An integrally assembled column-free underground structure

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of underground engineering technology, and specifically relates to an integrally assembled column-free underground structure, including a prefabricated top plate, a prefabricated side wall and a prefabricated bottom plate; both ends of the prefabricated bottom plate are bent to form a first vertical connection portion, and both ends of the prefabricated top plate are bent to form a second vertical connection portion; prefabricated side walls are spliced ​​on the first vertical connection portions at both ends of the prefabricated bottom plate, and the tops of the two prefabricated side walls are respectively spliced ​​with the second vertical connection portions at both ends of the prefabricated top plate; the prefabricated components are connected to each other by cast-in-place concrete. The present invention transports the prefabricated components to the construction site and then assembles them to form an integral assembly structure, thereby eliminating some temporary facilities such as on-site formwork and scaffolding, saving construction time, and improving production efficiency and building quality; and the node areas between the prefabricated components and the prefabricated components are all cast-in-place "wet nodes", and the integrity of the assembled underground structure is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering, and in particular relates to an integrally assembled column-free underground structure. Background Art

[0002] At present, most structures are constructed using cast-in-place reinforced concrete, which has a poor construction environment, complex procedures, and slow speed. It is greatly affected by various weather and climate factors, and the construction quality is difficult to guarantee due to the influence of many factors. At the same time, a lot of abandoned construction waste is generated during the construction process, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the environment.

[0003] With the advancement of science and technology, the development of equipment manufacturing, and the transformation of industrial upgrading, more and more jobs are replaced by machines, high technology replaces labor-intensive work, and automatic control equipment replaces manual control. The structural components required in the field of underground engineering will gradually be mass-produced in factories and then transported to the site for assembly.

[0004] With the development of prefabricated technology, some prefabricated design and construction technology solutions have appeared in underground structures. However, prefabricated structures are only partially used, the assembly degree is not high, and the assembly efficiency is low. In addition, conventional underground structures with columns do not have a wide field of view in the underground space. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrally assembled column-free underground structure, which can avoid the problems of low construction efficiency of cast-in-place operations, complicated procedures, and difficulty in ensuring the quality of component construction, thereby improving the integrity of the integrally assembled column-free underground structure and shortening the construction period, thereby better achieving the visual column-free large space effect of the building.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is an integrally assembled column-free underground structure, including a prefabricated top plate, a prefabricated side wall and a prefabricated bottom plate; both ends of the prefabricated bottom plate are bent to form a first vertical connection portion, and both ends of the prefabricated top plate are bent to form a second vertical connection portion; prefabricated side walls are spliced ​​on the first vertical connection portions at both ends of the prefabricated bottom plate, and the tops of the two prefabricated side walls are respectively spliced ​​with the second vertical connection portions at both ends of the prefabricated top plate; the prefabricated components are connected by cast-in-place concrete.

[0007] Furthermore, the prefabricated top plate includes a prefabricated arch corner plate and a prefabricated arch top plate, both ends of the prefabricated arch corner plate are spliced ​​with prefabricated arch corner plates, one end of each prefabricated arch corner plate away from the prefabricated arch top plate is bent to form the second vertical connection portion, and the second vertical connection portion of each prefabricated arch corner plate is spliced ​​with the top of the prefabricated side wall.

[0008] Furthermore, the prefabricated bottom plate includes a prefabricated bottom angle plate and a prefabricated bottom middle plate, both ends of the prefabricated bottom middle plate are spliced ​​with prefabricated bottom angle plates, one end of each prefabricated bottom angle plate away from the prefabricated bottom middle plate is bent to form the first vertical connection portion, and the first vertical connection portion of each prefabricated bottom angle plate is spliced ​​with the bottom of the prefabricated side wall.

[0009] Furthermore, casting holes are reserved on the prefabricated arch corner plate, the prefabricated side wall and the prefabricated bottom corner plate; on the same side of the prefabricated arch top plate, the node area of ​​the prefabricated arch top plate and the prefabricated arch corner plate, the casting holes on the prefabricated arch corner plate, the node area of ​​the prefabricated arch corner plate and the prefabricated side wall, the casting holes on the prefabricated side wall, the node area of ​​the prefabricated side wall and the prefabricated bottom corner plate, the casting holes on the prefabricated bottom corner plate, and the node area of ​​the prefabricated bottom corner plate and the prefabricated bottom middle plate are connected in sequence and are all cast-in-place with concrete, and are cast-in-place at one time.

