An anti-runaway safe driving circuit and a true safe leakage protector

Abstract

The application relates to an anti-losing control safe driving circuit and a true safe anti-leakage protector, which is characterized in that: the safe driving circuit HAKM is used as a core device of the true safe anti-leakage protector, two trigger input ends V i1 , i2 of the core device are connected with two ends of a mutual inductor H secondary n3, a resistance R10 is connected between an e end and a driving end V DL of the secondary n3, an alternating current input end V S2 is connected with a series connection capacitor C9, a resistance R7, a fuse RD and a thermistor PTC, the series connection capacitor C9, the resistance R7, the fuse RD and the thermistor PTC are connected with a load line L2, the alternating current input end V S1 is connected with the load line N2, a relay J coil is connected between the driving end V DT and V DL , and two groups of normally open contacts of the relay J control the primary n1 and n2 of the mutual inductor H and the alternating current power supply of the load. If leakage or self failure occurs, the relay J can reliably disconnect the alternating current power supply. It can be seen that the application can prevent various fault losing controls and ensure that the power utilization is safe.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a shockproof or leakage protection device and its core circuit module, in particular to a drive circuit that can completely prevent failure out of control and leakage protection function failure, and a full safety leakage protection or shockproof protection device, which is referred to as "a safe drive circuit and a full safety leakage protection device". BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, there are many types of leakage protection devices on the market, which can effectively protect and control the leakage of AC electrical appliances or human body electric shock in normal times, but there is still a fatal defect: when the leakage protection device itself has an abnormal failure, its protection function will fail and form a runaway refusal to trip, and it cannot cut off the AC power supply in time when there is a leakage or electric shock, so it cannot protect the life safety of the electric shock person. However, this also conforms to the current national technical standards and international technical standards of the industry. In reality, any mechanical and electrical products will inevitably have abnormal failures, for example: the secondary coil of the zero sequence current transformer in the leakage protection device and the trip coil of the protection switch are the most prone to wire breakage failure, or the open circuit or short circuit failure at some place in the circuit causes runaway failure, or the internal complex of the integrated circuit (such as leakage protection dedicated integrated circuit: 54123) that amplifies the leakage signal has many failure modes and is difficult to see through, and it is also difficult to avoid unexpected functional failure, which leads to the failure to drive the core of the trip coil, and the protection switch cannot be tripped, at this time, the leakage current signal cannot trigger the protection circuit to act and form a runaway, and the power supply cannot be cut off in time, and the leakage protection function is lost. This is a long-neglected technical problem in this field. Therefore, the leakage protection devices that are popular now only have test buttons to check whether the safety protection function is effective, and warn users to regularly check the effectiveness. However, in actual use, users often ignore or forget or are not convenient to check the effectiveness, which hides a large number of false safety leakage protection devices with failed leakage protection function in the power grid, and poses a fatal danger to people. On the contrary, people also mistakenly believe that it is safe and effective. Therefore, the leakage protection devices that are popular now are prone to electric shock accidents when they fail abnormally. It can be seen that solving the technical problem first and then improving the technical standard is not only the urgent need of the public for electricity safety, but also the development opportunity of the industry. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application mainly solves the potential fatal hidden danger of the current popular leakage protector, which often loses control and fails due to its own abnormal failure, cannot cut off the power supply in time, and seriously threatens the safety of life. The purpose of the present application is to provide a "anti-loss control and necessary drive circuit and true safety leakage protector", so that the safety quality standard of the true safety leakage protector reaches an unprecedented high requirement: if any abnormal failure occurs in itself and leakage or electric shock occurs in the controlled load, it can ensure timely and certain effective disconnection of the AC power supply, so that the user can avoid danger; it can completely and truly prevent various failures from losing control and prevent the leakage protection function from failing, completely eliminate the fatal hidden danger, never occur in the false safety state, and perfectly realize the true safety protection control function, which is certain and effective, and truly protects the life safety of the user.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems and achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] Firstly, the present application invents an anti-loss control and necessary drive circuit HAKM as the core device or core circuit module of the true safety leakage protector. The overall technical scheme of the core device HAKM is shown in the attached Figure 1 , which includes the light feedback touch control circuit (6) and the light control bridge drive circuit (8) in the dashed box; the first trigger input end (V i1 ) of the light feedback touch control circuit (6) is used to connect the detection peripheral sensor output signal, the second trigger input end (V i2 ) of the light feedback touch control circuit (6) is used to set the bottom limit in the periphery, the high light control end (V C1 ) and the low light control end (V C2 ) of the light feedback touch control circuit (6) are connected in series with a resistor or a pressure sensitive resistor or a voltage stabilizing device, which is suitable for the first trigger input end (V i1 ) input signal potential higher than 1 / 6 V DT , the high light control end (V C1 ) and the low light control end (V C2 ) of the light feedback touch control circuit (6) are empty, which is suitable for the first trigger input end (V i1 ) input signal potential greater than 200mV, the light (G) emitted by the light feedback touch control circuit (6) irradiates the light sensitive device of the light control bridge drive circuit (8), which is used to control the power on or off of the controlled rectifier bridge in the light control bridge drive circuit (8), and the positive input end of the power supply of the light feedback touch control circuit (6) is connected with the upper push drive output end (V DT ) of the light control bridge drive circuit (8); the lower pull drive output end (V DL ) and the upper push drive output end (V DT) between the two ends of the light-sensitive device in the light control bridge drive circuit (8) is connected to the two ends of the light-sensitive device in the photoelectric feedback touch control circuit (6) to control the operation of the controlled electrical appliance by the external actuator, the first AC power input end (V S1 ) of the light control bridge drive circuit (8) is connected to the low-voltage AC power source through the external AC load line N2, the second AC power input end (V S2 ) of the light control bridge drive circuit (8) is connected to the low-voltage AC power source through the external AC load line L5; or the photoelectric feedback touch control circuit (6) is cancelled, the light control bridge drive circuit (8) is retained, and the light-sensitive device in the light control bridge drive circuit (8) is irradiated by an external light-emitting device; or the two ends of the light-sensitive device in the light control bridge drive circuit (8) are connected by high and low levels output by an external circuit, so that the light control bridge drive circuit (8) is directly controlled by the external circuit to drive the actuator to work. The overall technical scheme of the core device HAKM includes the following four preferred specific practical circuits:

[0006] 1. As a preferred anti-runaway safety drive circuit HAKM, the technical scheme of the specific practical circuit 1 is shown in the accompanying Figure 2 , wherein: the photoelectric feedback touch control circuit (6) includes light-emitting diodes 2LED1 and 2LED2, a voltage stabilizing diode 2WD2, a resistor 2R1, a piezoresistor 2YR1, light-sensitive resistors 2GR1 and 2GR2, and a starting capacitor 2C2; the light control bridge drive circuit (8) includes unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4, diodes 2D1 to 2D6, a voltage stabilizing diode 2WD1, resistors 2R2, 2R3, and 2R5, a piezoresistor 2YR2, a light-sensitive resistor 2GR3, a starting capacitor 2C3, and an electrolytic capacitor 2C1; the anode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK1 and the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK4 in the light control bridge drive circuit (8) are connected to the positive electrode of the diode 2D5 and one end of the piezoresistor 2YR2 as the first AC power input end (V S1 ), the anode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK2 and the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK3 are connected to the positive electrode of the diode 2D6, the other end of the piezoresistor 2YR2, and one end of the resistor 2R5 as the third AC power input end (V S3 ), the other end of the resistor 2R5 is the second AC power input end (V S2 ), and the low-voltage AC power source is input through the external AC load line L5; the two cathodes of the unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 and 2DK2 are connected to the connection point of the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 2WD1 and the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor 2C1 as the push-up drive output end (V DT ) of the light control bridge drive circuit (8); the two anodes of the unidirectional thyristors 2DK3 and 2DK4 are connected to the connection point of the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 2WD1 and the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor 2C1 as the pull-down drive output end (V DL), the control electrode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK1 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode 2D1, the control electrode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK2 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode 2D2, the control electrode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK3 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode 2D3, the control electrode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK4 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode 2D4, the two positive electrodes of the diodes 2D3 and 2D4 are connected to one end of the resistor 2R3, the other end of the resistor 2R3 is connected to one end of the resistor 2R2, one end of the photoresistor 2GR3 and one end of the starting capacitor 2C3, the other end of the resistor 2R2 is connected to the two positive electrodes of the diodes 2D1 and 2D2, the other end of the photoresistor 2GR3 and the other end of the starting capacitor 2C3 are connected to the two negative electrodes of the diodes 2D5 and 2D6; one end of the piezoresistor 2YR1 in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the upper push driving output end (V DT ), the other end of the piezoresistor 2YR1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor 2GR1 and one end of the starting capacitor 2C2, which are externally connected as the high-level photoelectric control end (V C1 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), the other end of the photoresistor 2GR1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor 2GR2, the other end of the photoresistor 2GR2 is connected to the other end of the starting capacitor 2C2 and the two positive electrodes of the light-emitting diodes 2LED1 and 2LED2, which are externally connected as the low-level photoelectric control end (V C2 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode 2LED1 is connected to one end of the resistor 2R1, the other end of the resistor 2R1 is externally connected as the first trigger input end (V i1 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode 2LED2 is connected to the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 2WD2, the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 2WD2 is externally connected as the second trigger input end (V i2 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6); or the piezoresistor 2YR1 is replaced by a voltage stabilizing diode, the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the upper push driving output end (V DT ), the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the high-level photoelectric control end (V C1 ), or a constant resistor or a piezoresistor is connected in parallel across the starting capacitor 2C2.

[0007] 2. As a preferred anti-runaway safety driving circuit HAKM, the specific practical circuit 2 is shown in the following technical scheme: Figure 3, the light-emitting diode 3LED1 and 3LED2, the voltage stabilizing diode 3WD2, the resistor 3R1, the piezoresistor 3YR1, the photoresistor 3GR1 and 3GR2, the starting capacitor 3C2, the light-controlled bridge driving circuit (8) includes the triode 3VT1 to 3VT4 or field effect tube, the diode 3D1 to 3D4, the voltage stabilizing diode 3WD1, the resistor 3R2 and 3R5, the piezoresistor 3YR2, the photoresistor 3GR3, the starting capacitor 3C3, the electrolytic capacitor 3C1; the light-controlled bridge driving circuit (8) in the triode 3VT1 and 3VT4 two emitting electrodes connect the one end of the piezoresistor 3YR2 as the first alternating current power input end (V S1 ), the other end of the piezoresistor 3YR2 and the one end of the resistor 3R5 as the third alternating current power input end (V S3 ), the other end of the resistor 3R5 as the second alternating current power input end (V S2 ), the external alternating current load line L5 inputs low-voltage alternating current power; the two collector electrodes of the triode 3VT1, 3VT2 and the one end of the piezoresistor 3YR1 connect the connection point of the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 3WD1 and the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor 3C1 as the upper push driving output end (V DT ) of the light-controlled bridge driving circuit (8), the two collector electrodes of the triode 3VT3, 3VT4 connect the connection point of the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 3WD1 and the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor 3C1 as the lower pull driving output end (V DL ) of the light-controlled bridge driving circuit (8), the base of the triode 3VT1 connects the positive electrode of the diode 3D1, the base of the triode 3VT2 connects the positive electrode of the diode 3D2, the base of the triode 3VT3 connects the negative electrode of the diode 3D3, the base of the triode 3VT4 connects the negative electrode of the diode 3D4, the two negative electrodes of the diode 3D1 and 3D2 connect the one end of the resistor 3R2, the other end of the resistor 3R2 connects the photoresistor 3GR3 and the starting capacitor 3C3 respectively, the other ends of the photoresistor 3GR3 and the starting capacitor 3C3 connect the positive electrodes of the diode 3D3 and 3D4 respectively; the one end of the piezoresistor 3YR1 in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) connects the upper push driving output end (V DT ), the other end of the piezoresistor 3YR1 connects the photoresistor 3GR1 and the starting capacitor 3C2 respectively as the high-position photoelectric control end (V C1 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), the other end of the photoresistor 3GR1 connects the one end of the photoresistor 3GR2, the other end of the photoresistor 3GR2 connects the other end of the starting capacitor 3C2 and the two positive electrodes of the light-emitting diode 3LED1 and 3LED2 as the low-position photoelectric control end (V C2), the negative electrode of the light emitting diode 3LED1 is connected to one end of the resistor 3R1, the other end of the resistor 3R1 is externally connected as the first trigger input end (V i1 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), the negative electrode of the light emitting diode 3LED2 is connected to the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 3WD2, and the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 3WD2 is externally connected as the second trigger input end (V i2 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6); or the voltage stabilizing diode is used to replace the piezoresistor 3YR1, the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the upper push driving output end (V DT ), the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode is connected to the high position photoelectric control end (V C1 ), or the constant value resistor or the piezoresistor is connected in parallel to the two ends of the starting capacitor 3C2.

[0008] 3. As a preferred one, the specific practical circuit 3 of the anti-runaway safe driving circuit HAKM, the technical scheme is shown in the following table: Figure 4 , in the figure: the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes the light emitting diodes 4LED1 and 4LED2, the voltage stabilizing diode 4WD3, the resistor 4R1, the adjustable resistor 4RT, the photosensitive resistor 4GR1, and the starting capacitor 4C2; the light control bridge type driving circuit (8) includes the diodes 4D1 and 4D2, the voltage stabilizing diode 4WD1, the electrolytic capacitor 4C1, the starting capacitors 4C5 and 4C6, the photosensitive unidirectional thyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2, the resistor 4R5, and the piezoresistor 4YR2; the positive electrode of the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD1 and the negative electrode of the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD2 in the light control bridge type driving circuit (8) are connected to one end of the starting capacitors 4C5 and 4C6 and the piezoresistor 4YR2 as the first alternating current power input end (V S1 ), the positive electrode of the diode 4D1 and the negative electrode of the diode 4D2 are both connected to the other end of the piezoresistor 4YR2 and one end of the resistor 4R5 as the third alternating current power input end (V S3 ), the other end of the resistor 4R5 is as the second alternating current power input end (V S2 ), the external alternating current load line L5 inputs low voltage alternating current power; the negative electrode of the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD1, the negative electrode of the diode 4D1, and the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 4WD1 are all connected to the connection point of the positive electrode of the electrolytic capacitor 4C1 and the other end of the starting capacitor 4C6 as the upper push driving output end (V DT ) of the light control bridge type driving circuit (8); the positive electrode of the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD2, the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode 4WD1, and the positive electrode of the diode 4D2 are all connected to the connection point of the negative electrode of the electrolytic capacitor 4C1 and the other end of the starting capacitor 4C5 as the lower pull driving output end (V DL ) of the light control bridge type driving circuit (8); the first alternating current power input end (V S1Connect the a terminal of the external sensor HGX, and connect the e terminal of the external sensor HGX to the AC load line N2 to input a low-voltage AC power supply; or replace the adjustable resistor 4RT with the external sensor HGX; the negative terminal of the Zener diode 4WD3 in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V DT The positive terminal of Zener diode 4WD3 is connected to the positive terminal of LED 4LED1, the negative terminal of LED 4LED1 is connected to the positive terminal of LED 4LED2, and the negative terminal of LED 4LED2 is connected to one end of photoresistor 4GR1 and one end of starting capacitor 4C2, which serve as the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C1 The other end of the photoresistor 4GR1 is connected to the other end of the starting capacitor 4C2 and one end of the resistor 4R1 to serve as the low-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C2 The other end of resistor 4R1 is connected to one end of adjustable resistor 4RT and serves as the first trigger input (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 One end of the adjustable resistor 4RT is connected to the pull-down drive output terminal (V). DL Alternatively, replace the Zener diode 4WD3 with a varistor, or connect a fixed resistor or a Zener diode in parallel across the starting capacitor 4C2, with the negative terminal of the Zener diode connected to the negative terminal of the LED 4LED2, and the positive terminal of the Zener diode connected to the low-level photoelectric control terminal (V). C2 ).

