A semi-waste boiler gasification device for reducing ash accumulation and ablation and a method of using the same

Abstract

The object of the present invention is to provide a semi-waste boiler gasification equipment with reduced ash accumulation and ablation and a method of using the same, so as to effectively solve the problem of slagging and ash accumulation in the waste boiler process while realizing the recovery of high-temperature sensible heat of synthesis gas; to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the solution of the present invention is to provide a semi-waste boiler gasification equipment with reduced ash accumulation and ablation, comprising: a gasification reaction chamber, a rectifying section, a radiation heat exchange chamber and a quenching chamber connected in sequence from top to bottom; the gasification reaction chamber is used to obtain synthesis gas and ash after gasifying coal; the rectifying section is used to reduce the velocity fluctuation of the synthesis gas and ash to avoid hitting the inner wall of the radiation heat exchange chamber; the radiation heat exchange chamber comprises a water-cooled wall portion located in the radiation heat exchange chamber and a cooling cone portion located at the lower part of the radiation heat exchange chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and in particular to a semi-waste boiler gasification device capable of reducing dust accumulation and ablation, and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] From the perspective of energy recovery and cooling measures for crude syngas, entrained-flow gasification technology includes quenching process, semi-waste boiler process and full-waste boiler process. Among them, the semi-waste boiler process can modify the amount of steam added according to different operating conditions, which is more suitable for chemical production.

[0003] The main problem of gasification equipment in the semi-waste boiler process is the waste boiler clogging and ash accumulation. While realizing the recovery of high-temperature sensible heat of synthesis gas, effectively solving the problem of slagging and ash accumulation in the waste boiler process and achieving long-term stable operation are still unresolved problems in this technical field.

[0004] CN108102719A provides a gasification device with a recovery device that can prevent slag blockage. It mentions that the radiation waste pot is arranged as a cylindrical radiation waste pot and a conical radiation waste pot connected to the bottom of the cylindrical radiation waste pot, forming a longitudinal channel for recovering coal gas and ash, and a nozzle is installed in the middle of the conical radiation waste pot to spray the synthesis gas and ash. The structure arranges the nozzle on the cone surface, which is easy to be flushed by the high-temperature airflow and ash, so the requirements for the nozzle are relatively high. At the same time, the cone surface will still directly contact the synthesis gas and ash, thereby causing ablation problems.

[0005] CN108707479A provides a radiation waste boiler system and a working method thereof, and proposes adding a multi-layer purge air ring pipe on the outer side of the radiation waste boiler barrel water-cooled wall, and a plurality of purge air branch pipes and purge holes on the inner side.

[0006] CN1063433790 provides a gasification device with a recovery device that can prevent slag blocking, and mentions that several layers of rappers are arranged on the outside of the water-cooled wall, and a gas soot blowing device is arranged on the water-cooled wall.

[0007] In summary, most existing patents propose to use vibration and blowing to remove ash. This method mainly aims at the ash accumulation problem on the water-cooled wall. However, the conical cooling cone at the bottom of the radiation waste boiler is more prone to ash accumulation and ablation problems due to the angle between the velocity direction of the synthesis gas and ash and the cone surface of the cooling cone.

[0008] Therefore, it is a technical problem to be solved urgently to provide a semi-waste boiler gasification equipment that can reduce ash accumulation and ablation in the field of coal chemical technology. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a semi-waste boiler gasification device and a method of using the device for reducing ash accumulation and ablation, so as to effectively solve the problem of slagging and ash accumulation in the waste boiler process while realizing the recovery of high-temperature sensible heat of synthesis gas.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the solution of the present invention is to provide a semi-waste boiler gasification equipment that reduces ash accumulation and ablation, including: a gasification reaction chamber, a rectifying section, a radiation heat exchange chamber and a quenching chamber connected in sequence from top to bottom; the gasification reaction chamber is used to obtain synthesis gas and ash after gasifying coal; the rectifying section is used to reduce the velocity fluctuation of the synthesis gas and ash to avoid hitting the inner wall of the radiation heat exchange chamber; the radiation heat exchange chamber includes a water-cooled wall portion located in the radiation heat exchange chamber and a cooling cone portion located at the lower part of the radiation heat exchange chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the quenching chamber comprises a quenching ring, a down pipe, an up pipe, and a water bath. The quenching ring is located at the connection between the cooling cone and the down pipe. The diameter of the up pipe is larger than that of the down pipe.

[0012] The outlet of the down pipe is provided with the riser, the outlet of the down pipe is submerged by the water bath, and the upper end of the riser is higher than the horizontal plane of the water bath.