[0010] Furthermore, a prefabricated middle plate is provided between the prefabricated bottom plate and the prefabricated top plate, two ends of the prefabricated middle plate are respectively spliced ​​with the prefabricated side walls on both sides, and a node area between the prefabricated middle plate and the prefabricated side walls is cast in situ with concrete.

[0011] Furthermore, the prefabricated side wall includes an integrally formed vertical part and a horizontal part, the upper end and the lower end of the vertical part are respectively connected to the prefabricated top plate and the prefabricated bottom plate; one end of the horizontal part is fixed to the vertical part, and the other end is connected to the prefabricated middle plate.

[0012] Furthermore, both ends of the prefabricated side wall, one end of the prefabricated bottom corner plate for splicing with the prefabricated side wall, and one end of the prefabricated arch corner plate for splicing with the prefabricated side wall are all provided with connecting parts; the connecting part on the prefabricated bottom corner plate is connected to the connecting part at the bottom end of the prefabricated side wall through two connecting steel plates arranged along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, and the connecting part at the top end of the prefabricated side wall is connected to the connecting part on the prefabricated arch corner plate through two connecting steel plates arranged along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the connecting steel plates includes a main board, an upper wing plate and a lower wing plate, and the upper and lower ends of the main board are respectively connected to the upper wing plate and the lower wing plate; the upper wing plate is fixedly connected to the connecting piece on the upper side of the connecting steel plate, and the lower wing plate is fixedly connected to the connecting piece on the lower side of the connecting steel plate.

[0014] Furthermore, each of the connecting parts includes two embedded components, and the two embedded components are respectively fixedly connected to the upper wing plates or the lower wing plates of the two connecting steel plates.

[0015] Furthermore, the embedded component includes a plurality of anchor bars spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, one end of the anchor bar is embedded in the prefabricated component, and the other end extends out of the prefabricated component and passes through the corresponding upper wing plate or the lower wing plate and is fixed by a nut.

[0016] Furthermore, side wing plates are provided on both sides of the main board along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure; and along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, adjacent side wing plates on two adjacent connecting steel plates are connected by bolts.

[0017] Furthermore, an operating hole is provided on the connecting steel plate close to the inner space of the underground structure for extending between the two connecting steel plates to fix the two connecting steel plates to the corresponding connecting pieces above them respectively.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The present invention transports prefabricated components to the construction site and assembles them to form an integral assembly structure, thereby eliminating the need for temporary facilities such as on-site formwork and scaffolding, saving construction time and improving production efficiency and building quality;

[0020] (2) The integrally assembled column-free underground structure provided by the present invention can effectively improve the integrity of the assembled structure by casting the node area on the same side of the prefabricated vault plate at one time;

[0021] (3) The present invention adopts the vault to achieve a large span without columns and a large space effect, and the visual effect of the decoration building is good;

[0022] (4) The present invention adopts a reasonable component division scheme, so that the size and weight of the prefabricated components can meet the requirements of on-site lifting and assembly of the foundation pit with internal support, and at the same time facilitate the transportation of the prefabricated components; and the size of the prefabricated components is standardized, which is conducive to industrialization;

[0023] (5) In the present invention, the node areas between the prefabricated components are all cast-in-place "wet nodes", and the integrity of the assembled underground structure is good. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an integrally assembled column-free underground structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2A schematic diagram of an integrally assembled column-free underground structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the assembly and connection of the prefabricated bottom angle plate and the prefabricated side wall of the integrally assembled column-free underground structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A side view of the assembled connection of the prefabricated bottom angle plate and the prefabricated side wall of the integrally assembled column-free underground structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of casting holes on the top surface of a prefabricated bottom angle plate of an integrally assembled column-free underground structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] In the figure: 1. Precast bottom middle plate, 2. Precast bottom angle plate, 3. Precast side wall, 31. Vertical part, 32. Horizontal part, 4. Precast arch angle plate, 5. Precast arch top plate, 6. Precast middle plate, 7. Concrete, 8. Casting hole, 9. Connecting steel plate, 91. Main plate, 92. Upper wing plate, 93. Lower wing plate, 94. Side wing plate, 95. Operation hole, 10. Anchor bar, 11. Nut, 12. Bolt, 13. Enclosure structure, 14. Crown beam, 16. Pad, 17. Fertilizer trough, 18. Backfill soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0033] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0034] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an integrally assembled column-free underground structure, including a prefabricated top plate, a prefabricated side wall 3 and a prefabricated bottom plate; both ends of the prefabricated bottom plate are bent to form a first vertical connection portion, and both ends of the prefabricated top plate are bent to form a second vertical connection portion; prefabricated side walls 3 are spliced ​​on the first vertical connection portions at both ends of the prefabricated bottom plate, and the tops of the two prefabricated side walls 3 are respectively spliced ​​with the second vertical connection portions at both ends of the prefabricated top plate; the prefabricated components are connected to each other by cast-in-place concrete. The plates and walls in the integrally assembled column-free underground structure of this embodiment are in the form of prefabricated components, which are transported to the construction site and assembled to form an integral assembly structure, which can avoid most of the on-site temporary facilities such as formwork and scaffolding, save construction time, and improve production efficiency and building quality; and the node areas between the prefabricated components are cast-in-place "wet nodes", and the integrity of the assembled underground structure is good.

