A low-level waterproof switch circuit and a vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a low-level waterproof switch circuit and a vehicle, comprising: a main circuit, one end of the main circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the main circuit is provided with a controlled element and a conducting element connected in series; a low-voltage control circuit, connected to the control end of the conducting element, used to control the on and off of the conducting element; a control switch, which is arranged in series on the low-voltage control circuit, used to control the operation of the low-voltage control circuit. The low-level waterproof switch circuit effectively improves the waterproofness and spark-proof performance of the circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of switch circuits, and in particular relates to a low-level waterproof switch circuit and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of people's living standards, electric vehicles have gradually replaced bicycles and integrated into the lives of grassroots people. While they are convenient, some problems also arise. For example, arcing and sparking occur when the switches controlling headlights and horns are actuated. Over time, the switch function fails and even causes a fire. The main reason is that the switch is directly connected to the main battery circuit, and the voltage and current are relatively large. Another example is that in rainy seasons, water entering the switch will cause the controlled components to malfunction, such as flashing lights and turn signals, and honking horns, which bring many inconveniences to users' travel and are even safety hazards. The main reason is that after water enters the switch, the contacts are short-circuited through water, resulting in malfunction of the related control circuits. Therefore, there is an urgent need to use a low-level waterproof switch circuit to prevent ignition and malfunction.

[0003] In order to overcome the above defects, the current waterproof treatment of electric vehicles with switch circuits is mostly focused on the sealing and waterproof performance of the switch itself, and the switch is directly connected in series in the main battery circuit, subject to large voltage and current. In order to improve the sealing and waterproof performance of the switch, sealing rubber pads and waterproof baffles are generally added inside the switch. This improvement has high requirements, is not easy to achieve the expected waterproof effect, and arcing and sparking are common. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the invention aims to propose a low-level waterproof switch circuit and a vehicle to solve the problem that in order to achieve waterproofness in the existing switch circuit, a sealing rubber pad, a waterproof baffle, etc. are generally added inside the switch. However, this improvement has high requirements and is not easy to achieve the expected waterproof effect, and arcing and sparking phenomena are common.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution created by the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] The present invention provides a low-level waterproof switch circuit, comprising:

[0007] - a main circuit, one end of which is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the main circuit is provided with a controlled element and a conducting element connected in series;

[0008] - a low voltage control circuit, connected to the control end of the conducting element, for controlling the on and off of the conducting element;

[0009] - A control switch is arranged in series on the low voltage control circuit to control the operation of the low voltage control circuit.

[0010] Furthermore, the conduction element is a PNP MOS tube, the gate of the MOS tube is connected to the low voltage control circuit, the source of the MOS tube is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the drain is connected to the controlled element.

[0011] Further, the low voltage control circuit includes a branch 1 and a branch 2 connected in parallel, wherein the branch 1 includes a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a transistor Q2, and a control switch, one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the control switch, and the other end of the control switch is connected to the negative electrode of the battery;

[0012] The circuit between the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube through a conductor;

[0013] Branch 2 includes resistor R1 and Zener diode ZD1. One end of resistor R1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the cathode of Zener diode ZD1. The anode of Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery:

[0014] A connecting circuit is also provided on the circuit between the resistor R1 and the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1, and the other end of the connecting circuit is connected to the base of the transistor Q2.

[0015] Furthermore, the negative electrode of the battery is grounded.

[0016] Another aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle, wherein the low-level waterproof switch circuit described in any one of the first aspects above is adopted in the switch circuit of the vehicle.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the low-level waterproof switch circuit and the vehicle created by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0018] (1) The present invention creates the low-level waterproof switch circuit, which filters out the water ingress state of the switch, and controls the on / off state of the MOS tube Q1 through the triode Q2, thereby controlling the speakers, lights and other components at the rear end, effectively solving the waterproof problem of the circuit. The switch can work normally even if it is flooded or immersed in water. Since VCC, R1, ZD1, R2, R3 and Q2 form a linear power supply with a voltage value of 0.4V, the current can be adjusted to be less than 2mA, that is, the voltage across the switch SW and the current flowing through are small, so there is no sparking phenomenon.

[0019] (2) The vehicle created by the present invention can be a circuit used in transportation by applying a low-level waterproof switch circuit, which has good waterproof and spark-proof effects and increases the safety of the use of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings constituting part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 The invention creates a low-level waterproof switch circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of a low-level waterproof switch circuit described in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0025] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments.

[0027] Embodiment 1 provides a low-level waterproof switch circuit, such as Figure 1As shown, the water inflow state of the switch is filtered out, and its open and closed state is controlled by the triode Q2 to control the conduction and disconnection of the MOS tube Q1, thereby controlling the controlled components such as the speakers and lights at the back end, effectively solving the waterproof problem of the circuit. The switch is flooded or even immersed in water, and the waterproof circuit system can work normally; since the positive electrode of the battery VCC, R1, ZD1, R2, R3, and Q2 form a linear power supply with a voltage value of 0.4V, the current can be adjusted to be less than 2mA, that is, the voltage across the switch SW and the current flowing through are small, so there is no sparking phenomenon.

