A dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and provides a dielectric resonator antenna, including: a copper-clad base plate, a feed microstrip line and an induction slot are arranged on the copper-clad base plate, the feed microstrip line is connected to the induction slot, and is used to provide an excitation source for the induction slot; a dielectric resonator is arranged on the induction slot, and a plurality of air holes are arranged on the top of the dielectric resonator, and the depth of the plurality of air holes gradually decreases from the central area to the edge area of ​​the air hole distribution. In the actual application process, by drilling holes inside the dielectric resonator, air with a lower dielectric constant is introduced to achieve the purpose of reducing the dielectric constant. After adopting a dielectric resonator with a higher dielectric constant, the increase in the quality factor caused by the increase in the dielectric constant can also be avoided, so as to ensure that the dielectric resonator antenna has a wider bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a dielectric resonator antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the development of technology, the usage of mobile data has also increased dramatically, which will further lead to the problem of insufficient wireless spectrum resources. However, broadband wireless communication technology has become an effective way to solve the current shortage of wireless spectrum resources due to its high transmission rate and large information capacity, and has therefore developed rapidly. For broadband systems, the wider the bandwidth of the antenna, the fewer antennas can be used, thereby reducing the cost of the broadband system.

[0003] The rapid development of 5G technology, the Internet of Things, and unmanned driving, as well as the diversification of application scenarios, have put higher and higher requirements on the performance indicators of antennas in various aspects. Especially in the stage of rapid development of high-frequency millimeter wave and terahertz technology, the conductor loss of metal antennas in high frequency bands has seriously limited their radiation efficiency and application scope. For example, although the size of microstrip antennas radiating through two narrow gaps can be controlled by selecting different dielectric substrates, their high processing tolerance and the large loss of metal at high frequencies (such as millimeter wave and terahertz bands) seriously affect their miniaturization and bandwidth increase. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to meet the bandwidth requirements of high-frequency millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, an embodiment of the present application provides a dielectric resonator antenna.

[0005] A dielectric resonator antenna comprises: a copper-clad base plate, on which a feeding microstrip line and an induction slot are arranged, wherein the feeding microstrip line is connected to the induction slot and is used to provide an excitation source for the induction slot;

[0006] A dielectric resonator is arranged on the induction slot, a plurality of air holes are arranged on the top of the dielectric resonator, and the depths of the plurality of air holes gradually decrease from the central area to the edge area where the air holes are distributed.

[0007] Optionally, the sensing slot is a rectangular slot, and the length of the rectangular slot is L a , width W a , and L a =λ g ,

[0008]

[0009] Among them, λ 0 is the wavelength of free space at the center frequency of the resonance produced by the rectangular slot, ε eff is the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator, λ gis the guided wavelength after taking into account the effective dielectric constant in the dielectric resonator antenna.

[0010] Optionally, the length L of the rectangular groove a =13mm, width W a =5mm.

[0011] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the copper substrate is 3.0 and the thickness is 0.762 mm.

[0012] Optionally, an end of the feeding microstrip line 11 is connected to a center position of the sensing slot 12 .

[0013] Optionally, the multiple air holes are centrally symmetrically distributed on the top of the dielectric resonator, and the multiple air holes at the same distance from the symmetry point have the same depth.

[0014] Optionally, the dielectric resonator is divided into a plurality of hole layers from top to bottom, and the depth difference between the plurality of air holes is an integer multiple of the hole layer height.

[0015] Optionally, the plurality of air holes in the same hole layer are divided into a plurality of unit honeycombs, and the diameter and hole spacing of the air holes in the same unit honeycomb satisfy the following relationship:

[0016]

[0017] in, is the filling factor of the unit cell, s is the distance between adjacent air holes, and d is the diameter of the air hole.

[0018] Optionally, each of the multiple hole layers is distributed with air holes, and the number of the hole layers is.

[0019] Optionally, the dielectric resonator is a cylinder with a height of 3.8 mm and a diameter of 4 mm.

[0020] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the present application provides a dielectric resonator antenna, comprising: a copper-clad base plate, on which a feeding microstrip line and an induction slot are arranged, and the feeding microstrip line is connected to the induction slot to provide an excitation source for the induction slot; a dielectric resonator is arranged on the induction slot, and a plurality of air holes are arranged on the top of the dielectric resonator, and the depth of the plurality of air holes gradually decreases from the central area to the edge area where the air holes are distributed.

[0021] In actual application, holes are drilled inside the dielectric resonator to introduce air with a lower dielectric constant to achieve the purpose of reducing the dielectric constant. After using a dielectric resonator with a higher dielectric constant, the increase in the quality factor caused by the increase in the dielectric constant can also be avoided, thereby ensuring that the dielectric resonator antenna produces a wider bandwidth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dielectric resonator antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding microstrip line and the induction slot provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the side view structure of the hole layer of the dielectric resonator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a top view of the hole layer structure of a dielectric resonator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a unit cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a bandwidth comparison diagram of the dielectric resonator antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application with and without air holes.