[0035] In this embodiment, the prefabricated top plate includes a prefabricated arch angle plate 4 and a prefabricated arch top plate 5, both ends of the prefabricated arch top plate 5 are spliced ​​with prefabricated arch angle plates 4, one end of each prefabricated arch angle plate 4 away from the prefabricated arch top plate 5 is bent to form a second vertical connection portion, and the second vertical connection portion of each prefabricated arch angle plate 4 is spliced ​​with the top of the prefabricated side wall 3. Furthermore, the prefabricated bottom plate includes a prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 and a prefabricated bottom middle plate 1, both ends of the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 are spliced ​​with prefabricated bottom angle plates 2, one end of each prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 away from the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 is bent to form a first vertical connection portion, and the first vertical connection portion of each prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 is spliced ​​with the bottom of the prefabricated side wall 3. In this embodiment, both ends of the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 are spliced ​​with prefabricated bottom angle plates 2, each prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 is spliced ​​with a prefabricated side wall 3, each prefabricated side wall 3 is spliced ​​with a prefabricated arch angle plate 4, and both ends of the prefabricated arch top plate 5 are spliced ​​with the prefabricated arch angle plates 4 on both sides, and the prefabricated components are connected with cast-in-place concrete to improve the integrity of the overall assembled underground structure. In addition, the arch is used in this embodiment to achieve a large span without columns and a large space effect, and the visual effect of the decoration building is good.

[0036] Furthermore, casting holes 8 are reserved on the precast arch angle plate 4, the precast side wall 3 and the precast bottom angle plate 2; on the same side of the precast arch top plate 5, the node area of ​​the precast arch top plate 5 and the precast arch angle plate 4, the casting holes 8 on the precast arch angle plate 4, the node area of ​​the precast arch angle plate 4 and the precast side wall 3, the casting holes 8 on the precast side wall 3, the node area of ​​the precast side wall 3 and the precast bottom angle plate 2, the casting holes 8 on the precast bottom angle plate, and the node area of ​​the precast bottom angle plate 2 and the precast bottom middle plate 1 are sequentially connected and all have cast-in-place concrete 7, and are cast-in-place at one time. Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the four prefabricated component node areas on the same side of the prefabricated arch top plate 5 are connected by reserving casting holes 8 on the prefabricated arch corner plate 4, the prefabricated side wall 3 and the prefabricated bottom corner plate 2; on both sides of the prefabricated common top plate, concrete 7 is poured into the node areas of the prefabricated arch top plate 5 and the prefabricated arch corner plate 4, and the concrete 7 flows along the casting holes 8 on the prefabricated arch corner plate 4, the node area of ​​the prefabricated arch corner plate 4 and the prefabricated side wall 3, the casting holes 8 on the prefabricated side wall 3, the node area of ​​the prefabricated side wall 3 and the prefabricated bottom corner plate 2, and the casting holes 8 on the prefabricated bottom corner plate 2 into the node area of ​​the prefabricated bottom corner plate 2 and the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1, and then As concrete 7 is poured, the node areas between the precast bottom angle plate 2 and the precast bottom middle plate 1, the casting holes 8 on the precast bottom angle plate 2, the node areas between the precast side walls 3 and the precast bottom angle plate 2, the casting holes 8 on the precast side walls 3, the node areas between the precast arch angle plate 4 and the precast side walls 3, the casting holes 8 on the precast arch angle plate 4, and the node areas between the precast arch top plate 5 and the precast arch angle plate 4 are filled in sequence from bottom to top. By casting four node areas on the same side of the precast arch top plate 5 at one time, the prefabricated underground structure is better realized, which has a wide range of applications, a simple construction method, and can effectively improve the integrity of the overall prefabricated structure.