[0028] The switching circuit specifically includes:

[0029] A main circuit, one end of the main circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the battery. The main circuit is provided with a controlled element and a conducting element connected in series;

[0030] A low voltage control circuit is connected to the control end of the conducting element and is used to control the on and off of the conducting element;

[0031] The control switch is arranged in series on the low voltage control circuit and is used to control the operation of the low voltage control circuit.

[0032] The conduction element is a PNP MOS tube, the gate of the MOS tube is connected to the low voltage control circuit, the source of the MOS tube is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the drain is connected to the controlled element.

[0033] The low voltage control circuit comprises a branch 1 and a branch 2 connected in parallel, wherein the branch 1 comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a transistor Q2, and a control switch, one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the control switch, and the other end of the control switch is connected to the negative electrode of the battery;

[0034] The circuit between the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube through a conductor;

[0035] Branch 2 includes resistor R1 and Zener diode ZD1. One end of resistor R1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the cathode of Zener diode ZD1. The anode of Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery:

[0036] A connecting circuit is also provided on the circuit between the resistor R1 and the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1, and the other end of the connecting circuit is connected to the base of the transistor Q2.

[0037] The negative electrode of the battery is grounded.

[0038] Controlled Components( Figure 1 (represented by controlled components in the text) including but not limited to speakers, lights, sensors, controllers and other electronic components.

[0039] The above scheme will be further explained below by taking the headlight as an example, and the relevant principles of the spark-proof and waterproof functions of the switching circuit will also be further elaborated.

[0040] As Figure 2 shown, LAMP represents the headlight, where VCC, R1, ZD1, R2, R3, and Q2 form a large internal resistance linear power supply Ps with a voltage value V' = 0.4V. Taking a 60V battery as an example, the supply current of this linear power supply is not greater than 2mA.

[0041] Principle of spark-proof function:

[0042] The switch SW serves as the load of the linear power supply Ps, and the voltage across both ends and the current flowing through it are relatively small, so there is no sparking phenomenon.

[0043] Principle of waterproof function:

[0044] This low-level waterproof switching circuit converts the on / off state of the switch SW into the output or non-output of the linear power supply Ps, and then controls the conduction and disconnection of the MOS transistor Q1 to turn on or off the headlight LAMP. Taking a 60V battery as an example, the details are as follows:

[0045] State 1: When the switch SW is closed, the output voltage of the linear power supply Ps is zero, Q2 is saturated and conducting, and the voltage across R2, VR2 = VCC × R2 / (R2 + R3) ≈ 8.7V, which is greater than the gate threshold voltage Vgs(th) of the MOS transistor, that is, VR2 > Vgs(th), causing the MOS transistor Q1 to conduct and turn on the headlight.

[0046] State 2: When the switch SW is closed and water enters, the operation of the circuit system is the same as in State 1, the MOS transistor Q1 conducts, and the headlight is turned on.

[0047] State 3: When the switch SW is open, the linear power supply Ps has no output, and no current flows through the resistors R2 and R3. The voltage across the resistor R2, VR2 = 0, which is less than the gate threshold voltage Vgs(th) of the MOS transistor, that is, VR2 < Vgs(th), and the MOS transistor Q1 is turned off, and the headlight is turned off.

[0048] State 4: When the switch SW is open and water enters, due to the large resistance RW of the water body, usually above 10Kohm, the output current I of the linear power supply Ps ≤ V' / Rw = 0.4 / 10K = 0.04mA, and the voltage across the resistor R2, VR2 = I × R2 ≤ 0.04 × 5.1K = 0.2V, which is less than the gate threshold voltage Vgs(th) of the MOS transistor, that is, VR2 < Vgs(th), and the MOS transistor Q1 is turned off, and the headlight is turned off, the same as in State 3, that is, the expected waterproof effect is achieved.

[0049] Another aspect of the invention provides a vehicle, the switch circuit of which adopts the low-level waterproof switch circuit described in any of the above embodiments, which can be applied to the switch control of controlled components such as speakers and lights, and has good spark prevention and waterproof effects.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-level waterproof switch circuit, characterized in that: include: - a main circuit, one end of which is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the main circuit is provided with a controlled element and a conducting element connected in series; - a low voltage control circuit, connected to the control end of the conducting element, for controlling the on and off of the conducting element; - a control switch, which is arranged in series on the low voltage control circuit and is used to control the operation of the low voltage control circuit; the conduction element is a PNP type MOS tube, the gate of the MOS tube is connected to the low voltage control circuit, the source of the MOS tube is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the drain is connected to the controlled element; The low voltage control circuit comprises a branch 1 and a branch 2 connected in parallel, wherein the branch 1 comprises a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a transistor Q2, and a control switch, one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the transistor Q2, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the control switch, and the other end of the control switch is connected to the negative electrode of the battery; The circuit between the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 is connected to the gate of the MOS tube through a conductor; Branch 2 includes resistor R1 and Zener diode ZD1. One end of resistor R1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other end is connected to the cathode of Zener diode ZD1. The anode of Zener diode ZD1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery: A connecting circuit is also provided on the circuit between the resistor R1 and the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1, and the other end of the connecting circuit is connected to the base of the transistor Q2.

2. The low-level waterproof switch circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative terminal of the battery is grounded.

3. A means of transport, characterized in that: The low-level waterproof switch circuit of claim 1 is used in the switch circuit of the vehicle.

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