[0009] 4. As a preferred method for preventing runaway, the specific practical circuit 4 of the HAKM anti-runaway drive circuit is detailed in the appendix. Figure 5 In the figure: the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes light-emitting diodes 5LED1 and 5LED2, Zener diode 5WD2, resistor 5R1, varistor 5YR1, photoresistors 5GR1 and 5GR2, starting capacitor 5C2, and light-emitting diode in optocoupler 5GDH1. The light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) includes diodes 5D1 and 5D2, Zener diode 5WD1, electrolytic capacitor 5C1, starting capacitors 5C5 and 5C6, photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD or photosensitive diode, photosensitive diode or photosensitive unidirectional thyristor in optocoupler 5GDH1, resistor 5R5, and varistor 5YR2. In the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), the positive terminal of diode 5D1 and the negative terminal of diode 5D2 are connected to one end of varistor 5YR2 as the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 The external AC load line N2 inputs a low-voltage AC power supply. The positive terminal of the photodiode in optocoupler 5GDH1 and the negative terminal of the photothyristor 5GD are connected to one end each of the starting capacitors 5C5 and 5C6 and the resistor 5R5, and the other end of the varistor 5YR2, serving as the third AC power input terminal (V). S3), the other end of the resistor 5R5 as a second AC power input terminal (V S2 ), the external AC load line L5 input low-voltage AC power; the light-dependent diode negative in the opto-coupler 5GDH1, diode 5D1 negative and the negative of the voltage regulator diode 5WD1 are connected to the electrolytic capacitor 5C1 positive and the other end of the starting capacitor 5C6 connection point as the light control bridge drive circuit (8) push up drive output terminal (V DT ), the light-dependent diode 5GD positive, diode 5D2 positive, voltage regulator diode 5WD1 positive are connected to the electrolytic capacitor 5C1 negative and the other end of the starting capacitor 5C5 connection point as the light control bridge drive circuit (8) pull-down drive output terminal (V DL ); the one end of the piezoresistor 5YR1 is connected to the push up drive output terminal (V DT ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), the other end of the piezoresistor 5YR1 is connected to the light emitting diode positive in the opto-coupler 5GDH1, the light emitting diode negative in the opto-coupler 5GDH1 is connected to the one end of the light-dependent resistor 5GR1 and the starting capacitor 5C2 as the high light-dependent control terminal (V C1 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) to the outside, the other end of the light-dependent resistor 5GR1 is connected to the one end of the light-dependent resistor 5GR2, the other end of the light-dependent resistor 5GR2 is connected to the other end of the starting capacitor 5C2 and the two positive of the light emitting diode 5LED1 and 5LED2 as the low light-dependent control terminal (V C2 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) to the outside, the negative of the light emitting diode 5LED1 is connected to the one end of the resistor 5R1, the other end of the resistor 5R1 as the first trigger input terminal (V i1 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) to the outside, the negative of the light emitting diode 5LED2 is connected to the negative of the voltage regulator diode 5WD2, the positive of the voltage regulator diode 5WD2 as the second trigger input terminal (V i2 ) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) to the outside; or the piezoresistor 5YR1 is replaced by a voltage regulator, the negative of the voltage regulator is connected to the push up drive output terminal (V DT ), the positive of the voltage regulator is connected to the light emitting diode positive in the opto-coupler 5GDH1, or the two ends of the starting capacitor 5C2 are respectively connected to the fixed resistor or piezoresistor in parallel.

[0010] II. The application of the said kind of anti-runaway safety drive circuit HAKM as a core device or core circuit module, and then invents or designs a true safety leakage protector, the first example of practical circuit is shown in the attached Figure 6, including zero sequence current transformer H, execution circuit, AC power overvoltage protection and voltage reduction circuit, characterized in that: further comprising core device HAKM and sensitivity and bottom setting circuit; The zero sequence current transformer H is composed of primary coil n1 and n2 and secondary coil n3 and its electromagnetic core, The execution circuit includes start button QD and relay J, the relay J is composed of coil sleeve core and two groups of normally open contacts, The AC power overvoltage protection and voltage reduction circuit includes voltage-dependent resistor YR, resistor R6 and R7, positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, fuse RD, voltage reduction capacitor C9, The sensitivity and bottom setting circuit includes capacitor C8 and resistor R8, R9, R10, The core device HAKM is to adopt any one of the specific utility circuit in the description Figure 1 The anti-runaway safety drive circuit HAKM or the utility circuit in the description Figure 2 Any one of the specific utility circuit in the description Figure 5 The circuit connection mode: The primary coil n1 and n2 of the zero sequence current transformer H are parallel-wound and the secondary coil n3 is single-wound on the same electromagnetic core, the primary coil n1 is connected in series between AC load lines L1 and L2, the primary coil n2 is connected in series between AC load lines N1 and N2, the a end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of resistor R8, the e end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to each one end of resistor R9 and resistor R10, the other end of resistor R8 and one end of capacitor C8 are both connected to the first trigger input end (V i1 ) of the core device HAKM, the other end of resistor R9 and the other end of capacitor C8 are both connected to the second trigger input end (V i2 ) of the core device HAKM, the other end of resistor R10 is connected to the pull-down drive output end (V DL ) of the core device HAKM, The first AC power input end (V S1 ) of the core device HAKM is connected to AC load line N2 and one end of voltage-dependent resistor YR, the second AC power input end (V S2 ) of the core device HAKM is connected to the connection point of each one end of voltage reduction capacitor C9 and resistor R6, as an external AC load line L5 input low-voltage AC power supply; The other end of voltage reduction capacitor C9 and resistor R6 are both connected to the other end of voltage-dependent resistor YR and one end of resistor R7, the fuse RD is connected in series between the other end of resistor R7 and one end of positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, the other end of positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC is connected to AC load line L2, The two ends of the inner coil of the relay J are connected in series across the push-up drive output end (V DT ) and the pull-down drive output end (V DLBetween the two sets of normally open contacts in relay J, the stationary contact of one set of normally open contacts is connected to the AC power line L, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line L1. The stationary contact of the other set of normally open contacts in relay J is connected to the AC power line N, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line N1. When the start button QD is pressed manually, the AC power line L and the AC load line L1 are connected, and at the same time, the AC power line N and the AC load line N1 are also connected.

[0011] III. Using the aforementioned runaway-proof drive circuit HAKM as a core component or core circuit module, invent or design a truly safe leakage current protector. See the appendix for a detailed second practical circuit example. Figure 7 The diagram includes a zero-sequence current transformer H1, an execution circuit, and an AC power overvoltage protection and step-down circuit. Its key features include: a core component HAKM and sensitivity and safety setting circuits and their connection methods; the zero-sequence current transformer H1 consists of primary coils n1 and n2, a secondary coil n3, and its electromagnet core; the execution circuit includes a start button QD and a relay J1, which consists of a coil core and two sets of normally open contacts; the AC power overvoltage protection and step-down circuit includes a varistor YR1, resistors R16 and R17, a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, a fuse RD, and a step-down capacitor C19; the sensitivity and safety setting circuit includes a capacitor C18 and resistors R18 and R19; and the core component HAKM is... Figure 1 The aforementioned runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM, or with attachments Figure 2 To be continued Figure 5 Any specific practical circuit; its circuit connection method: the primary coil n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H1 are wound in parallel and the secondary coil n3 is wound alone on the same electromagnet core. The primary coil n1 is connected in series between AC load lines L1 and L2, the primary coil n2 is connected in series between AC load lines N1 and N2, the a end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of resistor R18, the e end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of capacitor C18 and AC load line N2, and the other ends of resistor R18 and capacitor C18 are connected to the first AC power input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. S1 One end of the varistor YR1 and the other end of the varistor YR1 and one end of the resistor R17 are connected to one end of the step-down capacitor C19 and the resistor R16. The connection point of the other end of the step-down capacitor C19 and the resistor R16 serves as the external AC load line L5, which is then connected to the second AC power input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. S2 The input is a low-voltage AC power supply; a fuse RD is connected in series between the other end of resistor R17 and one end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC; the other end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC is connected to the AC load line L2; and one end of resistor R19 is connected to the first trigger input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM.i1 The other end of resistor R19 is connected to the second trigger input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM. i2 ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The two ends of the coil inside the relay J1 are separately connected across the push-drive output terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL Between the two sets of normally open contacts in relay J1, the stationary contact of one set of normally open contacts is connected to the AC power line L, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line L1. The stationary contact of the other set of normally open contacts in relay J1 is connected to the AC power line N, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line N1. When the start button QD is pressed manually, the AC power line L and the AC load line L1 are connected, and at the same time, the AC power line N and the AC load line N1 are also connected.

[0012] The basic working principles of the four specific practical circuits of the runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM in this invention are largely the same, as detailed in the "Specific Implementation Methods" section.

[0013] The first practical circuit of the true safety leakage current protection device in this invention (see appendix for details) Figure 6 The working principle is as follows:

[0014] 1. Starting Working Principle: After pressing the start button QD, the two normally open contacts of relay J connect the AC power from the power grid on AC power lines L and N to AC load lines L1 and N1. The AC power is then transmitted through the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H to AC load lines L2 and N2. The AC power on load line L2 is stepped down by the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, fuse RD, resistor R7, and step-down capacitor C9, and then input to the second AC power input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM via AC load line L5. S2 The AC power supply on the AC load line N2 is directly input to the first AC power input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. S1 The varistor YR, connected across the AC load line N2 and the step-down capacitor C9 on the power supply side, helps absorb interference pulses from the AC power transmission network and also provides overvoltage protection. The core component HAKM, after receiving AC power, pushes the drive output terminal (V...) DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The coil of relay J connected between the two terminals receives a continuous output driving voltage source and is energized. The two normally open contacts of relay J then continuously connect the AC load lines L1 and N1 to the AC power source from the mains, so that the AC load lines L2 and N2 continuously become the two AC input terminals (V) of the core device HAKM. S1 V S2When the input AC power is stepped down, the entire circuit of the leakage current protection device is self-locked into a standby state for normal power-on operation, so as to stably supply AC power from the power grid to the controlled load or electrical appliance.

[0015] 2. Normal power transmission principle: In standby mode, if the controlled AC load is operating normally and there is no leakage or electric shock, the AC currents in the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The magnetic flux induced in the iron core of the zero-sequence current transformer H cancels out to zero. Therefore, no AC current or voltage signal is generated at the two ends of the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H. At this time, the first trigger input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM... i1 The light-emitting current of the internal touch circuit is connected through resistor R8, secondary coil n3, and resistor R10, and the second trigger input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM is activated. i2 When the light-emitting current of the internal backup circuit is connected through resistors R9 and R10, and the light-emitting current of the touch circuit inside the core component HAKM is balanced with that of the backup circuit, light (G) can be emitted to control the light-controlled rectifier bridge inside the core component HAKM to continuously rectify and output a driving voltage source, energizing the coil of the external relay J and closing its two pairs of normally open contacts, locking it in the power transmission standby state. It is evident that the standby state of the core component HAKM is inseparable from the necessary external condition of the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H and resistors R8, R9, and R10 providing the light-emitting current for the light-emitting diode inside the core component HAKM.

[0016] 3. Leakage Protection Principle: If the controlled AC load experiences leakage or electric shock, a residual current (through unbalanced AC current) is generated in the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H. This residual current induces a magnetic flux within the core of the zero-sequence current transformer H, causing an induced AC current or voltage signal to be generated across the secondary coil n3. When this induced AC current or voltage signal is positive at terminal a of the secondary coil n3, it charges capacitor C8 through resistor R8, triggering the first trigger input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. i1 The potential increases, V i1 When the potential rises to a certain level, it will trigger the photoelectric feedback inside the core component HAKM, causing it to self-lock and stop emitting light. This controls the internal photo-controlled rectifier bridge to stop rectification, the driving voltage source disappears, and the external relay J coil is de-energized and released. Its two pairs of normally open contacts will definitely cut off the AC power supply and always maintain the de-energized state. It is impossible to restore power without human intervention. Therefore, leakage or electric shock is properly protected, allowing users to avoid danger and ensuring the safety of their lives.

[0017] 4. Principle of preventing runaway control: The relay J is energized by the rectification and output drive voltage of the internal light-controlled rectifier bridge of the core component HAKM. The drive voltage is maintained by the internal light control of the core component HAKM. The internal light control is maintained by the unobstructed light current path inside and outside the core component HAKM. Therefore, if any maintenance process or any link is blocked or interrupted, the result will be that the relay J is released and de-energized. This is the unique principle and method of the present invention to prevent various faults from causing runaway control failure and to ensure that the safety protection and control functions are effective.

[0018] 5. Safety Protection Principle: Based on the principle of preventing runaway, it can be predicted that if the two input terminals (V) of the core device HAKM are connected... i1 V i2 If any of the resistors R8, R9, R10, or the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H becomes open-circuited, it will cause the core component HAKM to lose its internal light sustaining function, ultimately leading to the relay J de-energizing and protecting the device. If either of the two input terminals (V...) of the core component HAKM becomes open-circuited... i1 V i2 If a short circuit occurs at either the terminals of capacitor C8 or the terminals of the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H, it will cause an imbalance in the internal backup light emission of the core component HAKM, triggering photoelectric feedback self-locking and preventing the light emission from being maintained. Ultimately, this will cause the relay J to cut off power for safety. If the two AC input terminals (V) of the core component HAKM are short-circuited, it will trigger an imbalance in the internal backup light emission of the core component HAKM, triggering photoelectric feedback self-locking and preventing the light emission from being maintained. Ultimately, this will trigger the relay J to cut off power for safety. S1 V S2 Between ) and the push-drive output terminal (V DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL If a short circuit occurs between any of the following components, or if an open circuit occurs at any point, relay J will inevitably be de-energized for safety. If an open circuit occurs at any of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, fuse RD, resistor R7, or step-down capacitor C9, relay J will also be de-energized for safety. If an open circuit occurs at varistor YR or resistor R6, it will not cause a power outage but will not result in runaway failure. If a short circuit occurs at varistor YR, step-down capacitor C9 will inevitably lose voltage and de-energize for safety. If a short circuit occurs at resistor R6 and step-down capacitor C9, the overvoltage protection within the core component HAKM will inevitably cause a power outage, ensuring safety.

[0019] 6. Overheat protection principle: If a short circuit occurs in the overvoltage or step-down circuit, the fuse RD will overheat and blow due to the large current. Figure 6 The technical solution also includes short-circuit protection. If the contact resistance of the terminals, pins, or sockets on the AC power supply side and / or AC load side is too high, excessive heat will be generated when a large current flows, causing the temperature rise to be too rapid and too high. This will cause the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC5 to increase sharply to its equivalent insulation resistance, blocking the AC power supply to the step-down circuit and causing the two AC input terminals (V) of the core component HAKM to short-circuit.S1 V S2 When AC power is lost, relay J is forced to disconnect the AC power supply on AC load lines L2 and N2. Figure 6 The technical solution also has a self-overheat protection function to avoid the risk of fire caused by thermal control failure.

[0020] visible, Figure 6 Because the technical solution uses the runaway-proof HAKM drive circuit as its core component, it not only provides safety protection against leakage current or electric shock to the controlled load during normal operation, but also completely prevents itself from going out of control in the event of various abnormal faults or overheating. This ensures the effectiveness of the safety protection control function, forcing the relay to effectively cut off the AC power supply to the controlled load, preventing danger to the user and ensuring their safety. Therefore, Figure 6 The technical solution is a truly safe leakage current protection device.

[0021] The second practical circuit of the true safety leakage current protector in this invention (see appendix for details) Figure 7 The circuit working principle of the circuit is very similar to that of the first practical circuit of the Zhenanfang leakage current protection device. For details, please refer to the specific description in "Specific Implementation".

[0022] Therefore, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] Because this invention uses a runaway-proof, guaranteed-safe drive circuit (HAKM) as the core component of a truly safe leakage current protector, it not only provides safety protection and control against leakage current or electric shock from the controlled load during normal operation, but also completely and reliably prevents itself from going out of control due to various abnormal faults or overheating. This ensures the effectiveness of the safety protection control function, forcing the relay to effectively cut off the AC power supply to the controlled load, allowing the user to avoid danger and ensuring the safety of the user's life. Therefore, this invention is a runaway-proof, guaranteed-safe drive circuit and a truly safe leakage current protector.