[0037] The integrally assembled column-free underground structure of this embodiment can be used for an underground first-floor structure. In this case, the prefabricated side wall 3 can be designed to include only a vertical portion 31, and the upper and lower ends of the vertical portion 31 are respectively used for assembly and connection with the prefabricated arch angle plate 4 and the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2.

[0038] The integrally assembled column-free underground structure of this embodiment can also be used for a two-story underground structure. In this case, a prefabricated middle plate 6 is provided between the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 and the prefabricated arch top plate 5. The two ends of the prefabricated middle plate 6 are respectively spliced ​​with the prefabricated side walls 3 on both sides, and the node area between the prefabricated middle plate 6 and the prefabricated side walls 3 is cast with concrete 7. Optimally, the prefabricated side wall 3 includes an integrally formed vertical portion 31 and a horizontal portion 32. The upper and lower ends of the vertical portion 31 are respectively connected to the prefabricated arch angle plate 4 and the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2; one end of the horizontal portion 32 is fixed to the vertical portion 31, and the other end is connected to the prefabricated middle plate 6.

[0039] In this embodiment, both ends of the prefabricated side wall 3, one end of the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 for splicing with the prefabricated side wall 3, and one end of the prefabricated arch angle plate 4 for splicing with the prefabricated side wall 3 are all provided with connectors; the connector on the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 is connected to the connector at the bottom end of the prefabricated side wall 3 through two connecting steel plates 9 arranged longitudinally along the underground structure, and the connector at the top end of the prefabricated side wall 3 is connected to the connector on the prefabricated arch angle plate 4 through two connecting steel plates 9 arranged longitudinally along the underground structure. The two connecting steel plates 9 of this embodiment are arranged opposite to each other on the left and right, and the positioning and splicing between the prefabricated components are realized by connecting the steel plates 9, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the prefabricated components and the connection strength of the nodes between the prefabricated components.

[0040] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, each connecting steel plate 9 includes a main plate 91, an upper wing plate 92 and a lower wing plate 93. The upper end and the lower end of the main plate 91 are connected to the upper wing plate 92 and the lower wing plate 93 respectively; the upper wing plate 92 is fixedly connected to the connecting piece on the upper side of the connecting steel plate 9, and the lower wing plate 93 is fixedly connected to the connecting piece on the lower side of the connecting steel plate 9. In this embodiment, a plurality of through holes are respectively provided on the upper wing plate 92 and the lower wing plate 93 for the anchor bar 10 to pass through so as to realize the connection between the anchor bar 10 and the connecting steel plate 9.

[0041] Furthermore, each connecting member includes two embedded components, and the two embedded components are respectively fixedly connected to the upper wing plate 92 or the lower wing plate 93 of the two connecting steel plates 9. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the embedded assembly includes a plurality of anchor bars 10 arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, one end of the anchor bar 10 is embedded in the prefabricated component, and the other end extends out of the prefabricated component and passes through the corresponding upper wing plate 92 or lower wing plate 93 and is fixed by a nut 11, and the portion of the anchor bar 10 extending out of the prefabricated component is provided with a thread, and the upper wing plate 92 and the lower wing plate 93 are both provided with through holes for the plurality of anchor bars 10 to pass through. Optimally, one end of each anchor bar 10 embedded in the prefabricated component is bent to form an anchor hook, further increasing the bonding strength between the anchor bar 10 and the prefabricated component.

[0042] Furthermore, an operating hole 95 is provided on the main board 91 of the connecting steel plate 9 close to the inner space of the underground structure for extending between the two connecting steel plates 9 to fix the two connecting steel plates 9 to the corresponding connecting pieces above them respectively. The operating hole 95 can also be used for a manipulator to connect the adjacent connecting steel plates 9 along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure by bolts 12.

[0043] In this embodiment, the splicing method of the prefabricated side wall 3 and the prefabricated bottom corner plate 2 is the same as the splicing method of the prefabricated arch corner plate 4 and the prefabricated side wall 3. Here, the splicing method of the prefabricated side wall 3 and the prefabricated bottom corner plate 2 is taken as an example for description. Figure 3 As shown, before hoisting the prefabricated side wall 3, two connecting steel plates 9 are arranged on the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, and the anchor bars 10 of the two embedded components on the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 are respectively passed through the corresponding through holes on the lower wing plates 93 of the two connecting steel plates 9, and then the nuts 11 are screwed on the anchor bars 10 to fix the lower wing plates 93; then the prefabricated side wall 3 is hoisted and the anchor bars 10 of the two embedded components at the bottom of the prefabricated side wall 3 are respectively passed through the corresponding through holes on the upper wing plates 92 of the two connecting steel plates 9; and then the nut 11 is screwed on one end of the anchor bar 10 passing through the upper wing plate 92 through the operation hole 95 opened on the main board 91 of the connecting steel plate 9 close to the internal space of the underground structure to fix the upper wing plate 92, thereby realizing the assembly connection between the prefabricated side wall 3 and the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2.