[0013] Furthermore, the cooling cone portion includes a cooling cone and a water film generating device. The water film generating device is located at the top of the cooling cone. The cooling cone is an inverted cone structure. The cooling cone includes a cooling water channel and a cone surface. The cooling water channel is arranged outside the cone surface. The cooling water channel is used to provide cooling water for the water film generating device and also has the function of cooling the cone surface. The water film generating device is used to form a first water film on the inner surface of the cone surface. The minimum circumferential inner diameter of the water film generating device is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the radiation heat exchange chamber to avoid dust accumulation on the water film generating device.

[0014] Furthermore, the ratio of the height of the cooling cone to the height of the radiation heat exchange chamber is 1 / 2 to 1 / 8; and the angle between the cone surface and the axial direction is 20° to 50°.

[0015] Furthermore, the water film generating device is a nozzle, which is arranged at the outlet of the cooling water channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the water film generating device comprises a water collecting box and a guide plate, the bottom of the water collecting box is provided with a plurality of water outlet holes, and the water outlet holes are provided with a guide plate to guide the water from the water collecting box to the conical surface, so that an uninterrupted water film is formed on the conical surface. The angle a between the plurality of guide plates and the generatrix of the cooling cone is 20. to 60.

[0017] Furthermore, the inlet of the cooling water channel is connected to the quenching ring, and the cooling water flows out from the outlet of the quenching ring to form a second water film on the surface of the downcomer.

[0018] Furthermore, a water film guide plate is provided at the connection between the cooling cone and the quenching ring, and the water film guide plate is used to flow the first water film into the downcomer along the water film guide plate to avoid the first water film and the second water film from merging.

[0019] Furthermore, the upper part of the water film guide plate is a conical surface connected to the cooling cone, and the lower part is a cylindrical surface tangent to the quenching ring. The angle between the generatrix of the upper conical surface of the guide plate and the axial direction is c, and the angle between the generatrix of the cooling cone surface and the axial direction is b, and the value of c is equal to b.

[0020] A method for using a semi-waste boiler gasification device that reduces ash accumulation and ablation. After coal powder and a gasifying agent are burned in a gasification reaction chamber, synthesis gas and ash are generated. The synthesis gas and ash enter a radiation heat exchange chamber through a rectifying section, and enter a cooling cone after heat exchange in a water-cooled wall. Cooling water enters the inlet of a cooling water channel. After a part of the cooling water enters the cooling water channel and reaches a water film generating device, a first water film is formed on the cone surface, and another part of the cooling water flows out from the lower outlet of a quenching ring to form a second water film on the surface of a downcomer. The first water film isolates high-temperature synthesis gas and ash from the cone surface, thereby avoiding high-temperature ablation and reducing ash accumulation. Ash particles that fall onto the first water film will enter the downcomer along with the first water film. The ash is rapidly cooled in the cooling water and leaves the gasifier from the ash outlet at the bottom of the gasifier. After the synthesis gas enters a water bath for cooling, it passes through the riser and leaves the gasifier through the synthesis gas outlet.

[0021] Advantages of the invention.

[0022] 1) A uniform and uninterrupted water film is set on the cooling cone surface at the bottom of the radiation heat exchange chamber to reduce the ash and slagging problem in the waste boiler section, reduce the ablation and impact of the syngas and ash on the cone surface, and can also wash and cool the raw syngas after heat exchange in the waste boiler, which can further reduce the ash content of the syngas.

[0023] 2) The water film generating device on the cooling cone can make full use of cooling water and can use relatively dirty gray water, saving high-quality water. At the same time, there is a cooling water channel on the outside of the cone surface and a water film inside the cone surface to achieve double cooling, protect the cooling cone, and reduce dust accumulation and ablation problems.

[0024] 3) The first water film formed on the cooling cone surface by the water film generating device and the second water film formed on the inner side of the downcomer by the quenching ring together constitute two layers of water film, thereby preventing the existing downcomer from having only one layer of water film on the inner wall, which is prone to slag and causes local thermal deformation or even cracking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a semi-waste boiler gasification device for reducing ash accumulation and ablation provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the quenching ring provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cooling cone provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the water film generating device provided by the present invention.