[0024] The present invention employs a transparent, simple, and ingenious photoelectric feedback self-locking touch circuit using photoelectric devices to detect leakage signals and a light-controlled rectifier bridge drive circuit to drive the relay. Its unique principle relies on the smooth flow of photoelectric signals to maintain power, while using leakage signals to block the photoelectric flow for power-off protection. This is perfectly suited to the photoelectric touch drive circuit system, where any abnormal open or short circuit faults also result in power-off due to blocked photoelectric flow. Therefore, a single-stage photoelectric control drive system can completely prevent various faults and malfunctions, thoroughly solving the problem. Thus, it can be clearly foreseen that this invention will achieve extremely high safety standards, completely and realistically preventing various faults and malfunctions, preventing leakage protection failure, completely eliminating fatal hazards, and ensuring no false safety conditions occur. It perfectly realizes the effective safety protection and control functions, truly ensuring the safety of electricity users. The extremely high safety effect of this invention has significant life-saving value and social benefits, and can also promote the upgrading of national technical standards in this field, surpassing international standards. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall technical solution of the runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM in this invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a specific practical circuit of the runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM in this invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a specific practical circuit of the runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM in this invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the specific practical circuit of the runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM in this invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the specific practical circuit of the runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM in this invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is the first circuit diagram of a true safety leakage current protector invented using the core component HAKM.

[0031] Figure 7 This is the second example of a circuit diagram for a true safety leakage current protector that utilizes the core component HAKM. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] I. Regarding the appendix Figure 1 Detailed description of the technical solution used:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall technical solution of the runaway prevention safety drive circuit HAKM in this invention. The HAKM inside the dashed box in the figure is the mark of the runaway prevention safety drive circuit. The runaway prevention safety drive circuit HAKM is a dedicated core device or core circuit module designed for a true safety leakage current protection device. Figure 1 The circuit includes a photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) and a light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) within the dashed box; the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) i1 ) is used to connect to the output signal of the external sensor, and the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is used to connect to the external sensor output signal. i2 ) is used to set a bottom limit on the periphery, and the high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is used to set a bottom limit on the periphery. C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When a resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected in series between the terminals, it is suitable for the first trigger input terminal (V). i1 The input signal potential is higher than 1 / 6V. DT The high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When idle, it is applicable to the first trigger input terminal (V) i1 When the input signal potential is greater than 200mV, the light (G) emitted by the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) illuminates the photosensitive device of the photoelectric bridge drive circuit (8), which is used to control the power supply or de-energization of the controlled rectifier bridge in the photoelectric bridge drive circuit (8). The positive input terminal of the power supply of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the photoelectric bridge drive circuit (8). DT The pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) is described. DL ) and push-up drive output (V DT An external actuator can be connected between the two to control the operation of the controlled electrical appliance. The first AC power input terminal (V) of the optical control bridge drive circuit (8) S1 The external AC load line N2 inputs a low-voltage AC power supply, and the second AC power input terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) is connected to the low-voltage AC power supply. S2 Connect the external AC load line L5 to input a low-voltage AC power supply; or cancel the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), retain the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), and use an external light-emitting device to illuminate the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8); or use the high and low levels output by the external circuit to connect the two ends of the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), so that the external circuit can directly control the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) to drive the actuator to work.

[0035] Appendix Figure 1Basic working principle: At the first AC power input terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) S1 ) and second AC power input terminal (V S2 The low-voltage AC power supply is input between the two points, and after being rectified and filtered by the rectifier bridge rectifier in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) with the light-controlled start-up capacitor, the voltage is pushed up to the drive output terminal (V). DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The DC drive voltage is output between the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) and the positive input terminal of the power supply is driven from the upward drive output terminal (V) of the photoelectric bridge drive circuit (8). DT After receiving DC power, the photoelectric feedback circuit in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is activated, emitting light (G) to control the photosensitive device in the photoelectric bridge drive circuit (8) to turn on and lock the rectifier bridge to continuously rectify, so that the output terminal (V) is pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The power source continuously outputs power to drive the external execution circuit (such as a relay) to work normally; at the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 The pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) and the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) DL The external sensor connected between the two continuously activates the light-emitting current of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) within the photoelectric feedback touch circuit; at the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) i2 The pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) and the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) DL The external limit setting circuit between the two circuits continuously connects the light-emitting current of the photoelectric feedback limit circuit in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6); when the light-emitting current of the touch circuit and the light-emitting current of the limit circuit are balanced, the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) can continuously emit light (G) to the photosensitive device in the photo-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), controlling the photosensitive device in the photo-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) to turn on and lock the rectifier bridge to continuously rectify. At this time, if the first trigger input terminal (V i1 ) or the second trigger input (V i2 If a relatively weak trigger signal is input, it will disrupt the balance of the light-emitting current between the two, causing the internal photoelectric series feedback self-locking to occur. The photosensitive device blocks the light-emitting current, preventing the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) from emitting light. As a result, the photosensitive device in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) immediately turns off the rectified current of the rectifier bridge, causing the drive output terminal (V) to be pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL If the DC drive voltage between the first trigger input (V) disappears, the external actuator circuit (such as a relay) is forced to stop working. i1 The input signal amplitude is very strong (exceeding V). DT(1 / 2), the photoelectric control bridge drive circuit (8) can be controlled without the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) using the photoelectric series feedback self-locking triggering method. Instead, a direct control method is adopted, with the photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) at the high position. C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 A resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected in series between the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) to allow the light-emitting device inside the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) to emit light directly, thereby controlling the photosensitive device inside the photoelectric control bridge drive circuit (8) to turn on and lock the rectifier bridge for continuous rectification. Alternatively, the high and low levels output by an external circuit can be connected to the two ends of the photosensitive device inside the photoelectric control bridge drive circuit (8), so that the external circuit can directly control the photoelectric control bridge drive circuit (8) to drive the actuator to work.

[0036] II. Regarding the appendix Figure 2 Detailed description of the technical solution used:

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a specific practical circuit 1 of the anti-runaway drive circuit HAKM in this invention. In the diagram: the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes light-emitting diodes 2LED1 and 2LED2, Zener diode 2WD2, resistor 2R1, varistor 2YR1, photoresistors 2GR1 and 2GR2, and starting capacitor 2C2; the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) includes unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4, diodes 2D1 to 2D6, Zener diode 2WD1, resistors 2R2, 2R3 and 2R5, varistor 2YR2, photoresistor 2GR3, starting capacitor 2C3, and electrolytic capacitor 2C1; in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), the anode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK1 and the cathode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK4 are connected to the positive terminal of diode 2D5 and one end of varistor 2YR2 as the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 The external AC load line N2 inputs a low-voltage AC power supply. The anode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK2 and the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor 2DK3 are connected to the positive terminal of the diode 2D6, the other end of the varistor 2YR2, and one end of the resistor 2R5 as the third AC power input terminal (V). S3 The other end of resistor 2R5 serves as the second AC power input terminal (V). S2 ), connect the external AC load line L5 to input low-voltage AC power; the two cathodes of the unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 and 2DK2 are connected to the connection point of the negative terminal of the Zener diode 2WD1 and the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor 2C1 as the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT The connection point between the two anodes of the unidirectional thyristors 2DK3 and 2DK4 and the positive terminal of the Zener diode 2WD1 and the negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor 2C1 serves as the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DLThe control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK1 is connected to the negative electrode of diode 2D1, the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK2 is connected to the negative electrode of diode 2D2, the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK3 is connected to the negative electrode of diode 2D3, the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK4 is connected to the negative electrode of diode 2D4, the two positive electrodes of diodes 2D3 and 2D4 are connected to one end of resistor 2R3, the other end of resistor 2R3 is connected to one end of resistor 2R2, photoresistor 2GR3 and starting capacitor 2C3, the other end of resistor 2R2 is connected to the two positive electrodes of diodes 2D1 and 2D2, the other end of photoresistor 2GR3 and the other end of starting capacitor 2C3 are connected to the two negative electrodes of diodes 2D5 and 2D6; one end of the pressure-sensitive resistor 2YR1 in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V DT The other end of the varistor 2YR1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor 2GR1 and the starting capacitor 2C2, respectively, to serve as the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C1 The other end of photoresistor 2GR1 is connected to one end of photoresistor 2GR2, and the other end of photoresistor 2GR2 is connected to the other end of starting capacitor 2C2 and the two positive terminals of light-emitting diodes 2LED1 and 2LED2, which serve as the low-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C2 The negative terminal of LED 2LED1 is connected to one end of resistor 2R1, and the other end of resistor 2R1 serves as the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 The negative terminal of LED2 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode 2WD2, and the positive terminal of Zener diode 2WD2 serves as the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i2 Alternatively, replace the varistor 2YR1 with a Zener diode, connecting the negative terminal of the Zener diode to the push-up drive output terminal (V). DT The positive terminal of the Zener diode is connected to the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V). C1 Alternatively, a fixed resistor or a varistor can be connected in parallel across the two ends of the starting capacitor 2C2;

[0038] Alternatively, all electronic components included in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) can be removed, and only all electronic components included in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) and their circuit connection methods can be kept unchanged. The two ends of the photoresistor 2GR3 or the starting capacitor 2C3 can be used as input terminals to connect to the two control output terminals of the external circuit, and the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) can be directly controlled to drive the actuator to work.

[0039] Appendix Figure 2 The circuit works as follows:

[0040] 1. Normal working principle: At the first AC power input terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) S1) and second AC power input terminal (V S2 A low-voltage AC power supply is input between the first AC power input terminal (V) and the second AC power input terminal (V). S1 When the AC power supply is in the positive half-cycle, the AC voltage passes through diode 2D5 and starting capacitor 2C3, then through resistor 2R2 and diode 2D1 to trigger the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK1, and through resistor 2R3 and diode 2D3 to trigger the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK3, causing both unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 and 2DK3 to conduct, while unidirectional thyristors 2DK2 and 2DK4 are cut off due to reverse voltage; when the second AC power input terminal (V S2 When the AC power supply is in its positive half-cycle, the AC voltage passes through resistor 2R5, diode 2D6, and starting capacitor 2C3. Then, one path triggers the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK2 via resistor 2R2 and diode 2D2, while the other path triggers the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK4 via resistor 2R3 and diode 2D4. This causes both unidirectional thyristors 2DK2 and 2DK4 to conduct, while unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 and 2DK3 are cut off due to reverse voltage. The conduction or cutoff of unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 and 2DK3, and the cutoff or conduction of unidirectional thyristors 2DK2 and 2DK4, alternate with the positive and negative half-cycles of the AC power supply. This is equivalent to a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes rectifying the AC power supply. Therefore, at the drive output terminal (V... DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A DC voltage is established between the two terminals. After filtering by electrolytic capacitor 2C1 and stabilizing by Zener diode 2WD1, it can smoothly drive the external actuator circuit (such as a relay) to normal operation. At this time, the varistor 2YR1 also draws voltage from the positive terminal (V) of electrolytic capacitor 2C1. DT When powered on, the starting capacitor 2C2 first powers the two positive terminals of LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2. After LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 emit light, the impedance of the photoresistors 2GR1 and 2GR2 changes from very high to very low, allowing LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 to continue to emit light. To maintain the low impedance of photoresistors 2GR1 and 2GR2 and continue to power LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2, LED 2LED1 can continue to emit light. The ability of LED 2LED1 to continuously emit light also depends on the first trigger input terminal (V). i1 ) for the pull-down drive output terminal (V DL The external sensor connected between the two diodes continuously supplies light-emitting current; to ensure that LED2 can continuously emit light, the second trigger input (V) is required. i2 ) for the pull-down drive output terminal (V DLThe external limit setting circuit between the LEDs continuously provides the light-emitting current; keeping LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 simultaneously and in a balanced manner ensures that LED1 continuously emits light to the photoresistor 2GR3. With the photoresistor 2GR3 continuously illuminated, it maintains low impedance, allowing the simultaneous conduction of either unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 or 2DK3, or unidirectional thyristors 2DK2 and 2DK4, continuously providing the trigger current. This allows the unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 to function as a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes, continuously rectifying the AC power supply, thus driving the output terminal (V... DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous power source drives an external actuator circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. At this time, if the external sensor receives a relatively weak trigger signal input to the first trigger input terminal (V... i1 This will weaken the current of LED1, causing a decrease in light emission. This increased impedance of photoresistor 2GR1 further weakens the current and light emission of LED1, leading to even greater impedance of photoresistor 2GR1. This photoelectric series feedback also causes LED2 and photoresistor 2GR2 to experience the same photoelectric series feedback, resulting in LED1 and LED2 not emitting light. Photoresistor 2GR3, deprived of light, blocks the trigger current, controlling the unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 to be completely cut off, thus pushing the drive output terminal (V... DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL If the DC drive voltage between the two terminals disappears, the external actuator circuit (such as a relay) is forced to stop working. If the second trigger input (V) i2 If the external safety limit setting circuit is short-circuited or open-circuited, it will also trigger the LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 to generate a photoelectric series feedback effect between the photoresistors 2GR1 and 2GR2. The result is related to triggering the first trigger input terminal (V i1 The same effect is achieved if the external circuit affects the first trigger input terminal (V). i1 The input signal amplitude is very strong (exceeding V). DT (1 / 2), which can eliminate the photoelectric feedback touch function and adopt a direct control method, at the high-level photoelectric control end (V C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 An external resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected between the LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 to allow them to emit light directly (unaffected by photoresistors 2GR1 and 2GR2). This ensures that photoresistor 2GR3 receives continuous and stable illumination, continuously supplying trigger current. This allows the unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 to function as a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes, continuously rectifying the AC power supply. This allows the output terminal (V) to be pushed upwards.DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous power source can be used to drive an external execution circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. Alternatively, the two ends of the photoresistor 2GR3 or the starting capacitor 2C3 can be connected as input terminals to the two control output terminals of an external circuit, directly controlling the trigger current. This allows the rectifier bridge composed of four diodes (equivalent to unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4) to continuously rectify the AC power supply, thus driving the output terminal (V... DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous output power source drives an external execution circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. When the input low-voltage AC power supply voltage is too high, the varistor 2YR2 presents a low impedance, causing the voltage across it to drop very low. Simultaneously, this pulls the voltage across the electrolytic capacitor 2C1 very low, causing the drive output terminal (V) to be pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The external actuator circuit (such as a relay) stops working when it loses its normal drive voltage.

[0041] 2. Principle for preventing loss of control:

[0042] (1) If any one of the four unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 that make up the rectifier bridge, or two of the same group (diagonally opposite), is open, half of the rectified current will be lost, which will increase the trigger sensitivity; if two, three or four unidirectional thyristors with different resistances (on the same side) are all open, the entire rectified current will be cut off, causing the external execution circuit (such as a relay) to completely lose its driving voltage and stop working. Therefore, it will not lead to failure or loss of control.

[0043] (2) If any one of the four unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 that make up the rectifier bridge, or two of them in the same group (diagonally opposite), is short-circuited, half of the rectified current will be lost, which will increase the trigger sensitivity. If two, three, or four unidirectional thyristors with different resistances (on the same side) are short-circuited, it is equivalent to short-circuiting the two AC terminals of the rectifier bridge (that is, the two ends of the varistor 2YR2), which will cause the rectifier bridge to completely lose AC power, and the two ends of capacitor 2C1 will not be able to establish a driving voltage. If the two ends of capacitor 2C1 or Zener diode 2WD1 are short-circuited, the driving voltage will also disappear. Therefore, it will not lead to failure or loss of control.

[0044] (3) If a short circuit occurs across photoresistor 2GR3 or starting capacitor 2C3, the voltage drop across resistors 2R2 and 2R3 will be small due to their low resistance and low voltage drop, resulting in a small trigger voltage for the unidirectional thyristors. This will cause the voltage across capacitor 2C1 to drop too much, causing the external relay to release and stop working. If photoresistor 2GR3 is open-circuited, all four unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 will not receive trigger current and will be cut off, disconnecting the rectifier current. This will cause capacitor 2C1 to completely lose its driving voltage. As for resistor 2R5, since it is a wire-wound resistor with a relatively large distance between its two ends, there is no chance of a short circuit, only a chance of an open circuit. If resistor 2R5 is open-circuited, it will only disconnect the AC power supply. Therefore, it will not cause a fault or loss of control.

[0045] (4) If any part of the light-emitting current path consisting of varistor 2YR1, photoresistors 2GR1 and 2GR2, LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2, Zener diode 2WD2, resistor 2R1, external sensor, and external limit setting circuit becomes open, LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 will not light up. If LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 are short-circuited, they will also not light up. In both cases, photoresistor 2GR3 will present high impedance, blocking the trigger current. This will cause all four unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 to be cut off, disconnecting the rectified current and causing capacitor 2C1 to completely lose its driving voltage. Therefore, it will not lead to failure or loss of control.