[0044] Furthermore, side wing plates 94 are provided on both sides of the main plate 91 along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure; and along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, adjacent side wing plates 94 on two adjacent connecting steel plates 9 are connected by bolts 12. The overall assembled underground structure in this embodiment includes a plurality of prefabricated rings spliced ​​along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, each prefabricated ring is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, they all include a prefabricated bottom middle plate 1, two prefabricated bottom angle plates 2, two prefabricated side walls 3, two prefabricated arch angle plates 4, a prefabricated arch top plate 5 and a prefabricated middle plate 6. In this embodiment, the splicing method of the connecting steel plate 9 between the prefabricated side walls 3 and the prefabricated bottom angle plates 2 in the longitudinal direction of the underground structure is the same as the splicing method of the connecting steel plate between the prefabricated side walls 3 and the prefabricated arch angle plates 4 in the longitudinal direction of the underground structure. Here, the splicing of the connecting steel plate 9 between the prefabricated side walls 3 and the prefabricated bottom angle plates 2 in the longitudinal direction of the underground structure is taken as an example for explanation. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, side wing plates 94 are provided on both sides of the connecting steel plates 9 along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure. Through holes are provided on the side wing plates 94 for the bolts 12 to pass through. Adjacent side wing plates 94 of adjacent connecting steel plates 9 are connected by bolts 12 through operating holes 95 on the main board 91 of the connecting steel plates 9 close to the inside of the underground structure, thereby further improving the integrity of the overall assembled underground structure.

[0045] In this embodiment, the splicing method of the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 and the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 is similar to the splicing method of the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 and the prefabricated side wall 3, that is, two upper and lower rows of anchor bars are embedded in one end of the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 for splicing and connecting with the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1, and two upper and lower rows of anchor bars are embedded in both ends of the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1; one end of the anchor bar is embedded in the prefabricated component, and the other end extends out of the prefabricated component, and the part of the anchor bar extending out of the prefabricated component is provided with a thread; the two rows of anchor bars on the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 and the two rows of anchor bars on the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 are connected to the connecting piece at the bottom end of the prefabricated side wall 3 through two connecting steel plates arranged longitudinally along the underground structure. The two connecting steel plates in this embodiment are arranged relatively up and down, and the main board of each connecting steel plate is provided with side wing plates on both sides along the horizontal direction of the underground structure, and the side wing plates on both sides are respectively connected to the anchor bars on both sides, and the positioning splicing between the prefabricated components is realized by connecting the steel plates, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the prefabricated components and the connection strength of the nodes between the prefabricated components. The splicing process of the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 and the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 of this embodiment is as follows: before hoisting the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2, two connecting steel plates are arranged at both ends of the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, and the two rows of anchor bars at the end of the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 are respectively passed through the through holes on the side wing plates of the corresponding two connecting steel plates, and then nuts are screwed on the anchor bars to fix the side wing plates; then the prefabricated bottom angle plates 2 are respectively hoisted on both sides of the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 until their bottom surfaces are flush with the bottom surface of the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1, the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 is brought close to the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 and the two rows of anchor bars on the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 are respectively passed through the corresponding through holes on the side wing plates at the other ends of the two connecting steel plates; and then a nut is screwed on one end of the anchor bar passing through the side wing plate through the operation hole opened on the main board of the connecting steel plate located above to fix the wing plate at the other end. The method of splicing the connecting steel plates between the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 and the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure is the same as the method of splicing the connecting steel plates between the prefabricated side wall 3 and the prefabricated arch angle plate 4 along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, and will not be described in detail here.