[0029] As shown in the figure, 1-gasification reaction chamber, 2-rectifying section, 3-water-cooled wall, 4-radiant heat exchange chamber, 5-water film generating device, 6-cooling cone, 7-quenching ring, 8-synthesis gas outlet, 9-down pipe, 10-upper pipe, 11-water bath, 12-ash outlet, 13-conical surface, 14-cooling water channel, 15-water film guide plate, 16-cooling water channel inlet, 17-first water film, 18-second water film, 19-guide plate, 20-water collecting tank, 21-water outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a semi-waste boiler gasification device for reducing ash accumulation and ablation comprises:

[0032] The gasification reaction chamber 1, the rectifying section 2, the radiation heat exchange chamber 4 and the quenching chamber are connected in sequence; the gasification reaction chamber 1 is used to obtain synthesis gas and ash after gasifying coal; the rectifying section 2 is used to reduce the speed fluctuation of the synthesis gas and ash to avoid hitting the inner wall of the radiation heat exchange chamber 4; the radiation heat exchange chamber 4 includes a water-cooled wall portion 3 located in the radiation heat exchange chamber 4 and a cooling cone portion located at the lower part of the radiation heat exchange chamber 4.

[0033] The quenching chamber includes a quenching ring 7, a down pipe 9, an up pipe 10, and a water bath 11. The quenching ring 7 is located at the connection between the cooling cone and the down pipe 9. The diameter of the up pipe 10 is larger than that of the down pipe 9. The up pipe 10 is provided at the outlet of the down pipe 9. The outlet of the down pipe 9 is submerged in the water bath 11, and the upper end of the up pipe 10 is higher than the horizontal plane of the water bath 11.

[0034] like Figure 3As shown, the cooling cone portion includes a cooling cone 6 and a water film generating device 5. The water film generating device 5 is located at the top of the cooling cone 6. The cooling cone 6 is an inverted cone structure. The cooling cone 6 includes a cooling water channel 14 and a cone surface 13. The cooling water channel 14 is arranged outside the cone surface 13. The cooling water channel 14 is used to provide cooling water for the water film generating device 5 and also has the function of cooling the cone surface 13. The water film generating device 5 is used to form a first water film 17 on the inner surface of the cone surface 13. The minimum circumferential inner diameter of the water film generating device 5 is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the radiation heat exchange chamber 4 to avoid dust accumulation on the water film generating device 5. The ratio of the height of the cooling cone 6 to the height of the radiation heat exchange chamber 4 is 1 / 5, and the angle between the cone surface 13 and the axial direction is 45°.

[0035] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the water film generating device 5 includes a water collecting box 20 and a guide plate 19. The bottom of the water collecting box 20 is provided with a plurality of water outlet holes 21. The guide plate 19 is provided at the water outlet holes 21 to guide the water from the water collecting box 20 to the conical surface 13, so that an uninterrupted water film is formed on the conical surface 13. The angle a between the plurality of guide plates 19 and the generatrix of the cooling cone 6 is 30°. The cooling water coming out of the guide plate 19 is in a swirling shape, so that the water film can be evenly distributed on the conical surface 13. The distribution radius of the water collecting box 20 in the circumferential direction is larger than the inner diameter of the cooling cone 6 to ensure that the synthesis gas and ash coming down from the gasification reaction chamber 1 will not fall on the water collecting box 20.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the cooling water channel inlet 16 is connected to the quenching ring 7, and the cooling water flows out from the outlet of the quenching ring 7 to form a second water film 18 on the surface of the downcomer 9. A water film guide plate 15 is provided at the connection between the cooling cone 6 and the quenching ring 7. The water film guide plate 15 is used to direct the first water film 17 along the water film guide plate 15 into the downcomer 9 to avoid the first water film 17 and the second water film 18 from merging. The upper part of the water film guide plate 15 is a conical surface 13 connected to the cooling cone 6, and the lower part is a cylindrical surface tangent to the quenching ring 7. The included angle between the generatrix of the conical surface 13 of the upper part of the guide plate and the axial direction is c, and the included angle between the generatrix of the conical surface 13 of the cooling cone 6 and the axial direction is b, and the value of c is equal to b.

[0037] Specific working process: coal powder and gasifying agent enter the gasifier from the burner, and produce synthesis gas and ash after incomplete combustion in the gasification reaction chamber 1. Part of the ash adheres to the inner wall of the gasification reaction chamber 1, and part of it is discharged from the gasification reaction chamber 1 along with the synthesis gas, enters the radiation heat exchange chamber 4 through the rectifying section 2, and enters the cooling cone after heat exchange in the water-cooled wall section 3; cooling water enters the cooling water channel inlet 16, and part of the cooling water enters the cooling water channel 14 and reaches the water film generating device 5, forming a first water film 17 on the cone surface 13, and the other ... A portion of the cooling water flows out from the lower outlet of the quenching ring 7, forming a second water film 18 on the surface of the downcomer 9; the first water film 17 isolates the high-temperature synthesis gas, ash and the cone surface 13, thereby avoiding high-temperature ablation and reducing ash accumulation; the ash particles falling on the first water film 17 will enter the downcomer 9 along with the first water film 17; the ash is rapidly cooled in the cooling water and leaves from the ash outlet 12 at the bottom of the gasifier, and the synthesis gas enters the water bath 11 for cooling, passes through the riser 10 and leaves the gasifier through the synthesis gas outlet 8.