[0046] (5) If a short circuit occurs across the varistor 2YR1, the trigger sensitivity will be slightly reduced. If a short circuit occurs across the starting capacitor 2C2, and the positive terminals of LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 are connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V... DT A short circuit will cause the positive voltage of capacitor 2C1 to rise or push up the output terminal (V). DT If the voltage drops too much, the external relay will release and stop working. Therefore, it will not cause a malfunction or loss of control.

[0047] (6) If the external sensor, external limit setting circuit, or Zener diode 2WD2 is short-circuited, or the first trigger input terminal (V i1 ) and the second trigger input (V i2 A short circuit will cause a severe imbalance in the light emission of LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2, and will also trigger a photoelectric series feedback between LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 and photoresistors 2GR1 and 2GR2. As a result, LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 will not emit light, causing photoresistor 2GR3 to control all unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 to cut off the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a fault or loss of control.

[0048] (7) If the first trigger input (V) i1) and the second trigger input (V i2 ) and the push-up drive output terminal (V DT If a short circuit occurs at the positive terminal of capacitor 2C1, LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 will not light up, causing photoresistor 2GR3 to control all unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 to cut off the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0049] (8) If the first trigger input (V) i1 ) or the second trigger input (V i2 ) and AC power input terminal (V S1 ) or AC power input terminal (V S2 A short circuit occurs, preventing LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 from emitting light. This causes photoresistor 2GR3 to control all unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 to cut off the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0050] (9) If the first trigger input (V) i1 ) and / or the second trigger input (V i2 ) and the two ends of the starting capacitor 2C2 (V C1 V C2 A short circuit occurs, preventing LEDs 2LED1 and 2LED2 from emitting light. This causes photoresistor 2GR3 to control all unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4 to cut off the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0051] visible, Figure 2 The technical solution, with its unique photoelectric series feedback self-locking touch control and backup control functions, as well as the optically controlled rectifier bridge drive function, not only allows the low-weak signals from external sensors to trigger, control, and drive external actuators during normal operation, but also completely and reliably prevents various faults from causing uncontrolled operation. It ensures the effectiveness of safety protection control functions and is highly suitable for leakage or electric shock protection control. In the event of leakage or a fault, it can effectively cut off the AC power supply to the controlled load, preventing danger to the user and ensuring their safety. Therefore, Figure 2 The technical solution is a runaway-proof drive circuit, which is the preferred core component of a true safety leakage current protector.

[0052] III. Regarding the appendix Figure 3 Detailed description of the technical solution used:

[0053] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a specific practical circuit 2 of the anti-runaway drive circuit HAKM in this invention. In the diagram: the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes light-emitting diodes 3LED1 and 3LED2, Zener diode 3WD2, resistor 3R1, varistor 3YR1, photoresistor 3GR1 and 3GR2, and starting capacitor 3C2; the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) includes transistors 3VT1 to 3VT4 or field-effect transistors, diodes 3D1 to 3D4, Zener diode 3WD1, resistors 3R2 and 3R5, varistor 3YR2, photoresistor 3GR3, starting capacitor 3C3, and electrolytic capacitor 3C1; in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), the two emitters of transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 are connected to one end of varistor 3YR2 as the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 The external AC load line N2 is connected to input a low-voltage AC power supply. The emitters of transistors 3VT2 and 3VT3 are connected to the other end of varistor 3YR2 and one end of resistor 3R5 as the third AC power input terminal (V). S3 The other end of resistor 3R5 serves as the second AC power input terminal (V). S2 ), connect the external AC load line L5 to input low-voltage AC power; connect the collectors of transistors 3VT1 and 3VT2 and one end of varistor 3YR1 to the connection point of the negative terminal of Zener diode 3WD1 and the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor 3C1 as the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT The connection point between the collectors of transistors 3VT3 and 3VT4 and the positive terminal of Zener diode 3WD1 and the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor 3C1 serves as the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DL The base of transistor 3VT1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode 3D1, the base of transistor 3VT2 is connected to the positive terminal of diode 3D2, the base of transistor 3VT3 is connected to the negative terminal of diode 3D3, and the base of transistor 3VT4 is connected to the negative terminal of diode 3D4. The two negative terminals of diodes 3D1 and 3D2 are connected to one end of resistor 3R2, and the other end of resistor 3R2 is connected to one end of photoresistor 3GR3 and starting capacitor 3C3. The other ends of photoresistor 3GR3 and starting capacitor 3C3 are connected to the two positive terminals of diodes 3D3 and 3D4. One end of the pressure-sensitive resistor 3YR1 in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V). DT The other end of the varistor 3YR1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor 3GR1 and the starting capacitor 3C2, respectively, to serve as the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C1 The other end of photoresistor 3GR1 is connected to one end of photoresistor 3GR2, and the other end of photoresistor 3GR2 is connected to the other end of starting capacitor 3C2 and the two positive terminals of light-emitting diodes 3LED1 and 3LED2, which serve as the low-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6).C2 The negative terminal of LED 3LED1 is connected to one end of resistor 3R1, and the other end of resistor 3R1 serves as the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 The negative terminal of LED 3LED2 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode 3WD2, and the positive terminal of Zener diode 3WD2 serves as the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i2 Alternatively, replace the varistor 3YR1 with a Zener diode, connecting the negative terminal of the Zener diode to the push-up drive output terminal (V). DT The positive terminal of the Zener diode is connected to the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V). C1 Alternatively, a fixed resistor or a varistor can be connected in parallel across the two ends of the starting capacitor 3C2;

[0054] Alternatively, all electronic components included in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) can be removed, and only all electronic components included in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) and their circuit connection methods can be kept unchanged. The two ends of the photoresistor 3GR3 or the starting capacitor 3C3 can be used as input terminals to connect to the two control output terminals of the external circuit, and directly control the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) to drive the actuator to work.

[0055] Appendix Figure 3 The circuit works as follows:

[0056] 1. Normal working principle: At the first AC power input terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) S1 ) and second AC power input terminal (V S2 A low-voltage AC power supply is input between the first AC power input terminal (V) and the second AC power input terminal (V). S1 During the positive half-cycle of the AC power supply, the AC current flows from the emitter of transistor 3VT1 to the cathode of diode 3D1, through resistor 3R2 and starting capacitor 3C3, then from the anode of diode 3D3 back to the emitter of transistor 3VT3, and finally returns to the second AC power input terminal (V) through resistor 3R5. S2 This turns on transistors 3VT1 and 3VT3, while transistors 3VT2 and 3VT4 are cut off due to reverse voltage; when the second AC power input terminal (V S2 When the AC power supply is in its positive half-cycle, the AC current first passes through resistor 3R5 from the emitter of transistor 3VT2 to the cathode of diode 3D2, then through resistor 3R2 and starting capacitor 3C3, and finally from the anode of diode 3D4 back to the emitter of transistor 3VT4, returning to the first AC power input terminal (V). S1This causes transistors 3VT2 and 3VT4 to conduct, while transistors 3VT1 and 3VT3 are cut off due to reverse voltage. The conduction or cutoff of transistors 3VT1 and 3VT3, and the cutoff or conduction of transistors 3VT2 and 3VT4, alternate with the positive and negative half-cycles of the AC power supply. This is equivalent to a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes rectifying the AC power supply. Therefore, at the push-drive output terminal (V... DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A DC voltage is established between the two terminals. After filtering by electrolytic capacitor 3C1 and stabilizing by Zener diode 3WD1, it can smoothly drive the external actuator circuit (such as a relay) to work normally. At this time, the varistor 3YR1 also draws voltage from the positive terminal (V) of electrolytic capacitor 3C1. DT When powered on, the starting capacitor 3C2 first powers the two positive terminals of LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2. After LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 light up, the impedance of the photoresistors 3GR1 and 3GR2 decreases, allowing LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 to continue to light up. To maintain a low impedance in the photoresistors 3GR1 and 3GR2, LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 are continuously powered up and lit. For LED 3LED1 to continue lighting up, the first trigger input terminal (V) is also required. i1 ) for the pull-down drive output terminal (V DL The external sensor connected between the two circuits continuously supplies light-emitting current; to ensure that LED2 (3LED2) can continuously emit light, the second trigger input (V) is also required. i2 ) for the pull-down drive output terminal (V DL The external limit setting circuit between the LEDs continuously supplies the light-emitting current; keeping LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 simultaneously and in a balanced manner ensures that LED 3LED1 continuously emits light to the photoresistor 3GR3. The photoresistor 3GR3, continuously illuminated, maintains low impedance, allowing transistors 3VT1 and 3VT3 to conduct simultaneously, or transistors 3VT2 and 3VT4 to conduct simultaneously, continuously supplying the base current. This allows transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 to function as a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes, continuously rectifying the AC power supply, thus driving the output terminal (V... DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous power source drives an external actuator circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. At this time, if the external sensor receives a relatively weak trigger signal input to the first trigger input terminal (V... i1This will weaken the current of LED 3LED1, causing a decrease in light emission. This increase in the impedance of photoresistor 3GR1 further weakens the current and light emission of LED 3LED1, leading to an even greater impedance of photoresistor 3GR1. This photoelectric series feedback also causes LED 3LED2 and photoresistor 3GR2 to experience the same photoelectric series feedback, resulting in LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 not emitting light. Photoresistor 3GR3, deprived of light, blocks the base current of transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4, effectively cutting off transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 and causing the output terminal (V) to be pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL If the DC drive voltage between the two terminals disappears, the external actuator circuit (such as a relay) is forced to stop working. If the second trigger input (V) i2 If the external safety limit setting circuit is short-circuited or open-circuited, it will also trigger the photoelectric series feedback between LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 and photoresistors 3GR1 and 3GR2. The result is related to triggering the first trigger input terminal (V i1 The same effect is achieved if the external circuit affects the first trigger input terminal (V). i1 The input signal amplitude is very strong (exceeding V). DT (1 / 2), which can eliminate the photoelectric feedback touch function and adopt a direct control method, at the high-level photoelectric control end (V C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 An external resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected between the LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 to allow them to emit light directly (unaffected by photoresistors 3GR1 and 3GR2), ensuring that photoresistor 3GR3 receives continuous and stable illumination, thus continuously supplying the base current to the transistor. This allows transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 to function as a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes, continuously rectifying the AC power supply, and driving the output terminal (V) upwards. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous power source can be used to drive an external execution circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. Alternatively, the two ends of the photoresistor 3GR3 or the starting capacitor 3C3 can be connected as input terminals to the two control output terminals of an external circuit, directly controlling the base current of the transistors. This allows the rectifier bridge composed of four equivalent diodes (transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4) to continuously rectify the AC power supply, thus driving the output terminal (V... DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous output power source drives an external execution circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. When the input low-voltage AC power supply voltage is too high, the varistor 3YR2 presents a low impedance, causing the voltage across it to drop very low. Simultaneously, this pulls the voltage across the electrolytic capacitor 3C1 very low, causing the drive output terminal (V...) to be pushed up.DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The external actuator (such as a relay) stops working when the voltage drops below the normal drive voltage.

[0057] 2. Principle for preventing loss of control:

[0058] (1) If any one of the four transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 that make up the rectifier bridge, or two of the same group (diagonally opposite), is open, half of the rectified current will be lost, which will increase the trigger sensitivity; if two, three or four transistors with different resistances (on the same side) are open, the entire rectified current will be cut off, causing the external execution circuit (such as a relay) to completely lose its driving voltage and stop working. Therefore, it will not lead to failure or loss of control.

[0059] (2) If any one of the four transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 that make up the rectifier bridge, or two of the same group (diagonally opposite), is short-circuited, half of the rectified current will be lost, which will increase the trigger sensitivity. If two, three, or four transistors with different resistances (on the same side) are short-circuited, it is equivalent to short-circuiting the two AC terminals of the rectifier bridge (that is, the two ends of the varistor 3YR2), which will cause the rectifier bridge to completely lose AC power, and the two ends of capacitor 3C1 will not be able to establish a driving voltage. If the two ends of capacitor 3C1 or Zener diode 3WD1 are short-circuited, the driving voltage will also disappear. Therefore, it will not lead to failure or loss of control.

[0060] (3) If a short circuit occurs across the photoresistor 3GR3 or the starting capacitor 3C3, the voltage drop across the resistor 3R2 will be small due to its low resistance. The voltage drop across the transistor's emitter junction and the diode's forward voltage drop will also be small, clamping the AC terminals of the rectifier bridge to a very low level. This will cause the voltage across capacitor 3C1 to drop too much, releasing the external relay and stopping its operation. If the photoresistor 3GR3 is open-circuited, all four transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 will not receive base current and will be cut off, disconnecting the rectifier current. This will cause capacitor 3C1 to completely lose its driving voltage. As for resistor 3R5, because it is a wire-wound resistor with a relatively large distance between its two ends, there is no chance of a short circuit, only a chance of an open circuit. If resistor 3R5 is open-circuited, it will only disconnect the AC power supply. Therefore, it will not cause a malfunction or loss of control.

[0061] (4) If any part of the light-emitting current path consisting of varistor 3YR1, photoresistors 3GR1 and 3GR2, LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2, Zener diode 3WD2, resistor 3R1, external sensor, and external limit setting circuit becomes open, LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 will not light up. If LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 are short-circuited, they will also not light up. In both cases, photoresistor 3GR3 will present a high impedance, blocking the base current of the transistor. This will cause all four transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 to be cut off, disconnecting the rectified current and causing capacitor 3C1 to completely lose its driving voltage. Therefore, it will not lead to a fault or loss of control.

[0062] (5) If a short circuit occurs across the varistor 3YR1, the trigger sensitivity will be slightly reduced; if a short circuit occurs across the starting capacitor 3C2, and the positive terminals of LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 are not connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V DT A short circuit will cause the positive voltage of capacitor 3C1 to rise or push up the output terminal (V). DT If the voltage drops too much, the external relay will release and stop working. Therefore, it will not cause a malfunction or loss of control.

[0063] (6) If the external sensor, external limit setting circuit, or Zener diode 3WD2 is short-circuited, or the first trigger input terminal (V i1 ) and the second trigger input (V i2 A short circuit will cause a severe imbalance in the light emission of LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2, and will also trigger a photoelectric series feedback between LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 and photoresistors 3GR1 and 3GR2. As a result, LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 will fail to emit light, causing photoresistor 3GR3 to control unidirectional transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 to completely cut off the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0064] (7) If the first trigger input (V) i1 ) and the second trigger input (V i2 ) and the push-up drive output terminal (V DT If a short circuit occurs at the positive terminal of capacitor 3C1, LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 will not light up, causing photoresistor 3GR3 to control transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 to cut off the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0065] (8) If the first trigger input (V) i1 ) or the second trigger input (V i2 ) and AC power input terminal (V S1 ) or AC power input terminal (V S2A short circuit occurs, preventing LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 from emitting light. This causes photoresistor 3GR3 to control transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4, cutting off the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0066] (9) If the first trigger input (V) i1 ) and / or the second trigger input (V i2 ) and the two ends of the starting capacitor 3C2 (V C1 V C2 A short circuit occurs, preventing LEDs 3LED1 and 3LED2 from emitting light. This causes photoresistor 3GR3 to control transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4, cutting off the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0067] visible, Figure 3 The technical solution, with its unique photoelectric series feedback self-locking touch control and backup control functions, as well as the optically controlled rectifier bridge drive function, not only allows the low-weak signals from external sensors to trigger, control, and drive external actuators during normal operation, but also completely and reliably prevents various faults from causing uncontrolled operation. It ensures the effectiveness of safety protection control functions and is highly suitable for leakage or electric shock protection control. In the event of leakage or a fault, it can effectively cut off the AC power supply to the controlled load, preventing danger to the user and ensuring their safety. Therefore, Figure 3 The technical solution is a runaway-proof drive circuit, which is the preferred core component of a true safety leakage current protector.