[0046] The assembling method of the prefabricated arch angle plate 4 and the prefabricated arch top plate 5 and the assembling method of the prefabricated side wall 3 and the prefabricated middle plate 6 can be the same. Taking the assembling method of the prefabricated arch angle plate 4 and the prefabricated arch top plate 5 as an example for explanation, when the prefabricated arch angle plate 4 is prefabricated, two upper and lower rows of anchor bars can be pre-buried at one end of the prefabricated arch angle plate 4 for assembling and connecting with the prefabricated arch top plate 5; when the prefabricated arch top plate 5 is prefabricated, two upper and lower rows of anchor bars can be pre-buried at both ends of the prefabricated arch top plate 5, and the part of the anchor bars extending out of the prefabricated component is provided with an external thread; before lifting the prefabricated arch top plate 5, each prefabricated arch angle plate 4 is pre-buried with an external thread. Two connecting steel plates facing each other are arranged on one side of the plate 4, and side wing plates are provided at both ends of the main board of each connecting steel plate in the horizontal direction of the underground structure, and the two rows of anchor bars on the prefabricated side wall 3 respectively penetrate the corresponding through holes on the side wing plates at one end of the two connecting steel plates, and then nuts are screwed on the anchor bars to fix the side wing plates; and a plurality of inverted L-shaped grooves are provided on the side wing plate at the other end of the upper connecting steel plate, and a plurality of vertical grooves are provided on the side wing plate at the other end of the lower connecting steel plate, and the middle part of each vertical groove is connected to a horizontal groove, and the position of the horizontal groove is consistent with the horizontal direction of the inverted L-shaped groove. The two parts are in the same direction, and a plurality of straight grooves are provided on the main plate of the connecting steel plate at the bottom, and the straight grooves are connected with the bottom of the corresponding vertical grooves, so that the anchor bars can pass through the connecting steel plates when the prefabricated vault plate 5 is lifted; the prefabricated vault plate 5 is lifted by the trolley, and the upper row of anchor bars at both ends of the prefabricated vault plate 5 respectively pass through the corresponding straight grooves on the main plate and then pass through the vertical grooves to enter between the two connecting steel plates, and then enter the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped groove. At this time, the lower row of anchor bars at both ends of the prefabricated vault plate 5 enters the vertical groove through the corresponding straight grooves on the main plate, and the prefabricated vault plate 5 is continuously lifted. When the upper row of anchor bars enters the top of the vertical part of the corresponding inverted L-shaped groove, the lower row of anchor bars enters the corresponding vertical groove and the horizontal groove, and then the prefabricated vault plate 5 is moved along the horizontal groove direction, the upper row of anchor bars enters the horizontal part of the corresponding inverted L-shaped groove, and the lower row of anchor bars enters the corresponding horizontal groove. At this time, nuts are screwed on the anchor bars through the operation holes opened on the main connecting steel plate to fix the side wing plates, or the anchor bars are directly welded to the side wing plates to realize the assembly connection of the prefabricated vault plate 5 and the prefabricated arch angle plate 4. When this splicing method is adopted, side wing plates can be provided on both sides of the connecting steel plate along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, and then the adjacent side wing plates of the connecting steel plates adjacent in the longitudinal direction are connected by bolts. As another implementation method, when the prefabricated arch corner plate 4 is prefabricated, a plurality of embedded parts may be pre-embedded along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure at one end of the prefabricated arch corner plate 4 for assembling and connecting with the prefabricated arch top plate 5; when the prefabricated arch top plate 5 is prefabricated, a plurality of embedded parts may be pre-embedded along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure at both ends of the prefabricated arch top plate 5; the prefabricated arch top plate 5 is lifted by a trolley, and the embedded parts on the prefabricated arch top plate 5 are cross-arranged and partially overlapped with the embedded parts on the prefabricated arch corner plate 4, and then the assembly connection between the prefabricated arch corner plate 4 and the prefabricated arch top plate 5 is achieved by fixing adjacent or all embedded parts together.

[0047] The pouring hole 8 in this embodiment can be directly reserved on the prefabricated component and penetrate its two ends for splicing in the circumferential direction, or it can be formed by splicing adjacent prefabricated components in the longitudinal direction, but in both methods, the upper and lower ends of the pouring hole 8 are at least partially connected to the node areas above and below them respectively. When the pouring hole 8 is formed by splicing adjacent prefabricated components in the longitudinal direction, the prefabricated side wall 3 is used as an example for explanation. The prefabricated arch angle plate 4 and the prefabricated bottom angle plate 2 are the same, and no further description is given here; Figure 5 As shown, when the prefabricated side wall 3 is prefabricated, a casting groove is reserved at the end of the prefabricated side wall 3 for splicing in the longitudinal direction; when the adjacent prefabricated side walls 3 in the longitudinal direction of the underground structure are assembled, the adjacent casting grooves of the adjacent prefabricated side walls 3 are opposed and enclosed to form a casting hole that passes through from top to bottom, and the concrete 7 can enter the node area between the prefabricated side wall 3 and the prefabricated bottom corner plate 2 through the casting hole; and when this type of casting hole is used, when pouring concrete 7, while filling each node area and casting hole 8 from bottom to top, the construction of the cast-in-place wet node between the adjacent prefabricated components in the longitudinal direction is completed, thereby improving the integrity of the overall assembled underground structure in the longitudinal direction. The casting hole of this embodiment can be of various shapes. Preferably, the cross-section of the casting hole is rectangular, circular, hexagonal or octagonal. At this time, the casting grooves at both ends of the prefabricated side wall 3 have the same shape, and the two adjacent prefabricated side walls 3 can enclose a casting hole when they are assembled in opposition, so that the size of the prefabricated side wall 3 can be standardized, reducing the design workload, improving production efficiency, and facilitating industrialization.