[0029] In the figure, 1-copper clad substrate, 11-feeding microstrip line, 12-inductive slot, 2-dielectric resonator, 21-air hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to meet the bandwidth requirements of high-frequency millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, the present application embodiment provides a dielectric resonator antenna. Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dielectric resonator antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application. The dielectric resonator antenna comprises a copper-clad substrate 1, on which a feeding microstrip line 11 and a sensing slot 12 are arranged, the feeding microstrip line 11 is connected to the sensing slot 12 to provide an excitation source for the sensing slot 12, and a dielectric resonator 2 is arranged on the sensing slot 12.

[0031] The dielectric resonator 2 is cylindrical in shape and is disposed on a copper-clad substrate 1 with an induction slot 12. A feeding microstrip line 11 is disposed on the other side of the copper-clad substrate 1 as an excitation source. The dielectric constant of the copper-clad substrate 1 is 3.0 and the thickness is 0.762 mm. The induction slot 12 is etched on the copper-clad substrate 1.

[0032] The cylindrical dielectric resonator 2 is directly arranged on the induction slot 12, which can effectively prevent the feeding microstrip line 11 from directly exciting other coupling or false radiation generated by the dielectric resonator 2. Specifically, the end of the feeding microstrip line 11 is connected to the center of the induction slot 12, and the feeding microstrip line 11 generates the maximum current at the open end at the end to excite the center of the dielectric resonator 2, thereby generating a strong magnetic coupling. At the same time, the dielectric resonator 2 itself also generates a resonance, which can further expand the bandwidth.

[0033] The sensing slot 12 is a rectangular slot, and the length and width of the rectangular slot satisfy the following relationship:

[0034] L a =λ g ;

[0035]

[0036] λ 0 is the wavelength of free space at the center frequency of the resonance produced by the rectangular slot, ε eff is the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator, λ g In the dielectric resonator antenna, the guided wave wavelength after considering the effective dielectric constant, specifically, in some embodiments of the present application, the length of the sensing slot 12 is set to L a =13mm, width is set to W a =5mm.

[0037] When the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator 2 is too small, the ability of the dielectric resonator 12 to collect and store energy will be destroyed, so in order to generate strong electrical coupling between the feed source and the dielectric resonator 2, the dielectric resonator 2 must be made of a material with a higher dielectric constant. However, according to the ratio transformation principle, when an antenna conforms to the ratio change principle, it has broadband characteristics.

[0038]

[0039] Where Q is the quality factor of the dielectric resonator 2, ε 0 is the initial dielectric constant of dielectric resonator 2, is the filling factor of the dielectric resonator 2 with the air holes 21 , Stored Energy represents the stored energy, Radiated Power represents the radiated power, Volume represents the volume of the dielectric resonator 2 , and Surface represents the area of ​​the top of the mechanical resonator 2 .

[0040] Therefore, when the dielectric constant increases, its quality factor Q also increases, resulting in more electromagnetic energy being trapped inside the dielectric resonator 2 and unable to be effectively radiated, ultimately causing the bandwidth generated by the antenna to become narrower.

[0041] In order to solve this technical problem, in the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of air holes 21 are provided on the top of the dielectric resonator 2, and air with a lower dielectric constant is introduced by drilling holes inside the dielectric resonator 2 to reduce the dielectric constant ε. eff For example Figure 3 , which is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the hole layer of the dielectric resonator provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 In the figure, A1 to A4 respectively represent the distribution states of the air holes 21 of the four hole layers. From the central area to the edge area of ​​the distribution of the air holes 21, the depth of the plurality of air holes 21 gradually decreases, so that the amount of air introduced gradually decreases from the top to the bottom of the dielectric resonator 2, thereby making the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator 2 at different heights change in an orderly manner. According to the ratio transformation principle, when an antenna conforms to the ratio change principle, it has a broadband characteristic.

[0042] It should be noted that, for the convenience of description, the present application refers to the end of the dielectric resonator 2 away from the copper-clad base plate 1 as the top, and the end close to the copper-clad base plate 1 as the bottom.

[0043] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the unit honeycomb provided in the embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments of the present application, the multiple air holes 21 of the same hole layer are divided into multiple unit honeycombs, and the diameter and hole spacing of the air holes 21 of the same unit honeycomb satisfy the following relationship:

[0044]

[0045] in, is the filling factor of the unit honeycomb, s is the distance between adjacent air holes 21 , and d is the diameter of the air hole 21 .

[0046] Specifically, the filling factor of a unit cell satisfies Among them, A 0 is the area of ​​the hole, and A is the area of ​​the unit cell. By simplification, the filling factor of a rectangular grid can be written as:

[0047]

[0048] The effective dielectric constant ε of the dielectric resonator 2 after the air hole 21 is opened can be calculated by the initial formula of the static capacitive model: eff :

[0049]

[0050] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, the dielectric resonator 2 is a cylinder with a height of 3.8 mm and a diameter of 4 mm.