[0068] IV. Regarding the appendix Figure 4 Detailed description of the technical solution used:

[0069] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the specific practical circuit 3 of the anti-runaway drive circuit HAKM in this invention. In the diagram: the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes light-emitting diodes 4LED1 and 4LED2, Zener diode 4WD3, resistor 4R1, adjustable resistor 4RT, photoresistor 4GR1, and starting capacitor 4C2; the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) includes diodes 4D1 and 4D2, Zener diode 4WD1, electrolytic capacitor 4C1, starting capacitors 4C5 and 4C6, photosensitive unidirectional thyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2, resistor 4R5, and varistor 4YR2; in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), the positive terminal of photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD1 and the negative terminal of photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD2 are connected to one end of each of starting capacitor 4C5 and 4C6 and varistor 4YR2 as the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 The positive terminal of diode 4D1 and the negative terminal of diode 4D2 are both connected to the other end of varistor 4YR2 and one end of resistor 4R5 as the third AC power input terminal (V). S3The other end of resistor 4R5 serves as the second AC power input terminal (V). S2 ), connect the external AC load line L5 to input low-voltage AC power; the negative terminals of the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD1, the negative terminals of the diode 4D1, and the negative terminals of the Zener diode 4WD1 are all connected to the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor 4C1 and the other end of the starting capacitor 4C6 as the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT The positive terminals of photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD2, Zener diode 4WD1, and diode 4D2 are all connected to the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor 4C1 and the other end of starting capacitor 4C5, which serves as the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DL ); First AC power input terminal (V S1 Connect the a terminal of the external sensor HGX, and connect the e terminal of the external sensor HGX to the AC load line N2 to input a low-voltage AC power supply; or replace the adjustable resistor 4RT with the external sensor HGX; the negative terminal of the Zener diode 4WD3 in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V DT The positive terminal of Zener diode 4WD3 is connected to the positive terminal of LED 4LED1, the negative terminal of LED 4LED1 is connected to the positive terminal of LED 4LED2, and the negative terminal of LED 4LED2 is connected to one end of photoresistor 4GR1 and one end of starting capacitor 4C2, which serve as the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C1 The other end of the photoresistor 4GR1 is connected to the other end of the starting capacitor 4C2 and one end of the resistor 4R1 to serve as the low-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C2 The other end of resistor 4R1 is connected to one end of adjustable resistor 4RT and serves as the first trigger input (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 One end of the adjustable resistor 4RT is connected to the pull-down drive output terminal (V). DL Alternatively, replace the Zener diode 4WD3 with a varistor, or connect a fixed resistor or a Zener diode in parallel across the starting capacitor 4C2, with the negative terminal of the Zener diode connected to the negative terminal of the LED 4LED2, and the positive terminal of the Zener diode connected to the low-level photoelectric control terminal (V). C2 Alternatively, cancel all electronic components included in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), replace photosensitive unidirectional thyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2 with rectifier diodes, with the connection direction before and after the replacement being the same, and retain the remaining electronic components and their circuit connection methods in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) unchanged.

[0070] Appendix Figure 4 The circuit works as follows:

[0071] 1. Normal operating principle: At the first AC power input terminal (V S1) and second AC power input terminal (V S2 A low-voltage AC power supply is input between the two terminals, and when it passes through the external sensor HGX and enters the first AC power input terminal (V... S1 When the low-voltage AC power supply is in the positive half-cycle, the AC current first flows through the starting capacitor 4C6 to the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor 4C1, then through the Zener diode 4WD1 or an external actuator circuit (such as a relay coil), and then through diode 4D2 and resistor 4R5 to the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 Diode 4D1 is cut off due to reverse voltage; when the second AC power input terminal (V S2 When the AC power supply is in the positive half-cycle of a low-voltage AC power supply, the AC current first passes through resistor 4R5, enters the positive terminal of diode 4D1, and then flows through Zener diode 4WD1 or an external actuator circuit (such as a relay coil) and starting capacitor 4C5 to the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 Then, the current flows back to the other terminal (N2) of the AC power supply via the external sensor HGX, while diode 4D2 is cut off due to reverse voltage. Thus, a DC voltage is established across electrolytic capacitor 4C1. At this time, Zener diode 4WD3 also flows from the positive terminal (V) of electrolytic capacitor 4C1. DT When the device receives DC power, the starting capacitor 4C2 initiates the current path for LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2, the Zener diode 4WD3, the resistor 4R1, and the adjustable resistor 4RT. After LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2 emit light, the impedance of the photoresistor 4GR1 decreases, allowing LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2 to continue energizing and emitting light. Maintaining a low impedance in the photoresistor 4GR1 ensures continued energization and illumination of LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2. The photosensitive unidirectional thyristor... When 4GD1 and 4GD2 are simultaneously illuminated by LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2, when diode 4D1 and photothyristor 4GD2 are conducting, diode 4D2 and photothyristor 4GD1 are reverse-biased and cut off. After the AC voltage is reversed, when photothyristor 4GD1 and diode 4D2 are conducting, diode 4D1 and photothyristor 4GD2 are reverse-biased and cut off. This is equivalent to a rectifier bridge (light-controlled) composed of four diodes continuously rectifying the AC power supply, allowing the output terminal (V) to be pushed upwards. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous output power source drives an external actuator circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. If the external sensor HGX has a weak trigger signal input to the first AC power input terminal (V... S1This will weaken the light-emitting current of LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2. The reduced light emission causes an increase in the impedance of photoresistor 4GR1, which in turn weakens the current and light emission of LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2, further increasing the impedance of photoresistor 4GR1. This photoelectric series feedback will cause LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2 to stop emitting light, cutting off photothyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2. The light-controlled rectifier bridge will then stop rectifying, causing the output terminal (V) to be pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The disappearance of the DC drive voltage forces the external actuator (such as a relay) to stop working. If the external circuit is connected to the first AC power input terminal (V... S1 The input signal amplitude is very strong (exceeding V). DT (1 / 2) can eliminate the photoelectric feedback touch function and adopt a direct control method. An external resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected across capacitor 4C2, allowing LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2 to emit light directly (not controlled by photoresistor 4GR1). This ensures that photosensitive unidirectional thyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2 receive continuous and stable illumination, making the light-controlled rectifier bridge equivalent to a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes continuously rectifying the AC power supply. This allows the push-drive output terminal (V... DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous output power source drives an external execution circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. When the input low-voltage AC power supply voltage is too high, the varistor 4YR2 presents a low impedance, causing the voltage across it to drop very low. Simultaneously, this pulls the voltage across the electrolytic capacitor 4C1 very low, causing the drive output terminal (V...) to be pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The external execution circuit (such as a relay) stops working when the voltage is lower than the normal drive voltage. Alternatively, remove all electronic components included in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), replace the photosensitive unidirectional thyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2 with rectifier diodes, and keep the connection direction the same before and after the replacement. Connect the two ends of the external sensor HGX in series to the AC power input terminal (V S1 Between the sensor signal and the AC load line N2, the amplitude of the sensor signal needs to reach more than two-thirds of the low-voltage AC power supply voltage to prevent the upward drive output terminal (V) from being pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The external actuator (such as a relay) stops working when the voltage drops below the normal drive voltage (below the relay's pull-in voltage).

[0072] 2. Principle for preventing loss of control:

[0073] (1) If any one of the two diodes 4D1 and 4D2 and the two photosensitive unidirectional thyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2 that make up the rectifier bridge, or the two in the same group (diagonally opposite), is open, half of the rectified current will be lost, which will increase the trigger sensitivity; if two, three or four of the different resistors (on the same side) are open, the entire rectified current will be cut off, causing the external execution circuit (such as a relay) to completely lose the driving voltage and stop working. Therefore, it will not lead to failure or loss of control.

[0074] (2) If any one of the two diodes 4D1 and 4D2 and the two photosensitive unidirectional thyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2 that make up the rectifier bridge, or two of them in the same group (diagonally opposite), is short-circuited, half of the rectified current will be lost, which will increase the trigger sensitivity. If two, three, or four transistors with different resistances (on the same side) are short-circuited, it is equivalent to short-circuiting the two AC terminals of the rectifier bridge (that is, the two ends of the varistor 4YR2), which will cause the rectifier bridge to completely lose AC power, and the driving voltage cannot be established across the capacitor 4C1. If the two ends of the capacitor 4C1 or the Zener diode 4WD1 are short-circuited, the driving voltage will also disappear. Therefore, it will not lead to failure or loss of control.

[0075] (3) If resistor 4R5 is open, it will only disconnect the AC power supply. Because resistor 4R5 is a wire-wound resistor with a long distance between its two ends, there is no chance of short circuit, only chance of open circuit, so it will not cause the fault to go out of control.

[0076] (4) If any part of the light-emitting current path consisting of Zener diode 4WD3, photoresistor 4GR1, LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2, resistor 4R1, adjustable resistor 4RT, and external sensor HGX becomes open, LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2 will not light up. If LEDs 4LED1 and 4LED2 are short-circuited, they will also not light up. In both cases, photosensitive unidirectional thyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2 will be cut off, disconnecting the rectified current and causing capacitor 4C1 to completely lose its driving voltage. Therefore, it will not lead to a fault or loss of control.

[0077] (5) If the Zener diode 4WD3 is short-circuited, it only reduces the trigger sensitivity; if the starting capacitor 4C2 is short-circuited, it will cause the positive voltage of capacitor 4C1 to rise or push up the drive output terminal (V DT If the voltage drops too much, the external relay will release and stop working. Therefore, it will not cause a malfunction or loss of control.

[0078] (6) If the distance between the two ends of the external sensor HGX is made very large during the process design, there is no chance of short circuit and short circuit failure will not occur; as for open circuit, only the input AC power will be disconnected, so it will not cause failure. Figure 4The advantage of this technical solution is its simple circuit structure and low cost, but it cannot prevent the external sensor HGX from short-circuiting and losing control.

[0079] visible, Figure 4 The technical solution, due to its unique internal photoelectric series feedback self-locking touch control and light-controlled rectifier bridge drive functions, not only allows the low-weak signals from external sensors to trigger, control, and drive external actuators during normal operation, but also prevents various malfunctions from causing loss of control. It can basically ensure the normal and effective operation of safety protection and control functions, and is also suitable for leakage or electric shock protection control. In the event of leakage or a fault, it can promptly cut off the AC power supply to the controlled load, allowing users to avoid danger and basically ensuring their safety. Therefore, Figure 4 The technical solution is also a safe drive circuit to prevent runaway, and it is an optional core component of the Zhenan leakage current protection device.

[0080] V. Regarding the appendix Figure 5 Detailed description of the technical solution used:

[0081] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a specific practical circuit of the anti-runaway drive circuit HAKM in this invention. In the diagram: the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes light-emitting diodes 5LED1 and 5LED2, Zener diode 5WD2, resistor 5R1, varistor 5YR1, photoresistors 5GR1 and 5GR2, starting capacitor 5C2, and light-emitting diode in optocoupler 5GDH1. The light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) includes diodes 5D1 and 5D2, Zener diode 5WD1, electrolytic capacitor 5C1, starting capacitors 5C5 and 5C6, photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD or photosensitive diode, photosensitive diode or photosensitive unidirectional thyristor in optocoupler 5GDH1, resistor 5R5, and varistor 5YR2. In the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), the positive terminal of diode 5D1 and the negative terminal of diode 5D2 are connected to one end of varistor 5YR2 as the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 The external AC load line N2 inputs a low-voltage AC power supply. The positive terminal of the photodiode in optocoupler 5GDH1 and the negative terminal of the photothyristor 5GD are connected to one end each of the starting capacitors 5C5 and 5C6 and the resistor 5R5, as well as the other end of the varistor 5YR2, serving as the third AC power input terminal (V). S3 The other end of resistor 5R5 serves as the second AC power input terminal (V). S2 ), connect the external AC load line L5 to input low-voltage AC power; the negative terminals of the photodiode, diode 5D1, and Zener diode 5WD1 in optocoupler 5GDH1 are all connected to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor 5C1 and the other end of the starting capacitor 5C6 as the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DTThe positive terminals of photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD, diode 5D2, and Zener diode 5WD1 are all connected to the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor 5C1 and the other end of starting capacitor 5C5, which serves as the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DL ); One end of the varistor 5YR1 is connected to the push-drive output terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). DT The other end of the varistor 5YR1 is connected to the positive terminal of the LED in the optocoupler 5GDH1, and the negative terminal of the LED in the optocoupler 5GDH1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor 5GR1 and the starting capacitor 5C2, respectively, as the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C1 The other end of photoresistor 5GR1 is connected to one end of photoresistor 5GR2, and the other end of photoresistor 5GR2 is connected to the other end of starting capacitor 5C2 and the two positive terminals of light-emitting diodes 5LED1 and 5LED2, which serve as the low-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C2 The negative terminal of LED 5LED1 is connected to one end of resistor 5R1, and the other end of resistor 5R1 serves as the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 The negative terminal of LED 5LED2 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode 5WD2, and the positive terminal of Zener diode 5WD2 serves as the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i2 Alternatively, replace the varistor 5YR1 with a Zener diode, connecting the negative terminal of the Zener diode to the push-up drive output terminal (V). DT The positive terminal of the Zener diode is connected to the positive terminal of the LED in the optocoupler 5GDH1, or a fixed resistor or a varistor is connected in parallel across the two ends of the starting capacitor 5C2.

[0082] Alternatively, remove all electronic components from the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), replace the photosensitive diodes in the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD and optocoupler 5GDH1 with rectifier diodes, and ensure the connection directions are the same before and after replacement. Connect the two ends of the external sensor signal in series to the AC power input terminal (V). S1 Between the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) and the AC load line N2, the connection methods of the remaining electronic components and circuits in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) remain unchanged.

[0083] Appendix Figure 5 The circuit works as follows:

[0084] 1. Normal operating principle: At the first AC power input terminal (V S1 ) and second AC power input terminal (V S2 A low-voltage AC power supply is input between the first AC power input terminal (V) and the second AC power input terminal (V). S1During the positive half-cycle of the low-voltage AC power supply, the AC current flows from the positive terminal of diode 5D1 to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor 5C1, then through the Zener diode 5WD1, the external actuator circuit (such as a relay coil), and the starting capacitor 5C5, and finally through resistor 5R5 to the second AC power input terminal (V). S2 Diode 5D2 is cut off due to reverse voltage; when the second AC power input terminal (V S2 When the AC power supply is in the positive half-cycle of a low-voltage AC power supply, the AC current first passes through resistor 5R5 and starting capacitor 5C6 into the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor 5C1, then through Zener diode 5WD1 and external actuator circuit (such as relay coil), and flows from the positive terminal of diode 5D2 into the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 Diode 5D1 is cut off due to reverse voltage; therefore, across electrolytic capacitor 5C1, or at the push-up drive output terminal (V... DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A DC drive voltage is then established between the two terminals. At this time, the varistor 5YR1 also draws a voltage from the positive terminal (V) of the electrolytic capacitor 5C1. DT When powered on, the starting capacitor 5C2 first powers the two positive terminals of LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2. After LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 light up, the impedance of the photoresistors 5GR1 and 5GR2 decreases, allowing LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 to continue to light up. To maintain a low impedance in the photoresistors 5GR1 and 5GR2, LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 are continuously powered up and lit. For LED 5LED1 to continue lighting up, the first trigger input terminal (V) is also required. i1 ) for the pull-down drive output terminal (V DL The external sensor connected between the two circuits continuously supplies light-emitting current; to ensure that LED2 (5LED2) can continuously emit light, the second trigger input (V) is required. i2 ) for the pull-down drive output terminal (V DLThe external limit setting circuit between the LEDs continuously supplies the light-emitting current; keeping LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 emitting light in a balanced manner ensures that LED1 emits light to the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD, and the LED inside the optocoupler 5GDH1 emits light to the photosensitive diode. When illuminated, the photosensitive diode and photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD in the optocoupler 5GDH1 conduct when the voltage is forward and cut off when the voltage is reverse. Therefore, when diode 5D1 and photosensitive thyristor 5GD are conducting, diode 5D2 and the photosensitive diode inside the optocoupler 5GDH1 are cut off due to reverse voltage. When the AC voltage is reversed, when diode 5D2 and the photosensitive diode inside the optocoupler 5GDH1 are conducting, diode 5D1 and photosensitive thyristor 5GD are cut off due to reverse voltage. This is equivalent to a rectifier bridge (light-controlled) composed of four diodes continuously rectifying the AC power supply, allowing the output terminal (V) to be pushed upward. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous power source drives an external actuator circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. If the external sensor has a relatively weak trigger signal input to the first trigger input terminal (V... i1 This will weaken the light-emitting current of LED1 (5LED1), causing the impedance of photoresistor 5GR1 to increase. This, in turn, further weakens the current and light emission of LED1, leading to an even greater impedance of photoresistor 5GR1. This photoelectric series feedback also causes LED2 (5LED1) and photoresistor 5GR2 to experience the same photoelectric series feedback, resulting in LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 not emitting light. This cuts off the photoresistor and photothyristor 5GD inside optocoupler 5GDH1, stopping the light-controlled rectifier bridge from rectifying and causing the output terminal (V) to be pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL If the DC drive voltage between the two terminals disappears, the external actuator circuit (such as a relay) is forced to stop working. If the second trigger input (V) i2 If the external safety limit setting circuit is short-circuited or open-circuited, it will also trigger the LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 to generate a photoelectric series feedback effect between the photoresistors 5GR1 and 5GR2. The result is related to triggering the first trigger input terminal (V i1 The same effect is achieved if the external circuit affects the first trigger input terminal (V). i1 The input signal amplitude is very strong (exceeding V). DT (1 / 2), which can eliminate the photoelectric feedback touch function and adopt a direct control method, at the high-level photoelectric control end (V C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2An external resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected between the LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 to allow them to emit light directly (unaffected by photoresistors 5GR1 and 5GR2). This ensures that the photodiode and photothyristor 5GD inside the optocoupler 5GDH1 are continuously and stably illuminated. This allows the light-controlled rectifier bridge to function as a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes, continuously rectifying the AC power supply. This allows the output terminal (V) to be pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL A continuous output power source drives an external execution circuit (such as a relay) to operate normally. When the input low-voltage AC power supply voltage is too high, the varistor 5YR2 presents a low impedance, causing the voltage across it to drop very low. Simultaneously, this pulls the voltage across the electrolytic capacitor 5C1 very low, causing the drive output terminal (V...) to be pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The external execution circuit (such as a relay) stops working when the voltage is lower than the normal drive voltage. Alternatively, remove all electronic components included in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), replace the photosensitive diode in the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD and optocoupler 5GDH1 with a rectifier diode, and keep the connection direction the same before and after the replacement. Connect the two ends of the external sensor signal in series to the first AC power input terminal (V S1 Between the sensor signal and the AC load line N2, the amplitude of the sensor signal needs to reach more than two-thirds of the low-voltage AC power supply voltage to prevent the upward drive output terminal (V) from being pushed up. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The external actuator (such as a relay) stops working when the voltage drops below the normal drive voltage.