[0048] The open-cut integrally assembled column-free underground structure of this embodiment is suitable for main structure projects such as urban rail transit underground stations, basements, and integrated pipe galleries, and its construction method includes the following steps:

[0049] 1) After the construction of the enclosure structure 13 is completed, the crown beam 14 is constructed; then the open excavation method is used to excavate the foundation pit between the enclosure structure 13, and three internal supports are erected while excavating. After excavating to the bottom of the pit, a concrete cushion layer 16 is constructed; among them, the top internal support can be a concrete support, and the bottom internal support and the middle internal support can be steel supports;

[0050] 2) hoisting the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 on the cushion layer 16 and accurately positioning it;

[0051] 3) hoisting the prefabricated bottom angle plates 2 on both sides of the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1 respectively, and assembling and connecting the prefabricated bottom angle plates 2 with the prefabricated bottom middle plate 1;

[0052] 4) Remove the lowest inner support, hoist the prefabricated side walls 3 on the prefabricated bottom angle plates 2 on both sides, and assemble and connect the prefabricated side walls 3 with the prefabricated bottom angle plates 2;

[0053] 5) Remove the inner support in the middle, hoist the prefabricated arch angle plates 4 on the prefabricated side walls 3 on both sides, and assemble and connect the prefabricated arch angle plates 4 with the prefabricated side walls 3;

[0054] 6) hoisting the prefabricated vault plate 5, and assembling and connecting the two ends of the prefabricated vault plate 5 with the prefabricated vault angle plates 4 on both sides thereof;

[0055] 7) On the same side of the precast vault plate 5, the node area of ​​the precast vault plate 5 and the precast arch angle plate 4, the casting holes 8 on the precast arch angle plate 4, the node area of ​​the precast arch angle plate 4 and the precast side wall 3, the casting holes 8 on the precast side wall 3, the node area of ​​the precast side wall 3 and the precast bottom angle plate 2, the casting holes 8 on the precast bottom angle plate 2, and the node area of ​​the precast bottom angle plate 2 and the precast bottom middle plate 1 are connected in sequence; by pouring concrete 7 into the node areas of the precast vault plate 5 and the precast arch angle plate 4, four node areas on the same side of the precast vault plate 5 are cast at one time; then the fertilizer trough 17 is backfilled with concrete 7, and then the top inner support is removed to complete the pipeline relocation, soil backfilling and other work.

[0056] The above construction method can be used for the construction of one underground floor structure; when used for the construction of two underground floors, the specific construction method is to perform the following steps after the above step 4) and before step 5): hoist the prefabricated middle plate 6 between the prefabricated side walls 3 on both sides, and assemble and connect the two ends of the prefabricated middle plate 6 to the prefabricated side walls 3 on both sides respectively; further, after step 7), pour concrete 7 into the node area between the prefabricated middle plate 6 and the prefabricated side walls 3 to complete the cast-in-place of the node area between the prefabricated middle plate 6 and the prefabricated side walls 3.

