A composite ecological purification system and purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal

Abstract

The present invention discloses a composite ecological purification system for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The system is a box-shaped structure, the outer periphery of which is an ecological filter bed structure connected on all sides, the middle of which is an empty cavity, and an aerated sink bed system is arranged in the empty cavity. The ecological filter bed structure includes a three-layer structure of a lower phosphorus removal layer, a middle quality removal layer and an upper structure. The upper layer is provided with a water inlet device system, an aeration device system and a vegetation layer. The aerated sink bed system includes a sink bed system and a microporous aeration disc, wherein the sink bed system is installed on the inner wall of the ecological filter bed structure, and the microporous aeration disc is suspended below the sink bed system. This system is placed in a polluted river or lake, and sewage enters the ecological filter bed structure from the water inlet device system, flows through the vegetation layer, the quality removal layer and the phosphorus removal layer in turn for preliminary purification, and then enters the empty cavity for further purification, and the treated water overflows from the upper overflow weir. This system can efficiently remove nitrogen and phosphorus, and is convenient for management and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and specifically is a composite ecological purification system for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Background Art

[0002] With the progress of society, the quality of river water is deteriorating, and the phenomenon of black and smelly water is getting worse. The formation of black and smelly water is mainly due to eutrophication of water bodies, which makes the nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body exceed the amount that the water body can accommodate, and cannot be effectively purified. If the nutrients in the water body exceed the standard for a long time and accumulate to a certain extent, it will cause algae to multiply in large numbers, consume dissolved oxygen in the water body, and thus reduce the transparency of the water body. In severe cases, it will cause the death of a large number of aquatic animals, deteriorate water quality, and affect the good cycle of the ecosystem.

[0003] At present, the main natural water purification methods in my country are divided into chemical methods, physical methods and biological methods, among which biological methods are the most widely implemented. Among the biological methods, the artificial floating island water purification method is widely used. This method uses aquatic plants planted on artificial floating islands to purify water quality. Its purification effect is limited, especially the removal efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements is not high. The transfer of nitrogen and phosphorus elements can be quickly achieved through the enrichment and absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by microorganisms, but traditional microbial phosphorus removal requires the transfer of phosphorus elements through the discharge of sludge. Due to the lack of carbon elements in the river channel and the fact that the remaining sludge will directly become bottom mud, it cannot achieve the effect of efficient phosphorus removal. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite ecological purification system for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal, which has a certain landscape effect while treating polluted rivers or lakes. The system is efficient, highly operable, easy to maintain, and has a good purification effect on nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A composite ecological purification system for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal, the system is a box-shaped structure, the outer periphery of which is an ecological filter bed structure connected on all sides, the middle is an empty cavity, and an aerated bed system is arranged in the empty cavity, wherein:

[0007] The ecological filter bed structure includes three layers: upper, middle and lower. The lower layer is a phosphorus removal layer, the middle layer is a mass removal layer, the upper layer is provided with a water inlet device system and an aeration device system, and the rest of the upper layer is provided with a vegetation layer.

[0008] The aerated sedimentation bed system comprises a sedimentation bed system and a microporous aeration disc, wherein the sedimentation bed system is installed on the inner wall of the ecological filter bed structure, and the microporous aeration disc is suspended below the sedimentation bed system.

[0009] A phosphorus removal layer sieve plate is provided between the phosphorus removal layer and the mass removal layer, and a mass removal layer sieve plate is provided between the vegetation layer and the mass removal layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the phosphorus removal layer is filled with a phosphorus removal matrix filler with a spherical porous structure and placed in a drawer-type material box for easy cleaning and replacement; the main function of the phosphorus removal layer is to absorb phosphorus in sewage.

[0011] Furthermore, the decontamination layer is filled with one or more of expanded clay, small pebbles or zeolites and placed in a drawer-type material box for easy cleaning and replacement; the main function of the decontamination layer is to filter impurities, preliminarily purify water quality, reduce the processing load of the phosphorus removal layer, and improve the phosphorus absorption effect.

[0012] Furthermore, the vegetation layer is planted with floating-leaf plants with good water purification effect and small leaves. Specifically, one or more of Nymphoides, Water Chestnut or Myriophyllum indica can be selected.

[0013] The water inlet device system comprises a protection cabinet, a water inlet pump is arranged in the protection cabinet, and the water inlet pump is equipped with inlet and outlet pipes.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a battery and a relay are further installed inside the protection cabinet.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a solar panel is further installed on the upper surface of the protection cabinet.