[0085] 2. Principle for preventing loss of control:

[0086] (1) If any one of the two diodes 5D1 and 5D2 that make up the rectifier bridge, the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD, or the photosensitive diode in the optocoupler 5GDH1, or two of the same group (diagonally opposite) are open, half of the rectified current will be lost, which will increase the trigger sensitivity; if two, three, or four of the different resistors (on the same side) are open, the entire rectified current will be cut off, causing the external execution circuit (such as a relay) to completely lose its driving voltage and stop working. Therefore, it will not lead to failure or loss of control.

[0087] (2) If any one of the two diodes 5D1 and 5D2 that make up the rectifier bridge, or the photosensitive diodes in the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD and optocoupler 5GDH1, or two of the same group (diagonally opposite) are short-circuited, half of the rectified current will be lost, which will increase the trigger sensitivity. If two, three, or four of the different resistors (on the same side) are short-circuited, it is equivalent to short-circuiting the two AC terminals of the rectifier bridge (that is, the two ends of the varistor 5YR2), which will cause the rectifier bridge to completely lose AC power, and the driving voltage cannot be established across the capacitor 5C1. If the two ends of the capacitor 5C1 or the Zener diode 5WD1 are short-circuited, the driving voltage will also disappear. Therefore, it will not lead to failure or loss of control.

[0088] (3) If resistor 5R5 is open, it will only disconnect the AC power supply. Because resistor 5R5 is a wire-wound resistor with a long distance between its two ends, there is no chance of short circuit, only chance of open circuit, so it will not cause the fault to go out of control.

[0089] (4) If any part of the light-emitting current path consisting of varistor 5YR1, photoresistors 5GR1 and 5GR2, light-emitting diodes 5LED1 and 5LED2, Zener diode 5WD2, resistor 5R1, external sensor, and external limit setting circuit is open, light-emitting diodes 5LED1 and 5LED2 will not light up. If light-emitting diodes 5LED1 and 5LED2 are short-circuited, they will also not light up. In both cases, the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD and the photosensitive diode inside optocoupler 5GDH1 will be completely cut off, interrupting the rectified current and causing capacitor 5C1 to completely lose its driving voltage. Therefore, it will not lead to fault control failure.

[0090] (5) If a short circuit occurs across the varistor 3YR1, the trigger sensitivity will be slightly reduced; if a short circuit occurs across the starting capacitor 5C2, and the positive terminals of LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 are not connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V DT A short circuit will cause the positive voltage of capacitor 5C1 to rise or push up the output terminal (V). DT If the voltage drops too much, the external relay will release and stop working. Therefore, it will not cause a malfunction or loss of control.

[0091] (6) If the external sensor, external safety limit setting circuit, or Zener diode 5WD2 is short-circuited, or the first trigger input terminal (V i1 ) and the second trigger input (V i2A short circuit will cause a severe imbalance in the light emission of LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2, and will also trigger a photoelectric series feedback between LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 and photoresistors 5GR1 and 5GR2. As a result, LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 will fail to emit light, causing all photodiodes in the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD and optocoupler 5GDH1 to be cut off, interrupting the rectified current and causing capacitor 5C1 to completely lose its driving voltage. Therefore, it will not lead to a fault or loss of control.

[0092] (7) If the first trigger input (V) i1 ) and the second trigger input (V i2 ) and the push-up drive output terminal (V DT If a short circuit occurs at the positive terminal of capacitor 5C1, both LED1 and the LED inside optocoupler 5GDH1 will fail to emit light, thus cutting off the rectified current to the photosensitive thyristor 5GD and the photosensitive diode inside optocoupler 5GDH1. Therefore, this will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0093] (8) If the first trigger input (V) i1 ) or the second trigger input (V i2 ) and the first AC power input terminal (V S1 ) or second AC power input terminal (V S2 A short circuit occurs, preventing LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2 from emitting light. This also cuts off the photosensitive thyristor 5GD and the photosensitive diodes inside the optocoupler 5GDH1, thus interrupting the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0094] (9) If the first trigger input (V) i1 ) and / or the second trigger input (V i2 ) and the two ends of the starting capacitor 5C2 (V C1 V C2 A short circuit occurs, preventing LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2, as well as the LEDs within optocoupler 5GDH1, from emitting light. This also cuts off the photosensitive thyristor 5GD and the photosensitive diodes within optocoupler 5GDH1, interrupting the rectified current. Therefore, it will not lead to a malfunction or loss of control.

[0095] visible, Figure 5The technical solution, with its unique photoelectric series feedback self-locking touch control and backup control functions, as well as the optically controlled rectifier bridge drive function, not only allows the low-weak signals from external sensors to trigger, control, and drive external actuators during normal operation, but also completely and reliably prevents various faults from causing uncontrolled operation. It ensures the effectiveness of safety protection control functions and is highly suitable for leakage or electric shock protection control. In the event of leakage or a fault, it can effectively cut off the AC power supply to the controlled load, preventing danger to the user and ensuring their safety. Therefore, Figure 5 The technical solution is a runaway-proof drive circuit, which is the preferred core component of a true safety leakage current protector.

[0096] VI. Regarding the appendix Figure 6 Detailed description of the technical solution used:

[0097] Figure 6 This is the first circuit diagram of a truly safe leakage current protector invented using the core component HAKM. It includes a zero-sequence current transformer H, an execution circuit, and an AC power overvoltage protection and step-down circuit. Its key features include the core component HAKM and sensitivity and safety setting circuits. The zero-sequence current transformer H consists of primary coils n1 and n2, a secondary coil n3, and its electromagnet core. The execution circuit includes a start button QD and a relay J, which consists of a coil core and two sets of normally open contacts. The AC power overvoltage protection and step-down circuit includes a varistor YR, resistors R6 and R7, a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, a fuse RD, and a step-down capacitor C9. The sensitivity and safety setting circuit includes a capacitor C8 and resistors R8, R9, and R10. The core component HAKM is... Figure 1 The aforementioned runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM, or with attachments Figure 2 To be continued Figure 5 Any specific practical circuit; its circuit connection method: the primary coil n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H are wound in parallel and the secondary coil n3 is wound alone on the same electromagnet core. The primary coil n1 is connected in series between AC load lines L1 and L2, the primary coil n2 is connected in series between AC load lines N1 and N2, the a end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of resistor R8, the e end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of each of resistor R9 and resistor R10, and the other end of resistor R8 and one end of capacitor C8 are both connected to the first trigger input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. i1 The other ends of resistor R9 and capacitor C8 are both connected to the second trigger input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM. i2 The other end of resistor R10 is connected to the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the core component HAKM. DL The first AC power input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM. S1Connect one end of the AC load line N2 and the varistor YR, and the second AC power input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM. S2 The connection point between one end of the step-down capacitor C9 and one end of the resistor R6 serves as the external AC load line L5, inputting low-voltage AC power. The other ends of the step-down capacitor C9 and the resistor R6 are connected to the other end of the varistor YR and one end of the resistor R7. A fuse RD is connected in series between the other end of the resistor R7 and one end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC. The other end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC is connected to the AC load line L2. The two ends of the coil inside the relay J are separately connected across the push-drive output terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL Between the two sets of normally open contacts in relay J, the stationary contact of one set of normally open contacts is connected to the AC power line L, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line L1. The stationary contact of the other set of normally open contacts in relay J is connected to the AC power line N, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line N1. When the start button QD is pressed manually, the AC power line L and the AC load line L1 are connected, and at the same time, the AC power line N and the AC load line N1 are also connected.

[0098] Appendix Figure 6 The circuit works as follows:

[0099] 1. Starting Working Principle: After pressing the start button QD, the two normally open contacts of relay J connect the AC power from the power grid on AC power lines L and N to AC load lines L1 and N1. The AC power is then transmitted through the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H to AC load lines L2 and N2. The AC power on load line L2 is stepped down by the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, fuse RD, resistor R7, and step-down capacitor C9, and then input to the second AC power input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM via AC load line L5. S2 The AC power supply on the AC load line N2 is directly input to the first AC power input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. S1 The varistor YR, connected across the AC load line N2 and the step-down capacitor C9 on the power supply side, helps absorb interference pulses from the AC power transmission network and also provides overvoltage protection. The core component HAKM, after receiving AC power, pushes the drive output terminal (V...) DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The coil of relay J connected between the two terminals receives a continuous output driving voltage source and is energized. The two normally open contacts of relay J then continuously connect the AC load lines L1 and N1 to the AC power source from the mains, so that the AC load lines L2 and N2 continuously become the two AC input terminals (V) of the core device HAKM. S1 V S2When the input AC power is stepped down, the entire circuit of the leakage current protection device is self-locked into a standby state for normal power-on operation, so as to stably supply AC power from the power grid to the controlled load or electrical appliance.

[0100] 2. Normal power transmission principle: In standby mode, if the controlled AC load is operating normally and there is no leakage or electric shock, the AC currents in the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The magnetic flux induced in the iron core of the zero-sequence current transformer H cancels out to zero. Therefore, no AC current or voltage signal is generated at the two ends of the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H. At this time, the first trigger input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM... i1 The light-emitting current of the internal touch circuit is connected through resistor R8, secondary coil n3, and resistor R10, and the second trigger input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM is activated. i2 When the light-emitting current of the internal backup circuit is connected through resistors R9 and R10, and the light-emitting current of the touch circuit inside the core component HAKM is balanced with that of the backup circuit, light (G) can be emitted to control the light-controlled rectifier bridge inside the core component HAKM to continuously rectify and output a driving voltage source, energizing the coil of the external relay J and closing its two pairs of normally open contacts, locking it in the power transmission standby state. It is evident that the standby state of the core component HAKM is inseparable from the necessary external condition of the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H and resistors R8, R9, and R10 providing the light-emitting current for the light-emitting diode inside the core component HAKM.

[0101] 3. Leakage Protection Principle: If the controlled AC load experiences leakage or electric shock, a residual current (through unbalanced AC current) is generated in the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H. This residual current induces a magnetic flux within the core of the zero-sequence current transformer H, causing an induced AC current or voltage signal to be generated across the secondary coil n3. When this induced AC current or voltage signal is positive at terminal a of the secondary coil n3, it charges capacitor C8 through resistor R8, triggering the first trigger input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. i1 The potential increases, V i1 When the potential rises to a certain level, it will trigger the photoelectric feedback inside the core component HAKM, causing it to self-lock and stop emitting light. This controls the internal photo-controlled rectifier bridge to stop rectification, the driving voltage source disappears, and the external relay J coil is de-energized and released. Its two pairs of normally open contacts will definitely cut off the AC power supply and always maintain the de-energized state. It is impossible to restore power without human intervention. Therefore, leakage or electric shock is properly protected, allowing users to avoid danger and ensuring the safety of their lives.

[0102] 4. Principle of preventing runaway control: The relay J is energized by the rectification and output drive voltage of the internal light-controlled rectifier bridge of the core component HAKM. The drive voltage is maintained by the internal light control of the core component HAKM. The internal light control is maintained by the unobstructed light current path inside and outside the core component HAKM. Therefore, if any maintenance process or any link is blocked or interrupted, the result will be that the relay J is released and de-energized. This is the unique principle and method of the present invention to prevent various faults from causing runaway control failure and to ensure that the safety protection and control functions are effective.

[0103] 5. Safety Protection Principle: Based on the principle of preventing runaway, it can be predicted that if the two input terminals (V) of the core device HAKM are connected... i1 V i2 If any of the resistors R8, R9, R10, or the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H becomes open-circuited, it will cause the core component HAKM to lose its internal light sustaining function, ultimately leading to the relay J de-energizing and protecting the device. If either of the two input terminals (V...) of the core component HAKM becomes open-circuited... i1 V i2 If a short circuit occurs at either the terminals of capacitor C8 or the terminals of the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H, it will cause an imbalance in the internal backlight protection of the core component HAKM, triggering a photoelectric series feedback self-locking mechanism that prevents the light from being maintained, ultimately causing the relay J to cut off power for safety. S1 V S2 Between ) and the push-drive output terminal (V DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL If a short circuit occurs between any of the following components, or if an open circuit occurs at any point, relay J will inevitably be de-energized for safety. If an open circuit occurs at any of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, fuse RD, resistor R7, or step-down capacitor C9, relay J will also be de-energized for safety. If an open circuit occurs at varistor YR or resistor R6, it will not cause a power outage but will not result in runaway failure. If a short circuit occurs at varistor YR, step-down capacitor C9 will inevitably lose voltage and de-energize for safety. If a short circuit occurs at resistor R6 and step-down capacitor C9, the overvoltage protection within the core component HAKM will inevitably cause a power outage, ensuring safety.

[0104] 6. Overheat protection principle: If a short circuit occurs in the overvoltage or step-down circuit, the fuse RD will overheat and blow due to the large current. Figure 6 The technical solution also includes short-circuit protection. If the contact resistance of the terminals, pins, or sockets on the AC power supply side and / or AC load side is too high, excessive heat will be generated when a large current flows, causing the temperature rise to be too rapid and too high. This will cause the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC5 to increase sharply to its equivalent insulation resistance, blocking the AC power supply to the step-down circuit and causing the two AC input terminals (V) of the core component HAKM to short-circuit.S1 V S2 When AC power is lost, relay J is forced to disconnect the AC power supply on AC load lines L2 and N2. Figure 6 The technical solution also has a self-overheat protection function to avoid the risk of fire caused by thermal control failure.

[0105] visible, Figure 6 Because the technical solution uses the runaway-proof HAKM drive circuit as its core component, it not only provides safety protection against leakage current or electric shock to the controlled load during normal operation, but also completely prevents itself from going out of control in the event of various abnormal faults or overheating. This ensures the effectiveness of the safety protection control function, forcing the relay to effectively cut off the AC power supply to the controlled load, preventing danger to the user and ensuring their safety. Therefore, Figure 6 The technical solution is a truly safe leakage current protection device.