[0057] The prefabricated components and node areas of the integrally assembled column-free underground structure provided in this embodiment all adopt cast-in-place "wet nodes", and the assembled underground structure has good waterproofness and integrity. The underground structure built by this embodiment adopts a reasonable component block scheme and a pre-construction replacement scheme, which is not restricted by geological conditions, internal supports, etc., and solves the problems of difficult hoisting and assembly of prefabricated parts in the construction of open excavation foundation pits with internal support systems, as well as poor waterproofness and integrity of assembled structures. The size and weight of the prefabricated components can meet the requirements of on-site hoisting and assembly of foundation pits with internal supports, and at the same time facilitate the transportation of prefabricated components, and can better realize industrial promotion and application.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrally assembled column-free underground structure, characterized in that: It comprises a prefabricated top plate, a prefabricated side wall and a prefabricated bottom plate; both ends of the prefabricated bottom plate are bent to form a first vertical connection portion, and both ends of the prefabricated top plate are bent to form a second vertical connection portion; prefabricated side walls are spliced ​​on the first vertical connection portions at both ends of the prefabricated bottom plate, and the tops of the two prefabricated side walls are spliced ​​with the second vertical connection portions at both ends of the prefabricated top plate respectively; the prefabricated components are connected to each other by cast-in-place concrete; The prefabricated top plate includes a prefabricated arch angle plate and a prefabricated arch top plate, both ends of the prefabricated arch top plate are spliced ​​with prefabricated arch angle plates, one end of each prefabricated arch angle plate away from the prefabricated arch top plate is bent to form the second vertical connection portion, and the second vertical connection portion of each prefabricated arch angle plate is spliced ​​with the top of the prefabricated side wall; The prefabricated bottom plate includes a prefabricated bottom angle plate and a prefabricated bottom middle plate, both ends of the prefabricated bottom middle plate are spliced ​​with prefabricated bottom angle plates, one end of each of the prefabricated bottom angle plates away from the prefabricated bottom middle plate is bent to form the first vertical connection portion, and the first vertical connection portion of each of the prefabricated bottom angle plates is spliced ​​with the bottom of the prefabricated side wall; Casting holes are reserved on the prefabricated arch corner plate, the prefabricated side wall and the prefabricated bottom corner plate; on the same side of the prefabricated arch top plate, the node area of ​​the prefabricated arch top plate and the prefabricated arch corner plate, the casting holes on the prefabricated arch corner plate, the node area of ​​the prefabricated arch corner plate and the prefabricated side wall, the casting holes on the prefabricated side wall, the node area of ​​the prefabricated side wall and the prefabricated bottom corner plate, the casting holes on the prefabricated bottom corner plate, and the node area of ​​the prefabricated bottom corner plate and the prefabricated bottom middle plate are connected in sequence and are all cast-in-place with concrete, and are cast-in-place at one time.

2. The integrally assembled column-free underground structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A prefabricated middle plate is arranged between the prefabricated bottom plate and the prefabricated top plate, two ends of the prefabricated middle plate are respectively spliced ​​with the prefabricated side walls on both sides, and a node area between the prefabricated middle plate and the prefabricated side walls is cast in situ with concrete.

3. The integrally assembled column-free underground structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The prefabricated side wall includes an integrally formed vertical part and a horizontal part, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the vertical part are respectively connected to the prefabricated top plate and the prefabricated bottom plate; one end of the horizontal part is fixed to the vertical part, and the other end is connected to the prefabricated middle plate.

4. The integrally assembled column-free underground structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the prefabricated side wall, one end of the prefabricated bottom angle plate used for splicing with the prefabricated side wall, and one end of the prefabricated arch angle plate used for splicing with the prefabricated side wall are all provided with connecting parts; the connecting part on the prefabricated bottom angle plate is connected to the connecting part at the bottom end of the prefabricated side wall through two connecting steel plates arranged along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, and the connecting part at the top end of the prefabricated side wall is connected to the connecting part on the prefabricated arch angle plate through two connecting steel plates arranged along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure.

5. The integrally assembled column-free underground structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the connecting steel plates includes a main board, an upper wing plate and a lower wing plate, and the upper and lower ends of the main board are respectively connected to the upper wing plate and the lower wing plate; the upper wing plate is fixedly connected to the connecting piece on the upper side of the connecting steel plate, and the lower wing plate is fixedly connected to the connecting piece on the lower side of the connecting steel plate.

6. The integrally assembled column-free underground structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each of the connecting parts includes two embedded components, and the two embedded components are respectively fixedly connected to the upper wing plates or the lower wing plates of the two connecting steel plates.

7. An integrally assembled column-free underground structure as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The embedded component includes a plurality of anchor bars spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, one end of the anchor bar is embedded in the prefabricated component, and the other end extends out of the prefabricated component and passes through the corresponding upper wing plate or the lower wing plate and is fixed by a nut.

8. The integrally assembled column-free underground structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Side wing plates are provided on both sides of the main plate along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure; and along the longitudinal direction of the underground structure, adjacent side wing plates on two adjacent connecting steel plates are connected by bolts.

9. The integrally assembled column-free underground structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: An operation hole is provided on the connecting steel plate close to the inner space of the underground structure for extending between the two connecting steel plates to fix the two connecting steel plates to the corresponding connecting pieces above them respectively.

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