[0038] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-waste boiler gasification device for reducing ash accumulation and ablation, characterized in that: include: A gasification reaction chamber (1), a rectifying section (2), a radiation heat exchange chamber (4) and a quenching chamber connected in sequence from top to bottom; The gasification reaction chamber (1) is used to obtain synthesis gas and ash after gasifying coal; the rectifying section (2) is used to reduce the speed fluctuation of the synthesis gas and ash to prevent them from hitting the inner wall of the radiation heat exchange chamber (4); the radiation heat exchange chamber (4) comprises a water-cooled wall portion (3) located in the radiation heat exchange chamber (4) and a cooling cone portion located at the lower part of the radiation heat exchange chamber (4); The cooling cone portion comprises a cooling cone (6) and a water film generating device (5), wherein the water film generating device (5) is located at the top of the cooling cone (6), the cooling cone (6) is an inverted cone structure, the cooling cone (6) comprises a cooling water channel (14) and a cone surface (13), the cooling water channel (14) is arranged outside the cone surface (13), the cooling water channel (14) is used to provide cooling water for the water film generating device (5), and the water film generating device (5) is used to form a first water film (17) on the inner surface of the cone surface (13); The quenching chamber comprises a quenching ring (7), a downcomer (9), an upcomer (10), and a water bath (11); the cooling water channel inlet (16) is connected to the quenching ring (7); cooling water flows out from the outlet of the quenching ring (7) to form a second water film (18) on the surface of the downcomer (9); A water film guide plate (15) is provided at the connection between the cooling cone (6) and the quenching ring (7), and the water film guide plate (15) is used to direct the first water film (17) along the water film guide plate (15) into the downcomer (9) to prevent the first water film (17) and the second water film (18) from merging.

2. A semi-waste boiler gasification device for reducing ash accumulation and ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quenching ring (7) is located at the connection between the cooling cone and the down pipe (9); the diameter of the riser (10) is larger than that of the down pipe (9); the riser (10) is provided at the outlet of the down pipe (9); the outlet of the down pipe (9) is submerged in the water bath (11); and the upper end of the riser (10) is higher than the horizontal plane of the water bath (11).

3. A semi-waste boiler gasification device for reducing ash accumulation and ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water film generating device (5) is a nozzle, which is arranged at the outlet of the cooling water channel (14).

4. A semi-waste boiler gasification device for reducing ash accumulation and ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water film generating device (5) comprises a water collecting box (20) and a guide plate (19); a plurality of water outlet holes (21) are provided at the bottom of the water collecting box (20); and the guide plate (19) is provided at the water outlet holes (21).

5. The semi-waste boiler gasification equipment for reducing ash accumulation and ablation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper part of the water film drainage plate (15) is a conical surface (13) connected to the cooling cone (6), and the lower part is a cylindrical surface tangent to the quenching ring (7). The angle between the generatrix of the upper conical surface (13) of the drainage plate and the axial direction is c, and the angle between the generatrix of the conical surface (13) connected to the cooling cone (6) and the axial direction is b. The value of c is equal to b.

6. A method for using the semi-waste boiler gasification equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: After the pulverized coal and the gasifying agent are burned in the gasification reaction chamber (1), synthesis gas and ash are generated. The synthesis gas and ash enter the radiation heat exchange chamber (4) through the rectifying section (2), and enter the cooling cone after heat exchange in the water-cooled wall section (3); cooling water enters the cooling water channel inlet (16), a part of the cooling water enters the cooling water channel (14) and reaches the water film generating device (5), and forms a first water film (17) on the cone surface (13), and the other part of the cooling water flows out from the lower outlet of the quenching ring (7) and flows into the downcomer (9). ) forms a second water film (18) on the surface; the first water film (17) isolates the high-temperature synthesis gas, ash and the conical surface (13), thereby preventing high-temperature ablation and reducing ash accumulation; the ash particles that fall onto the first water film (17) will follow the first water film (17) into the downcomer (9); the ash is rapidly cooled in the cooling water and leaves from the ash outlet (12) at the bottom of the gasifier, and the synthesis gas enters the water bath (11), is cooled, passes through the riser (10), and leaves the gasifier through the synthesis gas outlet (8).

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