[0106] VII. Regarding the appendix Figure 7 Detailed description of the technical solution used:

[0107] Figure 7 This is the second circuit diagram of a truly safe leakage current protector invented using the core component HAKM. It includes a zero-sequence current transformer H1, an execution circuit, and an AC power overvoltage protection and step-down circuit. Its key features include the core component HAKM, sensitivity and safety setting circuits, and their connection methods. The zero-sequence current transformer H1 consists of primary coils n1 and n2, a secondary coil n3, and its electromagnet core. The execution circuit includes a start button QD and a relay J1, which consists of a coil core and two sets of normally open contacts. The AC power overvoltage protection and step-down circuit includes a varistor YR1, resistors R16 and R17, a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, a fuse RD, and a step-down capacitor C19. The sensitivity and safety setting circuit includes a capacitor C18 and resistors R18 and R19. The core component HAKM is... Figure 1 The aforementioned runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM, or with attachments Figure 2 To be continued Figure 5 Any specific practical circuit; its circuit connection method: the primary coil n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H1 are wound in parallel and the secondary coil n3 is wound alone on the same electromagnet core. The primary coil n1 is connected in series between AC load lines L1 and L2, the primary coil n2 is connected in series between AC load lines N1 and N2, the a end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of resistor R18, the e end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of capacitor C18 and AC load line N2, and the other ends of resistor R18 and capacitor C18 are connected to the first AC power input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. S1One end of the varistor YR1 and the other end of the varistor YR1 and one end of the resistor R17 are connected to one end of the step-down capacitor C19 and the resistor R16. The connection point of the other end of the step-down capacitor C19 and the resistor R16 serves as the external AC load line L5, which is then connected to the second AC power input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. S2 The input is a low-voltage AC power supply; a fuse RD is connected in series between the other end of resistor R17 and one end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC; the other end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC is connected to the AC load line L2; and one end of resistor R19 is connected to the first trigger input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. i1 The other end of resistor R19 is connected to the second trigger input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM. i2 ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The two ends of the coil inside the relay J1 are separately connected across the push-drive output terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL Between the two sets of normally open contacts in relay J1, the stationary contact of one set of normally open contacts is connected to the AC power line L, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line L1. The stationary contact of the other set of normally open contacts in relay J1 is connected to the AC power line N, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line N1. When the start button QD is pressed manually, the AC power line L and the AC load line L1 are connected, and at the same time, the AC power line N and the AC load line N1 are also connected.

[0108] Appendix Figure 7 The circuit works as follows:

[0109] 1. Starting Working Principle: After pressing the start button QD, the two normally open contacts of relay J1 connect the AC power from the power grid on AC power lines L and N to AC load lines L1 and N1. The AC power is then transmitted through the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H1 to AC load lines L2 and N2. The AC power on AC load line L2 is stepped down by a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, fuse RD, resistor R17, and step-down capacitor C19 before being input through AC load line L5 to the second AC power input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM. S2 The AC power supply above the AC load line N2 passes through the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H1 and the resistor R18 in series before being input to the first AC power input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. S1 The process involves connecting the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H1 to the AC power supply from the grid via HAKM, with the varistor YR1 connected across the first AC power input terminal (V). S1The power supply side (before stepping down) of the capacitor C19 and the step-down capacitor C19 helps absorb interference pulses from the AC power transmission network and also provides overvoltage protection; after the core device HAKM receives AC power, it pushes the output terminal (V) upwards. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The coil of the external relay J1 (execution circuit) receives a continuous output drive voltage (power source) and is energized. The two normally open contacts of relay J then continuously connect the AC load lines L1 and N1 to the AC power supply from the mains, so that the AC load lines L2 and N2 continuously become the two AC input terminals (V) of the core device HAKM. S1 V S2 When the input AC power is stepped down, the entire circuit of the leakage current protection device is self-locked into a standby state for normal power-on operation, so as to stably supply AC power from the power grid to the controlled load or electrical appliance.

[0110] 2. Normal Power Transmission Principle: In standby mode, if the controlled AC load is operating normally without leakage or electric shock, the AC currents in the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H1 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The magnetic flux induced in the iron core of the zero-sequence current transformer H1 cancels out to zero. Therefore, no AC current or voltage signal is generated across the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H1. At this time, terminal a of the secondary coil n3 is connected to the first AC power input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM via a series resistor R18. S1 The emitter (e) terminal of the secondary coil n3 is directly connected to the AC load line N2, which is to connect the core device HAKM to the AC power supply from the power grid; the first trigger input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM i1 ) for the pull-down drive output terminal (V DL ) Series resistor R19, the second trigger input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM i2 ) and pull-down drive output terminal (V DL The circuit is directly connected to the core component HAKM, and its function is to provide light-emitting current to the touch circuit and the backup circuit within the core component HAKM, thereby illuminating the circuit. It also controls the continuous rectification of the light-controlled rectifier bridge within the core component HAKM, continuously supplying drive voltage (power source), energizing the coil of the external relay J1 (execution circuit), causing its two pairs of normally open contacts to close and lock in the power transmission standby state. It is evident that the standby state of the core component HAKM is inseparable from the zero-sequence current transformer H secondary coil n3 and resistor R18 connecting the core component HAKM to the AC power from the grid, and also from the two input terminals (V... i1 V i2 The core component, HAKM, provides the necessary external conditions for the internal touch circuit and the backlight circuit to receive the light-emitting current.

[0111] 3. Leakage Protection Principle: If the controlled AC load experiences leakage or electric shock, a residual current (through unbalanced AC current) is generated in the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H1. This residual current induces a magnetic flux within the core of the zero-sequence current transformer H1, causing an induced AC current or voltage signal to be generated across the secondary coil n3. When this induced AC current or voltage signal is positive at terminal a of the secondary coil n3, it charges capacitor C18 through resistor R18, raising the potential of capacitor C18. This raises the potential of capacitor C18, causing a current surge from the first AC power input terminal (V) of the core device HAKM. S1 ) Prevent or reduce the output of the up-drive terminal (V) DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The driving voltage between the two components weakens the internal light emission of the core component HAKM to a certain extent, triggering the internal photoelectric feedback of the core component HAKM to self-lock and stop emitting light. This controls the internal light-controlled rectifier bridge to stop rectification, and the driving voltage (power source) disappears, causing the external relay J coil to release without power. Its two pairs of normally open contacts will definitely cut off the AC power supply and always maintain the de-energized state. It is impossible to restore power without human intervention. Therefore, leakage or electric shock is properly protected, allowing the user to avoid danger and ensuring the safety of the user's life.

[0112] 4. Principle of preventing runaway: The relay J is energized by the rectification and output drive voltage of the internal light-controlled rectifier bridge of the core component HAKM. The drive voltage is maintained by the internal light control of the core component HAKM. The internal light control is maintained by ensuring the smooth flow of the light-emitting current path through the internal and external parts of the core component HAKM. Therefore, if any failure or interruption occurs in any part of the maintenance process, the result will be that the relay J will be released and de-energized. This is the unique principle and method of the present invention to prevent various failures and ensure the effectiveness of safety protection and control functions.

[0113] 5. Safety Protection Principle: Based on the principle of preventing runaway, it can be predicted that if the two input terminals (V) of the core device HAKM are connected... i1 V i2 If any part of the zero-sequence current transformer H1's secondary coil n3 or resistor R18 is open-circuited, the core component HAKM will lose its internal light-maintaining function, ultimately causing relay J1 to de-energize and protect the device. If either of the two input terminals (V...) of the core component HAKM is open-circuited... i1 V i2 A short circuit will cause an imbalance in the backup light emission of the core component HAKM, triggering photoelectric feedback locking and preventing the light emission from being maintained. Ultimately, this will cause the relay J to cut off power for safety. If the two AC input terminals (V) of the core component HAKM are short-circuited, it will cause an imbalance in the backup light emission, triggering photoelectric feedback locking and preventing the light emission from being maintained. S1 V S2 An open circuit or short circuit occurs, or the drive output terminal (V) is pushed up.DT ) and pull-down driver output (V DL An open circuit or short circuit will inevitably cause relay J1 to de-energize for safety. If any of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC), fuse RD, resistor R17, or step-down capacitor C19 experiences an open circuit, relay J will also de-energize for safety. An open circuit in varistor YR1 or resistor R16 will not cause de-energization but will not lead to loss of control. A short circuit in varistor YR1 will inevitably cause step-down capacitor C19 to lose voltage and de-energize for safety. Short circuits in resistor R16 and step-down capacitor C19 will inevitably cause overvoltage protection within the core component HAKM, resulting in de-energization and ensuring safety. Because... Figure 7 In the technical solution, the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H and the capacitor C18 cannot utilize the second trigger input terminal (V) of the core component HAKM. i2 The internal safety feature prevents short circuits. If a short circuit occurs across the secondary coil n3 of the zero-sequence current transformer H or across capacitor C18, the leakage protection function will fail. If the external sensor HGX and capacitor C18 are designed with a large distance between their ends to minimize the chance of a short circuit, this will also prevent short-circuit failure.

[0114] 6. Overheat protection principle: If a short circuit occurs in the overvoltage or step-down circuit, the fuse RD will overheat and blow due to the large current. Figure 7 The technical solution also includes short-circuit protection. If the contact resistance of the terminals, pins, or sockets on the AC power supply side and / or AC load side is too high, excessive heat will be generated when a large current flows, causing the temperature rise to be too rapid and too high. This will cause the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) to increase sharply to its equivalent insulation resistance, blocking the AC power supply to the step-down circuit and causing the two AC input terminals (V...) of the core component HAKM to... S1 V S2 When AC power is lost, relay J is forced to disconnect the AC power supply on AC load lines L2 and N2. Figure 7 The technical solution also has a self-overheat protection function to avoid the risk of fire caused by thermal control failure.

[0115] visible, Figure 7 The technical solution uses the runaway-proof HAKM drive circuit as its core component. Although the connection between the leakage signal and the HAKM is suboptimal, it not only provides safety protection against leakage or electric shock from the controlled load during normal operation, but also largely prevents runaway due to various faults or overheating. This ensures the normal and effective operation of the safety protection control function, reliably forcing the relay to disconnect the AC power supply to the controlled load, thus protecting the user from danger and essentially guaranteeing their safety. Therefore, Figure 7 The technical solution is also a type of truly safe leakage current protection device.

[0116] In summary, the present invention employs a transparent, simple, and ingenious optoelectronic series feedback self-locking touch circuit using optoelectronic devices to detect leakage signals and a light-controlled rectifier bridge drive circuit to drive the relay. Its unique principle relies on the smooth flow of the optoelectronic signal to maintain power, and uses the leakage signal to block the flow of light for power-off protection. This is perfectly suited to the fact that any abnormal open-circuit or short-circuit fault in this optoelectronic touch drive circuit system will also prevent power loss by blocking the flow of light, thus completely preventing various fault-related loss of control. This avoids the safety hazards of traditional methods that rely on amplifying the leakage signal to trigger an impact tripping action to disconnect the power supply, which inevitably carries the risk of loss of control due to faults. Furthermore, current popular relay driving methods use direct series control of electronic devices or multi-stage series control. This conventional backup method offers limited reliability improvement because if multiple stages of series control fail, it will ultimately lead to loss of control, failing to fundamentally solve the problem. The present invention, however, achieves complete prevention of various fault-related loss of control with only a single-stage optoelectronic control drive system, thus perfectly and thoroughly solving the problem, demonstrating significant technological progress and obvious technical advantages. It is evident that the technical solution used in this invention is completely different from currently popular residual current devices (RCDs). Therefore, it is clearly foreseeable that this invention will achieve extremely high safety performance: it can completely and realistically prevent various malfunctions and loss of control, prevent leakage current protection function failure, completely eliminate fatal hidden dangers, never experience false safety conditions, and perfectly realize the effective implementation of safety protection and control functions, truly ensuring the safety of electricity users' lives. The extremely high safety effect of this invention has significant life-saving value and social benefits, and can also promote the upgrading of national technical standards in this field, surpassing international standards.

Claims

1. A runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM, characterized in that: Includes a photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) and a light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8); the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) i1 ) is used to connect to the output signal of the external sensor, and the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is used to connect to the external sensor output signal. i2 The photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) emits light (G) to illuminate the photosensitive device of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), which is used to control the power supply or de-energization of the controlled rectifier bridge in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). The positive input terminal of the power supply of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT ); the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) DL ) and push-up drive output (V DT An external actuator can be connected between the two to control the operation of the controlled electrical appliance. The first AC power input terminal (V) of the optical control bridge drive circuit (8) S1 The external AC load line N2 inputs a low-voltage AC power supply, and the second AC power input terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) is connected to the low-voltage AC power supply. S2 Connect the external AC load line L5 to input low-voltage AC power; The photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes light-emitting diodes 2LED1 and 2LED2, a Zener diode 2WD2, a resistor 2R1, a varistor 2YR1, a photoresistor 2GR1 and 2GR2, and a starting capacitor 2C2. The light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) includes unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 to 2DK4, diodes 2D1 to 2D6, a Zener diode 2WD1, resistors 2R2, 2R3 and 2R5, a varistor 2YR2, a photoresistor 2GR3, a starting capacitor 2C3, and an electrolytic capacitor 2C1. In the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), the anode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK1 and the cathode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK4 are connected to the positive terminal of diode 2D5 and one end of varistor 2YR2 as the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 The anode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK2 and the cathode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK3 are connected to the positive terminal of diode 2D6, the other end of varistor 2YR2, and one end of resistor 2R5 as the third AC power input terminal (V). S3 The other end of resistor 2R5 serves as the second AC power input terminal (V). S2 The connection point between the two cathodes of the unidirectional thyristors 2DK1 and 2DK2 and the negative terminal of the Zener diode 2WD1 and the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor 2C1 serves as the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT The connection point between the two anodes of the unidirectional thyristors 2DK3 and 2DK4 and the positive terminal of the Zener diode 2WD1 and the negative terminal of the electrolytic capacitor 2C1 serves as the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DL The control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK1 is connected to the negative electrode of diode 2D1, the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK2 is connected to the negative electrode of diode 2D2, the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK3 is connected to the negative electrode of diode 2D3, the control electrode of unidirectional thyristor 2DK4 is connected to the negative electrode of diode 2D4, the two positive electrodes of diodes 2D3 and 2D4 are connected to one end of resistor 2R3, the other end of resistor 2R3 is connected to one end of resistor 2R2, photoresistor 2GR3 and starting capacitor 2C3, the other end of resistor 2R2 is connected to the two positive electrodes of diodes 2D1 and 2D2, the other end of photoresistor 2GR3 and starting capacitor 2C3 are connected to the two negative electrodes of diodes 2D5 and 2D6; one end of the piezoresistive resistor 2YR1 in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V DT The other end of the varistor 2YR1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor 2GR1 and the starting capacitor 2C2, respectively, to serve as the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C1 The other end of photoresistor 2GR1 is connected to one end of photoresistor 2GR2, and the other end of photoresistor 2GR2 is connected to the other end of starting capacitor 2C2 and the two positive terminals of light-emitting diodes 2LED1 and 2LED2, which serve as the low-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C2 The negative terminal of LED 2LED1 is connected to one end of resistor 2R1, and the other end of resistor 2R1 serves as the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 The negative terminal of LED2 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode 2WD2, and the positive terminal of Zener diode 2WD2 serves as the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i2 ).

2. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When a resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected in series between the terminals, it is suitable for the first trigger input terminal (V). i1 The input signal voltage is higher than 1 / 6V. DT The high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When idle, it is applicable to the first trigger input terminal (V) i1 The input signal voltage is greater than 200mV.

3. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 1, characterized in that: Cancel the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), retain the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), use an external light-emitting device to illuminate the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8); or use the high and low levels output by the external circuit to connect the two ends of the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), so that the external circuit can directly control the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) to drive the actuator to work.

4. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 1, characterized in that: Replace the varistor 2YR1 with a Zener diode, and connect the negative terminal of the Zener diode to the output terminal of the push-up drive (V). DT The positive terminal of the Zener diode is connected to the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V). C1 Alternatively, a fixed resistor or a varistor can be connected in parallel across the two ends of the starting capacitor 2C2.