[0016] The aeration device system comprises a protection plate, on which an oxygenation pump is arranged and an air guide pipe is configured, and the air guide pipe connects the oxygenation pump with the microporous aeration disc.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a solar panel is further installed above the protective plate of the aeration device system.

[0018] The submerged bed system comprises an artificial carrier filling frame, a submerged plant planting tray and a submerged bed frame, and the submerged plant planting tray and the artificial carrier filling frame are fixedly installed in the submerged bed frame and are staggeredly distributed.

[0019] Furthermore, the sinker system is installed on the inner wall of the ecological filter bed structure with the help of a sinker frame. The sinker system is located below the water surface, and its depth is determined according to the water level.

[0020] Furthermore, the submerged plant planting tray is filled with a matrix, and one or more submerged plants with strong pollution resistance and good nitrogen and phosphorus absorption effects are planted on the matrix.

[0021] Furthermore, the artificial carrier filler frame is filled with artificial carrier fillers that can provide good attachment conditions for microorganisms. The artificial carrier fillers can specifically domesticate characteristic microorganisms through the oxygen conditions provided by the microporous aeration disk to enhance the denitrification capacity.

[0022] The microporous aeration disc is suspended below the sedimentation bed system through a fixed chain.

[0023] A plurality of self-flowing holes are arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the dephosphorization layer.

[0024] An overflow weir is arranged on the upper layer of the ecological filter bed structure.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ecological filter bed structure is square, and the water inlet device system and the aeration device system are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the upper layer.

[0026] Another aspect of the present invention provides a composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal, using the above composite ecological purification system, the purification method comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: placing the assembled composite ecological purification system in a polluted water source, turning on the water inlet pump to pump the sewage into the vegetation layer on the upper layer of the ecological filter bed through the water inlet and outlet pipes; the sewage is preliminarily treated after passing through the vegetation layer, the quality removal layer and the phosphorus removal layer in sequence;

[0028] Step 2: The water after preliminary treatment is discharged from the gravity holes on the inner side of the bottom of the phosphorus removal layer to the middle vacant cavity; the aeration device system works, the aeration pump intermittently aerates and intermittently aerates through the microporous aeration disk to create an aerobic and anoxic environment, thereby domesticating the nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the artificial carrier filler frame to form a biofilm;

[0029] Step 3: Under the combined action of the biofilm in the submerged plant planting tray and the artificial carrier filler frame, the water body is denitrified and the nutrients are removed;

[0030] Step 4: The treated water inside the vacant cavity overflows from the overflow weir on the upper layer.

[0031] The composite ecological purification system and purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. This system combines ecological filter bed structure, submerged plants and artificial carrier fillers together. The sewage is first purified by impurities and dephosphorized through the ecological filter bed structure, which is more in line with the submerged plants' demand for transparency. At the same time, the vegetation layer of the ecological filter bed structure selects floating-leaf plants with smaller leaves, which will not hinder the submerged plants' demand for sunlight and maximize the normal growth of submerged plants.

[0033] 2. This system is equipped with solar panels, which use solar energy to drive the water inlet pump and oxygenation pump for water intake and oxygenation, and use the overflow weir for water discharge, which is energy-saving, environmentally friendly and low-cost.

[0034] 3. This system utilizes the phosphorus removal layer matrix to better absorb and remove phosphorus, and domesticates characteristic microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria through artificial carrier fillers. At the same time, it combines the absorption and purification of pollutants by submerged plants to more efficiently remove nitrogen and phosphorus.

[0035] 4. The phosphorus removal layer and quality removal layer of this system are stored in drawer-type material boxes, which are convenient for replacement and the phosphorus removal effect is continuous and stable. The entire system is easy to operate, runs efficiently, and is easy to manage and maintain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure:

[0040] 1. Phosphorus removal layer; 2. Phosphorus removal layer sieve plate; 3. Material removal layer; 4. Material removal layer sieve plate; 5. Water inlet device system; 6. Aeration device system; 7. Vegetation layer; 8. Submerged bed system; 9. Microporous aeration disc; 10. Overflow weir; 101. Artesian hole; 501. Protective cabinet; 502. Inlet and outlet pipes; 503. Solar panel; 504. Water inlet pump; 601. Protective plate; 602. Air guide pipe; 603. Solar panel; 604. Oxygenation pump; 801. Artificial carrier filling frame; 802. Submerged plant planting tray; 803. Submerged bed frame; 901. Fixed chain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0042] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a composite ecological purification system for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The system is a box-shaped structure, the periphery of which is an ecological filter bed structure connected on all sides, and an empty cavity is formed in the middle. An aerated bed system is arranged in the empty cavity, wherein:

[0043] The ecological filter bed structure includes an upper, middle and lower three-layer structure, wherein the lower layer is a phosphorus removal layer 1, the middle layer is a mass removal layer 3, the upper layer is provided with a water inlet device system 5 and an aeration device system 6, and the rest of the upper layer is provided with a vegetation layer 7;

[0044] The aerated sedimentation bed system includes a sedimentation bed system 8 and a microporous aeration disc 9 , wherein the sedimentation bed system 8 is installed on the inner wall of the ecological filter bed structure, and the microporous aeration disc 9 is suspended below the sedimentation bed system 8 .

[0045] Furthermore, a phosphorus removal layer sieve plate 2 is provided between the phosphorus removal layer 1 and the mass removal layer 3 , and a mass removal layer sieve plate 4 is provided between the vegetation layer 7 and the mass removal layer 3 .

[0046] In this embodiment, the material of the phosphorus removal layer sieve plate 2 and the mass removal layer sieve plate 4 is selected from anti-corrosion materials such as stainless steel and plastic.

[0047] Furthermore, the phosphorus removal layer 1 is filled with a phosphorus removal matrix filler and placed in a drawer-type material box for easy cleaning and replacement; preferably, the phosphorus removal matrix filler is a spherical porous structure with a large specific surface area, and its main function is to absorb phosphorus in sewage.

[0048] Furthermore, the decontamination layer 3 is filled with one or more of expanded clay, small pebbles or zeolites and placed in a drawer-type material box for easy cleaning and replacement; the main function of the decontamination layer 3 is to filter impurities and preliminarily purify water quality to reduce the processing load of the phosphorus removal layer 1 and improve the phosphorus absorption effect.

[0049] Furthermore, the vegetation layer 7 is planted with floating-leaf plants with better water purification effect and smaller leaves to avoid large leaves blocking the water surface of the empty cavity, thereby ensuring the photosynthesis of submerged plants; specifically, the floating-leaf plants can be selected from one or more of water chestnuts, water hyacinth or pink-green foxtail algae, and their roots can be fixed by, for example, a mesh material.

[0050] The water inlet device system 5 includes a protective cabinet 501, and a water inlet pump 504 is arranged inside the protective cabinet 501. The water inlet pump 504 is equipped with an inlet and outlet pipe 502. The water inlet pump 504 is started to pump sewage into the ecological filter bed structure through the inlet and outlet pipe 502 for purification.

[0051] In this embodiment, preferably, electrical equipment such as batteries and relays (not shown in the figure) are installed inside the protection cabinet, and a solar panel 503 is installed on the upper surface of the protection cabinet.

[0052] In this embodiment, the water inlet device system 5 is powered by solar panels. Specifically, a solar panel 503 is installed on the upper surface of the protective cabinet 501, and the solar panel 503 is electrically connected to the water inlet pump 504 and electrical equipment such as batteries and relays (not shown in the figure) inside the protective cabinet 501; in this embodiment, the top of the solar panel 503 should be avoided from being blocked by floating leaf plants so that it can make full use of solar energy and convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in the battery, so that the water inlet pump 504 can be started when needed to pump sewage into the ecological filter bed structure for purification, and the relay is used to control the water inlet time and interval time to adjust the water inlet amount to ensure the response time.

[0053] In this embodiment, a setting of 4 hours of water inlet time and 4 hours of interval time is adopted to maintain a small flow of water inlet to ensure the reaction time.

[0054] The aeration device system 6 includes a protective plate 601 , on which an oxygenation pump 604 is disposed and an air guide pipe 602 is configured. The air guide pipe 602 connects the oxygenation pump 604 with the microporous aeration disk 9 .

[0055] In this embodiment, preferably, the aeration device system 6 works in a manner of solar panel function. Specifically, a solar panel 603 is arranged above the protective plate 601, and the oxygen pump 604 is placed in a combined space between the solar panel 603 and the protective plate 601. The solar panel 603 is electrically connected to the oxygen pump 604, and the solar panel 603 supplies energy to drive the oxygen pump 604 to work.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the submerged bed system 8 includes an artificial carrier filling frame 801, a submerged plant planting tray 802 and a submerged bed frame 803, and the submerged plant planting tray 802 and the artificial carrier filling frame 801 are fixedly installed in the submerged bed frame 803 and are staggeredly distributed.