[0051] Further, such as Figure 4 , which is a schematic diagram of a top view of the hole layer structure of a dielectric resonator provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 In the figure, A1 to A4 respectively represent the distribution states of the air holes 21 of the four hole layers. In some embodiments of the present application, the multiple air holes 21 are centrally symmetrically distributed on the top of the dielectric resonator 2, and the depths of the multiple air holes 21 at the same distance from the symmetry point are the same, wherein the symmetry point refers to the geometric center of the distribution of the air holes 21 on the top plane of the dielectric resonator 2.

[0052] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, the dielectric resonator 2 is divided into multiple hole layers from top to bottom, and the depth difference between the multiple air holes 21 is an integer multiple of the hole layer height, that is, the depth of the air hole 21 will reach the bottom of a certain hole layer and will not be at an intermediate height in the middle. Each of the multiple hole layers is distributed with air holes 21, and the number of the hole layers is 4.

[0053] In order to more clearly illustrate the effect of a dielectric resonator provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 6 As shown, it is a bandwidth comparison diagram of the dielectric resonator antenna with air holes and without air holes provided in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the horizontal axis is the antenna radiation frequency, the vertical axis is the horizontal directional diagram S11 representing the antenna radiation performance, the solid line portion is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the bandwidth and frequency of the dielectric resonator antenna after the introduction of the air hole 21, and the dotted line portion is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the bandwidth and frequency of the dielectric resonator antenna without air holes. It can be concluded from the figure that when the dielectric resonator antenna introduces the air hole 21, when the reflection coefficient is -9dB (the horizontal dotted line in the figure), the bandwidth is optimized from 18.2 (the position indicated in the figure at 18.28) to 33GHz to 13 (the position indicated in the figure at 12.9) to 33GHz, and the bandwidth is increased by nearly 5GHz. Therefore, the data shows that the design scheme of this patent has a significant effect on increasing the bandwidth.

[0054] It can be seen from the above technical solution that an embodiment of the present application provides a dielectric resonator antenna, comprising: a copper-clad base plate 1, on which a feeding microstrip line 11 and a sensing slot 12 are arranged, and the feeding microstrip line 11 is connected to the sensing slot 12 to provide an excitation source for the sensing slot 12; a dielectric resonator 2 is arranged on the sensing slot 12, and a plurality of air holes 21 are arranged on the top of the dielectric resonator 2, and the depth of the plurality of air holes 21 gradually decreases from the central area where the air holes 21 are distributed to the edge area.

[0055] In actual application, holes are drilled inside the dielectric resonator 2 to introduce air with a lower dielectric constant so as to reduce the dielectric constant. After adopting the dielectric resonator 2 with a higher dielectric constant, the increase in the quality factor caused by the increase in the dielectric constant can also be avoided, thereby ensuring that the dielectric resonator antenna produces a wider bandwidth.

[0056] The present application is described in detail above in conjunction with specific implementation methods and exemplary examples, but these descriptions cannot be understood as limiting the present application. Those skilled in the art understand that, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, a variety of equivalent replacements, modifications or improvements can be made to the technical solution of the present application and its implementation methods, all of which fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A dielectric resonator antenna, characterized in that: include: A copper-clad base plate (1), wherein a feeding microstrip line (11) and an induction slot (12) are provided on the copper-clad base plate (1), wherein the feeding microstrip line (11) is connected to the induction slot (12) and is used to provide an excitation source for the induction slot (12); A dielectric resonator (2) is arranged on the induction slot (12), a plurality of air holes (21) are arranged on the top of the dielectric resonator (2), and the depth of the plurality of air holes (21) gradually decreases from a central area to an edge area where the air holes (21) are distributed, so that the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator (2) gradually increases from the central area to the edge area; The plurality of air holes (21) are centrally symmetrically distributed on the top of the dielectric resonator (2), and the depths of the plurality of air holes (21) at the same distance from the symmetrical point are the same; The dielectric resonator (2) is divided into a plurality of hole layers from top to bottom, and the depth difference between the plurality of air holes (21) is an integer multiple of the hole layer height; The plurality of air holes (21) in the same hole layer are divided into a plurality of unit honeycombs, and the diameter and hole spacing of the air holes (21) in the same unit honeycomb satisfy the following relationship: in, is the filling factor of the unit cell, s is the distance between adjacent air holes (21), and d is the diameter of the air hole (21).

2. A dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing slot (12) is a rectangular slot, and the length of the rectangular slot is L a , width W a , and L a =λ g , Where λ0 is the wavelength of free space at the center frequency of the resonance produced by the rectangular slot, and ε eff is the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator, λ g is the guided wavelength after taking into account the effective dielectric constant in the dielectric resonator antenna.

3. A dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The length L of the rectangular groove a =13mm, width W a =5mm.

4. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the copper base plate (1) is 3.0 and the thickness is 0.762 mm.

5. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the feeding microstrip line (11) is connected to the center position of the sensing slot (12).

6. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the plurality of hole layers is distributed with air holes (21), and the number of the hole layers is 4.

7. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric resonator (2) is a cylinder with a height of 3.8 mm and a diameter of 4 mm.

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