5. A runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM, characterized in that: Includes a photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) and a light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8); the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) i1 ) is used to connect to the output signal of the external sensor, and the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is used to connect to the external sensor output signal. i2 The photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) emits light (G) to illuminate the photosensitive device of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), which is used to control the power supply or de-energization of the controlled rectifier bridge in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). The positive input terminal of the power supply of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT ); the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) DL ) and push-up drive output (V DT An external actuator can be connected between the two to control the operation of the controlled electrical appliance. The first AC power input terminal (V) of the optical control bridge drive circuit (8) S1 The external AC load line N2 inputs a low-voltage AC power supply, and the second AC power input terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) is connected to the low-voltage AC power supply. S2 Connect the external AC load line L5 to input low-voltage AC power; The photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes light-emitting diodes 3LED1 and 3LED2, a Zener diode 3WD2, a resistor 3R1, a varistor 3YR1, photoresistors 3GR1 and 3GR2, and a starting capacitor 3C2. The light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) includes transistors 3VT1 to 3VT4 or field-effect transistors, diodes 3D1 to 3D4, a Zener diode 3WD1, resistors 3R2 and 3R5, a varistor 3YR2, a photoresistor 3GR3, a starting capacitor 3C3, and an electrolytic capacitor 3C1. In the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), the emitters of transistors 3VT1 and 3VT4 are connected to one end of the varistor 3YR2 as the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 The emitters of transistors 3VT2 and 3VT3 are connected to the other end of varistor 3YR2 and one end of resistor 3R5 as the third AC power input terminal (V). S3 The other end of resistor 3R5 serves as the second AC power input terminal (V). S2 The connection point between the collectors of transistors 3VT1 and 3VT2 and one end of varistor 3YR1, and the negative terminal of Zener diode 3WD1 and the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor 3C1, serves as the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT The connection point between the collectors of transistors 3VT3 and 3VT4 and the positive terminal of Zener diode 3WD1 and the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor 3C1 serves as the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DL The base of transistor 3VT1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode 3D1, the base of transistor 3VT2 is connected to the positive terminal of diode 3D2, the base of transistor 3VT3 is connected to the negative terminal of diode 3D3, the base of transistor 3VT4 is connected to the negative terminal of diode 3D4, the two negative terminals of diodes 3D1 and 3D2 are connected to one end of resistor 3R2, the other end of resistor 3R2 is connected to one end of photoresistor 3GR3 and starting capacitor 3C3, and the other end of photoresistor 3GR3 and starting capacitor 3C3 are connected to the two positive terminals of diodes 3D3 and 3D4; one end of the piezoresistive resistor 3YR1 in the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V DT The other end of the varistor 3YR1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor 3GR1 and the starting capacitor 3C2, respectively, to serve as the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C1 The other end of photoresistor 3GR1 is connected to one end of photoresistor 3GR2, and the other end of photoresistor 3GR2 is connected to the other end of starting capacitor 3C2 and the two positive terminals of light-emitting diodes 3LED1 and 3LED2, which serve as the low-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C2 The negative terminal of LED 3LED1 is connected to one end of resistor 3R1, and the other end of resistor 3R1 serves as the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 The negative terminal of LED 3LED2 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode 3WD2, and the positive terminal of Zener diode 3WD2 serves as the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i2 ).

6. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When a resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected in series between the terminals, it is suitable for the first trigger input terminal (V). i1 The input signal voltage is higher than 1 / 6V. DT The high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When idle, it is applicable to the first trigger input terminal (V) i1 The input signal voltage is greater than 200mV.

7. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 5, characterized in that: Cancel the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), retain the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), use an external light-emitting device to illuminate the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8); or use the high and low levels output by the external circuit to connect the two ends of the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), so that the external circuit can directly control the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) to drive the actuator to work.

8. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 5, characterized in that: Replace the varistor 3YR1 with a Zener diode, and connect the negative terminal of the Zener diode to the output terminal of the push-up drive (V). DT The positive terminal of the Zener diode is connected to the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V). C1 Alternatively, a fixed resistor or a varistor can be connected in parallel across the two ends of the starting capacitor 3C2.

9. A runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM, characterized in that: Includes a photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) and a light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8); the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) i1 ) is used to connect to the output signal of the external sensor, and the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is used to connect to the external sensor output signal. i2 The photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) emits light (G) to illuminate the photosensitive device of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), which is used to control the power supply or de-energization of the controlled rectifier bridge in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). The positive input terminal of the power supply of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT ); the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) DL ) and push-up drive output (V DT An external actuator can be connected between the two to control the operation of the controlled electrical appliance. The first AC power input terminal (V) of the optical control bridge drive circuit (8) S1 The external AC load line N2 inputs a low-voltage AC power supply, and the second AC power input terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) is connected to the low-voltage AC power supply. S2 Connect the external AC load line L5 to input low-voltage AC power; The photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes light-emitting diodes 4LED1 and 4LED2, a Zener diode 4WD3, a resistor 4R1, an adjustable resistor 4RT, a photoresistor 4GR1, and a starting capacitor 4C2. The light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) includes diodes 4D1 and 4D2, a Zener diode 4WD1, an electrolytic capacitor 4C1, starting capacitors 4C5 and 4C6, photosensitive unidirectional thyristors 4GD1 and 4GD2, a resistor 4R5, and a varistor 4YR2. In the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), the positive terminal of the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD1 and the negative terminal of the photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD2 are connected to one end of each of the starting capacitors 4C5 and 4C6 and the varistor 4YR2 as the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 The positive terminal of diode 4D1 and the negative terminal of diode 4D2 are both connected to the other end of varistor 4YR2 and one end of resistor 4R5 as the third AC power input terminal (V). S3 The other end of resistor 4R5 serves as the second AC power input terminal (V). S2 The negative terminals of photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD1, diode 4D1, and Zener diode 4WD1 are all connected to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor 4C1 and the other end of starting capacitor 4C6, which serves as the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT The positive terminals of photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 4GD2, Zener diode 4WD1, and diode 4D2 are all connected to the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor 4C1 and the other end of starting capacitor 4C5, which serves as the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DL ); First AC power input terminal (V S1 Connect the external sensor HGX to terminal a, and connect the external sensor HGX to the AC load line N2 to input a low-voltage AC power supply; or replace the adjustable resistor 4RT with the external sensor HGX. The photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) has its internal Zener diode 4WD3 negative terminal connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V DT The positive terminal of Zener diode 4WD3 is connected to the positive terminal of LED 4LED1, the negative terminal of LED 4LED1 is connected to the positive terminal of LED 4LED2, and the negative terminal of LED 4LED2 is connected to one end of photoresistor 4GR1 and starting capacitor 4C2, which serve as the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C1 The other end of the photoresistor 4GR1 is connected to the other end of the starting capacitor 4C2 and one end of the resistor 4R1 to serve as the low-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C2 The other end of resistor 4R1 is connected to one end of adjustable resistor 4RT and serves as the first trigger input (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 One end of the adjustable resistor 4RT is connected to the pull-down drive output terminal (V). DL ).

10. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 9, characterized in that: The high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When a resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected in series between the terminals, it is suitable for the first trigger input terminal (V). i1 The input signal voltage is higher than 1 / 6V. DT The high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When idle, it is applicable to the first trigger input terminal (V) i1 The input signal voltage is greater than 200mV.

11. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 9, characterized in that: Cancel the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), retain the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), use an external light-emitting device to illuminate the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), or use the high and low levels output by the external circuit to connect the two ends of the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), so that the external circuit can directly control the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) to drive the actuator to work.

12. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 9, characterized in that: Replace the Zener diode 4WD3 with a varistor, or connect a fixed resistor or Zener diode in parallel across the two ends of the starting capacitor 4C2. Connect the negative terminal of the Zener diode to the negative terminal of the LED 4LED2, and connect the positive terminal of the Zener diode to the low-level photoelectric control terminal (V). C2 ).

13. A runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM, characterized in that: Includes a photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) and a light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8); the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) i1 ) is used to connect to the output signal of the external sensor, and the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is used to connect to the external sensor output signal. i2 The photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) emits light (G) to illuminate the photosensitive device of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), which is used to control the power supply or de-energization of the controlled rectifier bridge in the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). The positive input terminal of the power supply of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) is connected to the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT ); the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) DL ) and push-up drive output (V DT An external actuator can be connected between the two to control the operation of the controlled electrical appliance. The first AC power input terminal (V) of the optical control bridge drive circuit (8) S1 The external AC load line N2 inputs a low-voltage AC power supply, and the second AC power input terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) is connected to the low-voltage AC power supply. S2 Connect the external AC load line L5 to input low-voltage AC power; The photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) includes LEDs 5LED1 and 5LED2, Zener diode 5WD2, resistor 5R1, varistor 5YR1, photoresistors 5GR1 and 5GR2, starting capacitor 5C2, and LED in optocoupler 5GDH1. The light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) includes diodes 5D1 and 5D2, Zener diode 5WD1, electrolytic capacitor 5C1, starting capacitors 5C5 and 5C6, photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD or photosensitive diode, photosensitive diode or photosensitive unidirectional thyristor in optocoupler 5GDH1, resistor 5R5, and varistor 5YR2. In the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), the positive terminal of diode 5D1 and the negative terminal of diode 5D2 are connected to one end of varistor 5YR2 as the first AC power input terminal (V). S1 In optocoupler 5GDH1, the positive terminal of the photodiode and the negative terminal of the photothyristor 5GD are connected to one end of each of the starting capacitors 5C5 and 5C6 and the resistor 5R5, as well as the other end of the varistor 5YR2, serving as the third AC power input terminal (V). S3 The other end of resistor 5R5 serves as the second AC power input terminal (V). S2 In optocoupler 5GDH1, the negative terminals of the photodiode, diode 5D1, and Zener diode 5WD1 are all connected to the positive terminal of electrolytic capacitor 5C1 and the other end of starting capacitor 5C6. This connection point serves as the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DT The positive terminals of photosensitive unidirectional thyristor 5GD, diode 5D2, and Zener diode 5WD1 are all connected to the negative terminal of electrolytic capacitor 5C1 and the other end of starting capacitor 5C5, which serves as the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8). DL One end of the varistor 5YR1 is connected to the push-drive output terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). DT The other end of the varistor 5YR1 is connected to the positive terminal of the LED in the optocoupler 5GDH1, and the negative terminal of the LED in the optocoupler 5GDH1 is connected to one end of the photoresistor 5GR1 and the starting capacitor 5C2, respectively, as the high-level photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C1 The other end of photoresistor 5GR1 is connected to one end of photoresistor 5GR2, and the other end of photoresistor 5GR2 is connected to the other end of starting capacitor 5C2 and the two positive terminals of light-emitting diodes 5LED1 and 5LED2, which serve as the low-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). C2 The negative terminal of LED 5LED1 is connected to one end of resistor 5R1, and the other end of resistor 5R1 serves as the first trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i1 The negative terminal of LED 5LED2 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode 5WD2, and the positive terminal of Zener diode 5WD2 serves as the second trigger input terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6). i2 ).

14. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 13, characterized in that: The high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When a resistor, varistor, or voltage regulator is connected in series between the terminals, it is suitable for the first trigger input terminal (V). i1 The input signal voltage is higher than 1 / 6V. DT The high-position photoelectric control terminal (V) of the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6) C1 ) and low-position photoelectric control terminal (V C2 When idle, it is applicable to the first trigger input terminal (V) i1 The input signal voltage is greater than 200mV.

15. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 13, characterized in that: Cancel the photoelectric feedback touch circuit (6), retain the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), use an external light-emitting device to illuminate the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), or use the high and low levels output by the external circuit to connect the two ends of the photosensitive device inside the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8), so that the external circuit can directly control the light-controlled bridge drive circuit (8) to drive the actuator to work.

16. The runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM according to claim 13, characterized in that: Replace the varistor 5YR1 with a Zener diode, and connect the negative terminal of the Zener diode to the output terminal of the push-up drive (V). DT The positive terminal of the Zener diode is connected to the positive terminal of the LED in the optocoupler 5GDH1, or a fixed resistor or a varistor is connected in parallel across the two ends of the starting capacitor 5C2.

17. A true safety leakage current protector, comprising a zero-sequence current transformer H, an execution circuit, AC power overvoltage protection and a step-down circuit, characterized in that: It also includes the runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM and sensitivity and safety setting circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 16; the zero-sequence current transformer H is composed of primary coils n1 and n2 and secondary coil n3 and its electromagnet core; the execution circuit includes a start button QD and a relay J, which is composed of a coil core and two sets of normally open contacts; the AC power overvoltage protection and step-down circuit includes a varistor YR, resistors R6 and R7, a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, a fuse RD, and a step-down capacitor C9; the sensitivity and safety setting circuit includes a capacitor C 8 and resistors R8, R9, R10; the circuit connection is as follows: the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H are wound in parallel, and the secondary coil n3 is wound alone on the same electromagnet core. The primary coil n1 is connected in series between AC load lines L1 and L2, the primary coil n2 is connected in series between AC load lines N1 and N2, the a end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of resistor R8, the e end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of each of resistors R9 and R10, and the other end of resistor R8 and one end of capacitor C8 are both connected to the first trigger input terminal (V) of the HAKM drive circuit. i1 The other ends of resistor R9 and capacitor C8 are both connected to the second trigger input (V) of the HAKM driver circuit. i2 The other end of resistor R10 is connected to the pull-down drive output terminal (V) of the HAKM driver circuit. DL ), the first AC power input terminal (V) of the HAKM drive circuit. S1 Connect one end of the AC load line N2 and the varistor YR to the second AC power input terminal (V) of the HAKM drive circuit. S2 The connection point between one end of the step-down capacitor C9 and one end of the resistor R6 serves as the external AC load line L5, inputting low-voltage AC power. The other ends of the step-down capacitor C9 and the resistor R6 are connected to the other end of the varistor YR and one end of the resistor R7. A fuse RD is connected in series between the other end of the resistor R7 and one end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC. The other end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC is connected to the AC load line L2. The two ends of the coil inside the relay J are separately connected across the push-up drive output terminal (V) of the HAKM drive circuit. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL Between the two sets of normally open contacts in relay J, the stationary contact of one set of normally open contacts is connected to the AC power line L, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line L1. The stationary contact of the other set of normally open contacts in relay J is connected to the AC power line N, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line N1. When the start button QD is pressed manually, the AC power line L and the AC load line L1 are connected. At the same time, the AC power line N and the AC load line N1 are also connected.

18. A true safety leakage current protector, comprising a zero-sequence current transformer H1, an execution circuit, an AC power overvoltage protection and step-down circuit, characterized in that: It also includes the runaway prevention drive circuit HAKM and sensitivity and safety setting circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 16; the zero-sequence current transformer H1 is composed of primary coils n1 and n2 and secondary coil n3 and its electromagnet core; the execution circuit includes a start button QD and a relay J1, which is composed of a coil core and two sets of normally open contacts; the AC power overvoltage protection and step-down circuit includes a varistor YR1, resistors R16 and R17, a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC, a fuse RD, and a step-down capacitor C19; the sensitivity and safety setting circuit includes a capacitor. C18 and resistors R18 and R19; the circuit connection is as follows: the primary coils n1 and n2 of the zero-sequence current transformer H1 are wound in parallel, and the secondary coil n3 is wound alone on the same electromagnet core. The primary coil n1 is connected in series between AC load lines L1 and L2, the primary coil n2 is connected in series between AC load lines N1 and N2, the a-end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of resistor R18, and the e-end of the secondary coil n3 is connected to one end of capacitor C18 and AC load line N2. The other ends of resistor R18 and capacitor C18 are connected to the first AC power input terminal (V) of the HAKM drive circuit. S1 One end of the varistor YR1 and the other end of the varistor YR1 and one end of the resistor R17 are connected to one end of the step-down capacitor C19 and the resistor R16. The connection point of the other end of the step-down capacitor C19 and the resistor R16 serves as the external AC load line L5, which is then connected to the second AC power input terminal (V) of the HAKM driver circuit. S2 The input is a low-voltage AC power supply; a fuse RD is connected in series between the other end of resistor R17 and one end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC; the other end of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC is connected to the AC load line L2; and one end of resistor R19 is connected to the first trigger input terminal (V) of the HAKM drive circuit. i1 The other end of resistor R19 is connected to the second trigger input terminal (V) of the HAKM drive circuit. i2 ) and pull-down drive output (V DL The two ends of the coil inside relay J1 are connected separately across the push-drive output terminal (V) of the HAKM drive circuit. DT ) and pull-down drive output (V DL Between the two sets of normally open contacts, the stationary contact of one set of normally open contacts in relay J1 is connected to the AC power line L, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line L1. The stationary contact of the other set of normally open contacts in relay J1 is connected to the AC power line N, and the moving contact is connected to the AC load line N1. When the start button QD is pressed manually, the AC power line L and the AC load line L1 are connected. At the same time, the AC power line N and the AC load line N1 are also connected.

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