[0057] Furthermore, the sinker system 8 is installed on the inner wall of the ecological filter bed structure with the help of the sinker frame 803. Specifically, it can be installed by welding, bolt fixing, hook fixing, etc. In this embodiment, the hook fixing method is selected to facilitate the adjustment of the depth of the sinker system 8 in the water.

[0058] Furthermore, the sinker system 8 is located below the water surface, and its depth is determined according to the water level. Specifically, when the water transparency is good, the sinker system is preferably located 0.8-1.2 meters below the water surface.

[0059] Furthermore, the submerged plant planting tray 802 is filled with a matrix such as planting soil and expanded clay, and one or more submerged plants with strong pollution resistance and good nitrogen and phosphorus absorption effects are planted on the matrix, such as duckweed, black algae, and Vallisneria.

[0060] Furthermore, the artificial carrier filler frame 801 is filled with artificial carrier fillers that can provide good attachment conditions for microorganisms, such as bionic water plants, carbon fibers, etc. And the artificial carrier fillers can specifically domesticate characteristic microorganisms through the oxygen conditions provided by the microporous aeration disk 9 to enhance the denitrification capacity.

[0061] The microporous aeration disc 9 is suspended below the sink frame 803 via a fixed chain 901 , and intermittent aeration is achieved by controlling the working time and interval time of the oxygenation pump 604 .

[0062] In this embodiment, the characteristic microorganisms are mainly nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and the aeration interval is 4-6 hours.

[0063] A plurality of gravity holes 101 are provided on the inner side of the bottom of the phosphorus removal layer 1. The sewage is pumped into the upper vegetation layer 7 of the ecological filter bed structure by the water inlet device system 5, flows from the upper vegetation layer 7 through the middle quality removal layer 3 to the lower phosphorus removal layer 1, and then flows from the gravity holes 101 into the empty cavity for further treatment.

[0064] In this embodiment, the number of the self-flowing holes 101 is two. However, it should be understood that the number of the self-flowing holes 101 is not limited to two, and three, four or more are also applicable.

[0065] An overflow weir 10 is provided on the upper layer of the ecological filter bed structure. The height of the overflow weir 10 is lower than the top of the ecological filter bed structure and slightly higher than the bottom of the vegetation layer 7 (i.e., the height of the decontamination layer sieve plate 4). Preferably, the height difference between the overflow weir 10 and the decontamination layer sieve plate 4 is set at 20-30 cm.

[0066] In this embodiment, preferably, the ecological filter bed structure is square, and the water inlet device system 5 and the aeration device system 6 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the upper layer. It should be understood that circular, elliptical or other shapes are also applicable.

[0067] When using the composite ecological purification system for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal provided by the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0068] First, the assembled composite ecological purification system is placed in a polluted river or lake. The solar panel 503 supplies energy to drive the water inlet pump 504 to pump the sewage into the vegetation layer 7 on the upper layer of the ecological filter bed structure through the inlet and outlet pipes 502. The sewage flows through the vegetation layer 7, the quality removal layer 3 and the phosphorus removal layer 1 in turn, and is preliminarily treated, and the phosphorus element is greatly reduced.

[0069] The preliminarily treated sewage is automatically discharged into the middle empty cavity through the self-flowing holes 101 on the inner side of the bottom of the phosphorus removal layer under the action of gravity. At the same time, the aeration device system 6 works, and the solar module 603 supplies energy to drive the oxygenation pump 604 to intermittently oxygenate and intermittently aerate through the microporous aeration disk 9 to create an aerobic and anoxic environment, thereby specifically domesticating the nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the artificial carrier filler frame 801 to form a biofilm.

[0070] Then, under the joint action of the submerged plant planting tray 802 and the biofilm in the artificial carrier filling frame 801, the water body is denitrified and the nutrients are removed to further purify the water quality.

[0071] When water is fed in next time, the treated water in the vacant cavity overflows from the upper overflow weir 10. After working for a certain period of time, the phosphorus removal layer 1 and the quality removal layer 3 can be cleaned and replaced to ensure the treatment efficiency.

