAM multiplexing.

[0051] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A signal transmission array element, characterized in that: The invention comprises a receiving layer (1), a grounding layer (2), a transmission layer (3), a first feeder (4) and a second feeder (5); the receiving layer (1) comprises a first base layer (11) and a passive receiving sheet (12) attached to one side of the first base layer (11); the grounding layer (2) is made of a metal material; the grounding layer (2) is attached to a side of the first base layer (11) away from the passive receiving sheet (12); the transmission layer (3) comprises a second base layer (31) stacked on a side of the grounding layer (2) away from the first base layer (11) and an active transmitting sheet (32) attached to a side of the second base layer (31) away from the grounding layer (2); the passive receiving sheet (12) comprises a first annular sheet (121) and an extending end extending inwardly from the inner edge of the first annular sheet (121). (122), the active transmitting sheet (32) comprises a second annular sheet (321), a central terminal (322) and two pin diodes (323), the central terminal (322) is located in the second annular sheet (321), the two pin diodes (323) are connected to the two sides of the central terminal (322) and are connected to the second annular sheet (321), the ends of the two pin diodes (323) connected to the central terminal (322) are in different directions, the first feeder (4) passes through the first base layer (11), the ground layer (2) and the second base layer (31), the first feeder (4) is electrically connected to the extension end (122) and the central terminal (322), and the second feeder (5) is electrically connected to the first annular sheet (121) and the ground layer (2); The first annular sheet (121) and the second annular sheet (321) have the same shape and are positioned opposite to each other, and the length direction of the extension end (122) and the length direction of the central terminal (322) are parallel to each other; The outer edge and the inner edge of the first annular sheet (121) are rectangles with the same center and perpendicular length directions, the length of the outer edge is between 5 mm and 15 mm, the width of the outer edge is between 3 mm and 12 mm, the length of the inner edge is between 2 mm and 10 mm, and the width of the inner edge is between 1.5 mm and 8 mm; the extension direction of the extension end (122) is parallel to the length direction of the inner edge, the extension end (122) is connected to the middle of the wide side of the inner edge, the ratio of the length of the extension end (122) to the length of the inner edge is between 0.5 and 0.85, and the ratio of the width of the extension end (122) to the width of the inner edge is between 0.1 and 0.35; The parameters of the first base layer (11) and the second base layer (31) meet the following conditions: thickness within 1 mm-3 mm, dielectric constant within 2-10, loss tangent value within 0.0015-0.004; The signal transmission array element further comprises a bias layer (6), the thickness of the bias layer (6) being within a range of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, the bias layer (6) being arranged between the ground layer (2) and the second base layer (31), a bias line (61) being arranged on a side of the bias layer (6) facing away from the ground layer (2), the bias line (61) being electrically connected to the second annular sheet (321), and the line width of the bias line (61) being within a range of 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm.

2. The signal transmission array element according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grounding layer (2) is provided with a clearance hole for the first feeder (4) to pass through, the diameter of the first feeder (4) is within a range of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, the diameter of the clearance hole is larger than the diameter of the first feeder (4), and the diameter of the clearance hole is between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm; Two second feed lines (5) are provided, and the second feed lines (5) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first feed line (4), and the diameter of the second feed line (5) is between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.

3. A broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a metasurface module (10), a broadband feed source (20) and a controller (30), wherein the metasurface module (10) comprises a panel and a plurality of signal transmission array elements arranged on one side of the panel and arranged in an array, wherein the signal transmission array element is a signal transmission array element as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the broadband feed source (20) is located on the other side of the panel, wherein the broadband feed source (20) is used to transmit a transmission beam to the signal transmission array element, wherein the controller (30) is electrically connected to a ground layer (2) and an active transmitting plate (32) of the signal transmission array element, and wherein the controller (30) is used to control a voltage difference between the active transmitting plate (32) and the ground layer (2).

4. The broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The phase compensation φ of each of the signal transmission array elements satisfies the following relationship: l is the OAM mode, x and y are the positions of the signal transmission array elements in the Cartesian coordinate system, λ is the working wavelength with a center frequency of 10 GHz, and the phase center of the broadband feed source (20) is located at the focus F=5λ of the transmission beam.

5. The broadband electrically adjustable electromagnetic vortex metasurface system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The controller (30) and the signal transmission array element are connected via a flexible circuit board.

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