[0072] The composite ecological purification system of this embodiment is used for sewage treatment at the sewage outlet, and the permanganate index (COD Mn ), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were tested, and the treatment rate was calculated to evaluate the treatment effect. The results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0073] Table 1. Sewage treatment effect

[0074]

[0075] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that after being treated by the composite ecological purification system of this embodiment, the COD in the water body is Mn The concentrations of major pollution indicators such as NH3-N, TN and TP have all dropped significantly, the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is high, and the water purification effect is obvious.

[0076] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by a technician familiar with the technical field on the basis of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal, characterized in that: The purification method adopts a composite ecological purification system, which is a box-shaped structure, with an ecological filter bed structure connected on all sides on the periphery, and an empty cavity formed in the middle. An aerated bed system is arranged in the empty cavity, wherein: The ecological filter bed structure includes three layers: upper, middle and lower. The lower layer is a phosphorus removal layer, the middle layer is a mass removal layer, the upper layer is provided with a water inlet device system and an aeration device system, and the rest of the upper layer is provided with a vegetation layer. The phosphorus removal layer is filled with a phosphorus removal matrix filler with a spherical porous structure and is placed in a drawer-type material box for easy cleaning and replacement; The aerated sink bed system comprises a sink bed system and a microporous aeration disc, wherein the sink bed system is installed on the inner wall of the ecological filter bed structure, and the microporous aeration disc is suspended below the sink bed system; The submerged bed system includes an artificial carrier filling frame, a submerged plant planting tray and a submerged bed frame, and the submerged plant planting tray and the artificial carrier filling frame are fixedly installed in the submerged bed frame and are staggeredly distributed; The artificial carrier filler frame is filled with an artificial carrier filler that can provide good attachment conditions for microorganisms; The water inlet device system comprises a protective cabinet, a water inlet pump is arranged in the protective cabinet, and the water inlet pump is equipped with inlet and outlet pipes; The aeration device system comprises a protective plate, an oxygenation pump is arranged on the protective plate and an air guide pipe is configured, and the air guide pipe connects the oxygenation pump with the microporous aeration disc; An overflow weir is provided on the upper layer of the ecological filter bed structure; The purification method comprises the following steps: Step 1: placing the assembled composite ecological purification system in a polluted water source, turning on the water inlet pump to pump sewage into the vegetation layer on the upper layer of the ecological filter bed structure through the water inlet and outlet pipes; the sewage is preliminarily treated after passing through the vegetation layer, the quality removal layer and the phosphorus removal layer in sequence; Step 2: The water after preliminary treatment is discharged from the gravity holes on the inner side of the bottom of the phosphorus removal layer to the middle vacant cavity; the aeration device system works, the aeration pump intermittently aerates and intermittently aerates through the microporous aeration disk to create an aerobic and anoxic environment, thereby domesticating the nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the artificial carrier filler frame to form a biofilm; Step 3: Under the combined action of the biofilm in the submerged plant planting tray and the artificial carrier filler frame, the water body is denitrified and the nutrients are removed; Step 4: The treated water inside the vacant cavity overflows from the overflow weir on the upper layer.

2. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: A phosphorus removal layer sieve plate is provided between the phosphorus removal layer and the mass removal layer, and a mass removal layer sieve plate is provided between the vegetation layer and the mass removal layer.

3. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decontamination layer is filled with one or both of ceramsite or zeolite and is placed in a drawer-type material box for easy cleaning and replacement.

4. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation layer is planted with floating-leaf plants with good water purification effect and small leaves, which are one or two of Nymphoides and Water Chestnut.

5. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: A battery and a relay are further installed inside the protection cabinet.

6. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: A solar panel is further installed on the upper surface of the protection cabinet of the water inlet device system.

7. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: A solar panel is further installed above the protective plate of the aeration device system.

8. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sinker system is installed on the inner wall of the ecological filter bed structure with the help of a sinker frame. The sinker system is located below the water surface, and its depth is determined according to the water level.

9. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The submerged plant planting tray is filled with a matrix, and one or more submerged plants with strong pollution resistance and good nitrogen and phosphorus absorption effects are planted on the matrix.

10. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microporous aeration disc is suspended below the sedimentation bed system through a fixed chain.

11. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of self-flowing holes are arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the dephosphorization layer.

12. The composite ecological purification method for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological filter bed structure is square, and the water inlet device system and the aeration device system are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the upper layer.

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